The document discusses the history of astronomy, detailing contributions from ancient civilizations like the Maya and Native Americans, as well as key figures such as Claudius Ptolemaeus and Nicholas Copernicus, who advanced the heliocentric model. It highlights the significance of celestial calendars and cycles in various cultures, and mentions Galileo Galilei's struggle with the Church regarding his astronomical findings. The summary concludes with Edwin Powell Hubble's discoveries that shaped modern astronomy, including the expansion of the universe.

1. Astronomy

2. History of AstronomyAstronomy: A Greek workAstronmeans star. Nemeinmeans to arrange or distribute.

3. HeresyThousands of people were killed , usually being burned as heretics, because their belief were contrary to the pope's and Catholic Church.

4. StonehengePerhaps to mark the season like summer solstice or to party and celebrate the seasons or maybe for agricultural reason… who know?

5. Sun DaggerChaco Canyon, New Mexico (1000AD)A celestial calendar of the ancient Pueblo Indians. The calendar marks, with precise light patterns, the summer and winter solstices, the spring and fall equinoxes, and the cycle of the moon. Did Native Americans make other things like this?

6. The Benefits of AstronomyChinese CalendarEgyptian Calendar

7. The most famous Calendar!The Maya’s believed that civilization goes through predictable cycles. These cycles repeat every 256 years.we currently live in the cycle named “Katun 4 Ahau” which began in 1993 and ends in 2012. The cycle that begins in 2012 is named “Katun 2 Ahau” and ends in 2032.THE WORLD WILL NOT END YET ACCORDING TO ASTRONOMY

8. Claudius PtolemaeusLived around 150 A.D and he explain the motion of the earth.Invented the concentric system

9. Planets moved in perfect circles

10. Complicated geometric systems

11. Stationary earthPtolemy’s MapWrong

12. NiklasKoppernigkAlmost RightFebruary 19, 1473Taught that the sun and not he earth was the center of the universe.Heliocentric model of the solar system.

13. Rotation of the earth on a axis

14. Fluctuation of the earths season.Galileo Galileiastronomer/mathematician/inventorGalileo was 68 years old and sick. Threatened with torture, he publicly confessed that he had been wrong to have said that the Earth moves around the Sun. Legend then has it that after his confession, Galileo quietly whispered "And yet, it moves."

15. Finally Pardon by the VaticanFinally, in 1992, three years after Galileo Galilei's namesake spacecraft had been launched on its way to Jupiter, the Vatican formally and publicly cleared Galileo of any wrongdoing.Pardon along with the jews and native people.

16. Benefits of Astronomy NOWWireless Networking

17. EDWIN POWELL HUBBLE11-20-1989: Born in Marshfield Missouri.

18. 1925: Discovers Galaxies beyond Milky Way

19. 1929: Discovers Universe is expanding- Develops Hubble's sequence.

20. 1935: Discovers asteroid #1373 called Cincinnati.