This document summarizes a study characterizing the regional variability of seasonal water balances within the Omo-Gibe River Basin in Ethiopia. The study analyzed the water balances of 21 catchments in the basin using the HBV light conceptual hydrology model with a single linear reservoir. The model was calibrated against stream flow data from 10 catchments and showed good performance. The calibrated parameters were then used to predict stream flows in 11 ungauged catchments. The catchments were regionalized into two regions based on similarities in their seasonal water balances and controlling precipitation regimes. Region 1 consisted of 14 northern catchments where precipitation and evaporation are out of phase. Region 2 consisted of 7 southern catchments where precipitation and evaporation are
Isotope Hydrology in the Middle Mohlapitsi Catchment, South AfricaIJERD Editor
This paper presents the results of an investigation of isotope hydrology of the wetland in the Mohlapitsi and Olifants basins. One hundred and twenty eight water samples were collected during May 2007 through November 2013 for deuterium and oxygen-18 analyses. The isotopic compositions of water samples at the study site catchment did not show any significant difference, indicating they are from the same source. This isotopic similarity between the upstream and the wetland aquifers confirmed the hydraulic interconnection between them. Furthermore, river water samples cluster together except water samples at Valis Village crossing and downstream river. The auger hole samples are quite variable with those associated with upstream transects grouping with the drains, while those associated with the downstream transects more similar to the spring. The indications are that the springs have a highly variable signature which may suggest that there are different types of springs to be found in the study catchment. The isotopic composition of water samples in the study area during low-flow (June 2011 and July 2012) and high-flow (November 2011 and December 2012) periods were similar.
Protecting the Source of Drinking WaterRobert Brears
IN MANY LOCATIONS around the world, ensuring
access to good quality water can be a challenge due to economic as well as domestic activities impacting the quality
of surface and groundwater supplies. To avoid having to develop new water supplies due to contamination a number of
jurisdictions are turning to water source protection methods
which involve the protection of surface water sources
and the protection of groundwater sources from contamination
of any kind.
Watershed management practices and hydrological modelling under changing clim...africa-rising
Poster prepared by B.Z. Birhanu, F.Kizito, K.Traore, O. Cofie and R. Tabo for the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
A B S T R A C T
Urban stormwater lakes in cold regions are ice-covered for substantial parts of the winter. It has long been considered that the ice-covered period is the “dormant season,” during which ecological processes are inactive. However, little is known about this period due to the historical focus on the open-water season. Recent pioneering research on ice-covered natural lakes has suggested that some critical ecological processes play out on the ice. The objective of this study was to investigate the active processes in ice-covered stormwater lakes. Data collected during a two-year field measurement program at a stormwater lake located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada were analyzed. The lake was covered by ice from November to mid-April of the following year. The mean value of chlorophyll-a during the ice-covered period was 22.09% of the mean value for the open-water season, suggesting that primary productivity under ice can be important. Nitrogen and phosphorus were remarkably higher during the ice-covered period, while dissolved organic carbon showed little seasonal variation. Under ice-covered conditions, the total phosphorus was the major nutrient controlling the ratio of total nitrogen to total phosphorus, and a significant positive correlation existed between total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a when the ratio was smaller than 10. The results provide preliminary evidence of the critical nutrient processes in the Stormwater Lake during the ice-covered period.
Isotope Hydrology in the Middle Mohlapitsi Catchment, South AfricaIJERD Editor
This paper presents the results of an investigation of isotope hydrology of the wetland in the Mohlapitsi and Olifants basins. One hundred and twenty eight water samples were collected during May 2007 through November 2013 for deuterium and oxygen-18 analyses. The isotopic compositions of water samples at the study site catchment did not show any significant difference, indicating they are from the same source. This isotopic similarity between the upstream and the wetland aquifers confirmed the hydraulic interconnection between them. Furthermore, river water samples cluster together except water samples at Valis Village crossing and downstream river. The auger hole samples are quite variable with those associated with upstream transects grouping with the drains, while those associated with the downstream transects more similar to the spring. The indications are that the springs have a highly variable signature which may suggest that there are different types of springs to be found in the study catchment. The isotopic composition of water samples in the study area during low-flow (June 2011 and July 2012) and high-flow (November 2011 and December 2012) periods were similar.
Protecting the Source of Drinking WaterRobert Brears
IN MANY LOCATIONS around the world, ensuring
access to good quality water can be a challenge due to economic as well as domestic activities impacting the quality
of surface and groundwater supplies. To avoid having to develop new water supplies due to contamination a number of
jurisdictions are turning to water source protection methods
which involve the protection of surface water sources
and the protection of groundwater sources from contamination
of any kind.
Watershed management practices and hydrological modelling under changing clim...africa-rising
Poster prepared by B.Z. Birhanu, F.Kizito, K.Traore, O. Cofie and R. Tabo for the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
A B S T R A C T
Urban stormwater lakes in cold regions are ice-covered for substantial parts of the winter. It has long been considered that the ice-covered period is the “dormant season,” during which ecological processes are inactive. However, little is known about this period due to the historical focus on the open-water season. Recent pioneering research on ice-covered natural lakes has suggested that some critical ecological processes play out on the ice. The objective of this study was to investigate the active processes in ice-covered stormwater lakes. Data collected during a two-year field measurement program at a stormwater lake located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada were analyzed. The lake was covered by ice from November to mid-April of the following year. The mean value of chlorophyll-a during the ice-covered period was 22.09% of the mean value for the open-water season, suggesting that primary productivity under ice can be important. Nitrogen and phosphorus were remarkably higher during the ice-covered period, while dissolved organic carbon showed little seasonal variation. Under ice-covered conditions, the total phosphorus was the major nutrient controlling the ratio of total nitrogen to total phosphorus, and a significant positive correlation existed between total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a when the ratio was smaller than 10. The results provide preliminary evidence of the critical nutrient processes in the Stormwater Lake during the ice-covered period.
Jenny Deakin from the EPA Catchments Unit gave a Teagasc Signpost Seminar on April 20 2021. The seminar covered water quality, focused on the agricultural sector, and the solutions needed to improve water quality, and new tools to target the right measure in the right place. This includes upgraded Pollution Impact Potential Maps for Nitrogen and Phosphorus, together with overland flow and focused delivery points.
Dr. Jay Famiglietti - 21st Century Water Security and Implications for Animal...John Blue
21st Century Water Security and Implications for Animal Agriculture - Dr. Jay Famiglietti, Associate Professor at University of California, Irvine and Senior Water Scientist at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, from the 2015 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'Water and the Future of Animal Agriculture', March 23 - March 26, 2015, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2015_niaa_water_future_animal_ag
AquaResource was contracted by the Province of Ontario to review Integrated Groundwater/Surface Water Models and provide recommendations on their applicability in the Province.
Land, soil and water management: Watershed management practices and hydrologi...ICRISAT
Improve smallholder agricultural productivity through sustainable intensification by managing water resources using a watershed approach. Studying the seasonal variations of water levels in shallow wells at land scale level, establishing new sets of monitoring stations and field experiments to study the dynamics of water availability and land cover changes, water balance modelling from farm to watershed scale and, regional climate change modelling.
S Pillay, Dr. A. J. Smit, Dr Deborah Robertson-Andersson. Submitted to the ninth Scientific Symposium of the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science (WIOMSA) 2015.
Jenny Deakin from the EPA Catchments Unit gave a Teagasc Signpost Seminar on April 20 2021. The seminar covered water quality, focused on the agricultural sector, and the solutions needed to improve water quality, and new tools to target the right measure in the right place. This includes upgraded Pollution Impact Potential Maps for Nitrogen and Phosphorus, together with overland flow and focused delivery points.
Dr. Jay Famiglietti - 21st Century Water Security and Implications for Animal...John Blue
21st Century Water Security and Implications for Animal Agriculture - Dr. Jay Famiglietti, Associate Professor at University of California, Irvine and Senior Water Scientist at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, from the 2015 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'Water and the Future of Animal Agriculture', March 23 - March 26, 2015, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2015_niaa_water_future_animal_ag
AquaResource was contracted by the Province of Ontario to review Integrated Groundwater/Surface Water Models and provide recommendations on their applicability in the Province.
Land, soil and water management: Watershed management practices and hydrologi...ICRISAT
Improve smallholder agricultural productivity through sustainable intensification by managing water resources using a watershed approach. Studying the seasonal variations of water levels in shallow wells at land scale level, establishing new sets of monitoring stations and field experiments to study the dynamics of water availability and land cover changes, water balance modelling from farm to watershed scale and, regional climate change modelling.
S Pillay, Dr. A. J. Smit, Dr Deborah Robertson-Andersson. Submitted to the ninth Scientific Symposium of the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science (WIOMSA) 2015.
Evaluations of Stream Flow Response to Land use and Land Cover Changes in Wab...IJCMESJOURNAL
Land Use and Land Cover Change (LU/LC) is one of the notable human induced worldwide changes. Hence, understanding the stream flow responses of a watershed to this dynamic change is becoming fundamental for water resources management planning. The study was conducted with the objective to analyses the impact of Land use and Land cover changes on stream flow response of Wabe watershed, in Omo-Gibe basin. Land use and land cover maps were developed using satellite image of Landsat5 TM 1988, Landsat7 ETM+ 2001 and Landsat8 OLI/TIRS 2018 through maximum likelihood algorithm of supervised classification using ERDAS Imagine 2014 and ArcGIS software for satellite image processing and map preparation. A physical based, semi-distributed hydrological model SWAT was used to simulate LU/LC change effects on the stream flow responses of watershed. During the study period the land use and land cover has changed due to natural and anthropogenic activity. The results depicted that there was an incessant expansion of agricultural land, built-up area and forest cover, on the other hand declining of agroforestry; grassland and woodland were happened during from the 1988 to 2018 periods. Due to the occurred LU/LC changes, the mean monthly stream flow were increased by 5.97m3/s for wet season and similarly the dry season flow showed increasing by 0.96m3/s during the study periods from 1988 up to 2018. Generally the result indicated that large changes of the stream flow in the watershed. Hence result notified an urgent intervention, so as to regulate the LU/LC change and to reduce its strong impacts on the stream flow of the Wabe watershed.
Effect of Starch on Mechanical, Electrical, Physical, Thermal Properties and ...IOSRJAC
HIPS was blended with starch in three formulations 10, 20 & 30% with compatibilizer glycerol (2wt% based on starch) using a twin screw extruder. Test specimens were prepared using an injection molding machine. Mechanical, electrical, physical and thermal properties were determined. Photo degradation using accelerated weather o meter for 25, 50, 100, 200 hrs was carried out. And then bio degradation for 45 days was carried out. The loss in mechanical properties was studied after photo degradation. After photo degradation, bio degradation was evaluated. The effect of starch on bio degradation was studied. HIPS is photo degradable and starch is bio degradable. Hence starch filled HIPS is photo & bio degradable. This photo & bio degradable starch filled HIPS is used in packaging & disposable applications like cups, lids, trays, spoons, pens & cutlery handles with lower cost.
Assessment of the Water Quality of Lake Sidi Boughaba (Ramsar Site 1980) Keni...IJRTEMJOURNAL
Sidi Boughaba Lake, part of a wetland complex of Morocco (Ramsar site in 1980) is located on
the Atlantic coast of northwestern Morocco, oriented NNE - SSW and located in an interdunal depression. The
existence of this body of water is due to the fact that the topographic surface is at a lower cost than that of the
piezometric surface of the coastal water table, rainwater and runoff water. The objective of this study is to
determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters of this lake. Thus, several water samples were
taken monthly in the period 2016-2017. Parameters such as: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC),
chloride (Cl-
), turbidity (NTU), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). The results obtained show that the
distribution of the analyzed elements in Lake waters is quite variable between seasons, as well as between
stations. However, the analysis showed that the studied waters are very mineralized, with an EC between 7 g/l
and 14.8 g/l. This mineralization is essentially evaporitic and is controlled by various processes, such as
evaporation and marine influence by aerosol.
Assessment of the Water Quality of Lake Sidi Boughaba (Ramsar Site 1980) Keni...journal ijrtem
Sidi Boughaba Lake, part of a wetland complex of Morocco (Ramsar site in 1980) is located on
the Atlantic coast of northwestern Morocco, oriented NNE - SSW and located in an interdunal depression. The
existence of this body of water is due to the fact that the topographic surface is at a lower cost than that of the
piezometric surface of the coastal water table, rainwater and runoff water. The objective of this study is to
determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters of this lake. Thus, several water samples were
taken monthly in the period 2016-2017. Parameters such as: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC),
chloride (Cl-
), turbidity (NTU), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). The results obtained show that the
distribution of the analyzed elements in Lake waters is quite variable between seasons, as well as between stations.
However, the analysis showed that the studied waters are very mineralized, with an EC between 7 g/l and 14.8
g/l. This mineralization is essentially evaporitic and is controlled by various processes, such as evaporation and
marine influence by aerosol.
investigative study of seasonal changesIJAEMSJORNAL
Physico-chemical parameters of River Oluwa water in Agbabu, Nigeria were investigated to determine its quality characteristics and establish seasonal effects on the water. Water from the river was collected at five different points in dry season (March, 2008 and 2009) and rainy season (July, 2008 and 2009). Insitu parameters (pH, EC and Turbidity) were measured using Horiba Water Checker Model U-10 while TDS was by Lovibond CM – 21 Tintometer. Subsequently in the Laboratory, Na+ and K+ were determined using flame photometric methods while Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, SO42-, Cl-, PO42- and NO3- were determined by wet analysis. River Oluwa water was alkaline with average pH of 7.41 and 7.53 in dry and rainy seasons respectively. Electrical conductivity (EC) was high during dry season (av. 630.44 µS/cm), but low in the rainy season (av. 317.58 µS/cm) due to long residence time in dry season allowing more water-rock interaction. Turbidity’s average values of 0.14 NTU and 2.29 NTU in dry and rainy seasons respectively suggested moderate pollution with particulate matter. The order of average cations concentrations in the dry and rainy seasons was Ca2+ > K+ > Na+ > Mg2+ while that of the anions was HCO3- > Cl- >SO42- > NO3-. The ions concentrations though lower in rainy season, Ca2+-HCO3- water was dominant in both seasons. Quality evaluation for irrigation revealed that the water was suitable for all irrigation purposes. River Oluwa water was soft, low mineralized, chemically potable, suitable for irrigation but with lower ionic concentrations in rainy season.
Introducing climate change in river basin managementLia Romano
3rd International Meeting on Meteorology and Climatology of the Mediterranean
POSTER
ABSTRACT
Within an increasing sensibility of international scientific community and public opinion about the issue, the recent European Directives in water policy, the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC and the Floods Directive 2007/60/EC - that provide legal instruments for protecting and restoring the water environment, as well as for reducing risks to human health, cultural heritage and economic activity - require the States Member to take into account the eventual trend induced by climate change, from which major changes in yearly and seasonal precipitation and water flow, flooding, coastal erosion and water quality arise.
The effects of the climate change on the hydrological cycle are usually carried out by means of climatic models working on a planetary scale and most of all forecast an drying trend in Southern Europe, unlike a wetting trend in the Northern Europe. On the other hand, at regional scale, the expected changes can be rather different, indeed forecast of precipitation and flow changes at river basin scale are less certain, due to large natural variability in these quantities, as well as the limitation of climate models, and assumptions used to downscale information from climate to hydrological models.
It follows that an important role of water managers would be to adopt plans to climate change impacts, individuating methodologies for evaluation of climate variability scenarios in the basins management, both for water scarcity management and for flood risk management in order to apply efficiently long term measures.
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.): Land use/land cover changes and...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Water hyacinth was officially reported in Ethiopia in 1956 at Koka Dam and Awash River and it is considered as a constraint to the development of the country. Thus, this study was undertaken to determine Water hyacinth and associated land cover/use changes, and capture perceptions regarding community-based management to enhance its proper control/eradication in Lume and Boa districts, east Shoa zone, Ethiopia using integrated approach. The method of study included Water hyacinth and associated land use/cover change analyses, focus group discussions, discussions with experts at the district, zone and region levels and undertaking consultative workshop. The land use/land cover change analyses revealed increased area coverage by Water hyacinth from about 145.53 ha in 1986 to 2319.48 ha in 2015 with decline in the area of water bodies and wetlands. The annual rate of increase in the area of the weed was about 51.51% while water bodies and wetlands declined by about 0.49% and 1.16%, respectively. Of the 10 group discussions undertaken in the study districts with the communities, 9 of them reported water hyacinth to increase in terms of area coverage since its appearance in their areas which concurs the results obtained from satellite image analyses and they reported the weed to be very harmful to their livelihood. Furthermore, the nine group discussants disclosed water hyacinth to be of no use to them. Recommendations included developing comprehensive management strategies and action plans, analysis and defining roles of each stakeholder, awareness creation, training, institutional linkages, co-management and reduction of nutrient load in water bodies.
2. Keywords. Omo-Gibe River Basin, HBV-Light Model, Parameter Regionalization, Flow Prediction to Un-
gauged Catchments, Hydrology, Seasonal Water Balance and Signature of Catchment Response.
