This document provides information on several existing buildings in Staunton, Virginia that could serve as examples to inform the design of new buildings. It describes 4 buildings on Lewis Street that were constructed between the 1920s-1940s based on their materials and architectural styles. The document recommends preserving and reusing historic buildings in the area and refers to one in particular from the 1920s that had an open-air design allowing natural light, known as "daylight construction".

1. tagged - Existing
tagged - Demolished

2. Staunton’s roadside architecture is noted:
http://www.roadarch.com/gas/vacan.html
http://www.roadarch.com/gas/va.html

3. Materials:
 Brick
 Stucco
 concrete
 Glass – multi-divided light windows and
doors
 Prism Glass
 Paneled doors – stylized hardware
 Metal roofs
 Glazed ceramic wall caps
Details:
 Parapets
 Glass/steel/wood storefronts
 Steel beams
 Brick and concrete pilasters and columns
 Multi-paneled garage doors with bands of glass
 Sign poles with bases, fluted columns, decorative
projecting sing brackets and period light fixtures
 Bands of exterior light bulb sockets
 Roof beams under overhangs
 Large glass curtain wall panels
Styles - most are vernacular adaptations or corporate
adaptations of the periods between 1914-1949, but also
mid-century modern and modern styles.
 Mission / Spanish Revival
 Tudor Revival
 Art Deco
 Colonial Revival
 Prairie Style?
 International

4. Recommendations for Buildings:
Existing Buildings as Design Sources
The Comprehensive Plan includes the protection of historic structures in changing areas as a policy goal.
Staunton’s unique cultural and historic characteristics are expressed in its remaining commercial build-
ings, industrial buildings, residences, cemeteries, site elements, and site configurations. While the En-
trance Corridor Overlay District does not require the preservation of these buildings, we hope to encour-
age their retention and creative re-use, as well as offer them as examples for helping determine the char-
acter of future development and re-development projects on Greenville Avenue.
Buildings remaining from early points in the history of the street contribute to the character, mark the
growth and location of the local community, and refer to cultural content in a manner that cannot be re-
placed or duplicated. Because of their value to the community, the adaptive re-use of existing historic
buildings and site structures is encouraged in the Entrance Corridor Overlay District. Federal assistance
through the National Park Service for the rehabilitation of historic buildings not located in historic dis-
tricts may be available for property owners; contact http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/tax/
brochure1.htm#10 for additional information. Staunton City and Virginia State incentives may be avail-
able for the rehabilitation of existing buildings for use as businesses in portions of the Entrance Corridor
District overlapping the City’s Enterprise Zones; please refer to the Staunton City web site for further
information. http://www.staunton.va.us
The intent of this section of the design guidelines is to improve the quality of new and re-developed
buildings. The Entrance Corridor Overlay District ordinance requires the design of adaptive re-use and
newly constructed buildings based the scale, massing, materials, and construction methodology and
manner of negotiating changes in elevation of near-by historic resources. Included below are examples
of existing buildings with characteristics that may be used to inform new building design. Please note
the replication of historic buildings is not encouraged; mimicking historic architecture may contribute to
a misleading sense of historic development.
116 North Lewis Street; appears in 1954 aerials; 116 is not listed as an address in the 1957-58
Staunton City Directory: This building is constructed of painted brick with half columns placed at
regular intervals, extending above the roof line with triangle shapes. The top third of the total façade
height is comprised of a solid brick panel divided into 3/4 and 1/4 widths with a string course. At some
point in the buildings history the half columns on Lewis Street façade were cut, removed, and the area
filled with masonry; a garage door has been inserted on the Baldwin Street side of the building. Despite
these alterations, it appears the lower two thirds of the Lewis Street and Baldwin Street façades were
originally comprised multiple glass panes and doors. With large sections of the original façades still in
tact, large panels of multi-pane glass are featured over either single doorways or multiple door panels
intended to open wide for vehicles. The total square footage of this building is 9,720.
22
211 North Lewis Street; appears in 1954 aerials; 211 is not listed as an address in the 1957-58
Staunton City Directory: Currently operated as warehouse space for “Fireplaces and Things” this
building includes a tablet with the name Hamrick and Co. at the top of the front façade. This building
spans the full width of the block, with the “Fireplaces and Things” retail space located at the opposite
end of the building on the east side of Central Avenue. Comprised of unpainted brick, this building fea-
tures several multi-pane windows, a stepped front parapet with a tile coping, and a flat roof. The garage
door located on the Lewis Street elevation likely replaced wooden doors with multi-pane windows. The
total square footage of this building is approximately 9,000.
213 North Lewis Street; appears in 1954 aerials; 213-215 are listed in the 1957-58 Staunton City
Directory as the back entrance for Coiner Parts Company, Inc.: This building shares a party wall
with 211 and is currently operated as an auto repair shop. Unlike 211, this property extends half way
through the width of the block, though the description in the 1957-58 Staunton City Directory suggests
the adjacent building may have included a through connection to Central Avenue at some point in the
buildings history. Comprised of painted and unpainted brick, this building also features several multi-
pane windows. The stepped front parapet includes a curved central section with three panels on the wall
below. The garage door located on the Lewis Street elevation is likely a replacement. The total square
footage of this building is approximately 3,700.

5. Built between 1929
– 1949
1934 – Whiting Oil
Co. Filling Station
1938 – Continental
Filling Station

6. Built between 1921 – 1929
Redstar (Lineweaver) Filling Station #2

7. Augusta and Churchville
intersection 1950
Robby’s Imports
J.J. Kivlighan’s

8. 627 N Augusta
Built between 1938 and
1949

9. Designed in 1935
for J.J. Kivlighan

10. After 1938 – before 1949
Gable roof later addition
South Section is original
North section later addition
Note period light/sign pole
Brick sidewalk/driveway with mortared joints under asphalt – is noted in details on
design for for J.J. Kivlighan - and is in correct location

12. 1929
1949

13. HSF Inventory Photo
1978
Standard Oil Gas Station here in 1934 and noted on Sanborn built between 1921- 1929
However façade of Dominos indicates a later building – note display window infill – 1970 map
does confirm a later station

16. Constructed between 1921-1929
Alterations by Collins Firm- 1936

18. Daylight Construction
http://www.buffaloah.com/a/archsty/daylight/index.html
American architect Albert Kahn played a significant role in expanding the applications for reinforced concrete after 1903. Some have argued that Kahn was more of an
engineer than an architect, but it is this disciplinary marriage that produced the reinforced concrete frame that Kahn employed to allow broad, clear spaces for the
operation of production lines in American automobile factories. This form reached a high point in Kahn's Building #10 done for the Packard Motor Car Company on East
Grand Boulevard in Detroit. There the reinforced concrete frame held the loads so that the perimeter walls of the factory could be filled with glass to allow natural light
to penetrate into the interior workspaces, thus giving birth to the "Daylight Factory."
West Section (116 Baldwin Street):
This section of the property consists of an automobile sales and service garage built between 1921 and 1929. It is constructed with a concrete floor and concrete pier
bases. Brick piers support metal bow trusses that provide a clear span of the building footprint. Large iron I-beams span between the brick piers. The structure allows for
floor to ceiling steel grid and glass window units creating daylight construction.
At the corner of Baldwin and Lewis, the once open bays have been filled with concrete block. Original marquee light fixtures line the I-beams above the once open corner
bays.
The building is documented in the 1949 “The Staunton News-Leader and The Evening Leader, Present Pictorially Staunton and Augusta County, Virginia”
The building was the Erwin Motor Company, Inc. at Baldwin and Lewis Streets. Organized by H.G. Erwin in 1927. Specializing in General Motor trucks and parts with a full
repair and service department. As noted in the 1929 Rotogravure, the Erwin Motor Company was also located on North Market Street next to the Stonewall Jackson
Hotel. This building was demolished for the construction of the Blackfriars Theatre.
Corner Filling Station:
Note in the 1949 photo how the corner of the building is open with driveway curb cuts at the street.
A portion of the interior brick wall with steel window at the west end of the building is still in place. The wall can be seen in the 1949 photo behind the pickup truck. This
corner of the building appears to have been a filling station. The photo below has been converted to gray scale, cropped with high contrast and brightness applied. This
process illuminated the gas pumps and more of the interior walls. The open bays seen in the 1949 photo have been filled with concrete block.

21. Holiday Inn and Goodyear Tire Built – 1964 = 52 years old……
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holiday_Inn
The first Holiday Inn opened at 4925 Summer Avenue in Memphis, the main highway to
Nashville, in August 1952 as Holiday Inn Hotel Courts. In the early 1990s, it was
demolished, but there is a plaque commemorating the site.
By the beginning of 1956, there were 23 Holiday Inns operating with seven more due to
open by year's end. In 1957 Wilson began franchising the chain as "Holiday Inn of
America", mandating its properties be standardized, clean, predictable, family-friendly, and
readily accessible to road travellers. The chain grew dramatically as a result, with 50
locations across the country by 1958, 100 by 1959, 500 by 1964, and the 1,000th Holiday
Inn, in San Antonio, Texas, in 1968.
Holiday Court built 1966 (Photo 1976)

23. Built – 1971 = 45 Years old
Modern adaptation of Prairie Style

24. Built between 1921 – 1929
Whiting Oil Company Inc. and Filing Station
HSF Arch. Inventory 1978

25. Augusta County Garages
Red brick = 1921-1929
Brown brick front – After 1929
Prior to 1938 – Listed as
Craig's Filling Station in
1938 Directory
Mission Style?

26. Listed as the Atlantic Service
Station in 1934 Directory

27. Staunton spectator and vindicator., February 17, 1911, Image 3
About Staunton spectator and vindicator. (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916
BUYING MOTOR CARS;
Spring Weather Has Its Effect in Increasing Number of Sales
In addition to furnishing an early indication that Spring is on the way, the ideal weather of the last
several days has had a most beneficial effect on certain lines of business, particularly the automobile
business. Perfect days such as Staunton has been experiencing all this week, bring visions of the season
which is not far distant life out of doors.
Acting under this influence motorists are beginning to plan early excursions, and in anticipation thereof
are getting their machines into shape, while others who have resisted till now the temptation to don the
goggles, have finally yielded and have placed hurry orders for cars. Among those who have placed
orders with the Beverley Garage Company are Dr. M. J. Payne, J. Harry Worthington and D. L. Switzer,
of Staunton, and D. D. Royer, of Crimora and Dr. Strother, of Scottsville. Dr. Payne will have a Chalmers
80 horsepower roadster, Mr. Worthington has ordered an Autocar, while Mr. Switzer will find place in his
present garage for an Oldsmobile. Dr. Strother has ordered a roadster, also a touring car and Mr. Royer
will take unto himself an Autocar.

28. The first automobile ads that appeared in the local paper, Dispatch and News, starting in
1907.
Jake Baugher [Beverley Garage] and Audley E. Harnsberger [Central garage].
Barger was first, selling the Rambler, later went with the Maxwell. At the same time he was
running a skating rink on Central Avenue, near Baldwin as his ads stated.
Harnsberger started a few weeks later. He was among the first five FORD dealers in Virginia.
Later he went with Studebaker.
Their approach in competing via ads was a bit humorous.
W.W. Gibbs came along later.
Naturally this has evolved from the Grandma Moses research. One of her earliest paintings,
The First Automobile, came from her memory of seeing an automobile for the first time. It
belonged to Harnsberger and according to his GGrandson it was a 1903 Searchmont. This
Moses painting was among three of her paintings which were part of an exhibition at the
Museum of Modern Art in in the year 1939. This was the first exhibition in which Grandma's
paintings appeared. Ironically, this was the same year in which Harnsberger died.
Frank Johnston

29. Roanoke Virginia – auto thematic designation
http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Roanoke/128-
6361_Historic_Gas_Stations_Roanoke_MPD_2012_NRHP_draft_REVISED.pdf
Pure Eats offers fresh, house-made doughnuts, premium local burgers,
HomeStead Creamery milkshakes, and a variety of local and regional
craft beers on tap and in bottles. Pure Eats doughnuts are legendary,
and their burgers are consistently rated the best in the Shenadoah
Valley.
The restaurant is in an old Pure Oil gas station building; notice the
clever redesign of the "Pure" logo. Come in and enjoy good food in a
casual atmosphere
Carlin’s Amaco Station Roanoke VA
The Williamson Road Carlin’s Amoco across from Berglund Chevrolet was founded in 1947 and was
restored by Todd Band, a 25-year employee of Berglund Automotive Group. The historic building won the
annual Roanoke Valley Preservation Foundation award Thursday. It complements Berglund’s
commitment to preserving the automobile history and culture on Williamson Road as well as their
participation in special events that include antique car shows and the annual Star City Motor Madness
Cruise Night.
We Have Potential!

30. Scotts Addition – Richmond VA From Wikipedia, The Scott's Addition Historic District is a national historic district located in Richmond, Virginia. The district encompasses 284 contributing buildings, 2
contributing structure, and 2 contributing objects in a largely commercial and industrial section of Richmond. It was largely developed after 1900, and includes representative examples of the Colonial Revival,
Classical Revival, and Art Deco styles. Notable buildings include the Jones Motor Car Company (1926), the former Cadillac and LaSalle dealership (1928), Radio WMBG Broadcasting Station (1938), Boulevard
Baptist Church (c. 1916), China-American Tobacco & Trading Company Warehouse (1920), National Biscuit Factory (Nabisco) (1923), G. F. O'Connell House (1920), State Planters Bank & Trust Company (1948),
Chevrolet Parts Depot (General Motors Corporation) warehouse and training center (1929), Cavalier Arena Skating Rink (1940), the Binswanger Glass Factory (1946), Mid-Atlantic Coca-Cola Bottling Company
Inc. (1953), and the Seaboard Building (1956).[3]
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.[1]
http://theurbanfarmhouse.net/scotts-addition/