This study characterized 16 sugarcane genotypes based on 20 morphological traits. The genotypes were from diverse collections including the USA, South Africa, and Brazil. Cluster analysis divided the genotypes into four clusters based on their traits. Cluster I comprised 25% of genotypes and had medium height, leaf shape, and no streaks or pubescence. Cluster II had one genotype with intermediate traits like tall stature. Cluster III contained 43.75% of genotypes with intermediate traits like medium height and green color. Cluster IV comprised 25% of genotypes commonly having small legule size and light red dewlap color. The study concluded morphological traits can be used for varietal identification and selection of sugarcane.
Exploration and inventorying of weeds in wheat CROP OF THE DISTRIC T MALAKAN...Shujaul Mulk Khan
District Malakand lies on the northern side of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The landscape represents both plain and hilly regions. Various kinds of crops are grown among which wheat is cultivated on large scale. In order to explore weed species diversity in the region, a phytosociological survey was conducted in the summer 2014. Such study was required as there has been no such record of weeds diversity of the region. Different fields were selected at various localities of the district. The total number of fields selected was 120 and in each field 10, 1x1m 2 quadrats were laid. A questionnaire was also circulated to investigate about the farming practices and most dangerous species of weeds having greater effect on production and post harvest losses of wheat. Plants were collected from various localities, voucher numbers were given to specimens and other relevant data pertaining to locality i.e., habitat, habit, family, scientific and local names of each species. Mounted copy of each voucher specimen was deposited to the Herbarium of Hazara University Mansehra. This study not only provided first inventory of weed plants but it also helped point out most dangerous species related to wheat yield losses. Results of this study revealed a total of 132 weeds plant species belonging to 110 genera and 42 families. Most of the species investigated were Angiosperms. Family Asteraceae was the richest family related to species diversity with 18 species and 17 genera. It is followed by Poaceae having 16 species and 16 genera. Next in succession are family Brasicaceae with 10 genera and 16 species and family Boraginaceae with 5 genera and 7 species. Other families like Caryophyllaceae, Papilionaceae, Fabaceae, Polygonaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Umbilliferae have 6,6,4,5,4 and 3 species and 6,3,4,3,3 and 3 genera respectively. Species like Silybum marianum (Asteraceae), Emex spinosa (Polygonaceae) and Circium arvense (Asteraceae) are considered to be the most threatening species during the time of harvesting the crop. Further study along this line is the basic part of the on-going project which will provide a base line for the development of agricultural crops in the region.
Investigation of Correlation Coefficient for Forage and Grain Yield with Rela...Premier Publishers
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a staple worldwide in both human and animal nutrition. It is mainly grown for livestock, depending on its grain and forage yield in Turkey. This study was based on defining correlation coefficients of some oat genotypes (nine lines and three cultivars) in Konya, Turkey, among fodder and grain yields, and their components. The experimental design of this study was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The correlations were analyzed after harvesting at milk to dough period. The findings illustrated that there was a significant positive correlation between green fodder yield and leaf weights in ten stems, and grain yield and the number of panicles stems per square meter. The highest negative correlations was found between green fodder yield and the number of panicles stems per square meter, and grain yield and 50% flowering periods in addition to green fodder yield. This research suggests that the number of panicles stems per square meter and dry fodder yield would be selection criteria for grain yield. The number of leaves per stem, the number of nodes, and plant height would also be considered for green fodder yield by oat breeders in their program in Anatolia.
Weed species composition and distribution pattern in the maize crop under the...Shujaul Mulk Khan
Weeds are unwanted plant species growing in ordinary environment. In nature there are a total of 8000 weed species out of which 250 are important for agriculture world. The present study was carried out on weed species composition and distribution pattern with special reference to edaphic factor and farming practices in maize crop of District Mardan during the months of August and September, 2014. Quadrates methods were used to assess weed species distribution in relation to edaphic factor and farming practices. Phytosociological attributes such as frequency, relative frequency, density, relative density and Importance Values were measured by placing 9 quadrates (1 × 1 m2) randomly in each field. Initial results showed that the study area has 29 diverse weed species belonging to 27 genera and 15 families distributed in 585 quadrats. Presence and absence data sheet of 29 weed species and 65 fields were analyzed through PC-ORD version 5. Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analyses initiated four different weed communities with significant indicator species and with respect to underlying environmental variables using data attribute plots. Canonical Correspondence Analyses (CCA) of CANOCO software version 4.5 was used to assess the environmental gradients of weed species. It is concluded that among all the edaphic factors the strongest variables were higher concentration of potassium, organic matter and sandy nature of soil. CCA plots of both weed species and sampled fields based on questionnaire data concluded the farming practices such as application of fertilizers, irrigation and chemical spray were the main factors in determination of weed communities.
Analysis of genetic diversity among the different wheat (Triticum aestivum L....Jiban Shrestha
This document analyzes the genetic diversity among 41 wheat genotypes through cluster and principal component analysis based on various agronomic traits. The genotypes were clustered into 4 groups. Cluster 4 and 2 had genotypes with desirable traits like high yield, effective tillers, grain size etc. Cluster 3 had genotypes with late maturity and lower yield. Based on the analysis, genotypes HD 1982 and Pitic 62 were identified as high yielding and suitable for the terai region of Nepal. Principal component analysis supported the cluster analysis results.
The diversity and Conservation strategies of Banana and Coconut.Dheeraj Sharma
The document discusses diversity and conservation strategies for banana and coconut. For banana, it describes important varieties grown in India like Dwarf Cavendish, Robusta, and Rasthali. It also outlines conservation methods like field collections, in vitro collections, and cryopreservation. The National Research Centre on Banana maintains over 4500 accessions of banana germplasm. For coconut, it provides an overview of major coconut producing countries and describes coconut genetic resources and collections in India maintained by the Coconut Research Institute.
This document contains summaries of 8 articles from the HortFlora Research Spectrum journal. The articles discuss various topics related to horticulture and plant science:
1) Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo) leaves contain chemicals with antioxidant properties and have been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat blood disorders and enhance memory. Studies have found some evidence it may help treat dementia and leg circulation issues.
2) A study of 10 pomegranate and ber orchards in India found low to medium levels of nutrients like organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the soils, which were positively correlated with fruit yield and quality attributes.
3) The document discusses expanding cultivation of tasar silk host plants combined with
This document provides information about a student's visit to forest research stations in Bhubaneswar, India. It summarizes research on fruit crops at the Central Horticultural Experiment Station (CHES), including varietals identification, sustainable production technologies, and germplasm collection. It also describes a visit to the Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI) regional center, covering research on tuber crops like elephant foot yam, greater yam, cassava, and sweet potato. Finally, it outlines the aims of the Silvicultural Research Station in Bhubaneswar to conduct research on tree species and supply quality planting materials through techniques like budding and grafting.
INDICATOR SPECIES ANALYSES OF WEED COMMUNITIES OF MAIZE CROP IN DISTRICT MARD...Shujaul Mulk Khan
Weeds are unwanted plant species growing in natural environment. Composition and abundance of weeds are influenced by number of environmental variables as well as farming practices in an ecosystem. Present study was formulated to measure the effect of environmental variables on weed species composition, abundance, distribution pattern and formation of various weeds communities in Union Council Shahbaz Ghari (total area 3956 ha, Agriculture land 1701 ha), District Mardan. Quantitative ecological techniques by adapting quadrat method were used to assess environmental variability and weed species distribution in the targeted region. Nine quadrats of 1×1 m2 size were placed randomly in 65 different fields of the UC. Phytosociological attributes such as density, frequency, relative density, relative frequency and Importance Values were measured for each field. Preliminary results showed that UC Shahbaz Ghari has 29 different weed species belong to 15 different families. Presence absence (1,0) data of 29 species and 65 fields were analyzed using Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analysesvia PC-ORD version 5 resulting four major weed communities. Dominant weed species of the area are Cyperus rotundus, Urochloa panicoides, Brachiaria ramosa, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Commelina benghalensis and Canvolvulus arvensis while Cannabis sativa, Ipomea purpurea, Amaranthus blitoides, Xanthium strumarium, Lactuca dissecta and Cucurbita maxima are rare weed species. Indicator Species Analyses (ISA) of data identified indicators of each sort of micro environmental condition. Based on our findings, it is recommended that awareness can be created among farmers especially about their farming practices to minimize noxious weeds of maize crop
Key words: Cluster analyses, indicator species analyses, maize, PC-ORD, weeds and Weed communities.
Exploration and inventorying of weeds in wheat CROP OF THE DISTRIC T MALAKAN...Shujaul Mulk Khan
District Malakand lies on the northern side of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The landscape represents both plain and hilly regions. Various kinds of crops are grown among which wheat is cultivated on large scale. In order to explore weed species diversity in the region, a phytosociological survey was conducted in the summer 2014. Such study was required as there has been no such record of weeds diversity of the region. Different fields were selected at various localities of the district. The total number of fields selected was 120 and in each field 10, 1x1m 2 quadrats were laid. A questionnaire was also circulated to investigate about the farming practices and most dangerous species of weeds having greater effect on production and post harvest losses of wheat. Plants were collected from various localities, voucher numbers were given to specimens and other relevant data pertaining to locality i.e., habitat, habit, family, scientific and local names of each species. Mounted copy of each voucher specimen was deposited to the Herbarium of Hazara University Mansehra. This study not only provided first inventory of weed plants but it also helped point out most dangerous species related to wheat yield losses. Results of this study revealed a total of 132 weeds plant species belonging to 110 genera and 42 families. Most of the species investigated were Angiosperms. Family Asteraceae was the richest family related to species diversity with 18 species and 17 genera. It is followed by Poaceae having 16 species and 16 genera. Next in succession are family Brasicaceae with 10 genera and 16 species and family Boraginaceae with 5 genera and 7 species. Other families like Caryophyllaceae, Papilionaceae, Fabaceae, Polygonaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Umbilliferae have 6,6,4,5,4 and 3 species and 6,3,4,3,3 and 3 genera respectively. Species like Silybum marianum (Asteraceae), Emex spinosa (Polygonaceae) and Circium arvense (Asteraceae) are considered to be the most threatening species during the time of harvesting the crop. Further study along this line is the basic part of the on-going project which will provide a base line for the development of agricultural crops in the region.
Investigation of Correlation Coefficient for Forage and Grain Yield with Rela...Premier Publishers
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a staple worldwide in both human and animal nutrition. It is mainly grown for livestock, depending on its grain and forage yield in Turkey. This study was based on defining correlation coefficients of some oat genotypes (nine lines and three cultivars) in Konya, Turkey, among fodder and grain yields, and their components. The experimental design of this study was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The correlations were analyzed after harvesting at milk to dough period. The findings illustrated that there was a significant positive correlation between green fodder yield and leaf weights in ten stems, and grain yield and the number of panicles stems per square meter. The highest negative correlations was found between green fodder yield and the number of panicles stems per square meter, and grain yield and 50% flowering periods in addition to green fodder yield. This research suggests that the number of panicles stems per square meter and dry fodder yield would be selection criteria for grain yield. The number of leaves per stem, the number of nodes, and plant height would also be considered for green fodder yield by oat breeders in their program in Anatolia.
Weed species composition and distribution pattern in the maize crop under the...Shujaul Mulk Khan
Weeds are unwanted plant species growing in ordinary environment. In nature there are a total of 8000 weed species out of which 250 are important for agriculture world. The present study was carried out on weed species composition and distribution pattern with special reference to edaphic factor and farming practices in maize crop of District Mardan during the months of August and September, 2014. Quadrates methods were used to assess weed species distribution in relation to edaphic factor and farming practices. Phytosociological attributes such as frequency, relative frequency, density, relative density and Importance Values were measured by placing 9 quadrates (1 × 1 m2) randomly in each field. Initial results showed that the study area has 29 diverse weed species belonging to 27 genera and 15 families distributed in 585 quadrats. Presence and absence data sheet of 29 weed species and 65 fields were analyzed through PC-ORD version 5. Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analyses initiated four different weed communities with significant indicator species and with respect to underlying environmental variables using data attribute plots. Canonical Correspondence Analyses (CCA) of CANOCO software version 4.5 was used to assess the environmental gradients of weed species. It is concluded that among all the edaphic factors the strongest variables were higher concentration of potassium, organic matter and sandy nature of soil. CCA plots of both weed species and sampled fields based on questionnaire data concluded the farming practices such as application of fertilizers, irrigation and chemical spray were the main factors in determination of weed communities.
Analysis of genetic diversity among the different wheat (Triticum aestivum L....Jiban Shrestha
This document analyzes the genetic diversity among 41 wheat genotypes through cluster and principal component analysis based on various agronomic traits. The genotypes were clustered into 4 groups. Cluster 4 and 2 had genotypes with desirable traits like high yield, effective tillers, grain size etc. Cluster 3 had genotypes with late maturity and lower yield. Based on the analysis, genotypes HD 1982 and Pitic 62 were identified as high yielding and suitable for the terai region of Nepal. Principal component analysis supported the cluster analysis results.
The diversity and Conservation strategies of Banana and Coconut.Dheeraj Sharma
The document discusses diversity and conservation strategies for banana and coconut. For banana, it describes important varieties grown in India like Dwarf Cavendish, Robusta, and Rasthali. It also outlines conservation methods like field collections, in vitro collections, and cryopreservation. The National Research Centre on Banana maintains over 4500 accessions of banana germplasm. For coconut, it provides an overview of major coconut producing countries and describes coconut genetic resources and collections in India maintained by the Coconut Research Institute.
This document contains summaries of 8 articles from the HortFlora Research Spectrum journal. The articles discuss various topics related to horticulture and plant science:
1) Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo) leaves contain chemicals with antioxidant properties and have been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat blood disorders and enhance memory. Studies have found some evidence it may help treat dementia and leg circulation issues.
2) A study of 10 pomegranate and ber orchards in India found low to medium levels of nutrients like organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the soils, which were positively correlated with fruit yield and quality attributes.
3) The document discusses expanding cultivation of tasar silk host plants combined with
This document provides information about a student's visit to forest research stations in Bhubaneswar, India. It summarizes research on fruit crops at the Central Horticultural Experiment Station (CHES), including varietals identification, sustainable production technologies, and germplasm collection. It also describes a visit to the Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI) regional center, covering research on tuber crops like elephant foot yam, greater yam, cassava, and sweet potato. Finally, it outlines the aims of the Silvicultural Research Station in Bhubaneswar to conduct research on tree species and supply quality planting materials through techniques like budding and grafting.
INDICATOR SPECIES ANALYSES OF WEED COMMUNITIES OF MAIZE CROP IN DISTRICT MARD...Shujaul Mulk Khan
Weeds are unwanted plant species growing in natural environment. Composition and abundance of weeds are influenced by number of environmental variables as well as farming practices in an ecosystem. Present study was formulated to measure the effect of environmental variables on weed species composition, abundance, distribution pattern and formation of various weeds communities in Union Council Shahbaz Ghari (total area 3956 ha, Agriculture land 1701 ha), District Mardan. Quantitative ecological techniques by adapting quadrat method were used to assess environmental variability and weed species distribution in the targeted region. Nine quadrats of 1×1 m2 size were placed randomly in 65 different fields of the UC. Phytosociological attributes such as density, frequency, relative density, relative frequency and Importance Values were measured for each field. Preliminary results showed that UC Shahbaz Ghari has 29 different weed species belong to 15 different families. Presence absence (1,0) data of 29 species and 65 fields were analyzed using Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analysesvia PC-ORD version 5 resulting four major weed communities. Dominant weed species of the area are Cyperus rotundus, Urochloa panicoides, Brachiaria ramosa, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Commelina benghalensis and Canvolvulus arvensis while Cannabis sativa, Ipomea purpurea, Amaranthus blitoides, Xanthium strumarium, Lactuca dissecta and Cucurbita maxima are rare weed species. Indicator Species Analyses (ISA) of data identified indicators of each sort of micro environmental condition. Based on our findings, it is recommended that awareness can be created among farmers especially about their farming practices to minimize noxious weeds of maize crop
Key words: Cluster analyses, indicator species analyses, maize, PC-ORD, weeds and Weed communities.
Effect of Poultry Droppings on Growth and Fruit Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus es...IJEAB
The effect of poultry droppings on growth and fruit yield of okra was evaluated during 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching and Research Farm Mokwa Sub- Station (90181N and 504E) with altitude of 378.0 m above the sea level of the Southern Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria. The trial was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design which consisted of ten (10) treatment combinations with three replications. Different rates of poultry droppings (t ha-1); 0 (No application), 5 t ha-1, 10 t ha-1, 15 t ha-1 and 20 t ha-1 with two okra varieties, LD 88- 1 and Kukurasungi Local were used. Data was taken from five sampled plants per plot on parameters such as average plant height per plant (cm), number of leaves per plant, number of flowers per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit length (cm) and green fruit yield (t ha-1). Results from this study showed that in the two years trial LD 88- 1 variety performed better than Kukurasungi Local and therefore can be used for okra production within the study area. Poultry droppings rate of 15 t ha-1 increased the fruit yield. Therefore, this can be applied as part of cultural treatment.
Breeding for dual purpose attributes in sorghum. Identification of materials ...Maarouf Mohammed
This study investigated the potential for developing high-yielding dual-purpose (grain and fodder) sorghum cultivars. 122 sorghum genotypes were screened and 21 were selected based on traits like early flowering, high regrowth, plant height, panicle size, and grain/fodder yield. These 21 genotypes plus 3 checks were evaluated in field trials. Significant variation was found among genotypes for fodder and grain yields. Some genotypes like SG33 and S.25Abu70 showed potential for high dual yields. Positive associations were found between grain and fodder yields and related traits, suggesting dual-purpose cultivars can be developed by combining high levels of these traits.
ADVANCES IN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF SWEET POTATOpavanknaik
This document provides information on sweet potato production technology and crop improvement. It discusses the botanical details of sweet potato, describes popular varieties from different research institutes in India, and outlines cultivation practices. It also summarizes some research studies that evaluated the effects of fertilizers, bio-regulators, and post-harvest techniques on sweet potato growth and yield.
Combining ability of inbred lines in quality protein maize (QPM) for varietal...Premier Publishers
Information on the combining ability of elite germplasm is essential to maximize their use for variety development. Sixty-six F1 crosses resulted from diallel crosses of 12 QPM inbred lines and two standard checks BHQP542 and Melkassa6Q were evaluated to determine general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability for yield and yield related traits using alpha-lattice design with two replications during the 2013 cropping season at Mechara. Analysis of variance showed that mean squares due to entries were significant for most traits studied, indicates existence of variability among the materials. Mean squares due to crosses and crosses versus checks were also significant for most studied traits. GCA and SCA mean squares revealed highly significant (p<0.01) differences for grain yield and most yield related traits. Inbred lines P1, P3 and P12 were good general combiners as the lines showed significant and positive GCA effects for grain yield. Among the crosses, P2 x P11 and P6 x P8 manifested positive and significant SCA effects for grain yield, indicating high yielding potential of the cross combinations. In general, this study identified inbred lines and hybrid combinations that had desirable expression of important traits which will be useful for the development of high yielding varieties.
Effect of Cow Manure on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Content of MungbeanSYED TARIK MAHABUB
Cow manure had significant positive effects on the growth, yield, and nutrient content of mungbean plants. Applying 10 tons of cow manure per hectare resulted in the tallest plants, most leaves, branches, and pods per plant. It also led to the earliest flowering, fastest maturity, longest pods, highest seed and stover yields, and greatest nutrient levels in the seeds. Applying 5 tons of cow manure per hectare produced similar beneficial results. The control treatment with no cow manure consistently had the lowest values. The study demonstrates that cow manure improves mungbean productivity by enhancing various growth parameters and nutrient uptake.
The effect of potassium on growth and yield of strawberry (FRAGARIA ANANASSA ...Shujaul Mulk Khan
Fragaria ananassa (Duchesne ex Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier (Strawberry) variety chandler of Agriculture Research Station (ARS) Baffa, Mansehra was evaluated for different growth and yield parameters under five treatments. In this experiment Potassium was used in 5 different treatments of 3 replications (T0 = Control, T1 = 200 g/6.75m², T2 = 400 g/6.75m², T3 = 600 g/6.75m², T4 = 800 g/6.75m²). The results showed maximum value under T3 (405g/6.75m²) for characteristics like survival percentage (83.54%), plant height (32.05cm), canopy size (13.62cm), crown diameter (2.73cm), number of branches (35.83), number of leaves (67.00), leaf length (5.87cm), root length (3.51cm), total number of fruits (43.93), days to 50% fruiting (233.67), fruit diameter (3.96cm), fruit weight (411.40g). Moreover, transplanting date (20th Sep, 2013) is suitable to get maximum yield of strawberry variety “Chandler”. The findings of this experiment showed that great variations in morphological, physical and agronomic traits of strawberry variety and can be utilized to develop high yield and better quality of strawberry.
Performance Evaluation of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea Capitata) Cultivars in M...AI Publications
Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea Capitata) is being one of the most popular and demanded vegetables and in Nepal. Five cultivars; Wonder ball, Green voyager, Green challenger, Omphalus and Green coronet were transplanted in first week of October in 2016 and 2017 consequently years in mid-hills (Kathmandu valley, 1300 masl) and grown during winter season with 45X45 cm spacing. Crops were fertilized with 200:120:100 N.P.K Kg/ha and 15 ton FYM/ha. One spray insecticide and fungicide were sprayed in the early season for crop establishment. The main objective of this experiment was to find out suitable high yielding and insect pest and disease field tolerant hybrid cabbage cultivars for commercial growing in mid-hills of Nepal. Crops were evaluated with its vegetative, insect pest and disease, yield and farmers and consumers response in two consecutive years. Result showed that among the tested cultivars Wonder ball was found highly uniform, vigorous, less attack by insect pest and disease, significantly higher yield (71.7 t/ha), higher average head weight (1622 g), early harvestable (95 days), freshness (4.0) and market preference (4.0) as compared to check Green coronet widely grown cultivar Green coronet which has only yield (57.91 t/ha), average head weight (1358 g), days to harvest (114 days), freshness (3.0) and market preference (3.0) respectively. It was followed by Green challenger which had yield (57.77), average head weight (1387), earlier harvestable (95 days), freshness (4.0) and market preference (4.0). Hence, Wonder ball and Green challenger have been selected and recommended for varietal registration and commercial cultivation in mid-hills of Nepal.
Population dynamics of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard cropInnspub Net
The present study was designed to record the distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard crop at Okara district. Sampling was made from Brassica compestris crop through pitfall traps. Equal number of traps were placed in three rows e.g. along the boundary, middle of the field and centre of the field. Each trap was filled with mixture solution of alcohol and glycerin (70:30%) along with few drops of kerosene oil. After 5 days interval sample traps was collected and spider specimens were washed with distilled water and permanently stored in labeled glass vials, and brought into the Pest Control Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Thereafter, each spider specimen was identified according to the taxonomic material and internet source. Identified data was analyzed statistically to quantify their spatial distribution. Maximum spatial distribution of spider population was documented in middle transect than boundary and centre of the mustard crop. It was also observed that temperature, humidity and prey availability were the major factors that effecting the spider population. Population variations were recorded during the months of February, March and April in 2015, due to rise of temperature, decrease of humidity and availability of prey. Conclusively, spiders have some correlation with suitable local conditions or habitat. More over, spiders are cost effective, functionally significant and play important role in regulating decomposer population. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/population-dynamics-of-ground-dwelling-spider-genera-among-mustard-crop/
Inheritance of grain yield and grain yield components in barleMuhammad Anas
The document summarizes a study on the inheritance of grain yield and yield components in four barley cultivars (Karan-19, Karan-201, Karan-4 and Karan-521) over two growing seasons. The highest average grain yield was observed in cultivar Karan-4 (4.935 t/ha). During both years, cultivar Karan-4 achieved the highest average 1000 grain weight (50.74 g) while cultivar Karan-19 had the highest average test weight (72.68 kg/hl). Weather conditions varied between the two growing seasons, with 2018/2019 receiving more rainfall overall.
Distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among berseem crop at Okara dis...Innspub Net
The present study was designed to record the distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among berseem crop at Okara district. Sampling was made from Trifolium crop on fortnight basis through pitfall traps. Equal number of traps were placed in three rows e.g. along the boundary, middle of the field and centre of the field. Each trap was filled with mixture solution of alcohol and glycerin (70:30%) along with few drops of kerosene oil. After 5 days interval sample traps was collected and spider specimens were washed with distilled water and permanently stored in labeled glass vials, and brought into the Pest Control Laboratory, Departmentof Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Thereafter, each spider specimen was identified according to the taxonomic material and internet source. Identified data was analyzed statistically to quantify their spatial distribution. Overall maximum spatial distribution of spider population was documented in middle transect than boundary and centre of the berseem crop. It was also observed that temperature, humidity, vegetation and prey availability were the major factors that effecting the spider population. Population variations were recorded during the months of February, March and April in 2015, due to rise of temperature, decrease of humidity and availability of prey. It was concluded that despite to cosmopolitan nature, spiders have some correlation with suitable local conditions or habitat. More over, spiders are cost effective, functionally significant and play a key role in regulating decomposer population. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/distribution-of-ground-dwelling-spider-genera-among-berseem-crop-at-okara-district-pakistan/
The document summarizes research on the performance of eight winter wheat breeding lines under conditions in Peshawar, Pakistan. The lines were evaluated over two growing seasons for traits related to yield and adaptability. Significant differences were found among the lines for several traits including days to maturity, tillers per square meter, flag leaf area, plant height, spikelets per spike, grains per spike, biological yield, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield. Heritability estimates for the traits ranged from 0.60 to 0.89, indicating a strong genetic control of the traits. The results provide information on genetic variability and heritable traits that can be useful for the continued breeding and development of high-yielding winter wheat varieties suited to
Genetic Diversity and Selection Criteria in Blast Resistance Rice (Oryza sati...Premier Publishers
This study evaluated genetic diversity among 16 advanced blast-resistant rice lines under tropical environments. Three field experiments were conducted from 2016 to 2018 in Malaysia. Various agronomic traits were measured, including plant height, tillers, panicles, grain weight, and yield. Genetic diversity was analyzed using multivariate analysis. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation were observed for traits like tonnes per hectare, grain weight per plot, and kilograms per plot, indicating significant genetic influence. Heritability was also high for several traits. Cluster analysis grouped the lines into nine major clusters based on assessed characters. The study aims to identify promising lines and guide future rice breeding programs in Malaysia.
An Agronomic field study was conducted at University of Limpopo Experimental farm, Syferkuil, over two summer growing seasons to determine the optimum phosphorus (P) rate and also assess the productivity of pigeonpea under intercrop with maize. Five P rates (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 kg P ha-1) were evaluated under sole and intercropped pigeonpea. Treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Results revealed that variable P fertilizer rates exerted significant effect on pigeonpea grain yield in both seasons. Highest grain yields of 922 and 1141.7 kg ha-1 under sole and intercrop plots, respectively, were achieved at 45 kg P ha-1 during first and second seasons, respectively. However, the predicted optimum grain yield of 734 and 1034 kg ha-1 based on the response model was achieved at 52.67 kg P ha-1 and 42.84 kg P ha-1, in the respective seasons. Intercropping achieved a significantly higher pigeonpea grain yield (+37%) during second year than sole cropping following P addition; with over 21% mean grain yield advantage across the two planting seasons. Hence, depending on the inherent soil-P level, application of 42-53 kg P ha-1 under pigeonpea/maize intercrop represents the range at which P is optimum for maximum pigeonpea grain yield and better returns for farmers.
Performance evaluation of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) and variability study...Premier Publishers
This study evaluated 13 upland rice varieties over two locations in Ethiopia for yield and other traits. Significant differences were found among varieties for several traits. The highest yielding varieties were Chewaka, Hiddassie, and Fogera 1. Chewaka yielded 5395.8 kg/ha on average, 25.8-35% more than the check. Most varieties matured within 120-130 days. High heritability was found for days to heading, panicle length, and grain yield, indicating these traits can be easily improved through selection. Grain yield also had high genetic variation and heritability with genetic advance, suggesting yield can be improved through selection. This study identified variability that can be used
Variability and heritability of nutritional composition among L. siceraria la...Innspub Net
Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley of the Cucurbitaceae family has nutritious tender shoots, fruits, and seeds that are of culinary use in rural communities as vegetables. However, no studies on variation, correlation, heritability and genetic advance of its nutritional traits were conducted in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This study aimed to characterise nutritional variability and heritability among L. siceraria genotypes from different origins. Nutritional traits were compared among different landraces using ANOVA, correlation, principal component analysis, cluster analysis and heritability estimates. Landraces varied significantly in their nutritional traits. Significant positive correlations were recorded among nutritional traits. The first three informative principal components had a total variability of 80.270%. Landraces in a biplot and dendrogram clustered closely to the nutritional components they strongly relate with, either positively or negatively. In five distinct clusters, landraces NRC, KSP and NRB were singletons in Clusters I, II and V, respectively. Cluster (III) consisted of NqSC, KSC, KRI, NSRC and DSI; whereas Cluster IV grouped landraces NSRC, RRP, MSC, NSRP, NqRC and RSP. High heritability estimates and genetic advance were recorded among nutritional traits. Therefore, this study serves as a reference for potential L. siceraria germplasm with ideal nutritional composition for future breeding programmes.
The HortFlora Research Spectrum (HRS), is an international-peer reviewed, open access journal that serves as a forum for the exchange and dissemination of R & D advances and innovations in all facets of Horticultural Science (Pomology, Olericulture, Floriculture, Post Harvest Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Medicinal & Aromatic Plants etc.) and its allied branches on an international level.
HRS is officially published quarterly (March, June, September and December) every year, in English (print & online version), under the keen auspices of Biosciences & Agriculture Advancement Society (BAAS), Meerut (India).
Aims & Scope
The main objective of the journal ‘HortFlora Research Spectrum’ is to serve as a platform to promote, publish and disseminate the R & D innovations and advances in all aspects of Horticultural Sciences and allied branches of botanical sciences & technology, and to facilitate closer interaction among the academicians, researchers and entrepreneurs at global scale.
The journal HortFlora Research Spectrum (HRS), having International impact (ICV: 27.39; GIF: 0.471, IBI Factor: 2.8; NJIF: 2.14)), publishes high quality peer reviewed/refereed original research papers, review articles and research notes on all aspects of Horticultural plants’ research including agronomic management, plant nutrition, biotechnology, crop improvement, plant protection, plant physiology, cell & molecular biology, medicinal & aromatic plants, food & nutrition science, agroforestry, environmental science, plant medicinal properties, ethno-phytomedicine, technology dissemination etc.
Knowledge of the magnitude of genetic variability, heritability and genetic gains in selection of desirable characters could assist the plant breeder in ascertaining criteria to be used for the breeding programmes. Ten open pollinated maize varieties were evaluated at the Teaching and Research farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, during 2005 and 2006 cropping seasons to estimate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of grain yield and its component characters. The effect of genotype and genotype by year interaction were significant for ear weight and grain yield, while the effect of year was highly significant (P< 0.01) for all the characters. High magnitude of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations as well as high heritability along with high genetic advance recorded for grain yield, number of grains ear-1, ear weight, plant and ear heights provides evidence that these parameters were under the control of additive gene effects and effective selection could be possible for improvement for these characters. Tze Comp3 C2, Acr 94 Tze Comp5, Tze Comp 4-Dmr Srbc2 and Acr 90 Pool 16-Dt were identified as outstanding genotypes for maize grain yield and should be tested at multilocation for their yield performance.
No 15. correlation and genetic distance on sixteen rice varieties grown under...PARTNER, BADC, World Bank
The document summarizes a study on the correlation between traits and genetic distance among 16 rice varieties grown using the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method. Key findings include:
1) Plant dry weight was positively correlated with time of harvest, number of effective tillers, and grain yield. Weed population was positively correlated with time of harvest and number of effective tillers.
2) Varieties formed two major groups (Group A and Group B) based on cluster analysis. Group A had two clusters and Group B had five varieties in one cluster.
3) Selection of traits like plant dry weight or varieties showing relationships/proximity could benefit rice breeding programs.
Response of commercial rice germplasm on agronomic traitAlexander Decker
This document analyzes the response of five commercial rice varieties to seed contaminants. Purity tests found the Basmati Super variety had the highest germination rate of 96% and least contaminants, while KSK-133 and KS-282 had higher levels of impurities and lower germination rates. Most varieties showed similar shoot growth, while IR-06 was more stunted. KSK-133 exhibited the longest roots. Analysis found the presence of fungi like Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium associated with the seeds, indicating potential risks to food safety if not properly stored.
Effect of Poultry Droppings on Growth and Fruit Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus es...IJEAB
The effect of poultry droppings on growth and fruit yield of okra was evaluated during 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching and Research Farm Mokwa Sub- Station (90181N and 504E) with altitude of 378.0 m above the sea level of the Southern Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria. The trial was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design which consisted of ten (10) treatment combinations with three replications. Different rates of poultry droppings (t ha-1); 0 (No application), 5 t ha-1, 10 t ha-1, 15 t ha-1 and 20 t ha-1 with two okra varieties, LD 88- 1 and Kukurasungi Local were used. Data was taken from five sampled plants per plot on parameters such as average plant height per plant (cm), number of leaves per plant, number of flowers per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit length (cm) and green fruit yield (t ha-1). Results from this study showed that in the two years trial LD 88- 1 variety performed better than Kukurasungi Local and therefore can be used for okra production within the study area. Poultry droppings rate of 15 t ha-1 increased the fruit yield. Therefore, this can be applied as part of cultural treatment.
Breeding for dual purpose attributes in sorghum. Identification of materials ...Maarouf Mohammed
This study investigated the potential for developing high-yielding dual-purpose (grain and fodder) sorghum cultivars. 122 sorghum genotypes were screened and 21 were selected based on traits like early flowering, high regrowth, plant height, panicle size, and grain/fodder yield. These 21 genotypes plus 3 checks were evaluated in field trials. Significant variation was found among genotypes for fodder and grain yields. Some genotypes like SG33 and S.25Abu70 showed potential for high dual yields. Positive associations were found between grain and fodder yields and related traits, suggesting dual-purpose cultivars can be developed by combining high levels of these traits.
ADVANCES IN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF SWEET POTATOpavanknaik
This document provides information on sweet potato production technology and crop improvement. It discusses the botanical details of sweet potato, describes popular varieties from different research institutes in India, and outlines cultivation practices. It also summarizes some research studies that evaluated the effects of fertilizers, bio-regulators, and post-harvest techniques on sweet potato growth and yield.
Combining ability of inbred lines in quality protein maize (QPM) for varietal...Premier Publishers
Information on the combining ability of elite germplasm is essential to maximize their use for variety development. Sixty-six F1 crosses resulted from diallel crosses of 12 QPM inbred lines and two standard checks BHQP542 and Melkassa6Q were evaluated to determine general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability for yield and yield related traits using alpha-lattice design with two replications during the 2013 cropping season at Mechara. Analysis of variance showed that mean squares due to entries were significant for most traits studied, indicates existence of variability among the materials. Mean squares due to crosses and crosses versus checks were also significant for most studied traits. GCA and SCA mean squares revealed highly significant (p<0.01) differences for grain yield and most yield related traits. Inbred lines P1, P3 and P12 were good general combiners as the lines showed significant and positive GCA effects for grain yield. Among the crosses, P2 x P11 and P6 x P8 manifested positive and significant SCA effects for grain yield, indicating high yielding potential of the cross combinations. In general, this study identified inbred lines and hybrid combinations that had desirable expression of important traits which will be useful for the development of high yielding varieties.
Effect of Cow Manure on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Content of MungbeanSYED TARIK MAHABUB
Cow manure had significant positive effects on the growth, yield, and nutrient content of mungbean plants. Applying 10 tons of cow manure per hectare resulted in the tallest plants, most leaves, branches, and pods per plant. It also led to the earliest flowering, fastest maturity, longest pods, highest seed and stover yields, and greatest nutrient levels in the seeds. Applying 5 tons of cow manure per hectare produced similar beneficial results. The control treatment with no cow manure consistently had the lowest values. The study demonstrates that cow manure improves mungbean productivity by enhancing various growth parameters and nutrient uptake.
The effect of potassium on growth and yield of strawberry (FRAGARIA ANANASSA ...Shujaul Mulk Khan
Fragaria ananassa (Duchesne ex Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier (Strawberry) variety chandler of Agriculture Research Station (ARS) Baffa, Mansehra was evaluated for different growth and yield parameters under five treatments. In this experiment Potassium was used in 5 different treatments of 3 replications (T0 = Control, T1 = 200 g/6.75m², T2 = 400 g/6.75m², T3 = 600 g/6.75m², T4 = 800 g/6.75m²). The results showed maximum value under T3 (405g/6.75m²) for characteristics like survival percentage (83.54%), plant height (32.05cm), canopy size (13.62cm), crown diameter (2.73cm), number of branches (35.83), number of leaves (67.00), leaf length (5.87cm), root length (3.51cm), total number of fruits (43.93), days to 50% fruiting (233.67), fruit diameter (3.96cm), fruit weight (411.40g). Moreover, transplanting date (20th Sep, 2013) is suitable to get maximum yield of strawberry variety “Chandler”. The findings of this experiment showed that great variations in morphological, physical and agronomic traits of strawberry variety and can be utilized to develop high yield and better quality of strawberry.
Performance Evaluation of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea Capitata) Cultivars in M...AI Publications
Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea Capitata) is being one of the most popular and demanded vegetables and in Nepal. Five cultivars; Wonder ball, Green voyager, Green challenger, Omphalus and Green coronet were transplanted in first week of October in 2016 and 2017 consequently years in mid-hills (Kathmandu valley, 1300 masl) and grown during winter season with 45X45 cm spacing. Crops were fertilized with 200:120:100 N.P.K Kg/ha and 15 ton FYM/ha. One spray insecticide and fungicide were sprayed in the early season for crop establishment. The main objective of this experiment was to find out suitable high yielding and insect pest and disease field tolerant hybrid cabbage cultivars for commercial growing in mid-hills of Nepal. Crops were evaluated with its vegetative, insect pest and disease, yield and farmers and consumers response in two consecutive years. Result showed that among the tested cultivars Wonder ball was found highly uniform, vigorous, less attack by insect pest and disease, significantly higher yield (71.7 t/ha), higher average head weight (1622 g), early harvestable (95 days), freshness (4.0) and market preference (4.0) as compared to check Green coronet widely grown cultivar Green coronet which has only yield (57.91 t/ha), average head weight (1358 g), days to harvest (114 days), freshness (3.0) and market preference (3.0) respectively. It was followed by Green challenger which had yield (57.77), average head weight (1387), earlier harvestable (95 days), freshness (4.0) and market preference (4.0). Hence, Wonder ball and Green challenger have been selected and recommended for varietal registration and commercial cultivation in mid-hills of Nepal.
Population dynamics of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard cropInnspub Net
The present study was designed to record the distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard crop at Okara district. Sampling was made from Brassica compestris crop through pitfall traps. Equal number of traps were placed in three rows e.g. along the boundary, middle of the field and centre of the field. Each trap was filled with mixture solution of alcohol and glycerin (70:30%) along with few drops of kerosene oil. After 5 days interval sample traps was collected and spider specimens were washed with distilled water and permanently stored in labeled glass vials, and brought into the Pest Control Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Thereafter, each spider specimen was identified according to the taxonomic material and internet source. Identified data was analyzed statistically to quantify their spatial distribution. Maximum spatial distribution of spider population was documented in middle transect than boundary and centre of the mustard crop. It was also observed that temperature, humidity and prey availability were the major factors that effecting the spider population. Population variations were recorded during the months of February, March and April in 2015, due to rise of temperature, decrease of humidity and availability of prey. Conclusively, spiders have some correlation with suitable local conditions or habitat. More over, spiders are cost effective, functionally significant and play important role in regulating decomposer population. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/population-dynamics-of-ground-dwelling-spider-genera-among-mustard-crop/
Inheritance of grain yield and grain yield components in barleMuhammad Anas
The document summarizes a study on the inheritance of grain yield and yield components in four barley cultivars (Karan-19, Karan-201, Karan-4 and Karan-521) over two growing seasons. The highest average grain yield was observed in cultivar Karan-4 (4.935 t/ha). During both years, cultivar Karan-4 achieved the highest average 1000 grain weight (50.74 g) while cultivar Karan-19 had the highest average test weight (72.68 kg/hl). Weather conditions varied between the two growing seasons, with 2018/2019 receiving more rainfall overall.
Distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among berseem crop at Okara dis...Innspub Net
The present study was designed to record the distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among berseem crop at Okara district. Sampling was made from Trifolium crop on fortnight basis through pitfall traps. Equal number of traps were placed in three rows e.g. along the boundary, middle of the field and centre of the field. Each trap was filled with mixture solution of alcohol and glycerin (70:30%) along with few drops of kerosene oil. After 5 days interval sample traps was collected and spider specimens were washed with distilled water and permanently stored in labeled glass vials, and brought into the Pest Control Laboratory, Departmentof Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Thereafter, each spider specimen was identified according to the taxonomic material and internet source. Identified data was analyzed statistically to quantify their spatial distribution. Overall maximum spatial distribution of spider population was documented in middle transect than boundary and centre of the berseem crop. It was also observed that temperature, humidity, vegetation and prey availability were the major factors that effecting the spider population. Population variations were recorded during the months of February, March and April in 2015, due to rise of temperature, decrease of humidity and availability of prey. It was concluded that despite to cosmopolitan nature, spiders have some correlation with suitable local conditions or habitat. More over, spiders are cost effective, functionally significant and play a key role in regulating decomposer population. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/distribution-of-ground-dwelling-spider-genera-among-berseem-crop-at-okara-district-pakistan/
The document summarizes research on the performance of eight winter wheat breeding lines under conditions in Peshawar, Pakistan. The lines were evaluated over two growing seasons for traits related to yield and adaptability. Significant differences were found among the lines for several traits including days to maturity, tillers per square meter, flag leaf area, plant height, spikelets per spike, grains per spike, biological yield, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield. Heritability estimates for the traits ranged from 0.60 to 0.89, indicating a strong genetic control of the traits. The results provide information on genetic variability and heritable traits that can be useful for the continued breeding and development of high-yielding winter wheat varieties suited to
Genetic Diversity and Selection Criteria in Blast Resistance Rice (Oryza sati...Premier Publishers
This study evaluated genetic diversity among 16 advanced blast-resistant rice lines under tropical environments. Three field experiments were conducted from 2016 to 2018 in Malaysia. Various agronomic traits were measured, including plant height, tillers, panicles, grain weight, and yield. Genetic diversity was analyzed using multivariate analysis. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation were observed for traits like tonnes per hectare, grain weight per plot, and kilograms per plot, indicating significant genetic influence. Heritability was also high for several traits. Cluster analysis grouped the lines into nine major clusters based on assessed characters. The study aims to identify promising lines and guide future rice breeding programs in Malaysia.
An Agronomic field study was conducted at University of Limpopo Experimental farm, Syferkuil, over two summer growing seasons to determine the optimum phosphorus (P) rate and also assess the productivity of pigeonpea under intercrop with maize. Five P rates (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 kg P ha-1) were evaluated under sole and intercropped pigeonpea. Treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Results revealed that variable P fertilizer rates exerted significant effect on pigeonpea grain yield in both seasons. Highest grain yields of 922 and 1141.7 kg ha-1 under sole and intercrop plots, respectively, were achieved at 45 kg P ha-1 during first and second seasons, respectively. However, the predicted optimum grain yield of 734 and 1034 kg ha-1 based on the response model was achieved at 52.67 kg P ha-1 and 42.84 kg P ha-1, in the respective seasons. Intercropping achieved a significantly higher pigeonpea grain yield (+37%) during second year than sole cropping following P addition; with over 21% mean grain yield advantage across the two planting seasons. Hence, depending on the inherent soil-P level, application of 42-53 kg P ha-1 under pigeonpea/maize intercrop represents the range at which P is optimum for maximum pigeonpea grain yield and better returns for farmers.
Performance evaluation of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) and variability study...Premier Publishers
This study evaluated 13 upland rice varieties over two locations in Ethiopia for yield and other traits. Significant differences were found among varieties for several traits. The highest yielding varieties were Chewaka, Hiddassie, and Fogera 1. Chewaka yielded 5395.8 kg/ha on average, 25.8-35% more than the check. Most varieties matured within 120-130 days. High heritability was found for days to heading, panicle length, and grain yield, indicating these traits can be easily improved through selection. Grain yield also had high genetic variation and heritability with genetic advance, suggesting yield can be improved through selection. This study identified variability that can be used
Variability and heritability of nutritional composition among L. siceraria la...Innspub Net
Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley of the Cucurbitaceae family has nutritious tender shoots, fruits, and seeds that are of culinary use in rural communities as vegetables. However, no studies on variation, correlation, heritability and genetic advance of its nutritional traits were conducted in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This study aimed to characterise nutritional variability and heritability among L. siceraria genotypes from different origins. Nutritional traits were compared among different landraces using ANOVA, correlation, principal component analysis, cluster analysis and heritability estimates. Landraces varied significantly in their nutritional traits. Significant positive correlations were recorded among nutritional traits. The first three informative principal components had a total variability of 80.270%. Landraces in a biplot and dendrogram clustered closely to the nutritional components they strongly relate with, either positively or negatively. In five distinct clusters, landraces NRC, KSP and NRB were singletons in Clusters I, II and V, respectively. Cluster (III) consisted of NqSC, KSC, KRI, NSRC and DSI; whereas Cluster IV grouped landraces NSRC, RRP, MSC, NSRP, NqRC and RSP. High heritability estimates and genetic advance were recorded among nutritional traits. Therefore, this study serves as a reference for potential L. siceraria germplasm with ideal nutritional composition for future breeding programmes.
The HortFlora Research Spectrum (HRS), is an international-peer reviewed, open access journal that serves as a forum for the exchange and dissemination of R & D advances and innovations in all facets of Horticultural Science (Pomology, Olericulture, Floriculture, Post Harvest Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Medicinal & Aromatic Plants etc.) and its allied branches on an international level.
HRS is officially published quarterly (March, June, September and December) every year, in English (print & online version), under the keen auspices of Biosciences & Agriculture Advancement Society (BAAS), Meerut (India).
Aims & Scope
The main objective of the journal ‘HortFlora Research Spectrum’ is to serve as a platform to promote, publish and disseminate the R & D innovations and advances in all aspects of Horticultural Sciences and allied branches of botanical sciences & technology, and to facilitate closer interaction among the academicians, researchers and entrepreneurs at global scale.
The journal HortFlora Research Spectrum (HRS), having International impact (ICV: 27.39; GIF: 0.471, IBI Factor: 2.8; NJIF: 2.14)), publishes high quality peer reviewed/refereed original research papers, review articles and research notes on all aspects of Horticultural plants’ research including agronomic management, plant nutrition, biotechnology, crop improvement, plant protection, plant physiology, cell & molecular biology, medicinal & aromatic plants, food & nutrition science, agroforestry, environmental science, plant medicinal properties, ethno-phytomedicine, technology dissemination etc.
Knowledge of the magnitude of genetic variability, heritability and genetic gains in selection of desirable characters could assist the plant breeder in ascertaining criteria to be used for the breeding programmes. Ten open pollinated maize varieties were evaluated at the Teaching and Research farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, during 2005 and 2006 cropping seasons to estimate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of grain yield and its component characters. The effect of genotype and genotype by year interaction were significant for ear weight and grain yield, while the effect of year was highly significant (P< 0.01) for all the characters. High magnitude of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations as well as high heritability along with high genetic advance recorded for grain yield, number of grains ear-1, ear weight, plant and ear heights provides evidence that these parameters were under the control of additive gene effects and effective selection could be possible for improvement for these characters. Tze Comp3 C2, Acr 94 Tze Comp5, Tze Comp 4-Dmr Srbc2 and Acr 90 Pool 16-Dt were identified as outstanding genotypes for maize grain yield and should be tested at multilocation for their yield performance.
No 15. correlation and genetic distance on sixteen rice varieties grown under...PARTNER, BADC, World Bank
The document summarizes a study on the correlation between traits and genetic distance among 16 rice varieties grown using the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method. Key findings include:
1) Plant dry weight was positively correlated with time of harvest, number of effective tillers, and grain yield. Weed population was positively correlated with time of harvest and number of effective tillers.
2) Varieties formed two major groups (Group A and Group B) based on cluster analysis. Group A had two clusters and Group B had five varieties in one cluster.
3) Selection of traits like plant dry weight or varieties showing relationships/proximity could benefit rice breeding programs.
Response of commercial rice germplasm on agronomic traitAlexander Decker
This document analyzes the response of five commercial rice varieties to seed contaminants. Purity tests found the Basmati Super variety had the highest germination rate of 96% and least contaminants, while KSK-133 and KS-282 had higher levels of impurities and lower germination rates. Most varieties showed similar shoot growth, while IR-06 was more stunted. KSK-133 exhibited the longest roots. Analysis found the presence of fungi like Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium associated with the seeds, indicating potential risks to food safety if not properly stored.
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
United Nations World Oceans Day 2024; June 8th " Awaken new dephts".Christina Parmionova
The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
Preliminary findings _OECD field visits to ten regions in the TSI EU mining r...OECDregions
Preliminary findings from OECD field visits for the project: Enhancing EU Mining Regional Ecosystems to Support the Green Transition and Secure Mineral Raw Materials Supply.
Donate to charity during this holiday seasonSERUDS INDIA
For people who have money and are philanthropic, there are infinite opportunities to gift a needy person or child a Merry Christmas. Even if you are living on a shoestring budget, you will be surprised at how much you can do.
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-to-donate-to-charity-during-this-holiday-season/
#charityforchildren, #donateforchildren, #donateclothesforchildren, #donatebooksforchildren, #donatetoysforchildren, #sponsorforchildren, #sponsorclothesforchildren, #sponsorbooksforchildren, #sponsortoysforchildren, #seruds, #kurnool
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Combined Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Vessel List.Christina Parmionova
The best available, up-to-date information on all fishing and related vessels that appear on the illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing vessel lists published by Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and related organisations. The aim of the site is to improve the effectiveness of the original IUU lists as a tool for a wide variety of stakeholders to better understand and combat illegal fishing and broader fisheries crime.
To date, the following regional organisations maintain or share lists of vessels that have been found to carry out or support IUU fishing within their own or adjacent convention areas and/or species of competence:
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
The Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List merges all these sources into one list that provides a single reference point to identify whether a vessel is currently IUU listed. Vessels that have been IUU listed in the past and subsequently delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service) are also retained on the site, so that the site contains a full historic record of IUU listed fishing vessels.
Unlike the IUU lists published on individual RFMO websites, which may update vessel details infrequently or not at all, the Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List is kept up to date with the best available information regarding changes to vessel identity, flag state, ownership, location, and operations.
Monitoring Health for the SDGs - Global Health Statistics 2024 - WHOChristina Parmionova
The 2024 World Health Statistics edition reviews more than 50 health-related indicators from the Sustainable Development Goals and WHO’s Thirteenth General Programme of Work. It also highlights the findings from the Global health estimates 2021, notably the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy and healthy life expectancy.
Working with data is a challenge for many organizations. Nonprofits in particular may need to collect and analyze sensitive, incomplete, and/or biased historical data about people. In this talk, Dr. Cori Faklaris of UNC Charlotte provides an overview of current AI capabilities and weaknesses to consider when integrating current AI technologies into the data workflow. The talk is organized around three takeaways: (1) For better or sometimes worse, AI provides you with “infinite interns.” (2) Give people permission & guardrails to learn what works with these “interns” and what doesn’t. (3) Create a roadmap for adding in more AI to assist nonprofit work, along with strategies for bias mitigation.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
2. Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (6): 1043-1050, 2016
1044
(latitude 35 N and 35 S ) of the world in a range of phylogenetic tree (relationship) and development of
climates from hot dry environments near sea level to cool, criteria for selection of desirable traits of economic
moist about 609 meters elevation [2]. It is thought that importance. At various international sugarcane research
sugarcane is originated from Asia as East Indonesia/ New institutes morphological parameters are used for
Guinea is a particularly rich source of Saccharum characterization. These include leaf hairs, leaf shape,
gemplasm [3]. tillers, cane color, cane attitude, maturity, stature and
The important sugarcane growing countries in world auricle color and size etc. The objectives of the present
are Australia, Cuba, Mexico, India, Brazil, Pakistan, China, studies were to morphologically characterize sugarcane
Thailand and Philippines. Sugarcane contributes about genotypes in the field and to select promising sugarcane
70% of the total sugar produced in the world while the genotypes for breeding programs and development of
remaining 30% is obtained from sugar beet [4]. Different sugarcane varieties with superior attributes.
countries produce numerous valuable by-products from
sugarcane like alcohol used by pharmaceutical industry, MATERIALS AND METHODS
ethanol used as a fuel, bagasse used for manufacturing
paper and chipboard and press mud used as a rich source This study on morphological characterization
of organic matter and nutrients for crop production. comprising qualitative attributes of 16 sugarcane
Sugarcane is an important cash crop of the genotypes (Table 1) was conducted at Sugar Crops
Pakistan and Pakistan holds a prominent position in the Research Institute, Mardan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,
world among the cane producing countries. In cane Pakistan) during the spring cropping seasons of 2010-11.
acreage, it ranks fifth while 15 in cane production. Asia Double sets with three buds were used as sowing
th
is ranked 1 in the production of sugarcane in the world, materials. Plant to plant distance was kept as 90cm.
st
followed by Europe. The average Pakistan’s sugar Recommended dose of fertilizer was applied as N
yield is about 4 t ha , while other sugarcane cultivating (150 Kg ha ), P (100 Kg ha ) and K (100 Kg ha ) from
1
countries, having yields of 6 to 13 t ha . During 2012-13, Sulphate of Potash (SOP), Di Ammonium Phosphate
1
the area covered by sugarcane crop in Pakistan was 1124 (DAP) and Urea as 225.00 kg DAP ha at planting time
thousand hectares with cane production of 62472 and 250.00 kg SOP with 125 kg urea ha in May/June.
thousand tons, while the average cane yield was 55.580 t Urea was additionally applied as 125.00 kg ha at the time
ha [5]. During 2011-12, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), of earthing up. Data were recorded on 20 morphological
1
the cultivated area under sugarcane crop was 105.90 qualitative traits. Description of each qualitative trait is
thousand hectares with cane production of given in Table 2. The data were recorded from the central
4684.29thousand tons while the average cane yield was row only in each plot at time of crop maturity.
44.23 t ha [6]. Morphological traits were scored according to the
-1
Morphological traits as markers have considerable description given by Skinner [7] and Artschwager [8] with
utility in plant breeding in germplasm management. modifications for this study regarding growth and habit of
They are simple, easy and do not require complicated sugarcane crop in this area. For classification of cane
equipments for their scoring. Scientific classification of height, tillering and thickness, the following scale was
plant species depends on morphological traits. In used.
sugarcane breeding, morphological characterization of
genotypes, wild species and landraces is essential for Cane height
breeders to develop sugarcane varieties with superior Less than 120 cm = Dwarf
attributes. The characterization of sugarcane germplasm 121-170 cm = Medium tall
is based on morphological attributes and growth 171- 220 and above = Tall
parameters such as cane weight, amount of trash, weight Tillering
of tops, leaf sheath and shape, attitude, internode, node Less than 140 = Poor
and bud, drought index, dewlap, auricle and legule. 141-200 = Moderate
Morphological characterization is a pre-requisite for the 201-260 and above = Good
protection of newly developed sugarcane varieties and to Thickness
maintain the purity and uniformity of the existing varieties. Less than 20 mm = Thin
Morphological characterization helps the breeders and 21-22 = Medium
researchers for identification of varieties, construction of 23-24 and above = Thick
1 1 1
1
1
1
3. Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (6): 1043-1050, 2016
1045
Table 1: List of 16 sugarcane genotypes and their source used for morphological characterization at SCRI, Mardan, during 2010-11.
S.No Genotypes Source
1 MS91CP272 USDA-ARS stations at Canal Point, USA
2 MS94CP15 USDA-ARS stations at Canal Point, USA
3 MS91CP238 USDA-ARS stations at Canal Point, USA
4 MS92CP979 USDA-ARS stations at Canal Point, USA
5 MS99HO391 USDA-ARS stations, Houma, Louisiana, USA
6 S97CP288 USDA-ARS stations at Canal Point, USA
7 MS99HO317 USDA-ARS stations, Houma, Louisiana, USA
8 RS97N45 South African Research Institute, Natal (South Africa)
9 MS99HO388 USDA-ARS stations, Houma, Louisiana, USA
10 MS99HO675 USDA-ARS stations, Houma, Louisiana, USA
11 MS99HO93 USDA-ARS stations, Houma, Louisiana, USA
12 S96SP1215 São Paulo (Brazil)
13 Hoth127 USDA-ARS stations, Houma, Louisiana, USA and Sugarcane Research Institute, Thatta
14 CP89831 USDA-ARS stations at Canal Point, USA
15 CP77400 (Check-I) USDA-ARS stations at Canal Point, USA
16 Mardan93 (Check-II) USDA-ARS stations at Canal Point, USA
MS: Mardan Selection, Hoth: Houma-Thatta, SP: São Paulo, HO: Houma, N: Natal
USDA-ARS: United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service
Table 2: List of morphological qualitative attributes of 16 sugarcane genotypes.
Traits Classes
1. Cane Height: i) Tall ii) Medium iii) Dwarf
2. Cane Color: i) White ii) Yellow iii) Light green iv) Green v) Light red vi) Red vii) Purple
3. Hardness: i) Soft ii) Medium iii) Hard
4. Thickness: i) Thick ii) Medium iii) Thin
5. Leaf Color: i) Light green ii) Green iii) Dark green
6. Attitude: i) Erect ii) Semi-erect iii) Horizontal iv) Drooping
7. Leaf Shape: i) Broad ii) Medium iii) Narrow
8. Ligule Size: i) Small ii) Medium iii) Large
9. Dewlap Color: i) White ii) Yellow iii) Light Green iv) Green v) Light Red vi) Pubescence
10. Pith: i) Absent ii) Moderate iii) Pithy
11. Bud Shape: i) Rounded ii) Ovate iii) Pointed
12. Lodging: i) Low (Tolerant) ii) Medium iii) High
13. Streaks: i) Nil ii) Few iii) Moderate iv) Many
14. Wax: i) Weak ii) Medium iii) Strong
15. Tillering: i) Poor ii) Moderate iii) Good
16. Pubescence: i) Sparse ii) Medium iii) Profuse
17. Growth: i) Upright ii) Inter med iii) Bent
18. Maturity: i) Early ii) Medium iii) Late
19. Tops: i) Light ii) Moderate iii) Heavy
20. Trash: i) Self ii) Moderate iii) Clinging
Statistical Analysis: Cluster analysis was used to RESULTS
determine the genetic diversity among the genotypes.
The phenogram was constructed by complete linkage The analyzed data for morphological attributes
cluster analysis using the SAHN (Sequential, along with frequency of each parameter is shown in
Agglomerative, Hierarchical and Nested) option of Table 3. Considerable variations were manifested for
statistical software NTSYS-pc 2.2 version [9]. The tillering, hardness, thickness, bud shape, legule size, cane
morphological attributes were standardized by using height, cane color, pith, dewlap color, attitude, growth,
STAND module prior to cluster analysis. The matrix of tops and maturity. On the basis of these traits sugarcane
average taxonomic distance for individuals and breeders easily characterize different genotypes and can
morphological traits was then calculated using SIMINIT therefore, maintain and ensure the purity of breeding
function and Euclidean distance coefficient. material.
4. Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (6): 1043-1050, 2016
1046
Table 3: Frequency distribution of qualitative traits of 16 sugarcane genotypes
Traits Frequency Frequency % Traits Frequency Frequency %
Cane Height Pith
Tall 3 18.75 Absent 8 50.00
Medium 13 81.25 Moderate 4 25.00
Dwarf 0 0.00 Pithy 4 25.00
Cane Color Bud Shape
White 3 18.75 Rounded 3 18.75
Yellow 3 18.75 Ovate 4 25.00
Light green 0 0.00 Pointed 9 56.25
Green 8 50.00 Lodging
Light red 0 0.00 Low 7 43.75
Red 0 0.00 Medium 9 56.25
Purple 2 12.50 High 0 0.00
Hardness Streaks
Soft 1 6.25 Nil 13 81.25
Medium 8 50.00 Few 3 18.75
Hard 7 43.75 Moderate 0 0.00
Thickness Many 0 0.00
Thick 5 31.25 Wax
Medium 8 50.00 Medium 9 56.25
Thin 3 18.75 Strong 7 43.75
Leaf Color Tillering
Light green 6 37.50 Poor 3 18.75
Green 4 25.00 Moderate 9 56.25
Dark green 6 37.50 Good 4 25.00
Attitude Pubescence
Erect 3 18.75 Sparse 11 68.75
Semi- erect 7 43.75 Medium 5 31.25
Horizontal 4 25.00 Growth
Droopy 2 12.50 Upright 4 25.00
Leaf Shape Inter mediate 5 31.25
Broad 3 18.75 Bent 7 43.75
Medium 11 68.75 Maturity
Narrow 2 12.50 Early 6 37.50
Ligule Size Medium 5 31.25
Small 9 56.25 Late 5 31.25
Medium 6 37.50 Tops
Large 1 6.25 Light 5 31.25
Dewlap Color Moderate 8 50.00
White 4 25.00 Heavy 3 18.75
Yellow 1 6.25 Trash
Light Green 1 6.25 Self 8 50.00
Green 1 6.25 Moderate 8 50.00
Light red 9 56.25 Clinging 0 0.00
Pubescence 0 0.00
5. Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (6): 1043-1050, 2016
1047
Table 4: Euclidean's distances among 16 Sugarcane genotypes calculated from morphological qualitative data of 2010-11
MS91 MS94 MS91 MS92 MS99 S97 MS99 RS97 MS99 MS99 MS99 S96 Hoth CP89 CP77
Genotypes CP272 CP15 CP238 CP979 HO391 CP288 HO317 N45 HO388 HO675 HO93 SP1215 127 831 400
MS94CP15 5.83 0.00
MS91CP238 5.06 5.05 0.00
MS92CP979 4.43 5.26 3.95 0.00
MS99HO391 5.73 5.87 5.29 6.22 0.00
S97CP288 6.82 6.07 7.01 5.93 5.99 0.00
MS99HO317 4.97 5.80 2.87 3.91 4.55 6.62 0.00
RS97N45 5.87 4.31 4.31 4.90 4.98 5.43 5.22 0.00
MS99HO388 5.78 5.43 6.63 5.22 7.00 3.96 6.93 5.49 0.00
MS99HO675 6.10 2.62 5.08 5.32 6.30 5.45 5.86 4.39 4.82 0.00
MS99HO93 6.03 3.72 5.15 5.64 5.26 4.48 5.49 3.98 5.45 3.58 0.00
S96SP1215 6.25 3.12 5.21 5.90 4.81 5.07 5.27 3.89 6.16 3.38 2.30 0.00
Hoth127 6.34 5.99 7.43 6.56 6.30 2.95 7.26 5.68 3.11 5.58 5.44 5.69 0.00
CP89831 6.04 3.56 5.40 5.23 5.31 4.16 5.55 3.82 4.69 3.29 2.80 2.76 4.57 0.00
CP77400 6.46 4.58 6.49 5.98 6.70 4.32 6.75 5.77 3.93 4.24 5.13 5.07 4.34 4.14 0.00
Mardan93 6.63 3.97 5.44 5.40 5.68 4.53 5.72 3.78 4.70 4.09 3.12 3.68 5.13 3.00 4.22
Fig. 1: Dendrogram of genetic relationship among into sub-cluster IIIA and sub-cluster IIIB. The sub-cluster
sugarcane genotypes based on morphological IIIA consisted of six genotypes MS94CP15, MS99HO675,
qualitative traits. MS99HO93, MS-97-SP-1215, CP89831 and MS99HO93
Cluster Analysis: Among the multivariate statistical RS97N45. The cluster-IV was composed of four
techniques, numerical taxonomy is primarily concerned genotypes S97CP288, Hoth127, MS99HO388 and CP77400.
with phenotypic relationships. It was developed in the
late 1950s and commonly used in species classification Characteristics of Genotypes in Each Cluster
based on morphological attributes [10]. Detail Cluster-I: The cluster-I possessed four (25%)sugarcane
morphological attributes in the present study (categorized genotypes. Common traits in this cluster were medium
sugarcane genotypes using numerical taxonomy) and cane height and leaf shape and was devoid of streaks and
these helped to build a profile for each genotype.
Cluster analysis using Unweighted Pair Group Method
with Arithmetic means showed a general agreement
with the four group classification system in the present
study. The four traditional groups in the dendrogram
revealed that the investigated morphological characters
were useful in classifying sugarcane genotypes used in
this study.
The results of cluster analysis are presented as
phylogenetic tree in Fig.1. Pair wise Euclidean distance
ranged from 2.30 to 7.43. The highest Euclidean distance
(7.43) was recorded between genotypes Hoth127 and
MS91CP238, while the lowest (2.30) between genotypes
S96SP1215 and MS99HO93 (Table 4). The cluster analysis
classified 16 sugarcane genotypes into four different
clusters at Euclidean distance of 4.99. The cluster-I
possessed four genotypes MS91CP272, MS91CP238,
MS99HO317andMS92CP979.ThegenotypeMS99HO391
was separately branched into cluster-II. The cluster-III
showed intra cluster variations and was further divided
while the sub-cluster IIIB comprised the solitary genotype
6. Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (6): 1043-1050, 2016
1048
pubescence. The rest of attributes were intermediate lodging and pubescence), moderate tillering and tops.
among other clusters. Most of the genotypes in this
cluster possessed medium thickness, light green leaf
color, horizontal attitude, medium legule size, white
dewlap color, pointed bud shape, tolerance against
lodging, good tillering ability, early maturity, moderate
tops and self-trashing. Distinctive characteristics of each
genotype are givenas follows.
MS91CP272: This genotype was characterized by
medium cane height, yellow cane color, medium hardness
and medium girth, light green leaf color, semi-erect
attitude, medium sized of leaf shape, medium size legule,
white dewlap color, moderate pith, rounded bud shape,
low lodging, no streaks, medium wax, good tillering
ability, sparse type pubescence, intermediate growth,
medium maturity, moderate tops and self-trash.
MS91CP238: This genotype had medium cane height,
green cane color, hard type hardness, thick girth, green
leaf color, erect attitude, medium leaf and legule size, white
dewlap color, no pith, pointed bud shape, low lodging, no
streaks, strong wax, good tillering ability, sparse type
pubescence, upright growth, early maturity, moderate
tops and trash.
MS99HO317: This genotype had medium cane height,
green cane color, hard type hardness, medium girth, light
green leaf color, semi-erect attitude, medium leaf shape,
large legule size, white dewlap color, no pith, pointed bud
shape, moderate lodging, no streaks, strong wax,
moderate tillering ability, sparse pubescence, intermediate
growth, early maturity, heavy tops and self-trash.
MS92CP979: The genotype MS92CP979 had medium
cane height, yellow cane color, medium hardness and
thickness, light green leaf color, semi-erect attitude,
medium leaf shape and legule size, yellow dewlap color,
moderate pith, pointed bud shape, low lodging, no
streaks, medium wax, good tillering ability, sparse
pubescence, upright growth, early maturity, moderate
tops and self-trash.
Cluster-II: This cluster embodied maximum diversity and
was separately branched. This cluster was having of only
one (6.25%) sugarcane genotype which manifested those
attributes which were intermediate among other clusters
including, tallness, light red cane color, droopy attitude,
broad leaf shape, white dewlap color, no pith and streaks,
rounded bud shape, self-trashing, medium (legule size,
Distinctive characteristics of this genotype are given as
follows.
MS99HO391: This genotype had tall cane height, green
cane color, hard type of hardness, medium girth, dark
green leaf color, horizontal attitude, broad leaf shape,
medium legule size, white dewlap color, no pith, rounded
bud shape, moderate lodging, no streaks, strong wax,
moderate tillering ability, medium pubescence, profuse
growth, early maturity, moderate tops and self-trash.
Cluster-III: The cluster-III comprised seven
(43.75%)sugarcane genotypes. Most of the genotypes in
this cluster possessed medium cane height, green cane
color, medium hardness, dark green leaf color, medium leaf
size, small legule size, light dewlap color, no pith and
streaks, medium wax, moderate tillering, sparse
pubescence, bent type of growth and moderate trashing.
Distinctive characteristics of each genotype are given as
follows.
MS94CP15: This genotype had tall cane height, green
cane color, soft type hardness, thin girth, dark green leaf
color, erect attitude, medium leaf shape and legule size,
green dewlap color, no pith, ovate bud shape, low
lodging, no streaks, medium wax, moderate tillering ability,
sparse pubescence, upright growth, medium maturity,
moderate tops and self-trash.
MS99HO675: This genotype had medium cane height,
green cane color, medium hardness, thin girth, green leaf
color, erect attitude, medium leaf shape, small legule size,
light red dewlap color, no pith, ovate bud shape, low
lodging, no streaks, medium wax, moderate tillering ability,
medium pubescence, upright growth, medium maturity,
heavy tops and moderate trash.
MS99HO93: This genotype had medium cane
height, purple cane color, medium hardness, thick
girth, green leaf color, horizontal attitude, medium leaf
shape, small legule size, light red dewlap color, moderate
pith, pointed bud shape, medium lodging, no streaks,
medium wax, moderate tillering ability, medium
pubescence, bent growth, late maturity, light tops and
moderate trash.
MS97SP1215: Genotype had medium cane height,
purple cane color, medium hardness, thin girth, dark
green leaf color, horizontal attitude, broad leaf shape,
medium legule size, light red dewlap color, no pith,
7. Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (6): 1043-1050, 2016
1049
pointed bud shape, medium lodging, no streaks, pubescence, bent growth, late maturity, light tops and
medium wax, poor tillering ability, sparse pubescence, moderate trash.
bent growth, late maturity, heavy tops and moderate
trash. MS99HO388: This genotype had medium cane height,
CP89831: This genotype had tall cane height, green cane color, semi-erect attitude, narrow leaf shape, small legule
color, medium hardness and girth, green leaf color, size, light red dewlap color, pithy, ovate bud shape, low
horizontal attitude, medium leaf shape, small legule size, lodging, few streaks, strong wax, good tillering, medium
light red dewlap color, no pith, pointed bud shape, pubescence, intermediate growth, medium maturity, light
medium lodging, no streaks, strong wax, moderate tops and self-trash.
tillering, sparse pubescence, bent growth, medium
maturity, moderate tops and trash. CP77400: This genotype had medium cane height, white
Mardan93: This genotype had medium cane height, green semi erect attitude, narrow leaf shape, small legule size,
cane color, medium hardness and girth, dark green leaf light red dewlap color, no pith, ovate bud shape, no
color, erect attitude, medium leaf shape, small legule size, lodging, no streaks, medium wax, moderate tillering,
light red dewlap color, moderate pith, pointed bud shape, sparse pubescence, intermediate growth, late maturity,
medium lodging, few streaks, medium wax, moderate moderate tops and self-trash.
tillering, sparse pubescence, bent growth, early maturity,
light tops and self trash. DISCUSSION
RS97N45: This genotype had medium cane height, For sugarcane breeders description of various
green cane color, hard, medium girth, dark green leaf color, cane varieties through morphological markers is of
erect attitude, broad leaf shape, small legule size, light fundamental importance to ensure purity of sugarcane
green dewlap color, pithy, pointed bud shape, medium varieties in the field. In the present study the genotypes
lodging, no streaks, strong wax, moderate tillers, sparse showed differences and were therefore, classified into
pubescence, intermediate growth, early maturity, moderate four different clusters on the basis of morphological
tops and trash. qualitative traits. Pair wise Euclidean distance ranged from
Cluster-IV: The cluster-IV comprised four (25%) between genotypes Hoth127 and MS91CP238 which
genotypes. Small legule size and light red dewlap color indicated that these genotypes were diverse from each
were the common among all the genotypes of this cluster. other. The lowest Euclidean distance was recorded
Other traits like medium cane height, white cane color, between genotypes S96SP1215 and MS99HO93 which
hard type hardness, thick girth, light green leaf color, pith, showed that these two genotypes had a very narrow
late maturity and light tops were exhibited by most of the genetic background.
genotypes of this cluster. Distinctive characteristics of In the present study, 62.50% of the genotypes had
each genotype are given as follows. erected and semi erect attitude while 18.75% of the
S97CP288: This genotype had medium cane height, attitude, lesser leaves with straight lamina, small round
yellow cane color, hard, thick girth, light green leaf color, buds and blade joint are essential quality traits that makes
droopy attitude, medium leaf size, small legule size, light the cane variety suitable for mechanical farming and post-
red dewlap color, pithy, pointed bud shape, medium harvest handling [11]. In country like Pakistan where most
lodging, no streaks, medium wax, poor tillering ability, of the growers use manual harvesting, prefer the variety
medium pubescence, bent growth, late maturity, light tops having erect attitude coupled with no pubescence or
and moderate trash. sparse pubescence. Most of the genotypes (68.75%) had
Hoth127: This genotype had medium cane height, white resistant host plant (hypersensitive reaction) [12]. The
cane color, hard and thick girth, light green leaf color, progressive growers even search for more traits like erect
horizontal attitude, medium leaf shape, small legule size, attitude, yellow or white color, green leaves, no
light red dewlap color, pithy, rounded bud shape, medium pubescence, no streaks and lodging. The traits influenced
lodging, few streaks, strong wax, poor tillering, sparse highly by environmental factors are usually of
white cane color, hard and thick girth, light green leaf
cane color, soft, medium thickness, dark green leaf color,
2.30 to 7.43. The highest Euclidean distance was recorded
genotypes had small rounded bud shape. Erect cane
sparse pubescence, which is used as a control measure by
8. Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (6): 1043-1050, 2016
1050
quantitative nature e.g., size, number and color. These 2. Elahi, N.N. and M. Ashraf, 2001. A comparative study
traits have a less contribution in sugarcane varietal of the morphological characters of six sugarcane
identification as compared to stable traits e.g., shape, varieties. Pak.J. Bot., 33(Special issue): 503-516.
structure and arrangement of aerial organs [13]. In our 3. Berding, N. and B. T. Roach, 1987. Germplasm
study, 25% of genotypes had green leaves. Abubakar et Collection, Maintenance and Use. Elsevier. New
al. [12] reported that green leaves of cane variety harvest York., pp: 143-210.
maximum sunlight during photosynthesis process. 4. Khan, I.A., S. Bibi, S. Yasmin, A. Khatri, N. Seema
Maximum genotypes (56.25%) had wax on cane surface. and S.A. Abro, 2012. Correlation studies of
Piscitelli [14] reported that among the morphological agronomic traits for higher sugar yield in Sugarcane.
qualitative traits, wax and shapes of the aerial organ are Pak. J. Bot., 44(3): 969-971.
very important because these are not influenced by 5. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, 2012-13. Government of
environmental fluctuations. Hence these can be used in Pakistan, Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs,
selection process in any cane breeding program. Islamabad,http://www.pbs.gov.pk/
CONCLUSIONS Pakhtunkhwa. Crop reporting Services, Agriculture,
Morphological markers have been widely used as 7. Skinner, J.C, 1972. Description of sugarcane
genetic markers in sugarcane breeding and germplasm genotypes. Botanical description. Proc. ISSCT,
management. These attributes provide peculiar plant 14: 124-127.
distinctions and thus facilitate germplasm categorization. 8. Artschwager, E., 1942. A comparative analysis of the
The four group classification system in present studies vegetative characteristics of some variants of
displayed phenotypic relationships among the sugarcane Saccharum spontaneum. U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull.,
genotypes. The genotypes MS91CP272, MS91CP238, pp: 811-55.
MS99HO317 and MS92CP979 could be selected on the 9. Rohlf,F.J.,2005.NTSYS-pcNumericalTaxonomyand
basis of cane height, tillering ability, early maturity, bud Multivariate Analysis System, version 2.2. Exeter
shape, wax, lodging, pubescence, leaf color, cane color, Publications, Applied Biostatistics Inc. 2005, New
pith, attitude and streaks. York.
The genotypes clustered for valuable traits could be 10. Sneath, P.H.A, 2001. Numerical taxonomy. In:
exploited for crop improvement programs either through Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Microbiology. (Eds.):
selection or hybridization. The genotypes in various D. Boone and R.W. Castenholz., Springer, New York
clusters exhibited variations for morphological traits. 1(2).
These genotypes can be a part of the future breeding 11. Farooq, M., 1989. Morphological and agricultural
programs to develop improved varieties of sugarcane. characteristics of sugarcane in relation to mechanized
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS characters and morphological description of
This research was funded by the Higher Education pp: 51- 61.
Commission (HEC) of Pakistan. The research was 12. Abubakar, L., A.A. Aliero, S.G. Mohammed, S.
conducted at the experimental fields of Sugar Crops Mohammed, M. Musa and T.S. Bubuche, 2013.
Research Institute (SCRI), Mardan. All the authors are Preliminary Evaluation of Some Qualitative Traits of
very thankful to the technical staff of the institute.All Sugarcane Germplasm of North-Western Nigeria.
authors contributed well in preparation of different Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 21(2):
sections of this paper. Mr. Rab Nawaz contributed in data 116-121.
analysis using different computer soft wares. 13. Artschwager, E., 1940. Morphology of the vegetative
REFERENCES 14. Piscitelli, F.R., 1994. Principals
1. Nawaz, S., F.A. Khan, S. Tabasum, M.Z. Iqbal and A. azucar. TUC Iindustralyagricos., 7: 49-57.
Saeed, 2010. Genetic studies of “noble cane” for
identification and exploitation of genetic
markers.Genet. Mol. Res., 9(2): 1011-1022.
6. Crops Statistics, 2011-12. Government of Kyber
Livestock and Coop: Dept.
cultivation. Proceeding of workshop on agricultural
sugarcane varieties held at NARC, Islamabad,
organs of sugarcane. J. Agric. Res., 60: 503-549.
caracteresexomorfologicos de cultures de cana de