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Assistive Technology to
   Support Writing
What is Writing?

 HANDWRITING - Holding a pen and moving your
 hand from left to right, leaving marks on paper.



 But there’s more!
Major Elements of Writing

 Task Environment – problem/assignment

 Writer’s Long Term Memory – stored knowledge
 of topic, audience, and writing plans

 Writing Process Itself – Planning (stages of
 writing), Translating, and Reviewing
Writing Problems that
   Students with Disabilities
             Face
Planning – they don’t know how

Spelling – problems spelling words, identifying
errors

Transcription processes – Spelling and
Handwriting
     Lack knowledge about what makes good writing and
     specific writing strategies
Specific Struggles
Students who are deaf and communicate mostly
using Sign Language – Low literacy levels because
English is a Second language for them.

Students with Physical Disabilities (CP, MD, etc.) –
forming letters correctly and quickly and word
alignment on paper.

Some Students with Autism, Down Syndrome or
visual-motor LDs - dysgraphia due to poor fine
motor coordination.
Specific Struggles...cont’d
Note-Taking – Complicated for many students with
LDs.
   Skills needed:
     Read and Write at the same time
     Organize ideas that are presented
     Distinguish what is important from what is not
     Do everything above at the same time
Low-Tech Tools for
Handwriting Difficulties
Pencil Grip
Slanted desk/table top
Anchor paper on a clipboard
Paper with raised or bold lines – helps students
with LD and/or visual impairments
Rubber stamps –Math, Writing, Pictures,Names
etc.
Pre-Writing Tools
 Graphic Organizers & Concept Maps – paper and
 computer software – i.e. Inspiration &Mindview 3

 Templates
Drafting Tools
 Word Processing Applications – MS
 Word, Google Docs
  Benefits:
    Legibility of Text
    Publish in different formats
    Easy to change/revise
    Supporting applications for
    Spelling, grammar, concept mapping
Changes without Rewriting
      Allow For…
No stress about Spelling during
Composition
Less stress about organization /
sequencing
More emphasis on content
Word Prediction Applications

These programs make an educated guess about
what word the writer wants to type and gives a
list of choices.
  Co:Writer by Don Johnston
  WordQ by goQ Software
  WriteOnline by Crick Software (web-based, talking)
  Google Scribe by Google
Speech Recognition
 Speaker says the word into a microphone and
 the software recognizes words and writes them
 on the screen.
  Dragon NaturallySpeakingby Nuance
  SpeakQ by goQ Software
  MacSpeech Dictate by Nuance
Reviewing
 Text-to-Speech applications – Write:OutLoud
  Helps students with poor reading skills
  Text is read aloud by “chunks”
  Speed & Voice can be adjusted
  Text being read can be highlighted
Editing
 Spell-Checks – Standard vs. Phonetic
 dictionaries

 Talking Spell-Checks

 Thesauruses

 Grammar Checkers
Sharing/Publishing
 Newsletters
 Story-writing programs – graphics, video, sound with
 text
 PowerPoint Presentations
      provides engaging environment for pre-writing
     (organization)
     provides an alternative to writing a paper but still is able
     to show knowledge.
Sharing/Publishing …cont.
 Internet
    Discussion boards
    Blogs – “Web Log” or Journal – w/ student comments
        Kidblog
    Wikis- Students can add and edit info on the site
Note-Taking
                  Mid-High Level Tech
Portable Note-takers – Neo (2), CalcuScribe

Smartpen – Pulse Pen and Echo Pen by LiveScribe

Braille Note Takers – Braille Lite M40 and BrailleNote by
Human Ware

Capturing Devices – Mimio, SmartBoard, and Promethean
ActivBoard

CART $$$– Communicative Access Realtime Translation for
Deaf/Hard of Hearing students – word by word translation
    C-Print $ - produces paraphrased records of class lectures.
Assistive Tech Plus…
 “Assistive technology will succeed in helping
 students improve their writing skills only if it is
 paired with good teaching strategies.”
 (Dell, 2012, p49).
 Training needed in:
   The Writing Process – www.readwritethink.org
   Specific Tech tools
   How to use these tech tools to enhance the writing
   process

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Assitive tech writing

  • 1. Assistive Technology to Support Writing
  • 2. What is Writing? HANDWRITING - Holding a pen and moving your hand from left to right, leaving marks on paper. But there’s more!
  • 3. Major Elements of Writing Task Environment – problem/assignment Writer’s Long Term Memory – stored knowledge of topic, audience, and writing plans Writing Process Itself – Planning (stages of writing), Translating, and Reviewing
  • 4. Writing Problems that Students with Disabilities Face Planning – they don’t know how Spelling – problems spelling words, identifying errors Transcription processes – Spelling and Handwriting Lack knowledge about what makes good writing and specific writing strategies
  • 5. Specific Struggles Students who are deaf and communicate mostly using Sign Language – Low literacy levels because English is a Second language for them. Students with Physical Disabilities (CP, MD, etc.) – forming letters correctly and quickly and word alignment on paper. Some Students with Autism, Down Syndrome or visual-motor LDs - dysgraphia due to poor fine motor coordination.
  • 6. Specific Struggles...cont’d Note-Taking – Complicated for many students with LDs. Skills needed: Read and Write at the same time Organize ideas that are presented Distinguish what is important from what is not Do everything above at the same time
  • 7. Low-Tech Tools for Handwriting Difficulties Pencil Grip Slanted desk/table top Anchor paper on a clipboard Paper with raised or bold lines – helps students with LD and/or visual impairments Rubber stamps –Math, Writing, Pictures,Names etc.
  • 8. Pre-Writing Tools Graphic Organizers & Concept Maps – paper and computer software – i.e. Inspiration &Mindview 3 Templates
  • 9. Drafting Tools Word Processing Applications – MS Word, Google Docs Benefits: Legibility of Text Publish in different formats Easy to change/revise Supporting applications for Spelling, grammar, concept mapping
  • 10. Changes without Rewriting Allow For… No stress about Spelling during Composition Less stress about organization / sequencing More emphasis on content
  • 11. Word Prediction Applications These programs make an educated guess about what word the writer wants to type and gives a list of choices. Co:Writer by Don Johnston WordQ by goQ Software WriteOnline by Crick Software (web-based, talking) Google Scribe by Google
  • 12. Speech Recognition Speaker says the word into a microphone and the software recognizes words and writes them on the screen. Dragon NaturallySpeakingby Nuance SpeakQ by goQ Software MacSpeech Dictate by Nuance
  • 13. Reviewing Text-to-Speech applications – Write:OutLoud Helps students with poor reading skills Text is read aloud by “chunks” Speed & Voice can be adjusted Text being read can be highlighted
  • 14. Editing Spell-Checks – Standard vs. Phonetic dictionaries Talking Spell-Checks Thesauruses Grammar Checkers
  • 15. Sharing/Publishing Newsletters Story-writing programs – graphics, video, sound with text PowerPoint Presentations provides engaging environment for pre-writing (organization) provides an alternative to writing a paper but still is able to show knowledge.
  • 16. Sharing/Publishing …cont. Internet Discussion boards Blogs – “Web Log” or Journal – w/ student comments Kidblog Wikis- Students can add and edit info on the site
  • 17. Note-Taking Mid-High Level Tech Portable Note-takers – Neo (2), CalcuScribe Smartpen – Pulse Pen and Echo Pen by LiveScribe Braille Note Takers – Braille Lite M40 and BrailleNote by Human Ware Capturing Devices – Mimio, SmartBoard, and Promethean ActivBoard CART $$$– Communicative Access Realtime Translation for Deaf/Hard of Hearing students – word by word translation C-Print $ - produces paraphrased records of class lectures.
  • 18. Assistive Tech Plus… “Assistive technology will succeed in helping students improve their writing skills only if it is paired with good teaching strategies.” (Dell, 2012, p49). Training needed in: The Writing Process – www.readwritethink.org Specific Tech tools How to use these tech tools to enhance the writing process

Editor's Notes

  1. Example with Michal – Struggled to know how to write his ideas in sentences but once he was able to verbalize them, then he could start by writing the sentences that he just said.
  2. Freedom from making mistakes – not a big deal!
  3. Co:Writer – highlight over word and it is spoken aloud – helps students who can’t identify the correct spelling of the word.
  4. Can be complicated because students are expected to do these things all at the same time: 1 – Think about what they are going to say, 2 – Speak the thought aloud, 3 – Speak any punctuation and capitalization, 4 – Read on the monitor what the program understood them to say, 5 – Decide if that was actually said, 6 – Correct the program if it is misunderstood, 7 –Go back to picking up the train of thought.