Schools first began in Australia over 200 years ago in New South Wales and other early settlements. Public school systems were established later in the 1800s, beginning with primary schools and expanding to secondary schools. Universities first emerged in the mid-19th century. Education was initially only available to wealthier classes and was not standardized or compulsory. The government began establishing schools and setting education guidelines in the 1830s to promote an orderly society through teaching literacy, morality, and citizenship. Access to education expanded in the later 1800s-1900s but barriers remained for those in lower socioeconomic classes, rural areas, Indigenous communities, and those with disabilities or health issues.
Who we are - The Black Curriculum Charity (UK)Marisa Bell
The Black Curriculum is an initiative that aims to have Black history taught throughout the school year in UK schools. It recognizes that Black history is underrepresented and not mandatory in the national curriculum. The initiative delivers one-hour workshops in schools to educate students on Black British history and broaden cultural awareness. Its goal is to improve engagement, self-esteem, and educational attainment for Black students by empowering them through their history and culture. The workshops are led by educators and cover 12 topics over the school year.
The residential school system in Canada forcibly removed Indigenous children from their families and communities for over a century in order to assimilate them into Euro-Canadian culture and Christianity. Over 150,000 Indigenous children attended the schools where many suffered physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. This caused severe and intergenerational trauma for Indigenous communities as their culture and languages were destroyed. While the government has apologized and provided some reparations, Indigenous groups argue more action is needed to address the ongoing impacts and heal from this dark part of Canadian history.
Asignatura: Historia de los países de habla inglesa / History of english-speaking countries.
✏ Quality education in Canada, its evolution and responses to the UN agreements.
Objetivo 4: Quality education / Goal 4: Quality education
By: Julia del Carmen Jurado Muñoz
This document provides details about the barrio high school movement started by Dr. Ciriaco Santiago Orata in the Philippines in the 1960s. It summarizes:
1) Orata introduced the concept of barrio high schools in 1964 to bring secondary education to rural areas, using existing elementary school facilities after hours. The schools charged nominal tuition to be self-supporting.
2) The initial experimental barrio high schools in 1965 were successful, with students outperforming their town counterparts. This led to the expansion of the program.
3) Over time, the barrio high school movement gained support through organizations providing funds, materials, and teacher training to over 1,500 schools
This document provides a summary of artifacts from the Museum of Indian Residential Schools, including photographs, documents and objects that illustrate the experiences of Indigenous children who attended the residential school system in Canada. The system aimed to assimilate Indigenous children through a strict curriculum that emphasized Christianity, English and Canadian customs while prohibiting Indigenous languages and culture. Artifacts on display include a wooden doll crafted by a student, documents outlining the curriculum and hierarchy within schools, a photograph of nursing instruction and a letter from a student describing physical abuse suffered at their school. together, the artifacts provide insight into the tragic legacy and intergenerational impacts of the residential school system on Indigenous communities and families in Canada.
We will be doing this lesson following the first. It will be done the same way (lecture). There is an assignment at the end, which will also be posted on facebook and it will be due 7 days from the time we go over the assignment
The British education system has three main stages: primary school, secondary school, and further/higher education. Education is compulsory between ages 5-16 and free for the majority attending public schools, though some attend private fee-paying public schools. While the education departments in each country manage their own systems, there is little central control over individual schools. Most schools follow the National Curriculum which sets standards for subjects and achievement levels. Beyond age 16, many students continue their education at school or in universities, polytechnics, or colleges.
The document provides an overview of the metamorphosis of Philippine education through history from Spanish rule to present day. It discusses the education system under Spanish, American, Japanese, and post-war administrations. It then outlines issues in the Philippine education system including quality, accessibility, curriculum, and budget issues. Several development initiatives are presented, including the K-12 program which extended basic education to 12 years. Issues, concerns, and needs of the education system are also summarized.
Who we are - The Black Curriculum Charity (UK)Marisa Bell
The Black Curriculum is an initiative that aims to have Black history taught throughout the school year in UK schools. It recognizes that Black history is underrepresented and not mandatory in the national curriculum. The initiative delivers one-hour workshops in schools to educate students on Black British history and broaden cultural awareness. Its goal is to improve engagement, self-esteem, and educational attainment for Black students by empowering them through their history and culture. The workshops are led by educators and cover 12 topics over the school year.
The residential school system in Canada forcibly removed Indigenous children from their families and communities for over a century in order to assimilate them into Euro-Canadian culture and Christianity. Over 150,000 Indigenous children attended the schools where many suffered physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. This caused severe and intergenerational trauma for Indigenous communities as their culture and languages were destroyed. While the government has apologized and provided some reparations, Indigenous groups argue more action is needed to address the ongoing impacts and heal from this dark part of Canadian history.
Asignatura: Historia de los países de habla inglesa / History of english-speaking countries.
✏ Quality education in Canada, its evolution and responses to the UN agreements.
Objetivo 4: Quality education / Goal 4: Quality education
By: Julia del Carmen Jurado Muñoz
This document provides details about the barrio high school movement started by Dr. Ciriaco Santiago Orata in the Philippines in the 1960s. It summarizes:
1) Orata introduced the concept of barrio high schools in 1964 to bring secondary education to rural areas, using existing elementary school facilities after hours. The schools charged nominal tuition to be self-supporting.
2) The initial experimental barrio high schools in 1965 were successful, with students outperforming their town counterparts. This led to the expansion of the program.
3) Over time, the barrio high school movement gained support through organizations providing funds, materials, and teacher training to over 1,500 schools
This document provides a summary of artifacts from the Museum of Indian Residential Schools, including photographs, documents and objects that illustrate the experiences of Indigenous children who attended the residential school system in Canada. The system aimed to assimilate Indigenous children through a strict curriculum that emphasized Christianity, English and Canadian customs while prohibiting Indigenous languages and culture. Artifacts on display include a wooden doll crafted by a student, documents outlining the curriculum and hierarchy within schools, a photograph of nursing instruction and a letter from a student describing physical abuse suffered at their school. together, the artifacts provide insight into the tragic legacy and intergenerational impacts of the residential school system on Indigenous communities and families in Canada.
We will be doing this lesson following the first. It will be done the same way (lecture). There is an assignment at the end, which will also be posted on facebook and it will be due 7 days from the time we go over the assignment
The British education system has three main stages: primary school, secondary school, and further/higher education. Education is compulsory between ages 5-16 and free for the majority attending public schools, though some attend private fee-paying public schools. While the education departments in each country manage their own systems, there is little central control over individual schools. Most schools follow the National Curriculum which sets standards for subjects and achievement levels. Beyond age 16, many students continue their education at school or in universities, polytechnics, or colleges.
The document provides an overview of the metamorphosis of Philippine education through history from Spanish rule to present day. It discusses the education system under Spanish, American, Japanese, and post-war administrations. It then outlines issues in the Philippine education system including quality, accessibility, curriculum, and budget issues. Several development initiatives are presented, including the K-12 program which extended basic education to 12 years. Issues, concerns, and needs of the education system are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of early childhood education programs. It discusses what students learn in these programs, including child development principles, operating childcare centers, and applying knowledge through student teaching. The document also outlines different degree options in early childhood education, typical admission requirements, and career paths for graduates as teachers or aides in schools and childcare centers.
What is inequality in education?
Causes of inequality in education: socio-economic factors, religious belief, poverty, unemployment, students with special needs, regional differences etc.
Probable solutions
Douglas' 1964 research identified material factors affecting student attainment. These include low family income or unemployment, lacking a computer/internet, fewer books, no study space, less money for trips or equipment, poorer diet and health, difficulty funding further education, needing part-time jobs, attending lower-quality schools with high teacher turnover, and less access to pre-school programs. Government programs have aimed to address socioeconomic disadvantages affecting education.
The document provides an overview of the development and current state of education in the Philippines. It discusses:
1) The history and influences on the Philippine education system from pre-Spanish times through American colonial rule and the development of current policies and curricula.
2) The objectives and competencies of basic education at both elementary and secondary levels, including learning areas and statistics on enrollment, completion rates, and student/teacher ratios.
3) Issues facing higher education and technical/vocational programs, and the role of organizations like CHED in overseeing education quality.
The document discusses the pros and cons of homeschooling children compared to sending them to public or private schools. Some of the key pros mentioned include safety from threats like school shootings, allowing religious parents to choose curriculum that aligns with their values, and reducing homework hours so families have more time together in the evenings. However, one con is the purported lack of socialization, though the document argues public school does not provide realistic socialization. A study found homeschooled students scored significantly higher than public school students on standardized tests. The document also discusses ways working parents and those concerned about teaching certain subjects can make homeschooling work.
Gender Issues in Educational Administration Systems.
Gender and Contemporary Issues in Educational Practice in Pakistan.
Gender Issues in Higher Level Education
The education system in New Zealand has three main stages: early childhood education from birth to school entry age; primary and secondary school for ages 5 to 19, which is compulsory between 6 to 16; and further/higher education. Education is free at state schools between ages 5 to 19 for citizens and permanent residents. Private schools can have their own aims in addition to the national curriculum, while state schools teach the national curriculum. Some schools offer Maori-focused or international programs. Schools are well-equipped and have facilities for outdoor activities. New Zealand ranks highly in international assessments in math and science.
This document discusses Basil Bernstein's theory of cultural deprivation and language codes as it relates to class differences in education. It can be summarized as follows:
1. Bernstein proposed that working class children experience cultural deprivation that limits their intellectual development and language skills compared to middle class children.
2. He identified two main language codes - restricted code used by working class families and elaborated code used by middle class families and schools.
3. Bernstein argued that schools reward the use of elaborated code, putting working class children at a disadvantage if they only have access to restricted code in their home environment.
Educational inequality in secondary schools in three developing countries
Rhiannon Moore & Bridget Azubuike
CEID Launch Symposium
UCL Institute of Education, 15 June 2017
The Philippine education system had undergone a major transformation in the last 4 years. This is a major renovation in the existing number of years in both educational and instructional time. The implementation of the K-12 is perhaps one of the biggest change that shaken the whole Philippine education system. With the move there are many flaws identified that hinders us from becoming even more competitive globally. The implementation of the K-12 plan in the Philippine Basic Education curriculum will elevate Philippine Education to the next level. Because most countries internationally and globally have a standard basic education of 12 years therefore this reform and change is necessary for us to follow. This will provide students sufficient instructional time for various subjects where they can apply their knowledge, skills and abilities. The challenges, changes and issues involved in the process are discussed in this research study in order to enhance and assess its competitive edge.
The residential school system in Canada forcibly removed Indigenous children from their homes and placed them in residential schools from the 1870s to 1996. The schools were run by churches and funded by the Canadian government with the goal of assimilating Indigenous children into European-Canadian culture by punishing them for speaking their native languages or engaging in their cultural practices. Thousands of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis children attended the schools where many suffered physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. The system had long-lasting negative impacts by weakening Indigenous identities, cultures, and family/community connections.
The document summarizes key trends and issues in contemporary education discussed in Chapter 6, including the No Child Left Behind Act, charter schools, approaches to teaching special needs students, and gifted education. It provides details on the goals and provisions of NCLB, debates around its effectiveness, characteristics of middle schools and charter schools, concepts like least restrictive environments for special education, and strategies for project-based and problem-based learning. The conclusion reflects on the ongoing relevance of the trends and issues covered.
Pre-school education in the Philippines provides learning programs for children ages 3-6 in preparation for primary education. Friedrich Fröebel, the "Father of Kindergarten", advocated that children should be able to play, have toys, and be trained. During the Spanish regime, early education was predominantly religious. In the early 1900s, commissions recommended establishing free public elementary schools and a centralized school system. Kindergartens were first established in 1900-1902 by missionaries and religious groups. Reforms in the 1970s-1980s expanded preschool programs and established standards and regulations. However, preschool remained voluntary and not part of the formal education system.
The document discusses Native Studies education in Saskatchewan. It notes that while the province has made efforts to improve education for First Nations students, outcomes still lag behind non-Aboriginal students. Native Studies was introduced to focus on First Nations content, but questions remain around its structure and whether it should remain separate. The document also examines the challenges of having mostly non-Aboriginal teachers delivering Native Studies curriculum.
Boyden modernity, mobility and the reshaping of childhoodYoung Lives Oxford
Professor Jo Boyden, Director of the Young Lives study, was invited by the CESS-UNICEF Division for Child Studies and the Director of the Centre for Economic and Social Studies in Hyderabad to give a Distinguished Guest Lecture on 24 Septebmer 2014.
Life as a student in residential schoolChantal Lee
Residential schools were established by the Canadian government from 1620-1996 to assimilate Aboriginal students into European culture. Students endured poor conditions, including harsh discipline, physical and sexual abuse, malnutrition, and disease. They were forbidden from speaking their native languages and practicing their cultures. Many students never saw their families. Thousands of students died in the schools due to illness, malnutrition, accidents, and suicide. Survivors often suffer from PTSD and lost connections to their culture and families. Formal apologies have been made by churches and the Canadian government for the inhumane system.
Guest lecture given by Virginia Morrow to students on the Masters in Childhood Studies and Children's Rights at the Freie Universititaet, Berlin, 3 December 2014.
http://www.ewi-psy.fu-berlin.de/en/einrichtungen/weitere/enmcr/news/Gastvortrag-Virginia-Morrow.html
Education in Somalia has faced major challenges due to decades of civil war and lack of a central government, leading to the destruction of many schools and low enrollment rates, especially for girls. While some areas have been able to continue operating schools, the system overall has collapsed in many parts of southern and central Somalia. Recent efforts by the transitional government and independent organizations have aimed to rebuild the education system by reopening schools, establishing new education policies, and increasing the number of operational schools and student enrollment across the country.
This is about the Education in Canada, its background and all.
I hope this will be helpful to anyone who needs this. Don't forget to click "Follow", it would be my pleasure. Thank you. :)
The 5 Simply Success Steps are a great way to turn your life around, no matter where you are. Especially if you're working in a high-pressure job, learning to handle emotions, clear your internal noise levels and become your best, sincere and authentic self.
The link to the webinar will added once it's available from the host.
Tools to Shift Consciousness for A Sustainable and Peaceful FutureSimply Success
These are the slides from our presentation at the 26th PPSEAWA International Conference held in Kuala Lumpur.
For more information on PPSEAWA please visit http://www.ppseawa.org
This document provides an overview of early childhood education programs. It discusses what students learn in these programs, including child development principles, operating childcare centers, and applying knowledge through student teaching. The document also outlines different degree options in early childhood education, typical admission requirements, and career paths for graduates as teachers or aides in schools and childcare centers.
What is inequality in education?
Causes of inequality in education: socio-economic factors, religious belief, poverty, unemployment, students with special needs, regional differences etc.
Probable solutions
Douglas' 1964 research identified material factors affecting student attainment. These include low family income or unemployment, lacking a computer/internet, fewer books, no study space, less money for trips or equipment, poorer diet and health, difficulty funding further education, needing part-time jobs, attending lower-quality schools with high teacher turnover, and less access to pre-school programs. Government programs have aimed to address socioeconomic disadvantages affecting education.
The document provides an overview of the development and current state of education in the Philippines. It discusses:
1) The history and influences on the Philippine education system from pre-Spanish times through American colonial rule and the development of current policies and curricula.
2) The objectives and competencies of basic education at both elementary and secondary levels, including learning areas and statistics on enrollment, completion rates, and student/teacher ratios.
3) Issues facing higher education and technical/vocational programs, and the role of organizations like CHED in overseeing education quality.
The document discusses the pros and cons of homeschooling children compared to sending them to public or private schools. Some of the key pros mentioned include safety from threats like school shootings, allowing religious parents to choose curriculum that aligns with their values, and reducing homework hours so families have more time together in the evenings. However, one con is the purported lack of socialization, though the document argues public school does not provide realistic socialization. A study found homeschooled students scored significantly higher than public school students on standardized tests. The document also discusses ways working parents and those concerned about teaching certain subjects can make homeschooling work.
Gender Issues in Educational Administration Systems.
Gender and Contemporary Issues in Educational Practice in Pakistan.
Gender Issues in Higher Level Education
The education system in New Zealand has three main stages: early childhood education from birth to school entry age; primary and secondary school for ages 5 to 19, which is compulsory between 6 to 16; and further/higher education. Education is free at state schools between ages 5 to 19 for citizens and permanent residents. Private schools can have their own aims in addition to the national curriculum, while state schools teach the national curriculum. Some schools offer Maori-focused or international programs. Schools are well-equipped and have facilities for outdoor activities. New Zealand ranks highly in international assessments in math and science.
This document discusses Basil Bernstein's theory of cultural deprivation and language codes as it relates to class differences in education. It can be summarized as follows:
1. Bernstein proposed that working class children experience cultural deprivation that limits their intellectual development and language skills compared to middle class children.
2. He identified two main language codes - restricted code used by working class families and elaborated code used by middle class families and schools.
3. Bernstein argued that schools reward the use of elaborated code, putting working class children at a disadvantage if they only have access to restricted code in their home environment.
Educational inequality in secondary schools in three developing countries
Rhiannon Moore & Bridget Azubuike
CEID Launch Symposium
UCL Institute of Education, 15 June 2017
The Philippine education system had undergone a major transformation in the last 4 years. This is a major renovation in the existing number of years in both educational and instructional time. The implementation of the K-12 is perhaps one of the biggest change that shaken the whole Philippine education system. With the move there are many flaws identified that hinders us from becoming even more competitive globally. The implementation of the K-12 plan in the Philippine Basic Education curriculum will elevate Philippine Education to the next level. Because most countries internationally and globally have a standard basic education of 12 years therefore this reform and change is necessary for us to follow. This will provide students sufficient instructional time for various subjects where they can apply their knowledge, skills and abilities. The challenges, changes and issues involved in the process are discussed in this research study in order to enhance and assess its competitive edge.
The residential school system in Canada forcibly removed Indigenous children from their homes and placed them in residential schools from the 1870s to 1996. The schools were run by churches and funded by the Canadian government with the goal of assimilating Indigenous children into European-Canadian culture by punishing them for speaking their native languages or engaging in their cultural practices. Thousands of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis children attended the schools where many suffered physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. The system had long-lasting negative impacts by weakening Indigenous identities, cultures, and family/community connections.
The document summarizes key trends and issues in contemporary education discussed in Chapter 6, including the No Child Left Behind Act, charter schools, approaches to teaching special needs students, and gifted education. It provides details on the goals and provisions of NCLB, debates around its effectiveness, characteristics of middle schools and charter schools, concepts like least restrictive environments for special education, and strategies for project-based and problem-based learning. The conclusion reflects on the ongoing relevance of the trends and issues covered.
Pre-school education in the Philippines provides learning programs for children ages 3-6 in preparation for primary education. Friedrich Fröebel, the "Father of Kindergarten", advocated that children should be able to play, have toys, and be trained. During the Spanish regime, early education was predominantly religious. In the early 1900s, commissions recommended establishing free public elementary schools and a centralized school system. Kindergartens were first established in 1900-1902 by missionaries and religious groups. Reforms in the 1970s-1980s expanded preschool programs and established standards and regulations. However, preschool remained voluntary and not part of the formal education system.
The document discusses Native Studies education in Saskatchewan. It notes that while the province has made efforts to improve education for First Nations students, outcomes still lag behind non-Aboriginal students. Native Studies was introduced to focus on First Nations content, but questions remain around its structure and whether it should remain separate. The document also examines the challenges of having mostly non-Aboriginal teachers delivering Native Studies curriculum.
Boyden modernity, mobility and the reshaping of childhoodYoung Lives Oxford
Professor Jo Boyden, Director of the Young Lives study, was invited by the CESS-UNICEF Division for Child Studies and the Director of the Centre for Economic and Social Studies in Hyderabad to give a Distinguished Guest Lecture on 24 Septebmer 2014.
Life as a student in residential schoolChantal Lee
Residential schools were established by the Canadian government from 1620-1996 to assimilate Aboriginal students into European culture. Students endured poor conditions, including harsh discipline, physical and sexual abuse, malnutrition, and disease. They were forbidden from speaking their native languages and practicing their cultures. Many students never saw their families. Thousands of students died in the schools due to illness, malnutrition, accidents, and suicide. Survivors often suffer from PTSD and lost connections to their culture and families. Formal apologies have been made by churches and the Canadian government for the inhumane system.
Guest lecture given by Virginia Morrow to students on the Masters in Childhood Studies and Children's Rights at the Freie Universititaet, Berlin, 3 December 2014.
http://www.ewi-psy.fu-berlin.de/en/einrichtungen/weitere/enmcr/news/Gastvortrag-Virginia-Morrow.html
Education in Somalia has faced major challenges due to decades of civil war and lack of a central government, leading to the destruction of many schools and low enrollment rates, especially for girls. While some areas have been able to continue operating schools, the system overall has collapsed in many parts of southern and central Somalia. Recent efforts by the transitional government and independent organizations have aimed to rebuild the education system by reopening schools, establishing new education policies, and increasing the number of operational schools and student enrollment across the country.
This is about the Education in Canada, its background and all.
I hope this will be helpful to anyone who needs this. Don't forget to click "Follow", it would be my pleasure. Thank you. :)
The 5 Simply Success Steps are a great way to turn your life around, no matter where you are. Especially if you're working in a high-pressure job, learning to handle emotions, clear your internal noise levels and become your best, sincere and authentic self.
The link to the webinar will added once it's available from the host.
Tools to Shift Consciousness for A Sustainable and Peaceful FutureSimply Success
These are the slides from our presentation at the 26th PPSEAWA International Conference held in Kuala Lumpur.
For more information on PPSEAWA please visit http://www.ppseawa.org
This document provides information on Ebola virus disease. It begins by describing Ebola virus as a nonsegmented, negative-sense RNA virus of the Filoviridae family. It is divided into five species which differ in virulence for humans. The document then discusses the epidemiology and transmission of Ebola, noting it is transmitted through contact with bodily fluids of infected humans or animals. It provides details on past outbreaks and the current 2014 outbreak. Clinical features including initial flu-like symptoms, rash, gastrointestinal issues, and hemorrhaging are summarized.
Overcome Lleadership Cchallanges in executing ERMSimply Success
This talk was given to the Asli Institute in Malaysia in 2012. Given the challenges we face globally with transparency and accountability, these ideas are still valid, we feel anyway.
Now more than ever, we need to be the change we want to see in the world.
This case involves a 76-year-old male with a history of open cholecystectomy who presented with abdominal pain. Previous attempts at extracting a large CBD stone via ERCP were unsuccessful. The patient underwent peroral cholangioscopy (Spyglass) which allowed for visualization and electrohydraulic lithotripsy of the large bile duct stone. A check cholangiogram showed complete stone clearance. Peroral cholangioscopy proved effective for managing this patient's difficult bile duct stone when standard ERCP failed.
The document discusses the Sun, Earth, and Moon. The Sun is a big ball of gases that is the source of all energy. It takes 8.4 minutes for light from the Sun to reach Earth. The Earth orbits the Sun and is the only planet that supports life. The Moon orbits the Earth and reflects light from the Sun, taking 28 days to revolve around the Earth. Day and night on Earth occur due to its rotation, while the year occurs due to its revolution around the Sun.
World Trade Center - Gift City - GandhinagarPranav Shah
One address that gives you 330 offices across the world
As the world looks to do business with India, here is an opportunity for you and your clients to join a global brand..
Spire World announces the launch of: World Trade Centre@Gift City - Gandhinagar
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A WTC® building represents a global network of landmark buildings in active and planned locations across the world that work to create competitive advantage for businesses conducting international trade.
· As real estate projects, WTCs are highly desirable locations for business tenants to occupy, thus giving owners a good return on investment.
· As economic development platforms, WTCs raise the international profile of a city or region.
· As branded complexes, WTCs are landmarks in the regions that they serve.
A WTC branded complex combined with the quality and delivery track record of Spire World ensures that your investor are in safe hands.
Presenting the WTC GIFT City Investment Offer:
Now you and your clients can benefit from the power of WTC. Join this global network and watch your business grow and wealth multiply.
Empower your clientele with the only investment opportunity that ensures high returns, high appreciation and safety of capital.
We look forward to seeing you as a part of the WTC family, to learn more about this exciting opportunity and how it can benefit you, please find below the WTC GIFT City Investment Plan
Rates
Ground floor - NA
1st Floor - 6500
2nd Floor - 6350
3rd Floor - 6200
Top Floor - 6600
Rest floors - 6100
Inaugural Discount : INR 200/- psf
Sizes available : Multiples of 500 sq ft (For unfurnished minimum 1000 sq. ft is lockable & in case of furnished minimum 500 sq. ft is lockable );
Type : Unfurnished (Lockable & Non-Lockable)
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AR Duration : Assured Return is till possession or 4 years, whichever is later.
The Cheques will be in the favor of "WTC GIFT"
Any schemes at the time of launch will also be applicable on the booking during the pre-launch period.
Should the client disagree to the T&C's of the application form, full money shall be refunded to them without any cancellations charges
Benefits
· Transportation Facility- BRTS , Metro.
· Infrastructure in GIFT City –Unmatched.
· In the same vicinity residential/commercial/social utility etc.
· It is 1st of 100 SMART Cities which Mr.Modi has envisioned.
· Multi Curre
Elementary education is the first stage of compulsory education, usually spanning ages 5-11. It focuses on developing basic literacy and numeracy skills. While structures vary globally, elementary education typically includes subjects like reading, writing, math, science, and social studies. It aims to establish a foundation for further education and often emphasizes character development to shape students into productive citizens. Control and funding of elementary schools differs between and within countries.
Cultural factors on the girl child education in secondary schools in ihiala l...Alexander Decker
This article examines the cultural factors that influence girl-child education in secondary schools in Ihiala Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. The researcher conducted a survey and found that cultural traditions like early marriage, attitudes that favor educating boys over girls, and socioeconomic factors limit girls' access to education. The researcher recommends awareness campaigns to encourage parents to value girl-child education equally with boys.
Assignment
Name
College of Affiliation
Date
Education is the social institution whereby the members of the society are equipped with skills, acquaintance, values, and the values needed to learn on how to be good, and industrious members of the society.
In early American society, education was barely formal.
Puritans or currently known as the Massachusetts demanded that it was the responsibilities of the parents to inform the parents on how to teach their children on how to read.
The cities were required to have elementary learning institutions to help children in learning how to read, write, and learn about religion.
To ensure that there was existence of unity after the revolutionary war, the textbooks with common spelling and pronunciation was introduced
The textbooks also had some negative stereotypes of the Native Americans and some immigrant groups (Nodine, 2016).
The history of education In American Society
Education is described as the social institution whereby the society teaches it members about the skills, knowledge, norms, and the values needed to learn on how to be good, and productive members of the society. In the early American society, education was hardly formal. During the colonial period, the Puritans or currently known as the Massachusetts demanded that it was the responsibilities of the parents to teach their children on how to read. Large towns were required to have elementary schools to help children in learning how to read, write, and learn about religion. The schooling was not required in he colonies and only 10 percent of the colonial children from the wealthiest family went to school. Others became apprentices. To ensure that there was existence of unity after the revolutionary war, textbooks were written using common spelling and pronunciation and to make sure that patriotism and religious beliefs are instilled in students. The textbooks also had some negative stereotypes of the Native Americans and some immigrant groups. In 1800s, free and compulsory education was introduced. Children from all social classes got the opportunity of getting free and formal education. The free education was further aimed at promoting national unity and to educate the immigrants the American values. The free education also emerged due to the industrialization since the industrial economy demanded reading, writing, and math skills as compared to the agricultural economy. The free and compulsory education was introduced to both primary and secondary schools. The number of individuals who joined college was not part of the practice until mid 1900s when few people started to join colleges and most of these people were from the fairly wealthy families. After the end of World War II, there was an increase in the number of people who enrolled for the college education. At present, many people are joining colleges than before even though the attendance of the college is related to the social class.
In 1800s, free .
Assignment NameCollege of AffiliationDate.docxbraycarissa250
Assignment
Name
College of Affiliation
Date
Education is the social institution whereby the members of the society are equipped with skills, acquaintance, values, and the values needed to learn on how to be good, and industrious members of the society.
In early American society, education was barely formal.
Puritans or currently known as the Massachusetts demanded that it was the responsibilities of the parents to inform the parents on how to teach their children on how to read.
The cities were required to have elementary learning institutions to help children in learning how to read, write, and learn about religion.
To ensure that there was existence of unity after the revolutionary war, the textbooks with common spelling and pronunciation was introduced
The textbooks also had some negative stereotypes of the Native Americans and some immigrant groups (Nodine, 2016).
The history of education In American Society
Education is described as the social institution whereby the society teaches it members about the skills, knowledge, norms, and the values needed to learn on how to be good, and productive members of the society. In the early American society, education was hardly formal. During the colonial period, the Puritans or currently known as the Massachusetts demanded that it was the responsibilities of the parents to teach their children on how to read. Large towns were required to have elementary schools to help children in learning how to read, write, and learn about religion. The schooling was not required in he colonies and only 10 percent of the colonial children from the wealthiest family went to school. Others became apprentices. To ensure that there was existence of unity after the revolutionary war, textbooks were written using common spelling and pronunciation and to make sure that patriotism and religious beliefs are instilled in students. The textbooks also had some negative stereotypes of the Native Americans and some immigrant groups. In 1800s, free and compulsory education was introduced. Children from all social classes got the opportunity of getting free and formal education. The free education was further aimed at promoting national unity and to educate the immigrants the American values. The free education also emerged due to the industrialization since the industrial economy demanded reading, writing, and math skills as compared to the agricultural economy. The free and compulsory education was introduced to both primary and secondary schools. The number of individuals who joined college was not part of the practice until mid 1900s when few people started to join colleges and most of these people were from the fairly wealthy families. After the end of World War II, there was an increase in the number of people who enrolled for the college education. At present, many people are joining colleges than before even though the attendance of the college is related to the social class.
In 1800s, free ...
Unlocking potential: Closing the Education Achievement Gap in Northern IrelandCorrine Heaney
Education is the primary vehicle by which economically and socially disadvantaged children can change their lives, lift themselves out of poverty and obtain the means to participate fully in their communities. The children starting primary school in 2016 will have grown up in an economic recession and amid greatly reduced public expenditure within N. Ireland. We cannot let the ‘age of austerity’ limit this generation’s educational achievement or their aspirations.
Educational Landscapes of Papua New Guinea.pptxCupidAngay1
Here are two problems that exist in both the educational systems of Papua New Guinea and the Philippines, along with possible solutions:
Problem 1: Low enrollment and completion rates, especially at the secondary level. Many students cannot afford school fees.
Solution: Increase government funding and scholarships to make education more accessible and affordable for students from low-income families. Eliminate tuition and other fees at the primary and secondary levels.
Problem 2: Shortage of qualified teachers and limited educational resources/materials. Remote areas in particular face these challenges.
Solution: Offer incentives like housing or higher salaries to attract more teachers to work in rural/remote areas. Invest in developing and distributing open educational resources that can be easily accessed even in areas
Education in the Caribbean historically served colonial interests by inculcating English values and restricting education for enslaved peoples. After emancipation in 1834, elementary education was provided to blacks to help their adjustment, focusing on religion, reading, and work skills rather than social mobility. Secondary and university education remained largely inaccessible. Through the 19th and 20th centuries, education became a means of social mobility but continued to emphasize European norms. The system sorted students and access to higher education remained limited, impacting social stratification. While now mandatory for all, education differences persist along socioeconomic lines.
U. S. A Educational System. Education in the United States is provided in public and private schools and by individuals through homeschooling. State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges, and universities.
1. The document discusses the education system in the Philippines. It provides a brief history of how the Spanish and American colonization influenced the development of the Philippine education system.
2. Key aspects of the education system are summarized, including the government bodies that regulate education like DepEd, the different levels of formal education like elementary, secondary, tertiary, and technical-vocational, and special education.
3. The functions of education in society are outlined, such as developing skills, preserving culture, encouraging democratic participation, and improving health. The constitutional provisions related to basic education are also summarized.
The document discusses the need for change in the US educational system to address inequalities. It argues that a "one size fits all" approach does not work due to differing student backgrounds and learning styles. This has led to cultural gaps, poverty cycles, racial gaps, and funding gaps. Standardized tests also disproportionately impact minority and low-income students. The document calls for embracing diversity, increasing funding for low-income districts, and improving math and science education to better prepare students for an increasingly competitive global job market.
This document provides an overview of concepts related to education, including:
- Definitions of education as the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, values and attitudes through both formal schooling and informal learning.
- Different levels and types of formal education such as preschool, primary, secondary, higher, adult and indigenous education.
- Key concepts in the education process like curriculum, learning modalities, teaching methods, and the increasing role of technology.
- Related fields that influence education including education theory, economics, history, philosophy, psychology and sociology.
- Challenges in developing countries including lack of educational access and capacity issues.
- Home education and common objections to homeschooling like doubts about teaching
Education takes place both formally through institutions like schools as well as informally through family discussions and lectures. Formal schooling is directed by trained teachers. The availability and accessibility of schooling varies between high, middle, and low income countries and is often shaped by cultural and social factors. For example, in many places schooling is more readily available to boys than girls. While schooling aims to promote concepts like equal opportunity, in reality access differs based on factors like income level, gender and race. Sociologists view key functions of education as socializing youth, promoting cultural innovation, integrating society, and enabling social mobility, though some argue it also serves to maintain social inequalities.
Unang Hakbang Foundation: Overcoming DisadvantageOlie Lucas
This document provides an overview of Unang Hakbang Foundation (UHF), a non-profit organization that has been helping children in Manila's streets and slums since 1996. It details UHF's mission and programs, which include education support, life skills training, arts activities, and job placement assistance. The organization operates centers that provide children with learning opportunities, recreational activities, and a safe place to develop skills. It aims to help children realize their potential and empower them for productive futures.
The document discusses the educational challenges faced by refugee students and provides recommendations for best practices to support their education. Some of the key challenges identified include interrupted education, lack of English proficiency, trauma from past experiences, and difficulties adjusting to a new school system and culture. The document recommends practices for teachers, administrators, and engaging refugee families such as providing language support, fostering relationships, addressing social and emotional needs, involving parents, and conducting diversity trainings. Educators from New Haven also provided input on common problems refugees face and potential solutions to improve communication between schools and refugee families.
This document provides an overview of Australia's education system, including:
- Education is compulsory between ages 6-15 and mostly free, with primary school lasting 6-7 years and secondary school 5-6 years.
- Curriculum and policies are set at the state level, with emphasis on standards, vocational training, and general socialization.
- Tertiary education includes TAFE colleges and universities, and adult education is increasing in nonformal settings.
- Reforms have focused on improving literacy and numeracy, attracting qualified teachers, and making education more internationally competitive.
CHAPTER 5 School Issues that Relate to At-Risk Children and Youth.docxchristinemaritza
CHAPTER 5: School Issues that Relate to At-Risk Children and Youth
· If families do not…Then schools must
· Provide roots for children…So they stand firm and grow,
· Provide wings for children…So they can fly.
· Broken roots and crippled wingsDestroy hope.
· And hope sees the invisible,Feels the intangible,And achieves the impossible.
CHAPTER OUTLINE
The Value of Education
Box 5.1 Separate and Unequal 15-Year-Olds
Research on Effective Schools
Variables in Research on School Effects
· Leadership behaviors
· Academic emphasis
· Teacher and staff factors
· Student involvement
· Community support
· Social capital
Definitional Issues in Research on School Effects
Case Study: The Diaz Family
· School culture
· Student climate
· Peer involvement
· Teacher climate
Box 5.2 Teacher Climate
Educational Structure: Schools and Classrooms
School Structure
School Choice
Charter Schools
Classroom Structure
Curriculum Issues
Conclusion
· In education, the term at risk refers primarily to students who are at risk of school failure. As we discussed earlier, at risk actually means much more than flunking reading or math, or even dropping out of school. Yet from an educator’s perspective, educational concerns define at-risk issues. School problems and dropout are linked to many other problems expressed by young people (Suh, Suh, & Houston, 2007; Henry et al., 2009; Rumberger & Ah Lim, 2008). The strong relationships between school difficulties and other problems, as well as evidence that educational involvement is a protective factor influencing resilience (Search Institute, 2006), highlight the pivotal position of schools. In schools, prevention efforts can reach the greatest number of young people; therefore, examining the educational environment is critical.
THE VALUE OF EDUCATION
There are a number of indicators of the value placed on education in the United States. News reports compare the scores of students in the United States and in other countries on tests in geography and spelling, math and science. These reports consistently favor students in other countries. They imply that learning in U.S. schools is somehow not quite up to par. Does a student’s ability to spell reflect his or her ability to think? Does recall of dates, locations, or facts indicate a student’s problem-solving skills? The answer to these questions is “No.” Learning is the act of acquiring knowledge or a skill through observation, experience, instruction, or study, yet these comparisons suggest a view of learning that reduces this complicated act to an isolated and mechanical process. In addition, these comparisons often fail to note that in the United States all children are expected to attend school through high school graduation, not just wealthy or middle-class urban or college-bound students.
How learning is valued is also reflected in the following statistics. In 2000, the average household income was about $55,000 (Census Bureau, 2001). Nearly 10 years later, the average teac ...
State-funded schools in England are free for children ages 3-18. The school year typically begins September 1st and education is compulsory until age 16 (rising to 17 in 2013 and 18 in 2015). Schools follow the National Curriculum which includes core subjects like English, maths, and science as well as other foundation subjects. Students progress from primary to secondary school around age 11 and typically take GCSE exams in years 10-11 and A-Levels in the sixth form (years 12-13). Schools are governed locally and receive funding from the national government or local authorities.
This document discusses the relationship between social class and educational outcomes in Australia. It begins with an overview of how different types of schools were historically designed to serve different social classes, with schools for the working class focusing on basic education and job training, and schools for the elite focusing on preparation for higher education. It then discusses ongoing issues like lower educational attainment and university attendance rates among those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Studies discussed found that a person's social class still impacts opportunities and that students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds have poorer outcomes and are underrepresented among high achievers. The document examines factors like concentrations of disadvantage at the school-level independent of an individual's socioeconomic status that can impact student performance.
Schooling System In The USA | Mauric WigleyMaurice Wigley
The US education system is decentralized, with control at the state and local levels. It typically consists of elementary school (K-5), middle school (6-8), and high school (9-12). Education is compulsory until age 16 in most states. Standardized tests like the SAT and ACT are required for college admission. Parental involvement is encouraged through organizations like PTAs.
This document provides an overview of international education systems and practices. It discusses how social class impacts educational outcomes globally, challenges of multicultural classrooms, common teaching approaches, and variations in resources devoted to education. Exemplary reforms are highlighted, including France's model early childhood programs, England's literacy and math initiatives, Japan's emphasis on student responsibility and teacher status, and multicultural education programs in Europe and North America. While educational systems differ between nations, they face similar issues in equitably educating diverse student populations.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Assessment 1
1. HISTORY:
Schools in Australia have existed for more than 200 years, beginning in NSW and expanding
across the country as other settlements began. Public School systems did not begin until
considerably later than this, beginning with primary level schools, then expanding into the
secondary area beginning in the 1880s. Universities first arose in the middle of the 19th
century, with early childhood education in the form of kindergartens and preschools trailing
well behind all other sectors, with the first kindergarten being opened in 1896.
If you lived in the country in the 1800s, you might be lucky enough to have a small, one room school
house on land donated by a local farmer. In the city, if you could not afford to attend one of the
schools set up by the various churches, you would most probably be tutored by the wife of the local
doctor, lawyer, magistrate or other professional. No standard for education existed. Education was
only available to the wealthier middle and upper classes, who could afford to pay tuition.
By the 1830s, the idea that crime was the result of ignorance, ignorance was the result of a lack of
education and, therefore, education would decrease crime, was seen as a means of forging the
penal colony of Australia into an organised and orderly society. This society would be based on, but
hopefully better than, the existing British system. It was, therefore, imperative that the government
set up schools so that all children could be taught, not only the three "R's," (reading, writing and
arithmetic) but how to be good moral, law-abiding citizens.
The government allocated money for education and this was used to pay teachers, erect and equip
schoolhouses and buy necessary textbooks. A government school was one which had been either set
up by the government or was an established school which received funding from the government to
continue educating children. The majority of the church-run schools were outside this system, and
remained so until well into the 1900s.
The government also laid down strict guidelines as to the curriculum, teachers' and students'
behaviour and what activities could or could not be performed in the school grounds.
Both boys and girls received instruction in the basic subjects. In addition, girls spent 80 minutes of
the day in sewing, knitting and darning instruction while the boys spent this time learning geometry
and more geography and arithmetic. Teachers, primarily tried to drill into the children the
advantages of being orderly, clean, punctual, decent and courteous, and avoiding all things which
would make them disagreeable to other people.
One way to achieve this was the use of discipline. Rules governed how children were to enter the
room, bow to the teacher, sit down on the benches, sit when reading what was on the blackboard,
sit when writing, hold their pens, the position of their writing pads, and which hand was to be used
for writing and which to point to the words being copied. Pupils learned to repeat their tables, lists
of dates and capital cities of the world, and poems parrot fashion.
Pupils could be at school from about six years of age to over 16 years. However, school was not
compulsory, and some parents required the help of their children to eke out a living. As a results,
absenteeism was fairly high, and it was not unusual for children to leave school after less than two
2. years. Thus, the children learnt only the rudiments of reading, writing and arithmetic. Compulsory
education was introduced in the 1870s and was difficult to enforce.
The depression of the 1890s and the need for skilled workers impelled merchants to demand that
technical education in schools be improved. In the face of criticism from distinguished British visitors
and eminent politicians as well, commissions were set up to investigate developments in education
overseas. Their reports left no doubt that the education systems needed major changes.
Fees for high schools were abolished, subjects were improved and courses were extended to four
years. The courses were designed with the student in mind: commercial courses for business,
technical courses for industrial, domestic for home management and general courses for higher,
professional education.
Apart from increasing the time spent in primary/elementary schools to eight years, and decreasing
the total amount of time spent in high school to four years, this system remained basically the same
until the 1950s. Since then, changes to the curriculum and examination methods seem to have
occurred every few years. The introduction of calculators followed by computers to the school room
has changed schools.
EDUCATION ACT 1872
3.
4.
5.
6. SOCIAL
According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, people living in the most socioeconomically
disadvantaged areas were, on average, less engaged in study and had lower levels of
attainment. While young people had higher levels of educational attainment than older people
in all socioeconomic positions, the difference was least in the most disadvantaged areas.
Young people in disadvantaged areas also reported a higher incidence of barriers to
participating in further education. These barriers were reported to be lack of time, finances,
and too much work. Students from lower socioeconomic quartiles had significantly lower
7. PISA test results than students from higher socioeconomic backgrounds. Similarly, students
who attended independent schools scored significantly higher than those who attended
government schools.
The issue of inter-generational disadvantage was examined by looking at the possible
influence of parental background on young people's educational attainment. Young people
who had a parent with a Bachelor degree were much more likely to have a degree themselves
than were other young people. While people with parents whose highest educational
attainment was Year 12 or below performed less well themselves, more than half held or
were studying towards a Certificate III or higher qualification.
People with a disability or long-term health condition were more likely than those without
such conditions to have poorer outcomes in educational attainment and participation as well
as engagement in full-time work. However, there was considerable variation here. People
with mental or nervous conditions had worse outcomes than did people with physical
disabilities in their educational attainment or participation and engagement in full-time work.
People with severe or profound activity limitations were similarly disadvantaged when
compared to those with a lesser degree of restriction due to disability.
People from cultural and linguistic diverse backgrounds did not show up as being ‘at risk’ of
social exclusion because of poor educational outcomes. In fact, people who spoke a language
other than English at home had, on average, higher educational attainment and greater
participation in full-time study than people who were born in Australia and mainly spoke
English at home. However, proficiency in English was shown to be a critical factor in
determining educational outcomes. People who were proficient in English were twice more
likely to have, or be studying towards, a university degree than people not proficient in
English. Poor English proficiency was also associated with lower engagement in full-time
work and participation in work related training.
Indigenous Australians
Indigenous people have lower levels of educational access, participation and attainment, and
lower secondary school retention rates, than non-Indigenous people. The curricula of
Indigenous students are sometimes inadequate or inappropriate1. These issues are addressed
in the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education Policy which influences state
and territory strategic plans for education providers.
Indigenous people have lower educational attainment than the total population. In 1994, 18%
of Indigenous people aged 15-64 who were not attending school had completed a post-school
qualification compared to 41% of all Australians. When the data are standardised to account
for the younger age structure of the Indigenous population, this imbalance remains.
In 1994, 5% of Indigenous people aged 15 and over reported that they had never attended
school and 71% who were no longer attending school had left before completing Year 12. A
further 17% had obtained a post-school qualification. Overall, Indigenous women reported a
higher level of educational attainment than Indigenous men. 5% of Indigenous women had a
8. diploma or higher qualification compared to 3% of Indigenous men.
Indigenous people are more likely than all Australians to have never attended school. In
1994, 3% of Indigenous people aged 15-64 had never attended school compared to 0.1% of
all Australians. The proportion of Indigenous people who had not attended school increased
with age. 35% aged 65 and over had never been to school compared to 1% aged 15-24. This
indicates that the proportion of Indigenous people receiving some education has increased
over time and is related to improved access to education. Overall, slightly more Indigenous
women than men had never attended school. In the 2012 PISA tests, Indigenous Australians
scored significantly lower than both the national and OECD average.
POLITICAL
Why should the government care about education?
1. Better education access enhances the political health of the nation (people can
participate in social, community and political life and make informed, intelligent
decisions).
2. Wider access to education can reduce social tensions arising from perceived
inequalities of opportunity. There is a gap between the median income of people that
have completed secondary schools to those who have not.
3. Education improves the efficiency of the labour market and employment rates.
Especially with an aging population, increasing participation and longevity in the
workforce, can reduce the load of aged pensions.
4. Equal access to education has an impact on the Australia’s productivity potential
(output per hour). Reducing the inequalities in access to education allows people to
realise their education and employment potential and lowers the incidence of crime,
and decreases the need for health care and welfare, thereby helping the nation’s
economy.
Up until recently, each state and territory was largely responsible for the education in their
region, each setting their own curriculum.
In Victoria:
1995-2005 Curriculum and Standards Framework I and II
2006-2012 Victorian Essesntial Learning Standards (VELS)
2013-Current AusVELS: a curriculum that focuses on providing a “foundation for successful,
lifelong learning and participation in the Australian Community” for students from
Foundation (Prep) to Year 10.
National:
9. The Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA) carries out a
National Assessment Program- Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) testing to students in
years 3,5,7 and 9.
The school’s average result is published on the My School website.
Funding is allocated to
ECONOMICAL
Australia’s constitutional arrangements allocate primary responsibility for school education
to State and Territory governments. They are the major funders of government schools and in
2008–09 contributed 88.96 per cent ($27.4b) of total recurrent funding, with the Australian
Government contributing the remaining 11.04 per cent ($3.4b)
The funding of schools by both the federal and state givernement have increased from $4.8
billion in 1999-2000 to $30.9 billion in 2009-2010
The areas of expenditures both in and outside of government education systems in Australia
can be seen in the table below (actual $’000).
10. INDUSTRIAL
Traditional notions of talk-and-chalk education are no longer sufficient to prepare a
workforce for a reliant and changing world. Currently, we live in an era driven by
information, global competition and new technologies that are changing the way we think,
live and work. The Industrial Revolution was built on machinery, skills and labour; however,
the information and knowledge-based revolution of the 21st Century is being built on
investment in intellect and creativity. New jobs are emerging which require a different set of
knowledge, skills and attitudes. To cope with such changes we need continuous education
and development of the human mind and imagination. Part of the changing nature of work is
that workers face career changes and workplace restructuring throughout their working life.
This means they need continual learning to remain employable and competitive. Keeping
students motivated and engaged by providing skills and knowledge that they deem relevant to
their lives, is of great importance to today’s teachers. There is new focus on student-centred,
collaborative classrooms as opposed to traditional teacher-centred teaching. The
implementation of ICT in the classroom helps with engagement and discovery amongst
students.
GLOBAL
In 2012, the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) conducted tests on 15
year olds from 65 countries, including 34 countries that are a part of the Organization for
11. Economic and Co-operation and Development (OECD). They test students on their
mathematical, scientific and reading literacies.
Maths
Australia ranked 17th overall in Mathematical literacy. From 2003 to 2012, 9 countries
improved while another 13 (including Auistralia) decreased significantly.
Australia was ranked higher than the OECD average.
The median mathematic result has significantly higher for males than females.
Science
Australia ranked 8th in scientific literacy.
There was a decline in results from 2003 to 2012.
Victoria’s median results were significantly higher than that of the OECD average.
Reading
Australia ranked 10th overall in reading literacy.
Results for Victoria and Australia were significantly higher than the OECD average
There were no significant changes in reading literacy over time.
The median results for girls were significantly higher than boys.
PHILOSOPHICAL
As edication in Australia evolves from traditional teacher-centred teaching to student-centred
classroom, philosophy will become more beneficial to all learners. Philosophy will contribute
to each of the key educational goals for young Australians, including the ability to think
deeply and logically to make rational and informed decisions; creativity and ethical behaviour
as the aim of education is to help guide students to be active and informed citizens who act
with moral and ethical integrity. Educational philosophy can help teach the importance of
collaboration and teamwork, skills that are valued in both the workforce and society in
general.
FUTURE
12. Future trends
Unfortunately, unless something is done to dramatically improve the enagement and
motivation of students in the classroom (especially in mathematics and science), academic
achievement will continue to decline. Today’s learners have spent more time playing
computer games and using social media than reading books. The way that they learn differs
from that of generations before them. Education must reflect this change by embracing the
use of technology, not just with the use of e-books but with wikis, blogs, games, videos etc.
This will give students the opportunity to learn outside of the classroom in a more engaging
way, with immediate feedback.
More focus on the learning needs of Indigenous Australians is required to close the gap
between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. According to the ABS, Indigenous
students were more engaged in the classroom where they learnt about their heritage and
culture. This should be incorporated into the curriculum. Better access to universities is also
imperative for Indigenous people to enhance their employment opportunities.
Providing more support (funding, facilities and teaching aids) to schools with students with
disabilities will help improve their schooling experience and outcomes. This means providing
alternative ways of testing for understanding for these students. Funding needs to be provided
to help teachers learn practical and effective ways of differentiating their teaching to students
of different capabilities in the class.
Reference
Argy, F. (2007). Educational Inequalities in Australia. University of Western Australia.
Retrieved from http://www.ias.uwa.edu.au/new-critic/five/educationinequalities
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