The document discusses several key aspects of supply chain management in the service industry: 1. Service industries have little need for physical inputs beyond office supplies and work with a smaller group of suppliers compared to manufacturing. Their primary inputs are labor and capital equipment to allow employees to do their work. 2. Traditional manufacturing supply chain management focuses on logistics of moving physical materials while service industries focus more on information flow and developing relationships with suppliers and customers. 3. The end goal for any company is satisfied customers. Supply chain design in services requires focus on efficient information flow and strong supplier relationships rather than physical logistics networks.

1. University of Technology and Management, Shillong
Assignment
Logistic and Supply Chain Management
Submitted To : Submitted By By:Anup Kumar Roy
Ma’am Jupitara Kalita Branch – BBA-DM
RollNo: 1

2. 1.What are the future prospect of logistic management ?
Ans. Future are the future prospect of Logistic Management
Confronting the overall rivalry, the change of logistics framework ought to be progressed by
both privately owned businesses and government. There are mainly three transformations
in business that have considerable effects on the buying and supply techniques of the
assembling divisions.
These three upsets are: (1) The globalisation of Trade; (2) Real time
information; (3) Changing consumer behaviour and their demand.
The fundamental attributes of future logistics advancement are:
 Logistics focuses: The improvement of logistics focuses is useful for industry
advancement and the advancement of national financial framework. Logistics
focuses could effectively abbreviate the separation in the middle of generation and
advertising vertically furthermore coordinate different businesses evenly, and
accordingly diminish the expenses. Governments can propose unique regions for
storage facilities and logistics to decrease land procurement. The future logistics will
participate e-trade, the Internet and the recently way to-entryway administration to
make new business prospects.
 Role of Government: To keep intensity of commercial enterprises, the legislature
needs to lead the approach to help the logistics commercial ventures. For example,
the thought of cargo town of city logistics gives nature to elevate logistics
productivity and to decrease operation costs. On the other hand it includes
expansive of speculations and a few issues relating laws and national strategies.
Without the lead and backing of government, accomplishing the arrangement is
troublesome.
 Growth of global products transport: The up-development of worldwide cargo
transport is contributed by a few components. Firstly, the blooming of E-trade
pushes ahead the universal business exercises. Furthermore, the change of
generation systemneeds global participation, e.g. importing the semi-completed

3. items from nations with less expensive HR to those with higher innovation to amass
the last merchandise.
 Improvement of administrations: Providing a decent client administration turns into
a vital necessity of business operation with the extraordinary rivalry of worldwide
business. The nature of administrations is the fundamental component to influence
expending conduct among the undertakings with high closeness. The administration
frameworks include a few created procedures now, for example, Efficient Consumer
Response (ECR) and Quick Response (QR). Soon, all the more new systems would be
connected in giving better administrations to clients.
 Revolution of logistics operation: IT systems and its items convey productivity and
familiarity to the logistics frameworks. Radio Frequency ID (RFID) is one of these
methods. The primary distinction between the standardized identification
framework and RFID is that RFID does not require the activity of checking the
scanner tag on merchandise. RFID could spare manual operation time drastically.
RFID frameworks could sense the measure of merchandise include in the labels
naturally and instantly when the costumers push their trolley through the way out.
 Shorter item life cycle: With the current pattern, the stock configuration is changing
step by step, and subsequently, the item life cycle is shorter and shorter, particularly
in software engineering. To face the effects, logistics framework must enhance its
productivity and unwavering quality of merchandise conveyance. Overall an
improper logistics framework would block the intensity of new items and the
business benefits.
 Improvement of logistics offices: The progression and advancement of logistics are
taking into account a few methods and complete speculations. Cutting edge offices
and frameworks, e.g. ITS, could convey more potential outcomes and preferences to

4. logistics. Case in point, the change of related offices, e.g. Forklift Trucks, is essential
for transport proficiency.
 Channel collaboration between organizations: with a specific end goal to spare the
logistics costs, a key idea is to expand the use of accessible transport limit.
Coordinating the logistics requests between various divisions aides attain to this
reason. By and by, an aggregate could add to its own particular logistics
administration for the branches.
 Specialized logistics conveyance: One of the striking patterns of logistics commercial
enterprises is particular conveyance administration. Case in point, conveying new
sustenance from the spot of birthplace needs low-temperature holders. Register
chips, gasses and petroleum need specific transports to convey.
 Freight transport: The union between centre little size conveyance organizations is a
vital pattern later on. The procedure could help to grow administration zones and
expand administration quality, and in the interim raise the heaps of single excursions
to less
2. How Geographic information System (GIS) and global positions system (GPS)
influence logistic management?
Ans. A geographic information system (or GIS) is a system designed to capture, store,
manipulate, analyse, manage, and present spatial or geographic data. The acronym GIS is
sometimes used for geographic information science (GIScience) to refer to the academic
discipline that studies geographic information systems and is a large domain within the
broader academic discipline of geoinformatics. What goes beyond a GIS is a spatial data
infrastructure, a concept that has no such restrictive boundaries.
In general, the term describes any information system that integrates, stores, edits,
analyses, shares, and displays geographic information. GIS applications are tools that allow
users to create interactive queries (user-created searches), analyse spatial information, edit

5. data in maps, and present the results of all these operations. Geographic information
science is the science underlying geographic concepts, applications, and systems
GIS is a broad term that can refer to a number of different technologies, processes, and
methods. It is attached to many operations and has many applications related to
engineering, planning, management, logistics, insurance, telecommunications, and business.
For that reason, GIS and location intelligence applications can be the foundation for many
location-enabled services that rely on analysis and visualization.
GIS can relate unrelated information by using location as the key index variable.
Global positions system (GPS) influence logistic management: Over the past years
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become well established in global
supply chains as pivotal enablers of integration and alignment of dispersed suppliers,
manufacturers and logistics providers (Manecke and Schoensleben, 2004). Coupled with the
maturity of embeddedness of ICTs, a proliferation of mobile technologies is witnessed
recently thus adding to the sophistication of technology solutions provided to complex
supply chains. Mobile technologies such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS), General Packet
Radio Service (GPRS) and Geography Information Systems (GIS) coupled with advanced
Internet solutions provide transparency and more specific information to supply chain
collaborators in terms of instant localisation and traceability of shipments and delivery
status.
3. What are the different formof Logistic Management?
Ans- The different forms of logistic operations are
Return Logistics (Reverse Logistics):
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In order to increase the sales as well as the market share, many companies advertise that
their in case he buys the product of that company, he is assured of satisfactory performance
of the product. But at the same time, it is very much obvious that the company cannot
assure the satisfactory performance of each and every of its product which is sold in the
market. Few of the products sold may not perform as advertised over the specific period of
time.Product recall is a critical competency resulting from Increasingly rigid quality
standards. Product expiration dating
Responsibility for hazardous consequence.The company has, therefore, to take into account
the defective goods that would be returned while framing the total logistical system
network and calculating the total cost of such a system of network
Military Logistics

6. Military logistics is the art and science of planning and carrying out the movement and
maintenance of military forces. In its most comprehensive sense, it is those aspects or
military operations that deal with:
Design, development, acquisition, storage, distribution, maintenance, evacuation, and
disposition of material, Evacuation, and hospitalization of personnel, Acquisition or
construction, maintenance, operation, and disposition of facilities.
Third Party Logistics (3PL)
3PL, Third Party Logistics describes businesses that provide one or many of a variety of
logistics related services. Types of services would include public warehousing, contract
warehousing, transportation management, distribution management, freight consolidation.
A 3PL provider may take over all receiving, storage, value added, shipping, and
transportation responsibilities for a client and conduct them in the 3PL’s warehouse using
the 3PLs equipment and employees or may manage one or all of these functions in the
clients facility using the clients equipment, or anything combination of the above. 3PL can
be defined as the “Business of proposing physical distribution reforms to a client and
undertaking comprehensive physical distribution services” The growing demand for 3PL can
be attributed to both demand, & supply side factors. (1)
Faced with deregulation & growing competition, transport companies are seeking new
business opportunities, & (2) clients are seeking to outsource their logistics operations cut
costs & focus management resources on core businesses.
Fourth Party Logistics
Traditionally, suppliers and big corporations have been meeting the demands by increased
inventory, speedier transportation solutions posting on-site service engineers and many
times employing a third party service provider. Today they need to meet increased levels of
services due to e-procurement, complete supply visibility, virtual inventory management
and requisite integrating technology. Now corporations are outsourcing their entire set of
supply chain process from a single
design, make and run integrated comprehensive supply chain solutions. This evolution in
supply chain outsourcing is called Fourth Party Logistics – the aim being to provide
maximum overall benefit.
Cost Effectiveness of Fourth Party Logistics
Revenue growth by enhanced product quality, product availability, and improved customer
service -all facilitated by the application of leading technology.
Emergence of fourth party logistics is a new concept in supply chain outsourcing. With the
rapid advancements of technologies, it will be easier to reap the benefits of fourth party
logistics concept. Thus fourth party logistics is the future of supply chain management.
Inbound Logistics Creation of value in a conversion process heavily depends on availability
of inputs on time. Making available these inputs on time at point of use at minimum cost is

7. the essence of Inbound Logistics. All the activities of a procurement performance cycle
come under the scope of Inbound Logistics.
Outbound Logistics
Value added goods are to be made available in the market for customers to perceive value.
Finished goods are to be distributed through the network of warehouses and supply lines to
reach the consumer through retailers’ shops in the market. During conversion value is
added to the raw materials and as a result value of the inventory in this case is very high
unlike inputs.
4-What is the role of transportationinservice quality?
Ans- The Role of Transportation in Service Quality The role that transportation plays in
logistics systemis more complex than
Carrying goods for the proprietors. Its complexity can take effect only through highly
Quality management. By means of well-handled transport system, goods could be sent to
The right place at right time in order to satisfy customers’ demands. It brings efficacy, and
Also it builds a bridge between producers and consumers. Therefore, transportation is the
Base of efficiency and economy in business logistics and expands other functions of
Logistics system. In addition, a good transport system performing in logistics activities
Brings benefits not only to service quality but also to company competitiveness.
5. How supply chain intelligence helporganizations tackedincreases global
complicity ?
Ans. Business Intelligence within the supply chain improves internal efficiencies and
accountability while saving time and eliminating costs with metrics-driven decision-making
and change management. It allows companies to enable more predictable business
performance by putting actionable information into the hands of key decision makers.
Business Intelligence within your transportation and logistics operation can improve
profitability with in-depth analysis of the service and network portfolio across customers,
suppliers and every step in the logistics chain. You can track supplier performance against
service level agreements to identify opportunities, negotiate intelligently, and create rate
contracts based on results. Competing in today’s business environment precipitates the
need for successful integration and collaboration strategies among supply chain
partners. The global environment is influenced by increased globalization and
outsourcing, mergers, new technologies, and e-business. Shorter time-to-market,

8. reduced product lifecycle, built-to-order strategies, pull systems and uncertainty force
organizations to adopt new ways of doing business.
6.How supply chainmanagement systemapplied toan organization?
Ans. Domino Effect
The most important thing is to first understand the customer's true needs. Companies that
want to improve their competitive position by reducing their order-to delivery cycle are
looking to supply-chain management to help them achieve that goal. Because SCM
encompasses all processes involved in producing and delivering a product to the customer,
it offers the opportunity to identify bottlenecks that can slow down activities along the
entire supply chain.
Youngberg gives the example of an automaker that wants to build individual cars to order
for delivery within one week. That is why it is important to first understand the customer's
true needs, then work back from that, Morehouse says: Once the correct information is in
hand, companies can design their supply-chain processes to provide what the customer
really needs. Without that information, says Youngberg, companies risk falling into the
"wasted excellence" trap, providing a higher service level or faster cycle time than is
necessary.
7.what are the various transportationstrategy for logistic effective?
Ans.
The strategy, regardless of whether you are involved with domestic or international, is much
more and should recognize--
 Customer requirements. The supply chain involves continuous and efficient
movement of product from vendor to manufacturer to customer. Therefore the
transportation program must reflect and meet the customers needs. The time and
service aspects of transportation are vital.
Shipments must move timely. Customers demand their shipments be delivered as
they require--on the date needed, by the carrier preferred, in the proper shipping
packaging method and complete, both shipped complete and delivered complete
and Ain good order. Being able to have a transportation program with can do this
provides customer satisfaction and can give your company a competitive advantage.
 Mode selection. How will you move your product, by air versus surface? What roles
do transit time play in your supply chain? How will the inventory and service impacts
be measured as compared to the freight charges?
 Carrier relationships. Volume creates carrier/forwarder attention. Even if you have
no strategy, the number of carriers trying to meet with you will make you develop

9. one. Infrequent shipping dictates another approach.
 Measuring/benchmarking. You need to know how well your strategy and your
carriers are performing. This takes two approaches. One is measuring. Measuring
means comparing performance versus standards.
Very often benchmarking is not done with a company in your industry. Competitors
are not likely to share information. And best practices are not the exclusive of one
industry or company.
 Regulatory impact. Regulatory changes can change, for better or worse, your
strategy. The recent demise of the Interstate Commerce Commission eliminated a
safety net for shippers, especially for small shippers. Shippers now need to work with
carriers with whom they can develop contractual relationships which reflect the new
transport world as to liability, freight class, rate changes, accessorials and other
needs.
.
 Carrier mergers and alliances and closings. This is an important and difficult issue. In
the fifteen years or so since motor carrier deregulation, there have been significant
changes. Many carriers went out of business. Others changed their focus from
truckload to LTL. New truckload carriers came into being. Maritime has its issues.
Large steamship lines in the trans-Pacific and trans-Atlantic trade formed alliances.
 Flexibility. Change is happening. It is not a question of whether or not it happens.
The only question is how quickly it occurs. Your strategy has to be ready to change.
New customers. New products. New businesses. New suppliers. New corporate
emphasis. Each of these can dramatically change your strategy. Recognize that
change will occur. Keep an open ear and mind to other modes and carriers. The
times they are a changing--and so will your strategy
8.How can you implement integratesupply chainmanagement ?
Ans. Whether you are looking for help in choosing the right supply chain management
software or advice on how to make your supply chain work more efficiently, the following
tips, from supply chain management experts and managers, can help.Jennifer Lonoff Schiff
runs a marketing communications firm focused on helping small and mid-sized businesses.
Supply chain management experts share tips on supply chain management software and
making your supply chain operate more efficiently.
9.What are the service industry supply chainmanagement ?
The end goal of any company is a satisfied customer. The process of locating, obtaining and
transporting the inputs needed to do this is the core function of supply chain management.
Supply chain design in the manufacturing industry requires a great deal of focus on physical
product and a broader supplier base, while service firms typically have little need for

10. physical inputs other than office supplies, and often work with a much smaller group of
suppliers
Inputs
Both the service and the manufacturing industries require an input of labor to
complete the processing necessary to satisfy their promise to the end customer.
Additionally, companies in both industries require inputs from suppliers of various
types. Finally, both industries require capital investment in equipment that allows
their employees to do their work. The primary difference is that most of the cost of
manufacturing labor is involved in procuring, transporting and manipulating physical
material, while almost all service industry labor is expended on manipulating
information and developing relationships. Because of this difference, capital
investments in machinery and equipment are typically much higher in the
manufacturing industry.
Logistics
Traditional manufacturing supply chain management focuses on logistics in terms of moving
physical material from one location to another. The size and weight of objects being shipped
and the distance from the supplier to the manufacturing facility can play a major role in the
cost of the product. In service organizations, particularly in the financial sectors, these
factors are irrelevant because no physical product is moving except perhaps a few sheets of
paper. While the manufacturing industry tries to negotiate better shipping rates and fill
containers with product to reduce unit cost, the service industry upgrades servers and
installs new software to speed the flow of communication, thereby reducing the labor costs
necessary to produce a finished product.
Finished Goods
Traditionally, a finished good is a product that has been completely transformed from a raw
material form to a form that is ready to sell to the customer. It's a physical unit that has
been assembled, tested and packaged, and is now sitting on a shelf at a warehouse or a
store, ready to be sold. In the service industry, a finished good equals a closed file. The loan
has been booked, the home sale has closed, or the class has been completed, leaving no
physical evidence except a few sheets of paper. However, the goal of either finished product
is a customer who is satisfied with the product or service she paid for.

11. Optimization
In a manufacturing organization, optimization of the supply chain is accomplished
primarily by improving speed of delivery and reducing cost. Companies work to
reduce physical bottlenecks and inventory, and negotiate better pricing on raw
materials. The main way to speed production is to find a faster way to move or
manipulate the components. A research paper published by Eastern Illinois
University points out that the main drivers of optimization in a service model are
relationships and information flow. By eliminating virtual bottlenecks caused by
duplicate approval loops or other intangible delays, a service company can realize
the same goal as the manufacturing company: a lower-cost finished product,
delivered to the customer more quickly.
10.How the role of growing tolls affecting the logistic industry of Meghalaya?
Ans. The aim of this article is to analyse the interaction among the major barriers, which
hinder or prevent the application of reverse logistics in automobile industries. A key task of
top management is to diagnose those barriers of reverse logistics that could be crucial to
the survival of the organization in the future. Existing models have focused on diagnosing
these barriers independently. As a result, we lack a holistic view in understanding the
barriers that hinder reverse logistics. This paper utilizes the Interpretive Structural Modeling
(ISM) methodology to understand the mutual influences among the barriers so that those
driving barriers, which can aggravate few more barriers and those independent barriers,
which are most influenced by driving barriers are identified. By analyzing the barriers using
this model, we may extract crucial barriers that hinder the reverse logistics activities. It can
be observed that there are some barriers, which have both high driving power and
dependency, thus needing more attention. An actual example of a small case automobile
company provides some managerial insights into the methodology.