axilla-101127074022-phpapp01.pptx
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This document describes the anatomy of the axilla, including its boundaries, contents, and structures that pass through it. It details the walls that form the axilla, as well as the muscles, blood vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes contained within. The axillary artery and its branches in the axilla are also outlined.
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axilla.pptx
The document describes the anatomy of the axilla, subclavian artery, axillary artery, brachial artery, radial artery, ulnar artery, and intermuscular spaces in the arm. Key points include:
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- The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery in the axilla and then the brachial artery in the arm, with named branches along its course.
- The radial and ulnar arteries are terminal branches of the brachial artery, running in the forearm and hand.
- There are three intermuscular spaces in the arm that contain named
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The document provides an anatomy overview of the upper limbs, beginning with the axilla (armpit) and its boundaries, contents, and walls. It then discusses the breast and its structure. Next, it covers the rotator cuff muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint. Finally, it lists the muscles responsible for abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint.
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This document provides information on the muscles of the upper limb, axilla, and cubital fossa. It describes the origin, insertion, nerve supply, and action of numerous muscles in these regions, including the pectoral region, back, scapula, arm, and forearm (both anterior and posterior sides). The muscles described include the pectoralis major and minor, deltoid, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, brachialis, and many forearm flexors and extensors.
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axilla.pptx
The document describes the anatomy of the axilla, subclavian artery, axillary artery, brachial artery, radial artery, ulnar artery, and intermuscular spaces in the arm. Key points include:
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The cervical plexus is formed from the anterior rami of cervical nerves C1-C4. It has cutaneous branches that innervate the skin of the head and neck, and muscular/communicating branches. The phrenic nerve from C3-C5 is the sole motor nerve to the diaphragm. The cervical plexus and its branches, including the phrenic nerve, are important for sensory innervation and motor control of the neck, diaphragm and related structures.
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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- 1. by Yapa Wijeratne Faculty of Medicine University of Peradeniya Sri Lanka
- 3. 3 1. Outer border of 1st rib 2. Clavicle -the posterior surface 3. Upper border of the scapula
- 4. 4 1. Pectoralis major 2. Pectoralis minor 3. Subclavius muscles 4. Clavipectoral fascia
- 5. 1 1. Upper part of serratus anterior Lower limit of the axilla = level of 4th rib
- 6. 1 1. Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
- 7. 3 1. Subscapularis (associated with the costal surface of the scapula); 2. Latissimus dorsi- the distal part 3. Teres major
- 8. Axillary fascia and a dome of skin that spans the distance between the inferior margins of the walls
- 9. Pierced by 4 structures 2 inwards 1. Lymphatics from the infraclavicular nodes to the apical nodes of the axilla. 2. Cephalic vein
- 10. 2 outwards 1. Lateral pectoral nerve 2. Thoracoacromial artery, or its branches 1. Pectoral 2. Acromial 3. Deltoid 4. Clavicular
- 12. 1. Axillary artery 2. Axillary vein 3. Brachial plexus 4. Lymphatics of the upper limb 5. Proximal parts of two muscles of the arm 1. Biceps brachii 2. Coracobrachialis 6. The axillary process of the breast 7. Collections of lymph nodes
- 13. Branches 1st part – 1 2nd part – 2 3rd part - 3
- 14. 1 Send - Superior thoracic artery 2 The - Thoraco-acromial artery Lord to - Lateral thoracic artery 3 Say - Subscapular artery A - Anterior circumflex humeral artery Prayer - Posterior circumflex humeral artery
- 16. 1. An anterior or pectoral group 2. A posterior or subscapular group 3. A lateral group 4. A central group 5. An apical group
- 19. The inferior margin of the Subscapularis The surgical neck of the Humerus The lateral margin of the long head of the Triceps brachii The superior margin of the Teres major Passing through the quadrangular space are 1. Axillary nerve 2. Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein.
- 20. the medial margin of the long head of the triceps brachii muscle; the superior margin of the teres major muscle; the inferior margin of the subscapularis muscle Passing through the triangular space are 1. circumflex scapular artery and vein
- 21. The shaft of the humerus The inferior margin of the teres major muscle The lateral margin of the long head of the Triceps brachii Passing through the Triangular interval are 1. radial nerve