The document discusses the constructivist learning theory, which holds that knowledge is constructed actively by learners based on their experiences and prior knowledge. It states that learning is not a passive process, and that the teacher acts as a guide who provides materials for students to use to test their ideas and explain their understanding. It notes that Jean Piaget and John Dewey developed theories that learning is most effective when students actively participate in their own learning rather than being passive bystanders. The document also lists some pros and cons of the constructivist approach.