Short presentation for Anemia. It contains 24 slides.

2.  INTRODUCTION
 TYPES OF ANEMIA
 CAUSES
 SYMPTOMS
 COMPLICATIONS

3.  Anemia is a medical condition in which the red blood
cell count or homoglobin (HB) is less than normal.The
oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is therefore ,
decreased . Red blood cells carry hemoglobin, an iron-
rich protein that attaches to oxygen in the lungs and
carries it to tissues throughout the body.

5.  Anemia is sign , not diagnosis. There are many kind of
anemia , each with its own cause. It is characterized by
insufficent eythrocytes or hemoglobin. Loss of blood is
the most common cause of anemia.Anemia can be
temporary or long term , and it can range from mild to
severe.These condition leads to fatigue and intolerance
to cold, which related to lack of oxygen needed for
energy and heat production , and paleness which is due
to low hemoglobin content.

6.  Iron deficiency anemia
 Pernicious anemia
 Sickle cell anemia
 Megaloblastic anemia
 Anemia of chronic disease
 Hemolytic anemia
 Idiopathic aplastic anemia
 Thalassemia

7.  Anemia , like a fever , is a symptom that
requires investugation to determine the
underlying etiology . Anemia occurs when
blood does not have enough red blood cells.

8.  This can happen if :
 Body does not make enough red blood cells
 Bleeding to lose red blood cells more quickly
than they can be replaced.
 Inherited blood disorder that result in
excessive destruction of red blood cells.

9. Causes of common types of
anemia-

10.  Iron deficiency anemia:
 Iron deficiency anemia is caused by a shortage of the
element iron in body.Bone marrow needs iron to make
hemoglobin.Without adequate iron, body cannot
produce enough hemoglobin for red blood cells.

11.  Hemorrhagic anemia:
 Hemorrhagi anemia is specific type of anemia that
causes because of sufficient decrease in red blood cells
due to hemorrhage(bleeding). Common causes are
large wounds , stomach ulcers and heavy menstrual
bleeding.

12.  Megaloblastic anemia:
 In addition to iron, body needs folate and Vitamin B12 to
produce sufficient number of healthy red blood cells. A
diet lacking in these and other key nutrients can cause
decreased red blood cell production. Megaloblastic
anemia is marked by the appearance of very large red
blood cells .

13.  This disorder is caused by incomplete fromation of the
red blood cell resulting in large number of immature and
incompletely developed cells.

14.  Pernicious anemia:
 In this condition insufficient production of
RBCs result from inability of body to
produce intrinsic factor. As a result,
person cannot absorb vitamin B12.

15.  Prenicious anemia is deficiency of vitamin
B12 due to autoimmune attack on cell of the
stomach and antibody against intrinsic factor
presented with megaloblastic anemia.

16.  Anemia of chronic disease:
 Certain chronic diseases such as cancer , HIV/Aids ,
rehumatoid arthritis ,Crohon’s diseases can interfere
with the production of red blood cells , resulting in
chronic anemia . Kidney failure also can cause anemia.

17.  Aplastic anemia:
 This is very rare lifethreatning anemia caused by a
decrease in the bone marrow’s ability to procedure red
blood cells. Destruction or inhibition of red bone marrow
resukt in aplastic anemia.

18.  Anemia assosiated with bone marrow
disease:
 A variety of diseases , such as Lukemia, Myelodysplasia
or Myelofibrosis , can cause anemia by affecting blood
production in bone marrow.

19.  Haemolytic anemia:
 This group of anemias develo when red blood cells are
destroyed faster than bon marrow can replace them.
Certain blood disease can increase red blood cell
destruction.

20.  Sickle cell anemia:
 The erythrocyte of a person with Sickle Cell Anemia
(SCA) manufactured am abnormal kind of hemoglobin.
When such RBC gives up its oxygen to interstitial fluid,
the abnormal hemoglobin tend to lose integrity in place
of low oxygen tensions and dorms long stiff,rod like
structure that bind erythocyte into sickle shape.The
sickle cell ruptures easily.

21.  Thalassemia:
 Thalassemia is a form of inherited autosomal recessive
blood disorders, in which the body makes an abnormal
form of haemoglobin.

22.  Anemia symptoms vary depending on the cause of
anemia but may include: fatigue,weakness, pale skin, a
fast irregular heartbeat, shortness of breath, chest pain
,dizziness ,Cognitive problems, Cold hands and feet
and headache.

23.  Left untreated , anemia can cause numerous
complications , such as Heart problems and
death.