The document discusses astronomy and astrology. It provides information about constellations, planets, stars visible in the night sky. It explains that astronomy is a science based on evidence and experimentation, while astrology makes claims that are not scientifically proven. It then discusses various astronomical phenomena like phases of moon and planets, eclipses, formation of solar system, discovery of planets through telescopes. It aims to spread awareness about astronomy and differentiate it from astrology.
This document provides an introduction to great astronomers throughout history, beginning with Hipparchus in ancient times. It describes how Hipparchus made early advances in astronomy, including compiling the first star catalog, developing trigonometry to aid his calculations, and discovering the phenomenon of precession of the equinoxes through careful observation of the positions of the equinoxes over time. The introduction sets the stage for discussing other major astronomers such as Ptolemy, Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton, and others who continued advancing the field of astronomy.
1. The document discusses the history of astronomy from ancient to modern times. It describes early astronomical observations and the development of models to explain celestial motions from prehistoric times through the Classical period.
2. During the Renaissance, improved observations and technology led to more accurate models. Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model of the solar system. Kepler described planetary motions with his laws, and Newton later explained Kepler's laws with his theory of universal gravitation.
3. Modern astronomy advanced with inventions like the telescope. Figures like Galileo, Tycho Brahe, and Hubble made important observational discoveries, and Einstein's theories revolutionized understanding of space and time.
- The Galileo probe explored Jupiter and its moons from 1995-2003, discovering evidence of subsurface oceans on Europa and volcanic activity on Io. It was the first spacecraft to fly by an asteroid and discover a moon orbiting an asteroid.
- Col. Eileen Collins was the first female shuttle commander, commanding missions STS-93 in 1999 and STS-114 in 2005. She has logged over 872 hours in space.
- The Mars Pathfinder mission in 1997 proved that a rover could be placed on Mars cheaply, sending back over 17,000 photos and 15 chemical analyses before ending in 1997.
Gravitational collapse of an interstellar molecular gas cloud led to the formation of the Proto-Sun surrounded by a rotating gas and dust disk. Over time, grain aggregates and planetesimals formed from the disk, eventually coalescing into the planets. Observational evidence from young stars and solar system materials support this model of solar system formation from a solar nebula.
1) Ancient civilizations like those in Egypt, England, and Mesopotamia developed an interest in astronomy and incorporated astronomical alignments and knowledge into structures like Stonehenge and the pyramids.
2) The Babylonians made significant early contributions to astronomy, including compiling star catalogs and dividing the sky and time into degrees, minutes, and seconds as we still use today.
3) Greek astronomers built upon earlier traditions, seeking to understand physical principles and developing early astronomical models to explain observations. Key figures included Ptolemy, Hipparchus, and Aristarchus.
This document provides an overview of the history of astronomy. It discusses early astronomy among ancient cultures like the Chinese, Egyptians, and Babylonians who made early records of celestial objects. It then covers the Golden Age of astronomy centered in Greece where thinkers like Aristotle and Eratosthenes made advances. Key figures who supported the heliocentric model like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton are also summarized along with their major contributions and findings that helped establish our modern understanding of the solar system and universe. The document concludes with sections on constellations and the motion of the Earth.
This document provides an overview of ancient beliefs about astronomy across various early cultures. It discusses how astronomy originated from religious and mythological beliefs and was used for calendrical and astrological purposes. Ancient astronomers were able to differentiate between stars and planets. It then examines archaeological evidence that prehistoric Europeans had sophisticated knowledge of astronomy and mathematics. The document goes on to discuss ancient astronomy in various regions, including Mesopotamia, India, Greece, Egypt, China, Mesoamerica, and medieval Middle East and Europe.
This document provides an introduction to great astronomers throughout history, beginning with Hipparchus in ancient times. It describes how Hipparchus made early advances in astronomy, including compiling the first star catalog, developing trigonometry to aid his calculations, and discovering the phenomenon of precession of the equinoxes through careful observation of the positions of the equinoxes over time. The introduction sets the stage for discussing other major astronomers such as Ptolemy, Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton, and others who continued advancing the field of astronomy.
1. The document discusses the history of astronomy from ancient to modern times. It describes early astronomical observations and the development of models to explain celestial motions from prehistoric times through the Classical period.
2. During the Renaissance, improved observations and technology led to more accurate models. Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model of the solar system. Kepler described planetary motions with his laws, and Newton later explained Kepler's laws with his theory of universal gravitation.
3. Modern astronomy advanced with inventions like the telescope. Figures like Galileo, Tycho Brahe, and Hubble made important observational discoveries, and Einstein's theories revolutionized understanding of space and time.
- The Galileo probe explored Jupiter and its moons from 1995-2003, discovering evidence of subsurface oceans on Europa and volcanic activity on Io. It was the first spacecraft to fly by an asteroid and discover a moon orbiting an asteroid.
- Col. Eileen Collins was the first female shuttle commander, commanding missions STS-93 in 1999 and STS-114 in 2005. She has logged over 872 hours in space.
- The Mars Pathfinder mission in 1997 proved that a rover could be placed on Mars cheaply, sending back over 17,000 photos and 15 chemical analyses before ending in 1997.
Gravitational collapse of an interstellar molecular gas cloud led to the formation of the Proto-Sun surrounded by a rotating gas and dust disk. Over time, grain aggregates and planetesimals formed from the disk, eventually coalescing into the planets. Observational evidence from young stars and solar system materials support this model of solar system formation from a solar nebula.
1) Ancient civilizations like those in Egypt, England, and Mesopotamia developed an interest in astronomy and incorporated astronomical alignments and knowledge into structures like Stonehenge and the pyramids.
2) The Babylonians made significant early contributions to astronomy, including compiling star catalogs and dividing the sky and time into degrees, minutes, and seconds as we still use today.
3) Greek astronomers built upon earlier traditions, seeking to understand physical principles and developing early astronomical models to explain observations. Key figures included Ptolemy, Hipparchus, and Aristarchus.
This document provides an overview of the history of astronomy. It discusses early astronomy among ancient cultures like the Chinese, Egyptians, and Babylonians who made early records of celestial objects. It then covers the Golden Age of astronomy centered in Greece where thinkers like Aristotle and Eratosthenes made advances. Key figures who supported the heliocentric model like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton are also summarized along with their major contributions and findings that helped establish our modern understanding of the solar system and universe. The document concludes with sections on constellations and the motion of the Earth.
This document provides an overview of ancient beliefs about astronomy across various early cultures. It discusses how astronomy originated from religious and mythological beliefs and was used for calendrical and astrological purposes. Ancient astronomers were able to differentiate between stars and planets. It then examines archaeological evidence that prehistoric Europeans had sophisticated knowledge of astronomy and mathematics. The document goes on to discuss ancient astronomy in various regions, including Mesopotamia, India, Greece, Egypt, China, Mesoamerica, and medieval Middle East and Europe.
Evolution (Educación Secundaria - Bachillerato - School of stars - Pamploneta...Planetario de Pamplona
Secundaria (3º y 4º), Bachillerato, EPA, CIP. Talleres...
Following the footsteps of two of the most important historical figures in science, Galileo and Darwin, we explore the concept of Evolution in two very different fields: the Universe itself and the life that has developed on Earth.
escuela.pamplonetario.org
Octaves, Ascending and Descending . The Structure of the Octave.
The Law of Three from The Tales. The Trogoautoegocrat from The Tales. Etherokrilno, from The Tales. Omnipresent Okidanokh, from The Tales. Okidanokh and Djartklom. The Step Diagram. The Creation (from Purgatory)
Astronomy is the scientific study of objects and matter beyond Earth's atmosphere. There are four main types of astronomy: astrophysics, astrometry, astrogeology, and astrobiology. Astronomers study the origin and workings of the universe and its objects. Some core subjects in astronomy include physics, mathematics, quantum mechanics, and electromagnetic waves. To become an astronomer requires at least a bachelor's degree in astronomy, physics, or a related field, which provides the necessary scientific skills and knowledge. Astronomy involves scientific observation and study, whereas astrology involves the belief that the positions of the stars and planets can affect human lives.
RELATION BETWEEN EARTH, MOON, MARS AND A GIANT IMPACT DVS BioLife Ltd
It is believed that there was a Giant Impact causing formation of Pacific ocean and an astral body. General belief is Mars collided and Moon formed.
In this document, it is proposed that Moon has collided and Mars formed.
It is for the scientific community to credit or discredit this theory
Report on "ANCIENT & MODERN ASTRONOMY"Kshitij Bane
This document provides an overview of ancient and modern astronomy. It discusses early astronomy in ancient China, Egypt, Babylon, and among the Mayans. It then covers Greek astronomy including contributions from Aristotle, Aristarchus, Eratosthenes, and Hipparchus. Islamic astronomy is also summarized. The document discusses ancient Indian astronomy including contributions from Aryabhata, Varahmihir, and Brahmagupta. It then covers Nicolaus Copernicus and his heliocentric theory which displaced Earth from the center of the universe, marking a revolution in astronomy.
This presentation discusses aspects of the Ray of Creation and its relationship to Man.
Watch the presentation on YouTube.
The content of the seminar comes from the recently published book:
Gurdjieff's Hydrogens: Volume 1 The Ray of Creation.
The Presentation series is organized by The Austin Gurdjieff Society. (The group website is: https://austingurdjieff.org/)
One of the Group leaders is Robin Bloor, a pupil of Rina Hands who was, in turn, a pupil of Gurdjieff. He is the author of several books on The Work. For more information on his books click on the following link:
https://tofathomthegist.com/books/
[Seminar content includes: The Step Diagram itself—the lateral octave and the Step Diagram—atoms and laws—what it eats and is eaten by—Earth, Water, Air, Fire—life forms, everything is alive—organic life on Earth and the mi-fa interval—the planets and the Moon—composite beings—Essence and the body of Reason]
Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences, with early civilizations like those in ancient China and at Stonehenge making careful records of astronomical phenomena. The field advanced significantly with Greek philosophers and scientists developing early mathematical models. Claudius Ptolemy created an influential geocentric model of the Solar System in his work The Almagest. Later, Nicolaus Copernicus developed the first heliocentric model placing the Sun at the center. Johannes Kepler then established his three laws of planetary motion, and Isaac Newton later formulated his law of universal gravitation and invented calculus, greatly advancing our understanding of astronomy.
When it comes to planetarium shows, “questions and answers” is our absolutely favourite time. But last week one primary school visitors took Q&A to the next level. They came to their Wonderdome Astronomy lesson with questions already prepared and written down! More questions came up during the show, so some of the prepared questions we didn’t have time to go through. There was only one thing we could do!
Astronomy Essay
Mayan Astronomy Essay
I Want To Be An Astronomer
Astronomy Essay
Astronomy Observations
Socrates On Astronomy
Astronomy Essay
Astronomy Essay
Astronomy: A Career Essay
Essay about Telescopes in Astronomy
Astronomy : The Field Of Study
Astronomy Research Paper
This document discusses different aspects of stars, including:
- What stars are composed of, both on their surfaces and interiors. Most are made of hydrogen and helium, but also contain heavier elements.
- How stars are born from collapsing clouds of gas and dust, and how they spend most of their lives fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores.
- The two types of deaths stars can experience - smaller stars like our Sun become white dwarfs, while larger stars end as supernovae.
- The different categories of stars including main sequence, red giants, and more exotic objects like neutron stars and black holes.
- Additional facts about stars like their variety of sizes, numbers in our galaxy
Celestial objects can be astronomical bodies or astronomical objects. Bodies refer to single, contiguous entities like asteroids or stars, while objects can consist of multiple bodies or structures like planetary systems or galaxies. Comets can be both bodies, referring to their frozen nuclei, or objects when including their diffuse comas and tails. Other celestial objects discussed include Kuiper belt objects, quasars, pulsars, supernovae, galaxies, meteors, and gamma ray bursts.
Astronomy Impact
Astronomy Essay
Astronomy Essay
Astronomy Essay
Astronomy Essay
Essay about Telescopes in Astronomy
Socrates On Astronomy
Ancient Greek Astronomy Essay
History of Astronomy
The document provides an overview of the universe and some of its key components:
1. The universe originated from the Big Bang around 13.7 billion years ago and has been expanding and cooling ever since.
2. Galaxies form the basic building blocks of the universe and come in three main types: spiral, elliptical, and irregular. Our galaxy is the Milky Way galaxy.
3. Stars are born in nebulae and come in different colors, temperatures, and magnitudes depending on their stage of life. When stars die, they may become black holes, neutron stars, or white dwarfs.
This document discusses the bodies that make up the universe and our solar system. It explains that planets and moons orbit due to gravitational forces, and describes the different types of galaxies, orbits used by satellites, and how black holes are formed from collapsed giant stars. The document aims to teach students about the structures and motions within the universe.
This document discusses the bodies that make up the universe and our solar system. It explains that planets and moons orbit due to gravitational forces, and describes the different types of galaxies, orbits used by satellites, and how black holes are formed from collapsed giant stars. The document aims to teach students about the structures and motions within the universe at both basic and more advanced levels.
This document discusses the bodies that make up the universe and our solar system. It explains that planets and moons orbit due to gravitational forces, and describes the different types of galaxies, orbits used by satellites, and how black holes are formed from collapsed giant stars. The document aims to teach students about the structures and motions within the universe at both basic and more advanced levels.
This document discusses the bodies that make up the universe and our solar system. It explains that planets and moons orbit due to gravitational forces, and describes the different types of galaxies, orbits used by satellites, and how black holes are formed from collapsed giant stars. The document aims to teach students about the structures and motions within the universe at both basic and more advanced levels.
This document discusses the bodies that make up the universe and our solar system. It explains that planets and moons orbit due to gravitational forces, and describes the different types of galaxies, orbits used by satellites, and how black holes are formed from collapsed giant stars. The document aims to teach students about the structures and motions within the universe at both basic and more advanced levels.
ICSE Class VIII Physics The Universe - TopperLearningAlok Singh
The universe is defined as the vast surrounding space which includes everything that exists from the earth to the most distant parts of space that one can see.
Grade 6 geography chapter 1 Earth in the solar systempalitaaarti
The document provides information about the solar system and related celestial bodies. It discusses that the full moon can only be seen once a month, while a new moon cannot be seen at all. It also describes constellations as groups of stars visible in patterns and names some well-known constellations like Ursa Major and Saptarishi. Finally, it summarizes that the solar system consists of the sun and eight planets, along with their satellites, asteroids and meteoroids, with the sun at the center providing heat and light.
1) The document discusses the origin and evolution of the universe from the Big Bang theory. It states that 13.8 billion years ago, the universe expanded from a tiny, dense mass and evolved into its current state.
2) It describes the different types of galaxies including spiral, elliptical, irregular, barred spiral, lenticular, and peculiar galaxies. It also discusses the Milky Way galaxy and solar system.
3) The Earth is described as a complex system consisting of interconnected subsystems - the biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere. The document outlines the composition and layers of the Earth's crust, mantle, and core.
The document discusses the distribution of matter in the universe. It notes that matter is not evenly distributed, but rather is concentrated in certain areas called galaxies. Galaxies themselves form larger groups known as galaxy clusters. There are also large empty spaces between galaxies and clusters.
Evolution (Educación Secundaria - Bachillerato - School of stars - Pamploneta...Planetario de Pamplona
Secundaria (3º y 4º), Bachillerato, EPA, CIP. Talleres...
Following the footsteps of two of the most important historical figures in science, Galileo and Darwin, we explore the concept of Evolution in two very different fields: the Universe itself and the life that has developed on Earth.
escuela.pamplonetario.org
Octaves, Ascending and Descending . The Structure of the Octave.
The Law of Three from The Tales. The Trogoautoegocrat from The Tales. Etherokrilno, from The Tales. Omnipresent Okidanokh, from The Tales. Okidanokh and Djartklom. The Step Diagram. The Creation (from Purgatory)
Astronomy is the scientific study of objects and matter beyond Earth's atmosphere. There are four main types of astronomy: astrophysics, astrometry, astrogeology, and astrobiology. Astronomers study the origin and workings of the universe and its objects. Some core subjects in astronomy include physics, mathematics, quantum mechanics, and electromagnetic waves. To become an astronomer requires at least a bachelor's degree in astronomy, physics, or a related field, which provides the necessary scientific skills and knowledge. Astronomy involves scientific observation and study, whereas astrology involves the belief that the positions of the stars and planets can affect human lives.
RELATION BETWEEN EARTH, MOON, MARS AND A GIANT IMPACT DVS BioLife Ltd
It is believed that there was a Giant Impact causing formation of Pacific ocean and an astral body. General belief is Mars collided and Moon formed.
In this document, it is proposed that Moon has collided and Mars formed.
It is for the scientific community to credit or discredit this theory
Report on "ANCIENT & MODERN ASTRONOMY"Kshitij Bane
This document provides an overview of ancient and modern astronomy. It discusses early astronomy in ancient China, Egypt, Babylon, and among the Mayans. It then covers Greek astronomy including contributions from Aristotle, Aristarchus, Eratosthenes, and Hipparchus. Islamic astronomy is also summarized. The document discusses ancient Indian astronomy including contributions from Aryabhata, Varahmihir, and Brahmagupta. It then covers Nicolaus Copernicus and his heliocentric theory which displaced Earth from the center of the universe, marking a revolution in astronomy.
This presentation discusses aspects of the Ray of Creation and its relationship to Man.
Watch the presentation on YouTube.
The content of the seminar comes from the recently published book:
Gurdjieff's Hydrogens: Volume 1 The Ray of Creation.
The Presentation series is organized by The Austin Gurdjieff Society. (The group website is: https://austingurdjieff.org/)
One of the Group leaders is Robin Bloor, a pupil of Rina Hands who was, in turn, a pupil of Gurdjieff. He is the author of several books on The Work. For more information on his books click on the following link:
https://tofathomthegist.com/books/
[Seminar content includes: The Step Diagram itself—the lateral octave and the Step Diagram—atoms and laws—what it eats and is eaten by—Earth, Water, Air, Fire—life forms, everything is alive—organic life on Earth and the mi-fa interval—the planets and the Moon—composite beings—Essence and the body of Reason]
Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences, with early civilizations like those in ancient China and at Stonehenge making careful records of astronomical phenomena. The field advanced significantly with Greek philosophers and scientists developing early mathematical models. Claudius Ptolemy created an influential geocentric model of the Solar System in his work The Almagest. Later, Nicolaus Copernicus developed the first heliocentric model placing the Sun at the center. Johannes Kepler then established his three laws of planetary motion, and Isaac Newton later formulated his law of universal gravitation and invented calculus, greatly advancing our understanding of astronomy.
When it comes to planetarium shows, “questions and answers” is our absolutely favourite time. But last week one primary school visitors took Q&A to the next level. They came to their Wonderdome Astronomy lesson with questions already prepared and written down! More questions came up during the show, so some of the prepared questions we didn’t have time to go through. There was only one thing we could do!
Astronomy Essay
Mayan Astronomy Essay
I Want To Be An Astronomer
Astronomy Essay
Astronomy Observations
Socrates On Astronomy
Astronomy Essay
Astronomy Essay
Astronomy: A Career Essay
Essay about Telescopes in Astronomy
Astronomy : The Field Of Study
Astronomy Research Paper
This document discusses different aspects of stars, including:
- What stars are composed of, both on their surfaces and interiors. Most are made of hydrogen and helium, but also contain heavier elements.
- How stars are born from collapsing clouds of gas and dust, and how they spend most of their lives fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores.
- The two types of deaths stars can experience - smaller stars like our Sun become white dwarfs, while larger stars end as supernovae.
- The different categories of stars including main sequence, red giants, and more exotic objects like neutron stars and black holes.
- Additional facts about stars like their variety of sizes, numbers in our galaxy
Celestial objects can be astronomical bodies or astronomical objects. Bodies refer to single, contiguous entities like asteroids or stars, while objects can consist of multiple bodies or structures like planetary systems or galaxies. Comets can be both bodies, referring to their frozen nuclei, or objects when including their diffuse comas and tails. Other celestial objects discussed include Kuiper belt objects, quasars, pulsars, supernovae, galaxies, meteors, and gamma ray bursts.
Astronomy Impact
Astronomy Essay
Astronomy Essay
Astronomy Essay
Astronomy Essay
Essay about Telescopes in Astronomy
Socrates On Astronomy
Ancient Greek Astronomy Essay
History of Astronomy
The document provides an overview of the universe and some of its key components:
1. The universe originated from the Big Bang around 13.7 billion years ago and has been expanding and cooling ever since.
2. Galaxies form the basic building blocks of the universe and come in three main types: spiral, elliptical, and irregular. Our galaxy is the Milky Way galaxy.
3. Stars are born in nebulae and come in different colors, temperatures, and magnitudes depending on their stage of life. When stars die, they may become black holes, neutron stars, or white dwarfs.
This document discusses the bodies that make up the universe and our solar system. It explains that planets and moons orbit due to gravitational forces, and describes the different types of galaxies, orbits used by satellites, and how black holes are formed from collapsed giant stars. The document aims to teach students about the structures and motions within the universe.
This document discusses the bodies that make up the universe and our solar system. It explains that planets and moons orbit due to gravitational forces, and describes the different types of galaxies, orbits used by satellites, and how black holes are formed from collapsed giant stars. The document aims to teach students about the structures and motions within the universe at both basic and more advanced levels.
This document discusses the bodies that make up the universe and our solar system. It explains that planets and moons orbit due to gravitational forces, and describes the different types of galaxies, orbits used by satellites, and how black holes are formed from collapsed giant stars. The document aims to teach students about the structures and motions within the universe at both basic and more advanced levels.
This document discusses the bodies that make up the universe and our solar system. It explains that planets and moons orbit due to gravitational forces, and describes the different types of galaxies, orbits used by satellites, and how black holes are formed from collapsed giant stars. The document aims to teach students about the structures and motions within the universe at both basic and more advanced levels.
This document discusses the bodies that make up the universe and our solar system. It explains that planets and moons orbit due to gravitational forces, and describes the different types of galaxies, orbits used by satellites, and how black holes are formed from collapsed giant stars. The document aims to teach students about the structures and motions within the universe at both basic and more advanced levels.
ICSE Class VIII Physics The Universe - TopperLearningAlok Singh
The universe is defined as the vast surrounding space which includes everything that exists from the earth to the most distant parts of space that one can see.
Grade 6 geography chapter 1 Earth in the solar systempalitaaarti
The document provides information about the solar system and related celestial bodies. It discusses that the full moon can only be seen once a month, while a new moon cannot be seen at all. It also describes constellations as groups of stars visible in patterns and names some well-known constellations like Ursa Major and Saptarishi. Finally, it summarizes that the solar system consists of the sun and eight planets, along with their satellites, asteroids and meteoroids, with the sun at the center providing heat and light.
1) The document discusses the origin and evolution of the universe from the Big Bang theory. It states that 13.8 billion years ago, the universe expanded from a tiny, dense mass and evolved into its current state.
2) It describes the different types of galaxies including spiral, elliptical, irregular, barred spiral, lenticular, and peculiar galaxies. It also discusses the Milky Way galaxy and solar system.
3) The Earth is described as a complex system consisting of interconnected subsystems - the biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere. The document outlines the composition and layers of the Earth's crust, mantle, and core.
The document discusses the distribution of matter in the universe. It notes that matter is not evenly distributed, but rather is concentrated in certain areas called galaxies. Galaxies themselves form larger groups known as galaxy clusters. There are also large empty spaces between galaxies and clusters.
The document provides information about celestial objects in our solar system, including:
- The moon's phases are caused by its position relative to the Earth and Sun, not by changes in its shape.
- Stars are massive burning balls of gas that appear small due to their immense distance from Earth.
- Constellations are patterns of stars in the night sky, named after figures they resemble. Examples include Ursa Major, Orion, and Cassiopeia.
- The solar system contains 8 planets that orbit the Sun, as well as dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, and meteors.
The document provides an overview of the universe and some of its key components. It defines the universe as all matter and energy, including planets, stars, galaxies and intergalactic space. Scientific observations have led to inferences about the early stages of the universe, supported by the Big Bang theory which describes the formation of the universe approximately 13.77 billion years ago. Stars are fundamental building blocks of galaxies and are responsible for producing heavy elements. Galaxies are massive gravitationally bound systems consisting of stars, gas and dust, with the Milky Way being the galaxy that contains our solar system.
The document discusses natural satellites (moons) that orbit planets and other celestial bodies in the solar system. It provides information on the number and types of known natural satellites, their origins and orbital characteristics. Major topics covered include the definition of a moon, the largest moons in the solar system like Ganymede and Titan, the irregularly shaped moon Proteus, terminology used to describe moons throughout history, and references for further information.
Stars undergo nuclear fusion reactions in their cores to produce energy, while planets do not generate their own power. The brightness and luminosity of stars are described using apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude scales. Parallax is used to measure the distance to nearby stars by observing their position shift from different points in Earth's orbit. Constellations are patterns of stars in the sky that represent figures from mythology and have defined boundaries.
The Solar System formed 4.6 billion years ago from the collapse of a giant molecular cloud. It consists of the Sun and objects bound to it by gravity, including eight planets whose orbits are nearly circular, as well as dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, and other small bodies. The four inner terrestrial planets are composed mainly of rock, while the four outer gas giants are much more massive and composed largely of hydrogen and helium. Exploration of the Solar System has increased understanding of its formation and components.
Similar to Astronomy & Astrology by Santosh Takale (Year-2011) (20)
Observational Parameters by Santosh Takale at MU Astro Basic (11-09-2022).pdfSantosh Takale
This copy of slide show is Lecture notes of Santosh Takale, delivered at Basic Astronomy Course conducted by Extra Mural Department of Mumbai University & Nehru Planetarium, Mumbai. For Additional details Santosh Takale (santoshatbarc@gmail.com), Whats app 9967584554 Regards.
Snakes Myths & Facts in English by Santosh Takale(R5)Santosh Takale
This document provides an introduction to snakes and summarizes common myths and facts about snakes. It begins with an acknowledgement and preface thanking those who provided assistance. It then provides classifications of snakes based on venom, including non-venomous, semi-venomous, and venomous snakes. Examples are given for each classification. The document discusses the importance of snakes in controlling pest populations. It then summarizes several common myths about snakes, such as all snakes being venomous, snakes drinking milk, and snakes being attracted to music or whistling, and provides facts to dispel these myths.
Snakes Myths & Facts in English by Santosh Takale (Revised)Santosh Takale
The prime intent of this book is to eradicate all myths, among masses regarding snakes. But I have also added some information on how to identify snake, precautions to avoid snake bite, first aid after snake bite and very importantly, I have mentioned few references which can be referred for detailed information on the snakes.
I would like to express my Special Thanks to Mumbaikar, Aniket & All members of CON-Veshvi.
Regards.
- Santosh Takale.
Instruction for trail period joining at Takale UPSC MPSC study center by Sant...Santosh Takale
1. The document outlines the free facilities and expected expenses for candidates during a trial period at a free UPSC/MPSC study center with residential facilities in Panvel, Raigad, Maharashtra.
2. Candidates will be provided group accommodation, a common study room, a kitchen with appliances, and beds. They must share costs for groceries, utilities, and maintenance.
3. Candidates must bring their own study materials, bedding, toiletries, medical kit, cash, bag, and identity documents. They must also sign an undertaking accepting responsibility for their safety and agreeing to do daily academic social work and physical work.
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1) The document provides a set of questions for candidates applying to join the Santosh Takale Center (TCT) free UPSC/MPSC study center with residential facilities in Panvel, Maharashtra.
2) Candidates are asked to submit answers to 10 questions in brief covering topics like their reasons for appearing for UPSC/MPSC exams, available study materials, expected date of joining TCT, and a description of their strengths and weaknesses.
3) The questions also cover major issues facing India, causes of terrorism, environmental damage, the role of selected candidates and police in India, and expectations from TCT if selected including a proposed daily schedule and guidance topics.
Social activities by Santosh Takale and Takale Charitable TrustSantosh Takale
Santosh Takale and the Takale Charitable Trust conduct numerous social and educational activities throughout India, many of which aim to promote scientific thinking and skills development. Some of the key activities mentioned include delivering over 2,000 free lectures to over 700,000 people to foster scientific temperament, providing free coaching and accommodations to help students prepare for competitive exams, operating skill development programs, hosting camps to develop independence and teamwork in youth, and organizing astronomy guidance and observations. The organization aims to make educational opportunities accessible to all members of society regardless of ability to pay.
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Vasudev Balwant Phadke (4 November 1845 – 17 February 1883) was an Indian Freedom Fighter who sought India's independence from British, It was First united attempt after 1857.
This document provides information about the TCT Entrepreneurship Development Program. The first phase of the program has been completed, providing training to 75 students over 1.5 years with the goal of creating better citizens. The second phase will establish a Mind and Skill Development Training Center to produce innovative and skilled youths who understand the importance of planned and systematic hard work. The two-year certificate program will provide both theoretical and practical training in various vocational skills. Student admission will be based on merit and a personal interview. Tuition fees are Rs. 20,000 per year and hostel fees including food are Rs. 55,000 per year, with financial aid available for deserving students.
Takale's Vidnyan Gurukul Brochure in MarathiSantosh Takale
Subject - Takale's Vidnyan Gurukul - for Publicity to reach deserving Students.
Dear Sir/Madam,
Please go through the attached pdf and Image files. These are Letters containing information about TCT's new Project.
TCT Entrepreneurship Development Program
This ' Mind & Skill Development Training ', has the objective of making ' Innovative & Skillful Youths, who understand importance of planned & systematic Hard work '.
You are requested to guide deserving, sincere & hardworking students to us for Shaping their Bright Future.
Regards.
Fostering Scientific Temper by Santosh TakaleSantosh Takale
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2. Dear Readers,
This presentation is the compilation of data & details from Internet as
well as few good books. The intent is to spread the awareness among
masses about the facts about ‘Our Universe’ and to eradicate all myths
about same.
Using this presentation approximately 3oo nos. of sessions have been
conducted by me, addressing more than 50000 audience, which
includes students, teachers & other general members of public. All
these session were free of cost with only interest of ‘Science
Communication’ & No financial gain in any form has been made by me
or any related social organization.
For additional details please refer the mentioned websites or books.
--- Santosh Takale
3. Astronomy
KgaaolaXaas~ ho iva&anaacyaa sava- ksaaoTyaaMvar p`yaaoga
va p`icatIWaro isadQa Jaalaolao Xaas~ Aaho.
Astrology
jyaaoitYa hI svaPnao ivakNyaacaI klaa Aaho. ho Xaas~ navho,
karNa iva&anaacyaa ekhI ksaaoTIvar p`yaaoga va p`icatIWaro to
isadQa hao} Xakt naahI.
4. • What we are Looking for in Night Sky ?
– Constellations ( tarkasamaUh ) : 88 Nos.
– Nakshtras ( naxa~ ) : 27 Nos.
– Sunsigns ( raXaI ) : 12 Nos.
– Planets ( ga`h ) : 8 Nos.
– Notable Stars ( taro ) : 5500 Nos.
– Meteor Shower ( ]lka vaYaa-va ) : 10 to 12 Nos.
– Galaxies, Dwarf Galaxies, Nebulae, Messier Objects,
Star Clusters etc. ( idiGa-ka tojaaomaoGa )
– Special Cases : Eclipse (ga`hNao )
7. Constellation (Orion the Hunter)
( maRga tarkasamaUh )
8. flajyaaoitYaaMcao gaRihtk :
AakaXasqa ga`hgaaolaaMcaa maanavaI jaIvanaavar satt pirNaama haotao : Aaxaop / ivasaMgatI
saUya- ha ga`h naahI.
caMd` ha ga`h naahI.
rahU va kotU ho vastU Aqavaa ga`h mhNaUna Aist%vaat naahIt.
pRqvaIlaa kuMDilat sqaana naahI.
Non existence of Fixed frame of reference for
observation.
P`a%yaok ga`hacaa ekTyaacaa p`Baava XaaoQaNao AXa@ya.
pRqvaIcyaa praMcana gatIbaabat AnaiBa&ta.
raXaI / naxa~ yaaMcao gauNaQama- va %yaacaI AaQaarhInata.
9. Relative distribution of the two types of Planets
Gas giant worlds are far from the Sun
Rocky worlds are close to the Sun
10. Bruno was burned alive for speculating that the stars are similar sun,
perhaps having planets and some of them may even harbour life. Today
it is no longer a mere speculation. In fact till now more than
460 exso-planets that is planets of other stars have been discovered.
Many of them are massive like Jupiter. What an irony!
12. About 460 crore years ago there was a very big and colossal gas cloud-
primordial solar cloud. The cloud rotated about itself due to self gravity
and began to shrink. In the center the mass accreted and became
dense. Most of the mass in the cloud concentrated at the center
resulting in the birth of sun. As the core of this sun became more
massive and denser the temperature rose to an extent that
thermonuclear reaction – fusion could take place. Sun started to shine.
13. While the rest of the
material went around
and around the central
mass. Small dust
particles were attracted
initially by electrostatic
attraction. Once the
small rocks became
sufficiently bigger gravity
also played a part.
Slowly the proto planets
were formed.
14. Proto planets fused to gather to
form planets like Mercury, Earth
and so on. Gas giants like Jupiter
and Saturn were formed by the
accretion of the light elements.
The icy materials and gases like
methane became Uranus and
Neptune.
15. The leftover proto planets became the kuiper cloud while the left over
original material became the Oorth cloud. The materials that failed to
accrete into a planet due to the gravitational perturbation of Jupiter
became asteroid belt.
Initial phase of solar evolution was full of bombardments. One result is
pockmark like craters on Moon, Mercury and so on. As most of the
space rocks in the inner region got exhausted the bombardment
tapered off around 3 billion years ago.
On such bombardment resulted in the formation of moon. Once it was
postulated that moon could have formed due to accretion of materials
around Earth, could have been captured or could have split from Earth
Recent studies indicate that Mars like proto planet impacted on
Earth and moon resulted from the debris that was thrown out.
18. The formation of solar system is not pure guess work. Looking at the
night sky one can clearly see evidence of gas cloud accreting, star
formation, accreting disk, planet formation.
19. Activity opportunity: Powers of 10
Surface
Body Radius Volume
Area
Earth 1 1 1
Jupiter 10x [101] 100x [102] 1000x [103]
Sun 100x 10,000x 1,000,000x
20. Dwarf Planets
The IAU currently recognises five dwarf planets—Ceres, Pluto, Haumea,
Make make, and Eris.
Ceres is in the asteroid belt others in the Kuiper belt.
Many Kuiper Belt objects, exist in what is believed to be a vast shell of
icy and rocky objects that live at the very edge of our solar system.
24. Ptolemy's system Copernicus’s system
Galileo Galilee used telescope to observe Venus. On
seeing the waxing and waning phases of Venus, just
like that of Moon, Galileo concluded heliocentric solar
system.
25. Galileo discovered the four largest moon
of Jupiter on Jan 7, 1610?.
In his telescope the moons appeared as
tiny dots. The position of the dots
changed over days and he found that
they were orbiting Jupiter.
28. During July 1994 a comet named Shoemaker Levy was captured by
Jupiter and crashed on its surface.
29.
30. Shani has been
much maligned
planet in Hindu
tradition.
Actually it is one
of the beautiful
planets with its
majestic rings.
31. Actually when Galilio looked at Saturn in
1610 through telescope he was stunned.
He perceived Saturn to have two
structures on both side.
With improved telescope in 1616 he
perceived it to structure like ears to a
face.
1655 Huygens could discern it to be a
ring like structure.
It was Cassani who in 1676 distinguish it
to be number of rings
32. Uranus also has rings, but
no so grand as Saturn.
13 March 1781 Uranus was
discovered by William Hershel
and his sister Carolina. It was
the first planet that found no
place in any bible, puran or
religious texts.
33.
34. In olden days the sudden
appearance of Comets was
considered bad omen.
Comet was called Dumketu and
in various civilisations it was
imagined to be various scary
objects.
Norman king William considered
the appearance of comet in
1066 as good omen. A new star
a new king was his slogan. He
fought his enemies and became
the king of England.
35. As the sun rays evaporate and
makes the tail of the comet the tail
is prominent when it is nearer to
sun and it always points against the
sun
36. flajyaaoitYaaMcao gaRihtk : (Revisiting the assumption after knowing Universal facts)
AakaXasqa ga`hgaaolaaMcaa maanavaI jaIvanaavar satt pirNaama haotao : Aaxaop / ivasaMgatI
»saUya- ha ga`h naahI.
»caMd` ha ga`h naahI.
»rahU va kotU ho vastU Aqavaa ga`h mhNaUna Aist%vaat naahIt.
»pRqvaIlaa kuMDilat sqaana naahI.
» Non existence of Fixed frame of reference for
observation.
»P`a%yaok ga`hacaa ekTyaacaa p`Baava XaaoQaNao AXa@ya.
»pRqvaIcyaa praMcana gatIbaabat AnaiBa&ta.
»raXaI / naxa~ yaaMcao gauNaQama- va %yaacaI AaQaarhInata.
37. Moon goes around in elliptical orbit, tilted
at about 5 degree. Apogee is at 357200
km and perigee is 407100 km.
Light will take about 1.25 seconds to reach
Earth from moon. It takes about 27 ½ days to
go around Earth, but the period between each
full moon is about 30 days.
38.
39. The relative position
of Earth, Moon and
Sun results in the
phases.
Though every new moon
day moon is in line with
Sun, due to the tilt of its
orbit, it will not cause
eclipse every new moon
day.
40.
41. Eclipse seen from another planet ! Two moons of
Mars occasionally cause partial eclipse and
Pathfinder mission captured the eclipse that took
place in 2004.
44. Vastness of Universe………………….. Distances & Units
• mm, cm, inch, feet, meter, yard, km, miles .
• AU, LY, Parsec.
• Pico, nano, micro, mili, Kilo, mega, giga, tera.
• Avg. Human Height : 1.5 to 2 meter.
• Plane fly at : 10 kms. (Mt Everest 9 kms)
• India : 3000 EW x 2700 NS (kms x kms)
• Diameter of earth : 12700 kms.
• Dia of Geosta. satellite orbit : 70 000 kms.
• Dist to moon from earth : 3 84 000 kms.
• Dia of Sun : 13 92 000 kms
• Distance to sun from earth: 15 00 00 000 kms (ie. 1 AU)
• Distance to sun from Jupiter : 1 00 00 00 000 kms (ie. 7 AU)
45. Distances & Units
• Distance to sun from pluto : 40 AU.
• Distance to sun from kupier belt : 700 AU (100 billion kms)
• Oort’s cloud is up to : 20000 AU
• One Light year (1 Ly) : 63271 AU
• One parsec (Pc) : 3.26 Ly = 206265 AU
• The nearest star to us : 4.3 Ly
• 10 Parsec : 32.6 Ly
• Center of galaxy from us : 30000 Ly
• Dia of Milky way : 1 Lac Ly
• Dia of Andromeda : 1.8 Lac Ly
• Dist bet Andromeda & MW : 22 Lac Ly
• Dia of Local Cluster of galaxy : 1 Mpc
• Span of Universe : 15 billion Ly
49. Concept: The Scale of our Solar System
• If the Sun were a Water Melon (14 cm)
• Earth, grain of sand 1mm, 15 m away
• Jupiter, marble 1.5cm, 80 m away
• Pluto, tiny grain of sand 0.2mm, 600 m away
67. References & Thanks to :
• Mumbai University & Nehru Planetarium Astro-Course Notes.
• Marathi website : www. Avakashvedh.com by ‘ Sachin Pilankar
• Wikipedia website : http://en.wikipedia.org
68. Good Books to be read….
• Astronomy for Amateurs…………….…. Pradeep Nayak.
• Kgaaola pircaya ……………………………… p`idp naayak.
• duiba-NaI AaiNa vaoQaXaaLa …………………… AanaMd GaOsaasa.
• taraMgaNa …………………………………… p`idp naayak.
• AakaXaaXaI jaDlao naato ………………… Da^. jayaMt naarLIkr.
• kRYNaivavar ………………………………… maaohna AapTo.
• vaoQa ivaXvaacaa maanavaI XaaOyaa-caa ……………… p`a. p. ra. AaDo-.
• Astonomical Calculation ………….…..… Mohan Apte.
• A Brief History of Time ………………..…. Stephen Hawking.
• AMtraL AaiNa iva&ana ………………… Da^. jayaMt naarLIkr.
69. Details of Additional free Lectures delivered by
Santosh Takale :
(Few lectures will be with Slide shows. Duration is 45 to 75 minutes)
• Understanding the Universe ( ivaSvaacao AMtrMga).
• Career Guidance ( kiryar maaga-dSa-na).
• Snakes- Myths & Facts. ( saap : samaja - gaOrsamaja).
• Sky Observation with naked eye & Telescope ( AakaSa inarIxaNa).
• Human Society : Myths & Facts (maanavaI samaaja : samaja - gaOrsamaja).
• Management techniques & Time Management.
• Being true Citizen of Country with vast diversity-India.
• NDT for All ( Students & Professional)
• Communication skills & Personality Development (saMBaaYaNa klaa va vya@tIma%va ivakasa).
70. Santosh Takale is senior Scientific Officer at Bhabha Atomic Research
Center, Mumbai. He has done B. Tech in Mechanical Engineering &
advance studies in Nuclear Engineering at BARC, Mumbai. He has also
obtained many certification in the field of Welding, Non Destructive
Testing & Radiation Safety, which includes IWE (International Welding
Engineer), Radiation Safety Officer & ISNT, ASNT Level III in Ultrasonic
Testing & Level II in Radiographic Testing, Eddy Current Testing, Dye
Penetrant testing, Visual Inspection & Magnetic Particle Testing.
He is Founder of ‘TAKALE CHARITABLE TRUST’ & ‘Institute for Computer & Information
Technology-Panvel. He is President of Sky Watcher’s Association of Raigad. He is also
honorary member of many reputed, regional and national oraganisations in technical &
social field.
He has been honoured with many prestigious award which includes ‘VISHESH
GAURAVARTHI’ ‘PANVEL BHUSHAN’, ‘PANVEL GUNIJAN, PANVEL GAURAV’
‘MAHARASHTRA GAURAV’, ‘YASHWANT GAURAV’ & ‘RASHTRA GAURAV’ for his
outstanding contribution in the field of science & technology as well as social field.
Contact Details : santoshatbarc@gmail.com and s_tacs@rediffmail.com Ph-09967584554.
Website : www.takalecharitabletrust.org