Autacoids are diverse substances produced by a wide variety of cells in the body, having intense biological activity,
but generally act locally (e.g. within inflammatory pockets)
at the site of synthesis and release
General introduction about the autocoids like Function of Autocoids and it's classification and Introduction about the Ecosanoids, Histamine part having introduction, Properties, Mode of Action, Adverse Effect, Biosynthesis and metabolism all in a simple manner with related questions.
General introduction about the autocoids like Function of Autocoids and it's classification and Introduction about the Ecosanoids, Histamine part having introduction, Properties, Mode of Action, Adverse Effect, Biosynthesis and metabolism all in a simple manner with related questions.
Histamine, meaning ‘tissue amine’ (histos—tissue) is almost ubiquitously present in animal tissues and in certain plants, e.g. stinging nettle. Its pharmacology was studied in detail by Dale in the beginning of the 20th century when close parallelism was noted between its actions and the manifestations of certain allergic reactions. It was implicated as a mediator of hypersensitivity phenomena and tissue injury reactions. It is now known to play important physiological roles.
Autacoids - pharmacological actions and drugs related to them. SIVASWAROOP YARASI
Autacoids or "autocoids" are biological factors which act like local hormones, have a brief duration, and act near the site of synthesis. The word autacoids comes from the Greek "autos" (self) and "acos" (relief, i.e. drug).
Histamine, meaning ‘tissue amine’ (histos—tissue) is almost ubiquitously present in animal tissues and in certain plants, e.g. stinging nettle. Its pharmacology was studied in detail by Dale in the beginning of the 20th century when close parallelism was noted between its actions and the manifestations of certain allergic reactions. It was implicated as a mediator of hypersensitivity phenomena and tissue injury reactions. It is now known to play important physiological roles.
Autacoids - pharmacological actions and drugs related to them. SIVASWAROOP YARASI
Autacoids or "autocoids" are biological factors which act like local hormones, have a brief duration, and act near the site of synthesis. The word autacoids comes from the Greek "autos" (self) and "acos" (relief, i.e. drug).
Autacoids.pptx They have also been called’ local hormones’. However, they di...GirishKashid
Autacoid:
This term is derived from Greek: autos-self, akos-healing substance or remedy.
These are diverse substances produced by a wide Variety of cells in the body, having intense biological activity, but generally act locally (e.g. within inflammatory pockets) at the site of synthesis and release.
Eicosanoids, from the Greek eicosa (“twenty”) are formed from precursor essential fatty acids that contain 20 carbons
Eicosanoids and PAF lipids function as signaling molecules in many biological processes, including the regulation of vascular tone, renal function, hemostasis, parturition, GI mucosal integrity, and stem cell function.
Eicosanoids are the most universally distributed autacoids in the body.Practically every cell and tissue is capable of synthesizing one or more types of PGs or LTs
Hello friends. In this PPT I am talking about Autacoids. If you like it, please do let me know in the comments section. A single word of appreciation from you will encourage me to make more of such videos. Thanks. Enjoy and welcome to the beautiful world of pharmacology where pharmacology comes to life. This video is intended for MBBS, BDS, paramedical and any person who wishes to have a basic understanding of the subject in the simplest way.
To have complete understanding kindly use my other presentations on distribution
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Here I have discussed distribution of drug through BBB, Placenta and Plasma Protein Binding, and redistribution
Pharmacology of Semi synthetic Penicillins Vijay Kevlani
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Here I have discussed various penicillins like acid resistant, beta lactamase resistant penicillins, Beta lactamase inhibitor penicillins, broad spectrum penicillins
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Here I have discussed pharmacology of penicillin G.
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Here I have discussed mecahnism of action of penicillin (all beta lactam antibiotics)
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Here I have discussed all the first to fifth generation cephalosporins.
Histamine: Turnover, Release and Receptor Vijay Kevlani
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Histamine, means 'tissue amine'. It is almost present in all animal tissues and in certain plants e.g. stinging nettle.
Drug Distribution & Factors Affecting DistributionVijay Kevlani
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Drug distribution is the process by which a drug reversibly leaves the bloodstream and enters the interstitium (extracellular fluid) and/or the cells of the tissues.
Once a drug has gained access to the blood stream,
it gets distributed to other tissues that initially had no drug, concentration gradient being in the direction of plasma to tissues.
For better view, kindly download the presentation. The presentation contains information about absorption of drug and various mechanisms which plays role in drug absorption. Additionally it includes factors affecting drug absorption.
These are synthetic antimicrobials having a quinolone structure.
They are active primarily against gram-negative bacteria, though the newer fluorinated compounds also inhibit gram positive ones.
The first member Nalidixic acid introduced in mid- l 960s
A breakthrough was achieved in the early 1980s by fluorination of the quinolone structure at position 6 and introduction of a piperazine substitution at position 7 resulting in derivatives called fluoroquinolones (FQs)
In the 1990s, compounds with additional fluoro an other substitutions have been developed, Further extending antimicrobial activity to gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes, and/or conferring metabolic stability (longer t½).
The fixed dose combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole is called cotrimoxazole.
Adverse Drug Reaction, Spectrum, Resistance and Use of Cotrimoxazole.
Here is anatomy and physiology of brain stem. Where we will discuss all three parts of brain stem. Starting from medulla, second is pons and third is mid brain. In this video I am presenting anatomy and physiology of medulla. Anatomy of medulla: Medulla Oblongata or more simply medulla is part of brain stem which forms base of the brain stem. Location of medulla oblongata is superior to spinal cord and inferior to Pons. It contains pyramid, olive and above pyramidal structure, there is decussation of pyramids which explains why each part of brain controls opposite part of body. Adding to that medulla also has several nuclei which controls activity of cardiovascular system and respiratory system. Medulla also has nuclei for controlling reflexes of vomiting, swallowing, hiccuping, coughing and sneezing. It has also nuclei for test, hearing and balance. Medulla also contains nuclei of cranial nerve number VIII, IX, X, XI and XII. Functions of medulla or what dose medulla do? So medulla controls blood pressure, diameter of wall of arteries, heart rate, basal respiration rate and also vomiting, swallowing, hiccuping, coughing and sneezing.
In this video, we explain you about anatomy and physiology of Pons. The reference material used to make video is: Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Gerard J. Tortora, Bryan H. Derrickson. Pons is part of brain stem, present superior to medulla, inferior to mid brain and anterior to cerebellum. Pons means a bridge. As the name denotes, it connects other areas of brain. Neurons extending from cerebral cortex to pons makes corticopontine tract. Pons is connected to cerebellum by middle cerebral peduncle. Pons has vestibular nuclei, which is part of equilibrium pathways from inner ear to brain. Pons has also respiratory nuclei. Along with rhythmicity area of medulla, pons controls basal respiratory rhythm. Pons also contains nuclei for cranial nerve number V, VI,VII, and VIII.
The midbrain or mesencephalon extends from the pons to the diencephalon and is about 2.5 cm (1 in.)long.
The cerebral aqueduct passes through the midbrain, connecting the third ventricle above with the fourth ventricle below.
The anterior part of the midbrain contains paired bundles of
axons known as the cerebral peduncles.
The cerebral peduncles consist of axons of Corticospinal, Corticopontine, and Corticobulbar tracts, which conduct nerve impulses from motor areas in the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord, pons, and medulla, respectively.
The posterior part of the midbrain, called the tectum, contains four rounded elevations.
Two superior elevations: Superior Colliculi
Two inferior elevations: Inferior Colliculi
The superior colliculi serves as reflex centers for certain visual activities.
Visual activities like, eye movements for tracking moving images (such as a moving car) and scanning stationary images (as you are watching this slide).
The superior colliculi are also responsible for reflexes that govern movements of the head, eyes, and trunk in response to visual stimuli.
The inferior colliculi are part of the auditory pathway, relaying impulses from the receptors for hearing in the inner ear to the brain.
These two nuclei are also reflex centers for the startle reflex, sudden movements of the head, eyes, and trunk that occur when you are surprised by a loud noise such as a gunshot.
The midbrain contains several other nuclei, which includes the left and right substantia nigra.
Neurons that release dopamine, extending from the substantia nigra to the basal ganglia, help control subconscious muscle activities.
Loss of these neurons is associated with Parkinson disease.
Parkinson's disease is a brain disorder that leads to Shaking,
Stiffness, Difficulty with walking, Difficulty with balance, Difficulty with coordination.
Also present are the left and right red nuclei, which look reddish due to their rich blood supply and an iron-containing pigment in their neuronal cell bodies.
Axons from the cerebellum and cerebral cortex form synapses in the red nuclei, which help control some voluntary movements of the limbs.
The reference material used to make video is: Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Gerard J. Tortora, Bryan H. Derrickson.
Pons is part of brain stem, present superior to medulla, inferior to mid brain and anterior to cerebellum.
Pons means a bridge. As the name denotes, it connects other areas of brain.
Neurons extending from cerebral cortex to pons makes corticopontine tract.
Pons is connected to cerebellum by middle cerebral peduncle.
Pons has vestibular nuclei, which is part of equilibrium pathways from inner ear to brain.
Pons has also respiratory nuclei. Along with rhythmicity area of medulla, pons controls basal respiratory rhythm.
Pons also contains nuclei for cranial nerve number V, VI,VII, and VIII.
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You can watch the video on my you tube channel: https://youtu.be/I0FaX-iQfa0
Medulla oblongata or more simply medulla is part of brain stem which forms base of the brain stem. It contains pyramid, olive and above pyramidal structure, there is decussation of pyramids which explains why each part of brain controls opposite part of body. Adding to that medulla also has several nuclei which controls activity of cardiovascular system and respiratory system. Medulla also has nuclei for controlling reflexes of vomiting, swallowing, hiccuping, coughing and sneezing. It has also nuclei for test, hearing and balance. Medulla also contains nuclei of cranial nerve number VIII, IX, X, XI and XII.
What is Alzheimer's disease? pathophysiology of disease, treatment of disease. If there is any update regarding the information provided, your comments are welcomed
You will find Dopamine, Parkinson, Mental Disorders, Antipsychotics, Antidepressants and Antimaniac drugs here with mechanism of drugs, uses, adverse drug reaction and diagrams explaining the mechanisms. In case, if there is any query or update regarding the information provided, your comments are welcomed.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. The term Autacoid is derived from Greek:
Autos - self
Akos- healing substance or remedy
3. Autacoids are diverse substances produced by
a wide variety of cells in the body,
having intense biological activity,
but generally act locally
(e.g. within inflammatory pockets)
at the site of synthesis and release
4. Autacoids are involved in a number of
physiological and pathological processes
(especially reaction to injury and Immunological insult)
Some autacoids, in addition, serve
as transmitters or modulators in the nervous
system, but their role at many sites is not
precisely known
A number or useful drugs act by modifying
their action or metabolism
6. In addition,
cytokines (interleukins, TNFa., GM-CSF)
and several peptides like
gastrin, somatostatin,
vasoactive intestinal peptide, endothelins
and many others may be considered
as autacoids.