This document provides a 29-question practice quiz on asthma for respiratory therapy students. It defines asthma as a respiratory disorder characterized by paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing, coughing and mucus production caused by bronchoconstriction. The two types of asthma are extrinsic (allergenic) and intrinsic (non-allergenic). Signs of an asthma attack include increased respiratory rate and decreased peak expiratory flow. Treatment involves prevention of triggers, bronchodilators, steroids, and immunotherapy to reduce sensitivity to triggers.
Mechanical Ventilation Cheat Book for Internal Medicine ResidentsThe Medical Post
This short cheat book talks about basic concepts and physiology of artificial ventilation and also elaborates on point guided approach in maneuvering different modes of mechanical ventilation. Consider this as a basic overview and is intended for all internal medicine residents.
Mechanical Ventilation Cheat Book for Internal Medicine ResidentsThe Medical Post
This short cheat book talks about basic concepts and physiology of artificial ventilation and also elaborates on point guided approach in maneuvering different modes of mechanical ventilation. Consider this as a basic overview and is intended for all internal medicine residents.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)- Preeti sharmaEducate with smile
COPD is a type of obstructive lung disease and related conditions. it is very helpful presentation to you about information of COPD.
It includes all things that is definition, causes, symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, types, treatment and role of nurses for COPD patient.
Emphysema is defined pathologically as an abnormal, permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis. Together, emphysema and chronic bronchitis are known as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and involves the enlargement of the air sacs in the lung.
The damage is permanent - not reversible - and it causes reduced respiratory function. When the hazards of smoking are bought up, the most common disease discussed is
cancer and no one brings up emphysema. Although, most cases of COPD, and therefore emphysema, are caused by cigarette smoking.
Emphysema is rarely caused by a congenital condition known as α1-antitrypsin
deficiency, for which there is a lab test.
The most common symptoms are breathlessness, or a 'need for air', excessive sputum
production, and a chronic cough. However, COPD is not just simply a "smoker's
cough", but an under-diagnosed, life threatening lung disease that may progressively
lead to death.
Doctors diagnose COPD and emphysema with lung function tests to measure lung capacity. Spirometry is used in diagnosis - to measure the volume of air a patient can
blow out in one second after a deep breath.
Treatment does not halt or reverse lung damage but eases symptoms and prevents exacerbations. Drugs and supportive therapies are the mainstay of emphysema treatment.
Drugs may include inhaled bronchodilators, corticosteroids and, when there is an infection, antibiotics.
Support therapy includes oxygen supplementation, nutrition, help with smoking cessation, and other educational interventions.
Surgical intervention, including lung transplantation, is reserved for severe cases of emphysema.
People with emphysema and COPD should have an annual flu jab and may be recommended for a pneumonia shot once every 5 years.
Emphysema-medical information |management |diagnosis | tests martinshaji
HAPPY PHARMACIST DAY
Emphysema is a lung condition that causes shortness of breath. In people with emphysema, the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) are damaged. Over time, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and rupture — creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones
please comment
thank you
this ppt gives information about COPD , Asthma(the respiratory disease)As stated before, diseases of the heart affect the lungs and diseases of the lungs affect the heart.
This is because of the peculiar characteristics of pulmonary vasculature. The pressure in the pulmonary arteries is much lower than in the systemic arteries.
The pulmonary arterial system is466 SECTION III Systemic Pathology thinner than the systemic arterial system.
They are thin elastic vessels which can be easily distinguished from thick-walled bronchial arteries supplying the large airways and the pleura.
General diseases of vascular origin occurring in the lungs such as pulmonary oedema, pulmonary congestion, pulmonary embolism and pulmonary infarction, have all been already discussed.
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to your lungs. It causes a cough that often brings up mucus. It can also cause shortness of breath, wheezing, a low fever, and chest tightness. There are two main types of bronchitis: acute and chronic
Asthma casues, symptoms and homeopathy treatmentPranav Pandya
Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction and bronchospasm.[2] Common symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)- Preeti sharmaEducate with smile
COPD is a type of obstructive lung disease and related conditions. it is very helpful presentation to you about information of COPD.
It includes all things that is definition, causes, symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, types, treatment and role of nurses for COPD patient.
Emphysema is defined pathologically as an abnormal, permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis. Together, emphysema and chronic bronchitis are known as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and involves the enlargement of the air sacs in the lung.
The damage is permanent - not reversible - and it causes reduced respiratory function. When the hazards of smoking are bought up, the most common disease discussed is
cancer and no one brings up emphysema. Although, most cases of COPD, and therefore emphysema, are caused by cigarette smoking.
Emphysema is rarely caused by a congenital condition known as α1-antitrypsin
deficiency, for which there is a lab test.
The most common symptoms are breathlessness, or a 'need for air', excessive sputum
production, and a chronic cough. However, COPD is not just simply a "smoker's
cough", but an under-diagnosed, life threatening lung disease that may progressively
lead to death.
Doctors diagnose COPD and emphysema with lung function tests to measure lung capacity. Spirometry is used in diagnosis - to measure the volume of air a patient can
blow out in one second after a deep breath.
Treatment does not halt or reverse lung damage but eases symptoms and prevents exacerbations. Drugs and supportive therapies are the mainstay of emphysema treatment.
Drugs may include inhaled bronchodilators, corticosteroids and, when there is an infection, antibiotics.
Support therapy includes oxygen supplementation, nutrition, help with smoking cessation, and other educational interventions.
Surgical intervention, including lung transplantation, is reserved for severe cases of emphysema.
People with emphysema and COPD should have an annual flu jab and may be recommended for a pneumonia shot once every 5 years.
Emphysema-medical information |management |diagnosis | tests martinshaji
HAPPY PHARMACIST DAY
Emphysema is a lung condition that causes shortness of breath. In people with emphysema, the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) are damaged. Over time, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and rupture — creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones
please comment
thank you
this ppt gives information about COPD , Asthma(the respiratory disease)As stated before, diseases of the heart affect the lungs and diseases of the lungs affect the heart.
This is because of the peculiar characteristics of pulmonary vasculature. The pressure in the pulmonary arteries is much lower than in the systemic arteries.
The pulmonary arterial system is466 SECTION III Systemic Pathology thinner than the systemic arterial system.
They are thin elastic vessels which can be easily distinguished from thick-walled bronchial arteries supplying the large airways and the pleura.
General diseases of vascular origin occurring in the lungs such as pulmonary oedema, pulmonary congestion, pulmonary embolism and pulmonary infarction, have all been already discussed.
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to your lungs. It causes a cough that often brings up mucus. It can also cause shortness of breath, wheezing, a low fever, and chest tightness. There are two main types of bronchitis: acute and chronic
Asthma casues, symptoms and homeopathy treatmentPranav Pandya
Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction and bronchospasm.[2] Common symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
ISI 2024: Application Form (Extended), Exam Date (Out), EligibilitySciAstra
The Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) has extended its application deadline for 2024 admissions to April 2. Known for its excellence in statistics and related fields, ISI offers a range of programs from Bachelor's to Junior Research Fellowships. The admission test is scheduled for May 12, 2024. Eligibility varies by program, generally requiring a background in Mathematics and English for undergraduate courses and specific degrees for postgraduate and research positions. Application fees are ₹1500 for male general category applicants and ₹1000 for females. Applications are open to Indian and OCI candidates.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
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https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
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2. 2
Why hello there, future Registered Respiratory Therapist!
Thank you so much for downloading this cheat sheet. This one is all about asthma! Here below, I’ve
listed out a few practice questions about ‘What is Asthma?’ and some of the things you need to
know about it as an RT Student, and also some things to remember for when you start practicing as
a licensed Respiratory Therapist.
Asthma Practice Questions:
1. What is the definition of Asthma?
A respiratory disorder characterized by recurring episodes of paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing on
expiration or inspiration caused by constriction of the bronchi, coughing, and viscous mucoid
bronchial secretions. The episodes may be precipitated by inhalation of allergens or pollutants,
infection, cold air, vigorous exercise, or emotional stress. It’s essentially hyperreactivity of the
airways.
2. What does hyperractivity of the airways lead to?
Bronchoconstriction & bronchospasm, mucosal swelling, and increased production of thick
tenacious mucus.
3. What are the two types of asthma?
Extrinsic and Intrinsic.
3. 3
4. What kind of asthma is extrinsic?
It is considered type-one or allergenic asthma.
5. What kind of asthma is intrinsic?
It is considered type-two or non-allergenic asthma.
6. What can cause the onset of extrinsic asthma?
Pollen, mold, dander, or different foods.
7. What can cause the onset intrinsic asthma?
Stress, cold or dry air, smoke, anxiety, viruses, or infections.
8. What are signs, symptoms, and observations of asthma?
Increased respiratory rate, work of breathing, heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure. The
patient may also have a prolonged (forceful) expiration and a decreased peak expiratory flow rate.
9. What are the breath sounds of a patient with asthma?
Wheezing – you will always hear on expiration. If heard on inspiration, it’s a more serious case of
asthma.
10. What does it mean when you do not hear wheezes when listening to an asthma patient who
is clearly in distress?
4. 4
This means that there is no air movement and is amongst the most serious cases of asthma. This
could be life-threatening and may require intubation and mechanical ventilation.
11. What are the ABG results associated with asthma?
Here are the ABG results that you will likely see for a patient having an asthma attack:
For a mild asthma attack, the pH may be increased with a low PaCO2 due to the patient
hyperventilating.
For a moderate asthma attack, you the pH is normal and the patient’s oxygen level (PaO2) is
starting to decrease, while the PaCO2 and HCO3 are still in the normal ranges.
5. 5
For a severe asthma attack, the pH is decreased, the PaO2 is severely decreased, and the PaCO2 is
increased. This is a case of impending respiratory failure.
12. What happens when mediators are released in asthma?
Bronchoconstriction, bronchospasm, pulmonary vasodilation, airway inflammation, and increased
mucus production.
13. If the PaCO2 rises drastically and suddenly during an asthma attack, what does that mean?
It likely means that the patient isn’t moving any air and may be going into respiratory failure. This is
a very dangerous situation and may require intubation and mechanical ventilation.
14. What will a chest X-ray show with a patient with asthma?
You may see no significant changes. It may be slightly darkened. Also, you may see an increased
capacity due to air trapping.
15. What happens to the systolic blood pressure during an asthma attack?
It will decrease during inspiration by 10-20 mmHg.
16. Which WBC increases during an asthma attack?
Eosinophils.
17. What will a PFT test show on an asthmatic?
6. 6
Decreased airflow, low peak flows, and an increased residual volume. The FVC may be decreased
due to air trapping, and the FEV1/FVC ratio is decreased.
18. What is the first treatment when it comes to asthma?
Prevention; avoid triggers if possible.
19. What are some medical treatments with patient that have asthma?
The patient will undergo a preventative asthma action plan and also immunotherapy.
20. What is immunotherapy?
It’s a form of antigen extract to desensitize the patient to asthma triggers. It can help to reduce
asthma symptoms, as well as the need for medications. It can also help reduce the risk of severe
asthma attacks after future exposure to the allergen. It has been shown to possibly be as effective
as inhaled steroids.
21. What is the 1st line of defense in asthma?
Maintenance with long-acting beta-2 agonists and inhaled corticosteroids.
22. What is the 2nd line of defense in asthma?
Fast-acting medication (Beta-2 agonists) such as: albuterol, xopenex, etc., as well as anticholinergic
medications like ipratropium bromide.
23. What is the 3rd line of defense in asthma?
7. 7
Emergency oral and intravenous steroids.
24. What is the 4th line of defense in asthma?
Xanthines such as aminophylline, magnesium sulfate via an IV, as well as Heliox.
25. What are some special medications used in asthma?
Luekotriene antagonist, Montelukast Sodium (Singulair).
26. What are some prophylactic medications used in asthma?
Cromolyn (intal) and Nedocromil (tilade).
27. When would you use xolair (omalizumab) to treat asthma?
It can be used to treat patient that are 12 years of age and above. They must have a moderate to
severe persistent asthma have asthma triggered by year-round allergens in the air, and continue to
have asthma symptoms even though they are taking inhaled steroids.
28. What are other treatment considerations for asthma patient?
In the emergency department, back-to-back continuous short-acting bronchodilators may be give
to the patient to help alleviate bronchospasm. This is often termed as a continuous breathing
treatment.
29. True or False: A methacholine challenge test can be used in the diagnoses of asthma.
8. 8
True. A methacholine challenge test is performed to determine how reactive or responsive your
lungs are to different asthma triggers in the environment. The test can help your doctor evaluate
symptoms suggestive of asthma and help diagnose whether or not the patient has it.
Final Thoughts
So there you have it! That’s wraps up this little cheat sheet about Asthma and I hope it was able to
teach you a thing or two. Having a good knowledge and understanding about asthma is very
important for a Respiratory Therapists because we deal with asthma patients on a daily basis. And
what a better time to learn and understand it than now? Breathe Easy!
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