Automated Cafeteria System for Efficient Food Serving

I
Automated Cafeteria System for Efficient Food Serving
A Project Submitted
By
Under the Supervision of
MR. MD. SIDDAT BIN NESAR
Lecturer
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Port City International University
Department of
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
August, 2019
MD. FEROUZ PATOWARY
ANAYET ULLAH
MD. SAYEED SORWARDEE
MD. RASHEDUL ALAM
MD. NAZMUL HOSSAIN
AMIT GHOSH
ID: EEE 01005779
ID: EEE 01005844
ID: EEE 01005806
ID: EEE 01005826
ID: EEE 00505273
ID: EEE 00905721

II
Automated Cafeteria System for Efficient Food Serving
A project submitted to the Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department of the Engineering Faculty,
Port City International University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor
of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering.
MD. FEROUZ PATOWARY
ANAYET ULLAH
MD. RASHEDUL ALAM
MD. NAZMUL HOSSAIN
AMIT GHOSH
ID: EEE 01005779
ID: EEE 01005844
ID: EEE 01005806
ID: EEE 01005826
ID: EEE 00505273
ID: EEE 00905721
Department of
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
August, 2019

III
DECLARATION
This is to certify that this thesis “Automated Cafeteria System for Efficient Food Serving” is my original
work. No part of this work has been submitted elsewhere partially or fully for the award of any other degree
or diploma. Any material reproduced in this project has been properly acknowledged.
Students’ names & Signatures
MD.FEROUZ PATOWARY
ANAYET ULLAH
MD.SAYEED SOWARDEE
MD. RASHEDUL ALAM
MD. NAZMUL HOSSAIN
AMIT GHOSH

IV
APPROVAL
The Project titled “Automated Cafeteria System for Efficient Food Serving” has been submitted to the
following respected members of the Board of Examiners of the department of Electrical and Electronic
Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Electrical and
Electronic Engineering on August, 2019 by the following student and has been accepted as satisfactory.
MD. FEROUZ PATOWARY
ANAYET ULLAH
MD. RASHEDUL ALAM
MD. NAZMUL HOSSAIN
AMIT GHOSH
ID: EEE 01005779
ID: EEE 01005844
ID: EEE 01005806
ID: EEE 01005826
ID: EEE 00505273
ID: EEE 00905721
Supervisor
MR. MD. SIDDAT BIN NESAR
Lecturer
Department of EEE

V
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First and foremost, we would like to express our special thanks to our supervisor MR. MD. SIDDAT BIN
NESAR, Lecturer, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Port City International
University for giving our enormous support, motivation and invaluable advices regarding this project. He
has been my idol and role model in the last couple of months and we are grateful to Almighty Allah for
giving our the opportunity to learn under such a great supervisor.
Secondly, we would like to express our special thanks to all the faculty members of Department of
Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Port City International University for giving our comments and
invaluable advice for further extension of this project.
We would like to thank my family and friends, without whose patience and support we would never have
reached our goal.
MD. FEROUZ PATOWARY
ANAYET ULLAH
MD. RASHEDUL ALAM
MD. NAZMUL HOSSAIN
AMIT GHOSH

VI
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT 1
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Page 2-3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Objectives 3
1.3 System Discussion 4
1.3.1 Ordering System 4
1.3.2 Serving Process 4
1.3.3 Restaurant Website and Android App 4
1.4 Results and Discussion 5
1.4.1 Ordering Process 5
1.4.2 Serving Process 6
1.5 Applications of the project 6
1.6 Limitations 6
CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW Page 7-9
Literature Review 7-9
CHAPTER 3 : THEORETICAL OVERVIEW Page 10-20
3.1 List Of Electrical Components 10
3.1.1. Arduino pro Mini 10-11
3.1.2. Bluetooth Module 12-13
3.1.3. LCD 13-15
3.1.4. Servo Motor 15-16
3.1.5. Motion Sensor 17-18
3.1.6. Obstacle sensor 18-19
3.1.7. Push Button 20
3.1.8 Power Supply 20

VII
CHAPTER 4: BLOCK DIAGRAM Page 21-22
4.1 Block Diagram 21
4.2 Flow Chart 22
4.3 Schematic diagram 23
4.2.1 Circuit Operation 23
4.2.2 Working Principle 24
4.2.3 Circuit Application 24
CHAPTER 5: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION Page 25-26
5.1 Body design: 25
5.2 Software Description 26
5.3 Hardware 26
CHAPTER 6: FUTURE WORK AND CONCLUSION Page 27-28
6.1 Applications 27
6.2 Advantages 27
6.3 Benefit 27
6.4 Disadvantages 28
6.5 Future Enhancements 28
6.6 Conclusion 28
REFERENCES 29
APPENDIX 30-33

VIII
List of Figures
Figure No Figure Name Page
Figure 1.1: Smart restaurant using Conveyer 3
Figure 3.1: Arduino pro Mini and Arduino Pro Mini Pin Diagram 10
Figure 3.2: Bluetooth Module and Bluetooth Module Pinout 12
Figure 3.3: LCD and Pinout 14
Figure 3.4: Servo motor and Servo Motor Pinout 16
Figure 3.5: Pulse Width Modulation 16
Figure 3.6: Motion sensor 17
Figure 3.7: Obstacle Sensor and Pinout 19
Figure 3.8: Push Button 20
Figure 3.9: Power Supply 20
Figure 4.1: Block diagram of project 21
Figure 4.2 Flowchart of working process. 22
Figure 4.3: Circuit diagram of the prototype model 23
Figure 5.1: Front Side View 25
Figure 5.2: Back Side view 25
Figure 5.3: Full Circuit View 25

IX
List of Tables
Table No Table Name Page
Table 3.1: Arduino Pro Mini Technical Specification 11
Table 3.2: Arduino Pro Mini Technical Specification 11
Table 3.3: Bluetooth module Pin Configuration 13
Table 3.4: LCD module Pin Configuration 15
Table 3.5: Motion Sensor Pin Configuration 17
Table 3.6: Obstacle Sensor Pin Configuration 19

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ABSTRACT
The restaurant is now gaining more importance in terms of automation. The usual procedure used
for food ordering in restaurants is a manual process. It involves the waiters noting down the menu
from customers, transferring the orders to the kitchen, serving the menu and finally preparing bills.
This process even though looks simple, is prone to human errors while note making and delays
involved. So the customers end-up with unsatisfactory service. Considering this fact and with an
aim to improve efficiency and reduce errors in conventional food ordering system, new technology
is introduced to automate the process. The ordering process is made simple through which the
customer can order the food item from the table itself. It consists of Mobile App and LCD display
to order the food item and to display the ordered food item to the customer respectively. The
ordered food item will be transferred to the kitchen using the Bluetooth Module. The serving
process consists of food serving conveyer belt which is used to serve the foods to the customer
depending upon their order. The conveyer belt uses arduino microcontroller for programming. The
cost of the ordered food item will get added up and the total bill amount will be shown to the
customer and it will be sent to the billing counter. Website will also be created for the restaurant.

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
Restaurant is a place where people come, sit and eat meals that are cooked and served by the chef
and the waiters respectively. In traditional restaurant system, orders are taken by a waiter and they
bring the food when it is ready. After eating the food, customers will pay the bill. This system relies
on large numbers of manpower to handle customer reservation, inquiry about them, ordering food,
placing order on table, reminding dishes of customer. Currently, there are a lot of ways of serving
the customers. For instance, waiter serving system, robot serving system, self-carrying system (fast
food), pen-and-paper self-ordering system, etc. These systems are made in order to get attraction
from customers and to reduce the need of hiring more employees in their workplace. When there is
a conveyer belt that can carry food, it will strictly reduce the need of hiring more employees.
Therefore, there is propos system. The proposed system reduces the man power and makes the
whole process in the restaurant to be done automatically starting from welcoming the customer to
payment of bill. The display system consists of three main blocks. First block deals with ordering
process through which the customer can order the food item without the need of the mobile app.
The customer table is provided with the app and LCD display using which the customer can type
the item code and can see the ordered food item along with cost respectively. The second block is to
serve the ordered food to the customer. It is done by using the food serving conveyer belt. It will
modify the real time problem of time delay and delivering of incorrect food item. It consists of the
dc gear motor which moves according to the sensor output. The conveyer belt consists of proximity
sensor to count the wheel rotation and IR sensor for obstacle detection. The third block is for
payment of bill amount. The cost of the ordered food item will be displayed to the customer at the
time of ordering itself and if the customer finished ordering, the total amount of the ordered food
item will be calculated and the entire bill amount will be displayed to the customer. The other
technique in this paper includes the common display of available food item with their code so that
the customer can be aware of the menu. There will be a helping technique available at each
customer table which is used by the customer to order the food item. In this technique the
instruction for the entire process will be played at the time of ordering the food item. This system
replaces the conventional method in restaurant and it reduces the human need and makes the

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process simple and efficient. This system is also meant for the attraction of the customer .By seeing
this technology the amount of customer will be increased and so the profit will be increased. The
main objective of this paper is
 To order the food item without the need of the server
 To serve the ordered food item to the customer automatically without any human need
 To calculate the bill amount and to display the amount to the customer
Figure 1.1: Smart restaurant using Conveyer Belt
1.2 Objectives
We have chosen this topic to modern technology system of restaurant By using conveyer belt.
 Build a smart cafeteria.
 Reduce mistake made by waiters.
 Increase customer comfortability.
 Serve to specific table.
 Efficient and smart serving.
 Reduce labour into a minimum needed.
 Reduce cost to pay the employee.
 Encourage of restaurateur to use modern technology system.
 Engineer job opportunity.

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1.3 System Discussion
In this section we will discuss about system process. There is some process.
1.3.1 Ordering System
The proposed system consists of mobile app, arduino, LCD display, Bluetooth Module for ordering
the food item. Mobile app and LCD display are placed in the customers table. Each food item will
be given a code; the customer can type the code of the food item using the app. The quantity of the
food item can be incremented and decremented using 1 or 2. The name of the food item, quantity,
and cost of the food item will be displayed in the LCD display placed in the table. The name of the
food item will be transmitted to the kitchen using Bluetooth Module and it will be displayed in the
kitchen LCD. The availability of the food item along with the code and cost will be displayed in
the common LCD display placed in the restaurant. When the customers occupy the table the
instruction will be played, so that the customer can order the food item according to the
instruction.
1.3.2 Serving Process
This system uses Conveyer belt to serve the food to the customer. The conveyer includes IR sensor.
There will be a display and mobile app on the customers table. Customer will be able to set up
menu by the mobile app and order shown on the kitchen monitor. Accordingly, to prepare the food
to serve. The prepared food will be placed on the conveyer belt and belt will reach the table. This
is serving process.
1.3.3 Restaurant Website and Android App
Webpage has been created for the restaurant for ordering the food item from their home place and
then it will be delivered to the customer. The webpage contains the details of restaurant, menu,
cost of the item and the ordering site. The ordering site contains the input box where customer
needs to enter the details of ordering. Mobile Android application is developed for the restaurant
and it will be provided to the customer so that they can easily order the food item.

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1.4 Results and Discussion
This chapter provides the necessary information for Result and Discussion. In this section we will
discuss about system process. There is some process.
1.4.1 Ordering Process
 Instruction for Ordering
When the customer occupies their table the LCD will show greetings to the customer and it will tell
to press 5 to read the instruction.
So, the customer has to press 5 if they want to read the instruction if the customer is familiar with
the instruction then they can move to the next step.
The instruction is as follows:
• Press start to start ordering.
• Type the item code of the food that they wish to order by seeing the menu list menu
displayed on the common LCD.
• Press 1 or 2 to increment and decrement the quantity.
Once the ordering is finished press submit to print the total amount. The common LCD display will
be present at the restaurant to display the food item that are present in the kitchen .The LCD display
will contain the details of item code, name of the food item and its cost.
 Ordering Method
The item code, name of the food item and cost of it will be displayed in the common LCD kept at
the restaurant. By seeing that, the customer needs to type the item code by using the apps keypad
for eg., if they type ‘1’ using the keypad then ‘idly’ will be displayed on the LCD. Then the
quantity is given by means of + and – button. If + is pressed the quantity will be increase and if – is
pressed ,the quantity will be decrease. The cost of each ordered food will be simultaneously printed
on the LCD display. Once the first item has been ordered then the customer can precede the same
step for the next item. The customer can order any number of items at the time. This type of food
ordering will replace the conventional method of using pen and paper. It provides accurate means of
ordering system where there will be no error of changing the item and the customer no need to wait
for the server. The customer will also be aware of the cost of item while ordering the item.

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1.4.2 Serving Process
When the conveyer is called it will be moved in a programmed path. For each rotation of the IR
sensor gets incremented, it will stay in the kitchen and get the order and then it will have delivered
to the ordered customer. When the obstacle is detected in its path, it will stop if the obstacle object.
1.5 Applications of the project
We are going to implement our system in restaurants to ease the serving and management system
of the restaurant and also give a technical touch which atomize the working of restaurant.
With slight modification in this project, this system can be widely used at different public places
like at canteens, hospitals, public transport, home, theatres etc.
1.6 Limitations
 Status and feedback of order is not obtained.
 Limited distance.
 System may not work properly if tablet/Smartphone suffer a defect
 Also may become a drawback if end users are not able to use the tablet/Smart phone devices.

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
 AUTONOMOUS ROBOT SYSTEM RESTAURNT [10]
There are some basic requirements in creating an autonomous mobile robot: openness, abstraction
and modularity. These requirements are crucial so that a new function of robot can be constructed
from small changes of hardware and software design. Line following based on Infrared (IR)
photoelectric sensor is the basic knowledge to construct an autonomous mobile robot. It is an
intelligent system to ensure that the robot moves according to the line, in which if it moves out of
the line, the position corrective feedback will send data to the microcontroller. In order to perform a
good line following robot, the principle of IR sensor should be followed. The robot build has to
detect the line in the shortest time.
Thus, the IR sensor has to produce the best output so that the information can be sent to the
microcontroller, and gives faster reaction. In order to improve system reliability and accuracy, the
received reflected light will convert into output signal voltage, which directly affected by the
distance between the reflector and the sensor. There is a threshold voltage, where the distance of IR
sensor and reflector is optimum. The output received from IR sensor will pass through a comparator
in order to compare the voltage and send data to microcontroller. The sensor installation mode will
also affect the performance of sensor. Basically, the distance between the IR set sensor and the black
line should be more than 5mm. Also, the IR sensor will be fixed perpendicular to the reflector.
 SMART RESTAURANT: SURVEY ON CUSTOMER DEMAND AND SALSE,
FORECASTING. [13]
Demand forecasting is one of the important inputs for a successful restaurant yield and revenue
management system. Sales forecasting is crucial for an independent restaurant and for restaurant
chains as well. In this chapter a comprehensive literature review and classification of restaurant sales
and consumer demand techniques are presented. Sales prediction is very complex due to the impact
of internal and external environment. However, a reliable sales forecasting methodology can
improve the quality of business strategy. A range of methodologies and models for forecasting are
given in the literature. These techniques are categorized here into seven categories, also including
hybrid models. The methodology for different kinds of analytical methods is briefly described, the

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advantages and drawbacks are discussed, and relevant set of papers is selected. Conclusions and
comments are also made on future research directions.
 AUTOMATION IN RESTAURANTS: ORDERING TO ROBOTS IN RESTAURANT
VIA SMART ORDERING SYSTEM [14]
Automation is everywhere; in one of our last paper we proposed a serving robot in restaurant to
automate the restaurants. In that paper we discussed some issues in existing serving robots in China
and Japan, and ordering to a robot is one from that issues. This paper is focusing on introducing
ordering system along with robotic waiter in restaurants in India. It is a web based application that a
customer can open on their smart phone. This system will help restaurants and hotels to increase
their star rating and reduce the human error at the time of taking orders. Already hotels are doing
new experiments to get notice by customers. For that they are registering in online applications also.
Our application is basically for the robotic restaurants to automate them.
 INTELLIGENT RESTAURANT SYSTEM SMARTMENU. [15]
Digital technology is transforming business in many sectors, including restaurant systems and
service processes. Customers may recognize the replacement of paper-based menus with digital ones
as a first step of this process. Intelligent restaurant systems are an interesting application area for
merging and extension of cognitive capabilities with both intra-cognitive and inter-cognitive
communication. An intelligent restaurant system Smart menu, developed by Centria and Delitaz
Ltd., is an example of innovation which is based on merging and extending of cognitive capabilities.
These kinds of systems may change the everyday life in restaurants in the future. The system covers
the whole order process of a restaurant including the applications of the customer, the waiter, the
kitchen and the cashier. The first pilot systems were recently tested in several restaurants in Finland.
Piloting included also questionnaires and interviews analyzed by usability experts. In the future,
Smart menu may be extended to include also service robots in the system. The first demonstrations
of using service robot in a restaurant environment were already carried out.
 DIGITAL ORDERING SYSTEM FOR RESTAURANT USING ANDROID. [10]
Nowadays web services technology is widely used to integrate heterogeneous systems and develop
new applications. Here an application of integration of hotel management systems by web services
technology is presented. Digital Hotel Management integrates lots of systems of hotel industry such

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as Ordering System Kitchen Order Ticket (KOT), Billing System, Customer Relationship
Management system (CRM) together. This integration solution can add or expand hotel software
system in any size of hotel chains environment. This system increases quality and speed of service.
This system also increases attraction of place for large range of customers. Implementing this
system gives a cost-efficient opportunity to give your customers a personalized service experience
where they are in control choosing what they want, when they want it – from dining to ordering to
payment and feedback. We are implementing this system using android application for Tablet PC’s.
The front end will be developed using JAVA Android and the backend will work on MySQL
database.
 SMART AUTOMATED RESTAURANT. [13]
Smart Automated Restaurant provides an efficient and user friendly system. This system will solve
key problems faced by restaurants today through the use of technologies such as Mobile and Web
applications, Android applications and cloud computing. Restaurants have much inefficiency due to
human limitations that can be resolved through automation. This Smart Automated Restaurant
accomplishes this by providing two interfaces for the two types of users in restaurants; an Android
mobile application for customers and a web application for restaurant staff members. The Android
mobile application allows customers to have a seamless dining experience with features such as
finding available parking spaces easier through Internet-connected infrared proximity sensors in the
parking lot. Also finding available tables at the restaurant gets easier through the use of sensors.
Ordering dishes through an interactive menu and being able to pay the bill from their Android
phones are some of the other features. The web application provides staff members benefits such as
collecting data and statistics on the restaurants performance in real time and automating the order
placement system for waiters and cooks.

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CHAPTER 3
THEORETICAL OVERVIEW
We describe their theatrical overview of the project. For conveyer system, a DC gear motor device
is used control conveyer belt. This will command to conveyer so that it can do the required task like
moving forward, reverse, and stop. For obstacle system, we used obstacle and motion sensor to
detect any object and Arduino to process the data.
For automatic door opener system, we used motion sensor to detect object and open the door. For
Bluetooth app system, we used smartphone as a transmitter and Bluetooth module as a receiver. By
receiving customer data, Arduino process the data and shown it customer display and kitchen
monitor.
3.1 List of Electrical Component
In this chapter we will discuss various types of equipments. Which we used to build our project, and
these equipments are useful for various projects in our daily life.
3.1.1 Arduino pro Mini:
Figure 3.1: Arduino pro Mini and Arduino Pro Mini Pin Diagram
Arduino pro Mini board is one of application boards. Since it is an application board it does not have
in-built programmer. USB port and other connectors are also removed. Because once it is placed in
an application programmer and connectors are basically useless.
Arduino pro Mini is of two types they are differentiated based on CONTROLLER working voltage.
One is +3.3V and another is +5V. Choose the appropriate board based on application.

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Arduino pro Mini Pin Configuration
Table 3.1: Arduino Pro Mini Pin Configuration
PIN GROUP PIN NAME DESCRIPTION
POWER SOURCE VCC, GND and RAW
VCC - Connected to +5V or +3.3V
GND – Connected to GROUND
RAW – Connected to Unregulated
power supply 5+V to +12V
COMMUNICATION
INTERFACE
UART Interface (RXD, TXD)
SPI Interface (MOSI, MISO, SCK, SS )
TWI Interface(SDA, SCL)
UART (Universal Asynchronous
Receiver Transmitter) Interface can be
used to program PRO MINI
SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)
Interface ban be used to program PRO
MINI
TWI (Two Wire Interface) Interface can
be used to connect peripherals.
INPUT OUTPUT PINS
PD0 to PD7 (8 pins of PORTD)
PB0 to PB5 (6 pins of PORTB)
PC0 to PC6 (7 pins of PORTC)
ADC6 and ADC7(2 additional pins)
Although these 23 pins have many
functions they can be considered as data
I/O pins.
ANALOG to DIGITAL
CONVERTER
ADC0, ADC1, ADC2,…ADC7
These channels can be used to input
Analog signals. There are of 10 bit
resolution.
PWM OC0A,OC0B,OC1A,OC1B,OC2A,OC2B
These six channels can provide PWM
(Pulse Width Modulation) outputs. They
are of 8 bit resolution.
RESET RESET Resets the controller.
EXTERNAL
INTERRUPTS
T0 and T1
These two pins are specially designed
hardware interrupts.
ANALOG
COMPARATOR
AIN0 and AIN1
These two pins are connected to internal
comparator.
Arduino pro Mini Technical Specifications
Table 3.2: Arduino Pro Mini Technical Specification
Microcontroller Atmega328p – 8 BIT AVR controller
Operating Voltage 5V and 3.3V
Raw Voltage input 5V to 12V
Maximum current through each I/O pin 40mA
Maximum total current drawn from chip 200mA
Flash Memory 32KBytes
EEPROM 1KByte
Internal RAM 2Kbytes
Clock Frequency
3.3V --- 8Mhz
5V --- 16Mhz
Operating Temperature -40ºC to +105ºC

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3.1.2 Bluetooth Module
Brief Description on Bluetooth module
The HC-05 is a very cool module which can add two-way (full-duplex) wireless functionality to your
projects. You can use this module to communicate between two microcontrollers like Arduino or
communicate with any device with Bluetooth functionality like a Phone or Laptop. There are many
android applications that are already available which makes this process a lot easier. The module
communicates with the help of USART at 9600 baud rate hence it is easy to interface with any
microcontroller that supports USART. We can also configure the default values of the module by
using the command mode. So if you looking for a Wireless module that could transfer data from your
computer or mobile phone to microcontroller or vice versa then this module might be the right choice
for you. However do not expect this module to transfer multimedia like photos or songs; you might
have to look into the CSR8645 module for that.
Figure 3.2: Bluetooth Module and Bluetooth Module Pinout
Technical Specifications
 Serial Bluetooth module for Arduino and other microcontrollers
 Operating Voltage: 4V to 6V (Typically +5V)
 Operating Current: 30mA
 Range: <100m
 Works with Serial communication (USART) and TTL compatible
 Follows IEEE 802.15.1 standardized protocol
 Uses Frequency-Hopping Spread spectrum (FHSS)
 Can operate in Master, Slave or Master/Slave mode

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 Can be easily interfaced with Laptop or Mobile phones with Bluetooth
 Supported baud rate: 9600,19200,38400,57600,115200,230400,460800.
Pin Configuration
Table 3.3: Bluetooth module Pin Configuration
Pin Name Description
Enable / Key
This pin is used to toggle between Data Mode (set low) and AT command mode
(set high). By default it is in Data mode
Vcc Powers the module. Connect to +5V Supply voltage
Ground Ground pin of module, connect to system ground.
TX – Transmitter
Transmits Serial Data. Everything received via Bluetooth will be given out by this
pin as serial data.
RX – Receiver
Receive Serial Data. Every serial data given to this pin will be broadcasted via
Bluetooth
State
The state pin is connected to on board LED, it can be used as a feedback to check if
Bluetooth is working properly.
LED
Indicates the status of Module
 Blink once in 2 sec: Module has entered Command Mode
 Repeated Blinking: Waiting for connection in Data Mode
 Blink twice in 1 sec: Connection successful in Data Mode
Button Used to control the Key/Enable pin to toggle between Data and command Mode
3.1.3 LCD
Brief Description on LCD modules
LCD modules are very commonly used in most embedded projects, the reason being its cheap price,
availability and programmer friendly. Most of us would have come across these displays in our day to
day life, either at PCO’s or calculators. The appearance and the pinouts have already been visualized
above now let us get a bit technical.
16×2 LCD is named so because; it has 16 Columns and 2 Rows. There are a lot of combinations
available like, 8×1, 8×2, 10×2, 16×1, etc. but the most used one is the 16×2 LCD. So, it will have

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(16×2=32) 32 characters in total and each character will be made of 5×8 Pixel Dots. A Single
character with all its Pixels is shown in the below picture.
Now, we know that each character has (5×8=40) 40 Pixels and for 32 Characters we will have
(32×40) 1280 Pixels. Further, the LCD should also be instructed about the Position of the Pixels.
Hence it will be a hectic task to handle everything with the help of MCU, hence an Interface IC like
HD44780 is used, which is mounted on the backside of the LCD Module itself. The function of this
IC is to get the Commands and Data from the MCU and process them to display meaningful
information onto our LCD Screen. You can learn how to interface an LCD using the above
mentioned links. If you are an advanced programmer and would like to create your own library for
interfacing your Microcontroller with this LCD module then you have to understand the HD44780 IC
is working and commands which can be found its datasheet.
Figure 3.3: LCD and Pinout
Features of 16×2 LCD module
 Operating Voltage is 4.7V to 5.3V
 Current consumption is 1mA without backlight
 Alphanumeric LCD display module, meaning can display alphabets and numbers
 Consists of two rows and each row can print 16 characters.
 Each character is build by a 5×8 pixel box
 Can work on both 8-bit and 4-bit mode
 It can also display any custom generated characters
 Available in Green and Blue Backlight

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Pin Configuration
Table 3.4: LCD module Pin Configuration
Pin No: Pin Name: Description
1 Vss (Ground) Ground pin connected to system ground
2 Vdd (+5 Volt) Powers the LCD with +5V (4.7V – 5.3V)
3 VE (Contrast V)
Decides the contrast level of display. Grounded to get maximum
contrast.
4 Register Select Connected to Microcontroller to shit between command/data register
5 Read/Write Used to read or write data. Normally grounded to write data to LCD
6 Enable
Connected to Microcontroller Pin and toggled between 1 and 0 for
data acknowledgement
7 Data Pin 0
Data pins 0 to 7 forms a 8-bit data line. They can be connected to
Microcontroller to send 8-bit data.
These LCD’s can also operate on 4-bit mode in such case Data pin
4,5,6 and 7 will be left free.
8 Data Pin 1
9 Data Pin 2
10 Data Pin 3
11 Data Pin 4
12 Data Pin 5
13 Data Pin 6
14 Data Pin 7
15 LED Positive Backlight LED pin positive terminal
16 LED Negative Backlight LED pin negative terminal
3.1.4 Servo Motor
A servo motor is an electrical device which can push or rotate an object with great precision. If you
want to rotate and object at some specific angles or distance, then you use servo motor. It is just
made up of simple motor which run through. If motor is used is DC powered then it is called DC
servo motor, and if it is AC powered motor then it is called AC servo motor. We can get a very high
torque servo motor in a small and light weight packages. Doe to these features they are being used in
many applications like toy car, RC helicopters and planes, Robotics, Machine etc.
Controlling Servo Motor: Servo motor is controlled by PWM (Pulse with Modulation) which is
provided by the control wires. There is a minimum pulse, a maximum pulse and a repetition rate.
Servo motor can turn 90 degree from either direction form its neutral position. The servo motor
expects to see a pulse every 20 milliseconds ( ms ) and the length of the pulse will determine how far
the motor turns.

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Figure 3.4: Servo motor and Servo Motor Pinout
For example, a 1.5ms pulse will make the motor turn to the 90° position, such as if pulse is shorter
than 1.5ms shaft moves to 0° and if it is longer than 1.5ms than it will turn the servo to 180°. Servo
motor works on PWM (Pulse width modulation) principle, means its angle of rotation is controlled by
the duration of applied pulse to its Control PIN. Basically servo motor is made up of DC motor which
is controlled by a variable resistor (potentiometer) and some gears. High speed force of DC motor is
converted into torque by Gears. We know that WORK= FORCE X DISTANCE, in DC motor Force
is less and distance (speed) is high and in Servo, force is High and distance is less. Potentiometer is
connected to the output shaft of the Servo, to calculate the angle and stop the DC motor on required
angle.
Figure 3.5: Pulse Width Modulation
All servo motors work directly with your +5V supply rails but we have to be careful on the amount
of current the motor would consume, if you are planning to use more than two servo motors a proper
servo shield should be designed.

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3.1.5 Motion Sensor
Brief Description on Motion Sensor
The PIR sensor stands for Passive Infrared sensor. It is a low cost sensor which can detect the
presence of Human beings or animals. This sensor has three output pins Vcc, Output and Ground as
shown in the pin diagram above. Since the output pin is 3.3V TTL logic it can be used with any
platforms like Arduino, Raspberry, PIC, ARM, 8051 etc..
The module can be powered from voltage 4.5V to 20V but, typically 5V is used. Once the module is
powered allow the module to calibrate itself for few minutes, 2 minutes is a well settled time. Then
observe the output on the output pin. Before we analyse the output we need to know that there are
two operating modes in this sensor such as Repeatable (H) and Non- Repeatable (L) and mode. The
Repeatable mode is the default mode.
The output of the sensor can be set by shorting any two pins on the left of the module as shown
below. You can also notice two orange colour potentiometers that can be used to set the sensitivity
and time which will be explained further below.
Figure 3.6: Motion sensor
Pin Configuration
Table 3.5: Motion Sensor Pin Configuration
Pin
Number
1 Vcc Input voltage is +5V for typical applications. Can range from 4.5V- 12V
2
High/Low
Ouput (Dout)
Digital pulse high (3.3V) when triggered (motion detected) digital
low(0V) when idle(no motion detected
3 Ground Connected to ground of circuit

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PIR Sensor Features
 Wide range on input voltage varying from 4.V to 12V (+5V recommended)
 Output voltage is High/Low (3.3V TTL)
 Can distinguish between object movement and human movement
 Has to operating modes - Repeatable(H) and Non- Repeatable(H)
 Cover distance of about 120° and 7 meters
 Low power consumption of 65mA
 Operating temperature from -20° to +80° Celsius.
3.1.6 Obstacle Sensor
Brief about Obstacle Sensor
The Obstacle sensor module consists mainly of the IR Transmitter and Receiver, Opamp, Variable
Resistor (Trimmer pot), output LED in brief.
 IR LED Transmitter
IR LED emits light, in the range of Infrared frequency. IR light is invisible to us as its wavelength
(700nm – 1mm) is much higher than the visible light range. IR LEDs have light emitting angle of
approx. 20-60 degree and range of approx. few centimeters to several feets, it depends upon the type
of IR transmitter and the manufacturer. Some transmitters have the range in kilometers. IR LED
white or transparent in colour, so it can give out amount of maximum light.
 Photodiode Receiver
Photodiode acts as the IR receiver as its conducts when light falls on it. Photodiode is a
semiconductor which has a P-N junction, operated in Reverse Bias, means it start conducting the
current in reverse direction when Light falls on it, and the amount of current flow is proportional to
the amount of Light. This property makes it useful for IR detection. Photodiode looks like a LED,
with a black colour coating on its outer side, Black colour absorbs the highest amount of light.

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 LM358 Opamp
LM358 is an Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) is used as voltage comparator in the IR sensor. the
comparator will compare the threshold voltage set using the preset (pin2) and the photodiode’s series
resistor voltage (pin3).
 Photodiode’s series resistor voltage drop > Threshold voltage = Opamp output is High
 Photodiode’s series resistor voltage drop < Threshold voltage = Opamp output is Low
When Opamp's output is high the LED at the Opamp output terminal turns ON (Indicating the
detection of Object).
 Variable Resistor
The variable resistor used here is a preset. It is used to calibrate the distance range at which object
should be detected.
Figure 3.7: Obostacle Sensor and Pinout
Pin Configuration
Table 3.6: Obstacle Sensor Pin Configuration
VCC Power Supply Input
GND Power Supply Ground
OUT Active High Output

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3.1.7 Push Button
Brief about Push Button
A push-button (also spelled pushbutton) or simply button is a simple switch mechanism for
controlling some aspect of a machine or a process. Buttons are typically made out of hard material,
usually plastic or metal.
Figure 3.8: Push Button
An electric switch is a device that interrupts the electron flow in a circuit. Switches are primarily
binary devices: either fully on or off and light switches have a simple design. When the switch is
turned off, the circuit breaks and the power flow is interrupted. Circuits consist of a source of
power and load.
3.1.8 Power Supply
Brief about Power Supply
The step-down converters are used for converting the high voltage into low voltage. The
converter with output voltage less than the input voltage is called as a step-down converter, and
the converter with output voltage greater than the input voltage is called as step-up converter.
There are step-up and step-down transformers which are used to step up or step down the
voltage levels. 230V AC is converted into 12V AC using a step-down transformer.
Figure 3.9 Power Supply

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CHAPTER 4
BLOCK DIAGRAM
4.1 Block Diagram
Power supply is given to the power at microcontroller and DC gear motor. Microcontroller Control
Servo motor and Kitchen Computer. The obstacle sensor used here and shares the signal with the
microcontroller. Main Focus of the Project is Conveyer Belt, and it is rotated by DC gear motors.
There will be two slots in the conveyer belt, one slot will be served on the adjacent food and the
other will be kept in the West Plate. There will be kitchen and table connections with the conveyer
belt. There will be a display and mobile app on the table, the customer will order submit through the
Bluetooth apps. The Bluetooth app offers all types of menu lists and food prices and submissions
will show up in the kitchen monitor and it will be cooked. Bluetooth modules have been used to
accomplish this process, which is related to the App and Kitchen monitor. According to the table,
the conveyer belt will serve it on the indented table. After the meal the customers will place plates
in the West slot and press the button, the conveyor belt will bake and take it to the kitchen. Fig. 4.1
denoted the block diagram of this project
Figure 4.1: Block diagram of project

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4.2 Flow Chart
Fig: 4.2 represent the flow chart diagram of the process. Data can be send from the Mobile App or
Android APP. Customer select items from app menu. Next step is ordering, there is two section one
is check Bill and estimating time and Pay bill, another one is check on display. Food select and
sended from kitchen. Arduino process the data and check data. If any more order select YES and
start processing again and if select NO return waste and show on the display YES or NO. If NO
return again and if YES return waste and process End.
Figure 4.2 Flowchart of working process.

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4.3 Schematic diagram
This chapter provides the necessary information for simulated circuit design and its functional
output. Hardware implementation with input sensors defines the mechanism of this chapter. To
make the project more efficient, different values are taken as a short survey and a comparison is
shown to find the defect.
Figure 4.3: Circuit diagram of the prototype model
4.3.1 Circuit Operation
Arduino Pro Mini is the brain of this project. One Arduino are used in the project for
controlling purpose. Here used a power supply, which converts the AC current. Servo motor used
for open the door process complete by motion sensor. Used a Bluetooth module for data transmitting
and receving. Have a mobile App for sharing which customer choose food menu. A DC gear motor
used for conveyer. Obstacle sensor used for detect object. Arduino process the data, four data pin
(D5-D8) connected with the LCD data pin (D4-D7). LCD screen is programmed with the Arduino
code to show the output. To active the device VDD pin has connected to the supply voltage and VSS
pin has connected to the ground.

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4.3.2 Working Principle
This is a full circuit diagram of the working project. There are no wire is required to send data.
The connecting wire is use for power supply. One Arduino are used in the project for
controlling purpose. For data is transmitting and receiving used a Bluetooth module it connects
Arduion, mobile App and share data, Arduino decode the data and shown into the LCD display. The
LCD screen is connected as an output device for notification.
4.3.3 Circuit Application
 Conveying system
 Bottle filling system
 Products shifting
 Packaging system

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CHAPTER 5
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 Body design
This is the part which we used to design the Cafeteria. We also used PVC board,
Aluminum sheet to make the device with a good shape.
Figure 5.1: Front Side View Figure 5.2: Back Side view
B
Figure 5.3: Full Circuit View

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5.2 Software Description
Smart Restaurants is an affordable App solution for both restaurants and takeaways to have a unique
App to promote their business, advertise the food which they provide and allow customers to easily
order from.
At Smart Restaurants we have developed a range of Apps to work on both iPhone and Android so
that restaurants and takeaways can have an App to allow customers to download onto their smart
phone. Once they have downloaded the App they can then view the menu, add various food and
drink items to a basket and then easily place an order. This order is then sent through to the
restaurant or takeaway and will either be received through the printer we can provide or through the
Smart Ordering App, where the order can be viewed on either a smart phone or a tablet.
For the software development, the Visual Studio (VB) 6.0 software is used to design the Graphical
User Interfacing (GUI) of the project. Microsoft® Visual Studio® 6.0 is a powerful developer tools
suite for Windows and Web applications. The VB software is used to display the menu order from
customer at the computer screen. Another software was used is C language. The C language is used
to write a source codes for this microcontroller which is then will be compiled. When the program
can be successfully run no error in the source code, then the microcontroller will be programmed.
5.3 Hardware
 Touch-screen device
 Card swipe device
 Any general purpose Desktop

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CHAPTER 6
FUTURE WORK AND CONCLUSION
We know every system has some advantage or disadvantage. So our project will also have
very good practical advantage and some limitations which we called it disadvantages.
6.1 Applications
 Hospitals and public places
 Institutions and office
 At Home
 At airports
 In factories
 In restaurants
6.2 Advantages
 Make the ordering process easier.
 Efficient customer and order management.
 Monitoring expenses incurred in real time.
 Better customer service.
 Restaurant need to hired more waiters to maintain their reputation
 Service and restaurant is slow
 Restaurant need to pay their employee every month
 Basic wage of employee increases in country recent
6.3 Benefits
 Improved restaurant standard service
 Guarantee of customer comfortability
 Make customers more interested.
 Reduce number of payment for employee.
 Gain Profit.
 Restaurant become famous when use technology modern system.

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6.4 Disadvantages
 Expensive
 More Space Required
 Potential Job Losses
 Initial Investment Costs
 Hiring Skilled Staff
6.5 Future Enhancement
 Through this project, we worked on how fast food and how much food can be
served without disturbance.
 In this project we used the Bluetooth communication system. It is managed by an
Android app.
 Here we use arduino, Bluetooth module, LCD, sensor.
 We hope that at a very low cost in the smart cafe, we can serve food in less time.
6.6 Conclusion
Thus, if this system is implemented then the customer can easily order the food item without the
need of the server and without any error. It is recommended that use of touch screen instead of the
Mobile App and LCD screen. It can also include a module which provide greetings to the customer
such as showing welcome and thank you to the customer and using any money payment method to
pay the bill amount to respective account of the owner.
Integrating features of all the hardware components used have been developed in it. Presence of
every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully, thus contributing to the best working of
the unit. Secondly, using highly advanced device with the help of growing technology, the project
has been successfully implemented. Smart restaurant is developed in order to provide easy
interaction between customers through wireless technology. Thus the project has been successfully
designed and tested. Similarly, the system can also be implemented with Graphical LCD for
displaying the menu as we have used android phone. However the system becomes more bulky and
delicate to handle because each table is going to consist of such module for ordering.

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REFERENCES
 Jun Zheng and Abbas Jamalipour, “Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks”, Book: Wireless
Sensor Networks: A Networking Perspective, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2009.
 Vijay Garg “Wireless Communication and Networking” 1st
Edition Imprint:Morgan Kaufmann
Print Book ISBN :9780123735805
 Thirumurugan J, Kartheeswaran G, Vinoth M, Vishwanathan M. Line Following Robot for Library
Inventory Management System;2015. Coimbatore, India: Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology.
IEEE. p. 1-3.
 Juhana Jauhiainen ,Sakari Pieska, , Antti Auno , Markus Liuska , Antti Auno Intelligent Restaurant
System Smart- menu CogInfoCom 2013, 4th
IEEE Conference on Cognitive Info communications,
December , 2013 , Budapest, Hungary.
 Bajestani SEM & Vosoughinia A. Technical Report of Building a Line Follower Robot. 2015
International Conference on Electronics and Information Engineering (ICEIE 2010); 2015. p. V1-1
– V1-5.
 Website: www.businessinsider.com, June-July 2019
 A book named “Robot Restaurant Redux” written by Hunter.S.Thompson.
 A book named “Robotics:A Refence guide to the new technology” written by Joseph A.Angelo Jr.
 Ashutosh Bhargave, Niranjan Jadhav, Apurva Joshi, Prachi Oke, Prof. Mr. S. R Lahane,Department
of Computer Engineering, GES’s RHSCOE, International Journal of Scientific and Research
Publications, Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2013
 Website: www.ijareeie.com Vol. 6, Issue 3, June-July 2019
 Arduino Pro Mini pinout datasheet [Online] Available:
https://www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-components/arduino-pro-mini-pinout/
 LCD working principal, Image, Pinout [Online] Available: https://www.elprocus.com/ever-
wondered-lcdworks/
 Dhanashree Mirgal1, Pranjali Parab2, Amey Puro3, Bhawana Dakhare4, B.E Student1, 2, 3,
Assistant Professor4, Department of Information Technology, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of
Engineering, Mumbai, India.2018
 A.Lasek,N.Cercone,J.Saunders Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,
Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada Fuseforward Solutions
Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada Available online 17 June 2016
 International Journal of Converging Technologies & Management, Volume 4, Issue 1, 2018
1Neelima Mishra,2Dinesh Goyal,3Ashish Dutt Sharma
 Juhana Jauhiainen at Centria University of Applied Sciences, Cognitive Infocommunications
(CogInfoCom), 2013 IEEE 4th International Conference on Cite this publication Sakari Pieskä at
Centria University of Applied Sciences, Ylivieska, Finland

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APPENDIX
INSTRUCTION CODE FOR PROGECT
sbit LCD_RS at RB3_bit;
sbit LCD_EN at RB2_bit;
sbit LCD_D4 at RB4_bit;
sbit LCD_RS_Direction at TRISB3_bit;
sbit LCD_EN_Direction at TRISB2_bit;
sbit LCD_D4_Direction at TRISB4_bit;
#define servo RE0_bit
#define motorA RE1_bit
#define motorB RE2_bit
#define butt1 RD0_bit
#define irSensor1 RD4_bit
short checkpoint = 0;
const char txt1[] = "Welcome to Automated";
const char txt2[] = "Smart Cafeteria";
const char txt3[] = "Order Accepted";
const char txt4[] = "Wait for order";
const char txt5[] = "For return waste";
const char txt6[] = "press the button";
const char txt7[] = "For wait for";
const char txt8[] = "next order";
char txt[17];
void select_lcd(short n){
if(n == 1){
TRISB0_bit = 1;
TRISB1_bit = 0;
delay_ms(1);
lcd_init();
Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CURSOR_OFF);

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}
else{
TRISB0_bit = 0;
TRISB1_bit = 1;
delay_ms(1);
lcd_init();
Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CURSOR_OFF);
}
}
void servoRotate0(){
unsigned int i;
for(i=0;i<50;i++){
servo = 1;
Delay_us(800);
servo = 0;
Delay_us(19200);
}
}
void servoRotate90() {
unsigned int i;
for(i=0;i<50;i++){
servo = 1;
Delay_us(1500);
servo = 0;
Delay_us(18500);
}
}
void motorOff(){
motorA = 0;
motorB = 0;
}
void motorClock(){
motorA = 1;
motorB = 0;
}
void motorAntiClock(){
motorA = 0;
motorB = 1;
}
void strConstCopy(char *dest, const char *source) {
while(*source)
*dest++ = *source++;
*dest = 0;
}
void defaultLcd(){
select_lcd(1);
strConstCopy(txt, txt1);
lcd_out(1,1, txt);

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lcd_out(2,1, txt);
select_lcd(2);
lcd_out(1,1, txt);
lcd_out(2,1, txt);
}
void main() {
ADCON1 = 7;
CMCON = 7;
TRISD = 0xff;
TRISE = 0x00;
motorOff();
servoRotate0();
defaultLcd();
delay_ms(1000);
while(1){
if(irSensor1 == 0){
servoRotate90();
delay_ms(5000);
servoRotate0();
}
if(butt1 == 1 && checkpoint == 0){
checkpoint = 1;
motorClock();
select_lcd(1);
Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR);
lcd_out(2,1, txt);
select_lcd(2);
lcd_out(2,1, txt);
delay_ms(300);
}
if(irSensor2 == 0 && checkpoint == 1){
checkpoint = 2;
motorOff();
select_lcd(1);
lcd_out(1,1, txt);
lcd_out(2,1, txt);
delay_ms(300);
}

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checkpoint = 3;
motorAntiClock();
delay_ms(300);
}
checkpoint = 4;
motorOff();
delay_ms(300);
}
checkpoint = 5;
motorClock();
select_lcd(2);
lcd_out(2,1, txt);
select_lcd(1);
lcd_out(2,1, txt);
delay_ms(300);
}
checkpoint = 6;
motorOff();
delay_ms(300);
}
checkpoint = 7;
select_lcd(1);
lcd_out(1,1, txt);
lcd_out(2,1, txt);
select_lcd(2);
lcd_out(1,1, txt);
lcd_out(2,1, txt);
delay_ms(300);
}
checkpoint = 8;
motorAntiClock();
defaultLcd();

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delay_ms(300);
}
checkpoint = 0;
motorOff();
}
}
}

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