Here are two problems that exist in both the educational systems of Papua New Guinea and the Philippines, along with possible solutions: Problem 1: Low enrollment and completion rates, especially at the secondary level. Many students cannot afford school fees. Solution: Increase government funding and scholarships to make education more accessible and affordable for students from low-income families. Eliminate tuition and other fees at the primary and secondary levels. Problem 2: Shortage of qualified teachers and limited educational resources/materials. Remote areas in particular face these challenges. Solution: Offer incentives like housing or higher salaries to attract more teachers to work in rural/remote areas. Invest in developing and distributing open educational resources that can be easily accessed even in areas

1. Educational Landscapes of
Papua New Guinea:History • Educational
Context • School Types • Educational System •
Challenges • Insights • Best Practices • Other Relevant
Educational Practices
REPORTED BY BY:
Cupid C. Angay

2. Introduction:
Education is vital in almost
every part of the world.
Though every country has
its education system, most
nations would have a similar
concept or equivalent
qualification.

3. Educational Landscapes of
Papua New Guinea:History •
Educational Context • School Types •
Educational System • Challenges • Insights
Best Practices • Other Relevant Educational
Practices

4.  Before the European colonization, the adults in
each tribal society in Papua New Guinea educated
their children on practical skills, social behavior,
and spiritual beliefs.
 In 1873, the London Missionary Society
established the first school to teach islanders
to read scripture.

5.  After 1884, German and English
missionaries established primary schools
to teach Western concepts of morality, the
German and English languages, arithmetic,
and Christian doctrine.

6.  During the early 1900s, the British government encouraged
missionaries to develop vocational education programs in
Papua New Guinea to produce better farmers, crafts people,
and skilled laborers.
 In 1914, Australia took control of the German colony in
northeastern New Guinea. With Papua and New Guinea under
its reign, Australia established English as the official
language of instruction and laid the foundation for modern
education in Papua New Guinea.

7.  About 70 percent of Papua
New Guinea's school-age
children receive some formal
education, but only two-thirds
of those who enter the first
grade complete the sixth.

9. PRIMARY EDUCATION
 Education in Papua
New Guinea is still not
compulsory
 RESULT:
 adult illiteracy rates are likely to remain
high

10. PRIMARY EDUCATION
 Elementary schooling takes 2 years at a
local community school where the medium of
education is the local language.
 Following this introductory period, children
aged 9 to 14 remain on at the same
community schools to complete their grades
3 to 8.

11. MIDDLE EDUCATION
 academic record at primary school is
assessed as being suitable
 children may go on to a provincial high
school for a period of 2 years
 the medium of education is English, Tok
Pisin or Mot according to the region

12. SECONDARY EDUCATION
 Students with academic ambition may
apply to attend a national senior high
school for a final period of 2 years.
 These urban institutions are few in
number though, and the competition to
enter them is fierce.

13. VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
 After completing middle
school, students also have the
opportunity of entering a
variety of technical and
vocational schools, and be
trained in various disciplines
according to their interest.

14. TERTIARY EDUCATION
 There are seven universities in Papua
New Guinea
 Some of which are state funded while
others are private or have religious
affiliations

15. TERTIARY EDUCATION
 The Pacific Adventist
College offers
programs in
accounting, business,
education, secretarial
skills and theology

16. TERTIARY EDUCATION
 The University of
Technology provides
degrees in architecture,
business, engineering
and forestry

17. TERTIARY EDUCATION
 The University of
Papua New Guinea
founded in 1965 has
faculties of medicine,
pharmacy, health
sciences, physical &
natural sciences, law &
business, humanities
and social sciences

18. TERTIARY EDUCATION

19. GRADING SYSTEM

20. GRADING SYSTEM

21. Educational Challenges:
 About 35 percent of pupils who reach sixth grade
ultimately transition to the seventh grade. The
low transition rate does not reflect the number of
students who achieve the level necessary to move to
the provincial high schools; but rather, it reflects the
limited number of places available to incoming
seventh graders (Department of Education 1991).

22. Educational Challenges:
 Of those who continue to seventh grade, about
67 percent complete the tenth grade. In
the tenth grade students must pass a
second national exam to receive a
Secondary School Leaving Certificate.

23. Educational Challenges:
 As of 1996, a total of 500,000 children were
enrolled in primary and secondary
schools. About 70 percent of primary
school-aged children attended school, but
only 12 percent of secondary school-aged
children were enrolled.

24. Educational Challenges:
 Many children, especially in poor, rural areas, never enroll
because their families cannot afford the school fees, which can
equal more than 50 percent of some families' earnings.
 Some primary and most provincial high schools charge fees, while
the national high schools and most postsecondary institutions are
free or subsidized with government scholarships.
 In 1993, the national government abolished some of the
school fees traditionally paid by parents.

25. Educational Challenges: Female education
 female enrollment lags behind male enrollment at
most levels
 In 1995, 87 percent of boys in that age group were
enrolled compared to 74 percent of girls, girls
represented 32 percent of the students enrolled in
all higher education institutions, 62 percent of
women age 15 and older could read and,
compared to 81 percent of men.

26. Educational Challenges:

27. PRIVATE AND RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS:
 The International Education Agency is the
largest independent education provider in
Papua New Guinea. It was created in 1977 to
manage the schools operated by the Australian
and United Nations administrations before
Papua New Guinea's independence.

28. PRIVATE AND RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS:
 Churches also play a significant role in Papua New Guinea's
educational system.
 churches operated training schools for nurses and other
community health workers
 The Catholic Church was the leading provider of educational
services, running one-quarter of the community schools and one-
sixth of the provincial high schools.
 The Evangelical Alliance, the United Church, the Lutheran
Church, the Seventh-Day Adventists, and the Anglicans also
provide educational services.

29. PRIVATE AND RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS:
 National Department of Education estimates that
the government provides about 68 percent of
lower secondary education services, churches
provide 29 percent, and the international schools
provide about 3 percent

30. EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES & MATERIALS:
 National Department of Education has provided
textbooks to students since the 1990s
 The production of education materials improved,
though, during the last quarter of the twentieth
century, as a result of two loans from the World
Bank.

31. EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES & MATERIALS:
 The loans helped pay for primary textbooks in English,
math, health, and community life; and secondary
textbooks in English, math, science, and social studies.
 Most textbooks still are published in English; however,
the Department of Education has explored producing
resource materials that can be translated and adapted
to the local languages.

32.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjDkl
GIv81M&ab_channel=WorldBank
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfk0A
MNdfcA&ab_channel=CLOWN9
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES & MATERIALS:

33. 1. Identify at least two problems that
exist both from educational systems
of Papua New Guinea and the
Philippines and propose a possible
solution.
Question: