This document provides an overview of concepts related to education, including:
- Definitions of education as the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, values and attitudes through both formal schooling and informal learning.
- Different levels and types of formal education such as preschool, primary, secondary, higher, adult and indigenous education.
- Key concepts in the education process like curriculum, learning modalities, teaching methods, and the increasing role of technology.
- Related fields that influence education including education theory, economics, history, philosophy, psychology and sociology.
- Challenges in developing countries including lack of educational access and capacity issues.
- Home education and common objections to homeschooling like doubts about teaching
On May 21, 2011, Matthew Morton, a researcher from Oxford University, gave a presentation at the Ministry of Education about the impact of Questscope's non-formal education programs in Jordan.
Geert Driessen 2018 Encyclopedia Early childhood education intervention progr...Driessen Research
Early childhood education (ECE) intervention programs nowadays are the core of the educational disadvantage policy in the Netherlands. They offer institutional compensatory activities to young children who lack educational stimulation in the home environment. Target groups mainly comprise children from deprived socioeconomic backgrounds and of immigrant origin. ECE is confronted with several bottlenecks, including the definition of the target groups, the quality of ECE staff, and the ECE programs. Most important is the controversy surrounding the empirical evidence of effects of ECE provisions. This article presents a description of state-of-the-art Dutch ECE, with special attention to recent Dutch studies on the effectiveness of ECE programs.
Driessen, G. (2018). Early childhood education intervention programs in the Netherlands. Still searching for empirical evidence. Educational Sciences, 8(1), 3 [1-8].
<ISSN 2227-7102>
Driessen, G. (2020). Early Childhood Education. Encyclopedia, 10 November 2020. Retrieved from: https://encyclopedia.pub/267
Unlocking potential: Closing the Education Achievement Gap in Northern IrelandCorrine Heaney
Education is the primary vehicle by which economically and socially disadvantaged children can change their lives, lift themselves out of poverty and obtain the means to participate fully in their communities. The children starting primary school in 2016 will have grown up in an economic recession and amid greatly reduced public expenditure within N. Ireland. We cannot let the ‘age of austerity’ limit this generation’s educational achievement or their aspirations.
On May 21, 2011, Matthew Morton, a researcher from Oxford University, gave a presentation at the Ministry of Education about the impact of Questscope's non-formal education programs in Jordan.
Geert Driessen 2018 Encyclopedia Early childhood education intervention progr...Driessen Research
Early childhood education (ECE) intervention programs nowadays are the core of the educational disadvantage policy in the Netherlands. They offer institutional compensatory activities to young children who lack educational stimulation in the home environment. Target groups mainly comprise children from deprived socioeconomic backgrounds and of immigrant origin. ECE is confronted with several bottlenecks, including the definition of the target groups, the quality of ECE staff, and the ECE programs. Most important is the controversy surrounding the empirical evidence of effects of ECE provisions. This article presents a description of state-of-the-art Dutch ECE, with special attention to recent Dutch studies on the effectiveness of ECE programs.
Driessen, G. (2018). Early childhood education intervention programs in the Netherlands. Still searching for empirical evidence. Educational Sciences, 8(1), 3 [1-8].
<ISSN 2227-7102>
Driessen, G. (2020). Early Childhood Education. Encyclopedia, 10 November 2020. Retrieved from: https://encyclopedia.pub/267
Unlocking potential: Closing the Education Achievement Gap in Northern IrelandCorrine Heaney
Education is the primary vehicle by which economically and socially disadvantaged children can change their lives, lift themselves out of poverty and obtain the means to participate fully in their communities. The children starting primary school in 2016 will have grown up in an economic recession and amid greatly reduced public expenditure within N. Ireland. We cannot let the ‘age of austerity’ limit this generation’s educational achievement or their aspirations.
Geert Driessen (2020) The evidence for the effectiveness of family and cente...Driessen Research
Early Childhood Education (ECE) provides compensatory educational programs both in preschools and the early grades of primary school, and for parents at home. The aim of this policy is to prevent young children from disadvantaged backgrounds starting formal schooling with significant educational delays. In many countries ECE programs are in existence for several decades now. The search in this article is for the scientific evidence-base of this policy. While the focus is on the Netherlands, the findings probably also are valid for many other countries.
If you are interested with the lecture, please send me an email at martzmonette@yahoo.com and state the purpose of your request. Thank you so much and God bless you!
Children’s Participation in Schooling and Education in Pastoralist Woredas of...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Pastoralists are among the marginalized groups of society who live in a marginalized environment and whose livelihood is exposed to the vagaries of climate and harsh environmental conditions. This study explores into impediments of pastoral children’s participation into schooling and education with particular emphasis on the primary school of selected Woreda, Afar Zone. To achieve this purpose, a qualitative research method was employed. Participants of the study were selected by employing purposive sampling mainly on the basis of their roles related to schooling. Seven members of parent teacher associations, 20 teachers, 4 school principals, 14 education experts and officials, a total of 45 respondents took part in the study. Data were collected through the use of different instruments: Strutted interview, focus group discussion, and document review and observation checklist. The data obtained through these data collection instruments were analysed thematically. The steps involved were organizing and preparing data for analysis, reading through all data, coding, generating a description of the settings and people and identifying categories or themes for analysis, representing descriptions and themes in the qualitative narrative and interpretation. The study identified several cultural and economic barriers such as early marriage, lack of interest for modern education, parental level of education, mobility, child labor, poverty and finance. The results also showed that existence of both supply and demand side constraints. Problem of funding, inability to attract and retain qualified teaching staff, poorly equipped schools and community perception of modern education as a threat to pastoralist way of life were the major supply related shortcomings. The demand side limitations were identified as dispersed settlement patterns, demand for child labour, bride-price and peer pressure. Mandatory seasonal mobility, frequent conflicts and conflict induced displacement were cited as the most pronounced disenabling features.Drought and harsh weather were the driving forces of mobility. Competition over water sources and pastureland coupled with border dispute and cattle raid were identified as the long standing causes of armed conflict which in turn result in school activity disruption. Thus, based on the findings, recommendation is made to planners and policymakers so as to alleviate the observed shortcomings. Improving quality of school facilities, sensitization campaign on the benefits of education, blended mode of delivery, peace dialogue to arrest recurring conflicts, self-proof of schools about their worthiness to the local community and rethinking of teacher incentive mechanisms are some of the important propositions made in view to avert the long standing legacy of educational under representation of the Afar pastoralist communities in Ethiopia.
Geert Driessen (2021) Encyclopedia A COVID-19 education recovery programDriessen Research
As a consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic, many students have developed substantial educational delays, both cognitively and social-emotionally. To counter such negative effects of the school closures, several policies and support strategies on attainment and social-emotional well-being have been proposed and implemented. In the Netherlands, the focus is on using evidence-based interventions to boost educational achievement. The question is how evidenced-based are the interventions really?
Driessen, G. (2021). A COVID-19 education recovery program. Encyclopedia, 23 June 2021. Retrieved from: https://encyclopedia.pub/12234
Abstract: India is a developing country having so many challenges. One of the greatest challenges before a socialist and democratic country is the education of its disadvantaged people because in absence of education these people become a major liability on it. It cannot be over emphasised that economic development of a country depends to a large extent on the quality and level of the education of its people. Indian society has been crushed for ages socially, economically and politically only because a large proportion of its population has been the deprived of proper education since time immemorial. Mass education has ever been non-existent phenomenon in this so called highly cultured and affluent ancient country. These deprived people lived a life characterised in poverty, ignorance and superstition. They were easily deprived of the basic human rights and treated as domestic animals by the few rich and powerful men in the feudal social system.
Keywords: Academic Achievement, Deprived Children.
Title: Academic Achievement of the Deprived Children
Author: Dr. N.K Singh
ISSN 2349-7831
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH)
Paper Publications
A Call for Excellence in Early Childhood EducationQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: There has been much concern in various sectors on how to make the 21st century usher in improved offerings over the past one. “This is why as early as early 19902 slogans such as education, health, housing etc for all by the 2000 began to emerge. Today we are in the middle of 2016 amidst so called 21 century; most of the expectations have not been met. This is why this paper has been put up to seek ways of improving one of the foundations of education so that the broad aims of education can be met in no distant future from today.
Geert Driessen (2019) Encyclopedia Parental involvement, parental participati...Driessen Research
Parental involvement is seen as an important strategy for the advancement of the quality of education. The ultimate objective of this is to expand the academic and social capacities of students, especially those of disadvantaged backgrounds determined by ethnic minority origin and low socio-economic status. In this contribution, various forms of both parental and school-initiated involvement will be described. In addition, results of studies into the effectiveness of parental involvement will be presented.
Driessen, G. (2019). Parental involvement, parental participation, parent-school-community partnerships. Encyclopedia, 26 August 2019. Retrieved from: https://encyclopedia.pub/279
Driessen, G. (2020). Parental involvement. Encyclopedia, 10 November 2020. Retrieved from: https://encyclopedia.pub/279
Geert Driessen (2021) Encyclopedia Parental involvement: The COVID-19 panacea?Driessen Research
The achievement gap of disadvantaged students has always been large, and is still widening. Even more now, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parental involvement is seen as an important strategy for closing this gap. The question is whether this optimism is warranted. A review of the literature pointed to a considerable diversity in parental involvement typologies, classifications, roles, forms, and activities. A synthesis of the results from twelve meta-analyses showed that the average effect of involvement on attainment is small. The type of involvement with the strongest effect appeared to be parents having high aspirations and expectations for their child. Prudence is called for, however, as there are many limitations to studying parental involvement in a reliable and valid way.
Driessen, G. (2021). Parental involvement in education: The COVID-19 panacea? Encyclopedia, 22 October 2021. Retrieved from: https://encyclopedia.pub/16375
Education School Material Presentation Template
If you want to buy this presentation template, please visit http://madlis.com
Good design gets out of the way of the content you are sharing. It helps your audience focus on the content itself instead of the design.
But, it's no secret that most people dislike giving presentations. The dread of public speaking consistently ranks among the greatest fears in public surveys.
This presentation slides can help you reduce the anxiety involved with giving a presentation. Well-designed slides not only build your own confidence, they make your key points clearer to the audience.
Geert Driessen (2020) The evidence for the effectiveness of family and cente...Driessen Research
Early Childhood Education (ECE) provides compensatory educational programs both in preschools and the early grades of primary school, and for parents at home. The aim of this policy is to prevent young children from disadvantaged backgrounds starting formal schooling with significant educational delays. In many countries ECE programs are in existence for several decades now. The search in this article is for the scientific evidence-base of this policy. While the focus is on the Netherlands, the findings probably also are valid for many other countries.
If you are interested with the lecture, please send me an email at martzmonette@yahoo.com and state the purpose of your request. Thank you so much and God bless you!
Children’s Participation in Schooling and Education in Pastoralist Woredas of...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Pastoralists are among the marginalized groups of society who live in a marginalized environment and whose livelihood is exposed to the vagaries of climate and harsh environmental conditions. This study explores into impediments of pastoral children’s participation into schooling and education with particular emphasis on the primary school of selected Woreda, Afar Zone. To achieve this purpose, a qualitative research method was employed. Participants of the study were selected by employing purposive sampling mainly on the basis of their roles related to schooling. Seven members of parent teacher associations, 20 teachers, 4 school principals, 14 education experts and officials, a total of 45 respondents took part in the study. Data were collected through the use of different instruments: Strutted interview, focus group discussion, and document review and observation checklist. The data obtained through these data collection instruments were analysed thematically. The steps involved were organizing and preparing data for analysis, reading through all data, coding, generating a description of the settings and people and identifying categories or themes for analysis, representing descriptions and themes in the qualitative narrative and interpretation. The study identified several cultural and economic barriers such as early marriage, lack of interest for modern education, parental level of education, mobility, child labor, poverty and finance. The results also showed that existence of both supply and demand side constraints. Problem of funding, inability to attract and retain qualified teaching staff, poorly equipped schools and community perception of modern education as a threat to pastoralist way of life were the major supply related shortcomings. The demand side limitations were identified as dispersed settlement patterns, demand for child labour, bride-price and peer pressure. Mandatory seasonal mobility, frequent conflicts and conflict induced displacement were cited as the most pronounced disenabling features.Drought and harsh weather were the driving forces of mobility. Competition over water sources and pastureland coupled with border dispute and cattle raid were identified as the long standing causes of armed conflict which in turn result in school activity disruption. Thus, based on the findings, recommendation is made to planners and policymakers so as to alleviate the observed shortcomings. Improving quality of school facilities, sensitization campaign on the benefits of education, blended mode of delivery, peace dialogue to arrest recurring conflicts, self-proof of schools about their worthiness to the local community and rethinking of teacher incentive mechanisms are some of the important propositions made in view to avert the long standing legacy of educational under representation of the Afar pastoralist communities in Ethiopia.
Geert Driessen (2021) Encyclopedia A COVID-19 education recovery programDriessen Research
As a consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic, many students have developed substantial educational delays, both cognitively and social-emotionally. To counter such negative effects of the school closures, several policies and support strategies on attainment and social-emotional well-being have been proposed and implemented. In the Netherlands, the focus is on using evidence-based interventions to boost educational achievement. The question is how evidenced-based are the interventions really?
Driessen, G. (2021). A COVID-19 education recovery program. Encyclopedia, 23 June 2021. Retrieved from: https://encyclopedia.pub/12234
Abstract: India is a developing country having so many challenges. One of the greatest challenges before a socialist and democratic country is the education of its disadvantaged people because in absence of education these people become a major liability on it. It cannot be over emphasised that economic development of a country depends to a large extent on the quality and level of the education of its people. Indian society has been crushed for ages socially, economically and politically only because a large proportion of its population has been the deprived of proper education since time immemorial. Mass education has ever been non-existent phenomenon in this so called highly cultured and affluent ancient country. These deprived people lived a life characterised in poverty, ignorance and superstition. They were easily deprived of the basic human rights and treated as domestic animals by the few rich and powerful men in the feudal social system.
Keywords: Academic Achievement, Deprived Children.
Title: Academic Achievement of the Deprived Children
Author: Dr. N.K Singh
ISSN 2349-7831
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH)
Paper Publications
A Call for Excellence in Early Childhood EducationQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: There has been much concern in various sectors on how to make the 21st century usher in improved offerings over the past one. “This is why as early as early 19902 slogans such as education, health, housing etc for all by the 2000 began to emerge. Today we are in the middle of 2016 amidst so called 21 century; most of the expectations have not been met. This is why this paper has been put up to seek ways of improving one of the foundations of education so that the broad aims of education can be met in no distant future from today.
Geert Driessen (2019) Encyclopedia Parental involvement, parental participati...Driessen Research
Parental involvement is seen as an important strategy for the advancement of the quality of education. The ultimate objective of this is to expand the academic and social capacities of students, especially those of disadvantaged backgrounds determined by ethnic minority origin and low socio-economic status. In this contribution, various forms of both parental and school-initiated involvement will be described. In addition, results of studies into the effectiveness of parental involvement will be presented.
Driessen, G. (2019). Parental involvement, parental participation, parent-school-community partnerships. Encyclopedia, 26 August 2019. Retrieved from: https://encyclopedia.pub/279
Driessen, G. (2020). Parental involvement. Encyclopedia, 10 November 2020. Retrieved from: https://encyclopedia.pub/279
Geert Driessen (2021) Encyclopedia Parental involvement: The COVID-19 panacea?Driessen Research
The achievement gap of disadvantaged students has always been large, and is still widening. Even more now, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parental involvement is seen as an important strategy for closing this gap. The question is whether this optimism is warranted. A review of the literature pointed to a considerable diversity in parental involvement typologies, classifications, roles, forms, and activities. A synthesis of the results from twelve meta-analyses showed that the average effect of involvement on attainment is small. The type of involvement with the strongest effect appeared to be parents having high aspirations and expectations for their child. Prudence is called for, however, as there are many limitations to studying parental involvement in a reliable and valid way.
Driessen, G. (2021). Parental involvement in education: The COVID-19 panacea? Encyclopedia, 22 October 2021. Retrieved from: https://encyclopedia.pub/16375
Education School Material Presentation Template
If you want to buy this presentation template, please visit http://madlis.com
Good design gets out of the way of the content you are sharing. It helps your audience focus on the content itself instead of the design.
But, it's no secret that most people dislike giving presentations. The dread of public speaking consistently ranks among the greatest fears in public surveys.
This presentation slides can help you reduce the anxiety involved with giving a presentation. Well-designed slides not only build your own confidence, they make your key points clearer to the audience.
Education School Material Presentation Template
If you want to buy this presentation template, please visit http://madlis.com
Good design gets out of the way of the content you are sharing. It helps your audience focus on the content itself instead of the design.
But, it's no secret that most people dislike giving presentations. The dread of public speaking consistently ranks among the greatest fears in public surveys.
This presentation slides can help you reduce the anxiety involved with giving a presentation. Well-designed slides not only build your own confidence, they make your key points clearer to the audience.
Stanford SOCIAL INNOVATIONReviewRedefining Education i.docxwhitneyleman54422
Stanford SOCIAL INNOVATION
Review
Redefining Education in the Developing
World
By Mark J. Epstein & Kristi Yuthas | Winter 2012
In most developing countries, few children graduate from secondary school and many
don’t even finish primary school. In Ghana, for example, only 50 percent of children
complete grade 5, and of those, less than half can comprehend a simple paragraph.
The UNESCO program Education for All, which as part of the Millennium Development
Goals aims to provide free, universal access to primary schooling, has been successful
in dramatically increasing enrollment. But, according to annual Education for All reports,
many kids drop out before finishing school. Why don’t they stay?
There are numerous reasons, including the difficulty of getting to school and the cost of
schooling. Even when tuition is free, there are often expenses for lunch, uniforms, and
examination fees. And because the quality of education is often poor, parents are
forced to pay for additional tutoring to enable their children to pass tests. Opportunity
costs may be even larger — while they are in school, children forgo opportunities to
produce income working on the family farm or selling in the marketplace. It is not
surprising that when education investments do not result in adequate learning, or even
basic literacy and numeracy, parents do not keep their children in school.
Even when learning outcomes are adequate, very few students continue on to
secondary school. Job prospects for most people in the developing world are poor, and
staying in school past grade 5, or even through grade 10, does not improve them
significantly. In impoverished regions, the vast majority will not secure formal
employment and will be supported primarily through subsistence level agriculture and
trading. Health outcomes in these regions are also dire. Millions of children die every
year from controllable diseases such as diarrhea, respiratory infections, and malaria.
Educational programs typically adopt traditional Western models of education, with an
emphasis on math, science, language, and social studies. These programs allocate
scarce resources to topics like Greek mythology, prime numbers, or tectonic plate
movement — topics that may provide intellectual stimulation, but have little relevance in
the lives of impoverished children. High performing students in less developed regions
face a much different future from their counterparts’ in wealthier areas. There are no
higher levels of schooling or professional job opportunities awaiting most of these
1
children; they will likely end up working on family or neighborhood farms or starting their
own small enterprises.
Schooling provides neither the financial literacy students will need to manage the
meager resources under their control, nor the guidance needed to create opportunities
for securing a liv.
Saud AlotaibiWRC 1013.01sProf. M. Leath22 July 2014.docxkenjordan97598
Saud Alotaibi
WRC 1013.01s
Prof. M. Leath
22 July 2014
essay #1
Education system
How the education has changed depends on how we look at the education. Education is “The action or process of educating or of being educated”(Merriam-Webster).Merriam-Webster defined the education in two ways. First is the action of people to educate other or the process of being educated. Second way to define education is that it is the field of study which mainly concerned with the various methods of teaching. Generally education is defined as the process in which knowledge and skills of people are transformed from generation to generation. These factors are transferred through teaching, by conducting different research and trainings. Education is divided into various stages which are pre-schools, primary schools, secondary schools, colleges and universities.
Preschools are also known as nursery school or kindergarten. It provides the education for the age groups of three to five years or seven years old. Preschool knowledge is very important for everyone because if child do not possess the preschool knowledge then he will remain behind the other children when they will enter into the formal education. This stage of education is prior to the compulsory education of primary stage of education. These sorts of institutions may be run by the government or may be privately owned. Origin of this stage of education belongs to that time when education was restricted for the children who learnt education at their homes then government tried to make education accessible for those children who were orphan or whose mothers was working in the factories. Johann Friedrich Oberlin and Louise Scheppler established the institution for the pre-age children who parents were not there in 1779. Early years of life is very important for the absorption of information than the later age. In those days there is rapid growth of brains so these institutions with the high quality staff have long term impacts on the growth of children. These institutions play their important role in the economic, social, emotional and physical development of children. These institutions increase the skills of children regarding the team-work, awareness of world knowledge and communication skills.
Primary education is comprises of the five to six years of formal education. Normally children of five to six years possess this education. But there age may vary from countries to countries. Overall, 89 percent of children are enrolled in the primary education whose belongs to the age group of primary educations. It is compulsory for all. This stage of education increases the awareness of children about various subjects. It is the source to build the foundation about science, geography, history and mathematics. To achieve the universal primary education by the year 2015 is the United Nations Millennium Development Goal. According to which by the year 2015 every child in the world will achiev.
Education Please respond to the following· Based on the Webte.docxjack60216
"Education" Please respond to the following:
· Based on the Webtext materials and article below, address the following
· Western models of education clearly are not working in the developing world.
· 1. Outline, then, the most significant obstacles to obtaining an education in these countries.
· 2. Secondly, aside from the obvious solution of building more schools, what can government do to help their people escape poverty through education?DUE 5-9-15Stanford Social Innovation Review
Stanford SOCIAL INNOVATION
Review
Redefining Education in the Developing World
By Mark J. Epstein & Kristi Yuthas | Winter 2012
In most developing countries, few children graduate from secondary school and many don’t even finish primary school. In Ghana, for example, only 50 percent of children complete grade 5, and of those, less than half can comprehend a simple paragraph. The UNESCO program Education for All, which as part of the Millennium Development Goals aims to provide free, universal access to primary schooling, has been successful in dramatically increasing enrollment. But, according to annual Education for All reports, many kids drop out before finishing school. Why don’t they stay?
There are numerous reasons, including the difficulty of getting to school and the cost of schooling. Even when tuition is free, there are often expenses for lunch, uniforms, and examination fees. And because the quality of education is often poor, parents are forced to pay for additional tutoring to enable their children to pass tests. Opportunity costs may be even larger — while they are in school, children forgo opportunities to produce income working on the family farm or selling in the marketplace. It is not surprising that when education investments do not result in adequate learning, or even basic literacy and numeracy, parents do not keep their children in school.
Even when learning outcomes are adequate, very few students continue on to secondary school. Job prospects for most people in the developing world are poor, and staying in school past grade 5, or even through grade 10, does not improve them significantly. In impoverished regions, the vast majority will not secure formal employment and will be supported primarily through subsistence level agriculture and trading. Health outcomes in these regions are also dire. Millions of children die every year from controllable diseases such as diarrhea, respiratory infections, and malaria.
Educational programs typically adopt traditional Western models of education, with an emphasis on math, science, language, and social studies. These programs allocate scarce resources to topics like Greek mythology, prime numbers, or tectonic plate movement — topics that may provide intellectual stimulation, but have little relevance in the lives of impoverished children. High performing students in less developed regions face a much different future from their counterparts’ in wealthier areas. There are no higher levels ...
DUE 5-13-15 NO plagiarismEducation Please respond to the fo.docxjacksnathalie
DUE 5-13-15 NO plagiarism
“Education" Please respond to the following:
Based on the Webtext materials and article below, address the following Western models of education clearly are not working in the developing world.
· 1. Outline, then, the most significant obstacles to obtaining an education in these countries.
· 2. Secondly, aside from the obvious solution of building more schools, what can government do to help their people escape poverty through education?Stanford Social Innovation Review
Stanford SOCIAL INNOVATION
Review
Redefining Education in the Developing World
By Mark J. Epstein & Kristi Yuthas | Winter 2012
In most developing countries, few children graduate from secondary school and many don’t even finish primary school. In Ghana, for example, only 50 percent of children complete grade 5, and of those, less than half can comprehend a simple paragraph. The UNESCO program Education for All, which as part of the Millennium Development Goals aims to provide free, universal access to primary schooling, has been successful in dramatically increasing enrollment. But, according to annual Education for All reports, many kids drop out before finishing school. Why don’t they stay?
There are numerous reasons, including the difficulty of getting to school and the cost of schooling. Even when tuition is free, there are often expenses for lunch, uniforms, and examination fees. And because the quality of education is often poor, parents are forced to pay for additional tutoring to enable their children to pass tests. Opportunity costs may be even larger — while they are in school, children forgo opportunities to produce income working on the family farm or selling in the marketplace. It is not surprising that when education investments do not result in adequate learning, or even basic literacy and numeracy, parents do not keep their children in school.
Even when learning outcomes are adequate, very few students continue on to secondary school. Job prospects for most people in the developing world are poor, and staying in school past grade 5, or even through grade 10, does not improve them significantly. In impoverished regions, the vast majority will not secure formal employment and will be supported primarily through subsistence level agriculture and trading. Health outcomes in these regions are also dire. Millions of children die every year from controllable diseases such as diarrhea, respiratory infections, and malaria.
Educational programs typically adopt traditional Western models of education, with an emphasis on math, science, language, and social studies. These programs allocate scarce resources to topics like Greek mythology, prime numbers, or tectonic plate movement — topics that may provide intellectual stimulation, but have little relevance in the lives of impoverished children. High performing students in less developed regions face a much different future from their counterparts’ in wealthier areas. There are no hig ...
dergarten is the transition period from informal to formal literacy (Grades 1–12), considering that age five (5) is within the critical years in which positive
experiences must be nurtured to ascertain school readiness. Extensive research has shown that this is the period of greatest growth and development,
during which the brain continuously develops most rapidly and almost at its fullest. It is also the stage when self-esteem, vision of the world, moral
foundations are established, and their mind’s absorptive capacity for learning is at its sharpest. Teachers/parents/caregivers/adults should therefore be
guided to facilitate explorations of our young learners in an engaging, creative, and child-centered curriculum that is developmentally appropriate and which
immerses them in meaningful experiences. Provision of varied play-based activities leads them to becoming emergent literates and helps them to naturally
acquire the competencies to develop holistically. They are able to understand the world by exploring their environment, as they are encouraged to create and
discover, which eventually leads them to becoming willing risk takers and ready to tackle formal school work.
Section 5 of said Republic Act also state the adoption of the Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE). Therefore, the mother
tongue of the learner shall be the primary medium of instruction for teaching and learning in kindergarten
The Importance of Promoting Inclusion Of Persons With Disabilities for All KidsNehaNaayar
The collaborative education of children with special needs and those who are generally developing is referred to as inclusive education. It’s a concept that is frequently misinterpreted and abused; whereas many schools make the claim to be inclusive, very few actually are. But what does it mean to “promoting inclusion of persons with disabilities”?
What is inclusive education?
In inclusive education, regular students and students with special needs connect socially and academically while learning in the same physical area. Sharing the same physical area while taking part in entirely separate activities is not inclusive; it is not an either-or situation. Because of this, it’s critical for the entire school community to recognise the value of inclusion and make it a priority. This includes school administrators, instructors, parents, and students. When that occurs, everyone wins.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
Cultural studies
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Cultural Studies Homework
Topic: Concept of Education
Instructor: Ly Phyrith
Name: Pet Bunthorng
Introduction: What is education?
Unit1: Education
Education is the process by which people acquire knowledge, skills, habits, values, attitudes.
The word Education is also use to describe the results of the educational process. Education should
make people become members of the society. It should also help them develop an appreciation of
their culture heritage and live more satisfying lives. The most common way to get education is to
attend school. But much education also takes place outside the classroom.
Education involves both learning and teaching. Sometimes, people learn by teaching
themselves. But they also learn with the help of other people, such as parents or teachers. Parents
are a child’s first and perhaps the most important instructors. They teach their children attitudes,
habits and values that help sharp their character and remain with them throughout life. But, most
parents have neither the time nor the ability to teach their children everything they need to know.
Teachers and schools have the chief responsibility for education. The organized instruction
they provide is called formal education. Learning that results from less organized instruction are
called informal education.
The word Education is derived from Educare (Latin) “bring up”, which is related to Educere
“bring out”, “bring forth what is within”, “bring out potential” and ducere, “lead”.
Teacher in educational institutions direct the education of students and might draw on many
subjects, including reading, writing, mathematics science and history. There is also education in
field for those who want specific vocational skills, such as those required to be a pilot.
1. Systems of formal Education
Education is the process by which people learn:
• Instruction refers to the facilitating of learning, usually by teachers.
• Teaching refers to the actions of a real live instructor to impart learning to the
students
• Learning refers to learning with a view toward preparing learners with specific
knowledge, skills, or abilities that can applied immediately upon completion.
a. Preschool education
Preschool education or Infant education is an early childhood program in which
children combine learning with play in the program run by professionally trained adults.
Children almost commonly enrolled in preschool between the ages of three and five, though
those as young as two can attend some school. Preschool are different from traditional day
care in that their emphasis is learning and development rather than enabling parents to
works or pursue other activities.
In British English, nursery school or simply “nursery” or playgroup is the usual term for
preschool education, although the term preschool is also commonly used.
The framework includes structural (administration, class size, teacher-child ratio, services,
etc.), process (quality of classroom environments, teacher-child interactions, etc.), and
alignment (standard, curriculum, assessments) components that are associated with each
individual unique child that has both social and academic outcomes.
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i. Developmental areas
The areas of development which preschool education covers varies from country to
country. However, the following main themes are represented in the majority of systems.
• Personal, social, economical, and emotional development
• Communication, including sign language, talking and listening
• Knowledge and understanding of the world
• Creative and aesthetic development
• Educational software
• Mathematical awareness and development
• Physical development
• Playing
• Self-helps skills
• Social skills
ii. Age and importance
Preschool is generally considered appropriate for children between zero or three and
and five years of age, between the baby and toddlers and stages.
The environment of young child influences the development of cognitive skills and
emotional skills due to the rapid brain growth that occurs in the early years. Studies that
shown high quality preschool have a short and long term effect in improving outcomes of a
child, especially a disadvantaged child. However, some more recent studies dispute the
accuracy of the earlier results which cited benefits to preschool education, and actually point
at preschool being detrimental to a child’s cognitive and social development.
iii. Gratuity
The gratuity of infant education has been established in some countries, as Spain,
beginning in the second cycle (from three to six years), but extending to the first cycle (from
birth to three years).
iv. History of preschool in the United State
Head start, the first publicly founded preschool program, was create in 1965 by
president Johnson. Head start began as a summer pilot program that included an education
component, nutrition and health screenings for children, and support services for families
(CPE, 2007). In the 1960s only ten percent of nations three and four year olds were enrolled
classroom setting. By 2005 sixty- nine percent, or over 800,000, four year old children
nationwide participated in some type of state preschool program (CPE, 2007). The yearly
increase in enrollment of preschool program throughout the year is due to the increase of
high maternal employment rates, nation anti- poverty initiatives, and research showing the
link between early childhood experiences and brain development of young children.
In most states, there are multiple preschool or Pre-K options for young children.
Parents have the choice of sending their child to a federally funded Head Start program.
v. Methods of Preschool Systems
Some preschool have adopted specialized methods of teaching, such as Montessori,
Waldorf, Head Start, HighReach Learning, High Scope, The creative Curriculum, Reggio
Emilia approach, Bank Street, Forest Kindergartens, and various pedagogies which
contribute to the foundation of education.
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Creative curriculum has an interactive website where parents and teachers can work
together in evaluating preschool age children.
The international Preschool Curriculum adopted a bilingual approach to teaching and
offers a curriculum that embraces international standards and recognizes national
requirements for preschool education.
vi. Funding for Preschool Program
The benefits and challenges of a public preschool are closely tied to the amount of
funding provided. Funding for public preschool can come in a variety of sources.
According to Levin and Schwartz (2007) funding can range from federal, state, local
public allocations, private sources and parental fee. The problem of funding a public
school occurs not only from limited sources but also from the cost per child.
b. Primary Education
Primary (or elementary) education normally stated between the ages of 5-7, and was
designed to give a sound basic education in reading, writing and mathematics along with an
elementary understanding of other subjects.
The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) believes that providing children with
primary education has many positive effects. It
• Decreases poverty
• Decreases child mortality rate
• Engages gender equality
• Increases environmental understanding.
c. Secondary Education
Secondary education is in most countries the phase in the education continuum
responsible for the development of the young during their adolescences, the most rapid
phase of their physical, mental and emotional growth. The secondary education mainly
occurs during the teenager years. The purpose of secondary education can be to give
common knowledge, to prepare for higher education or to train directly in a profession.
The emergence of secondary education in United States did not happen until 1910,
caused by the rise businesses and technological advances in the factories (for instance,
emergence of electrification), that required skilled workers. In Europe, the grammar school
and academy existed from as early as the 16th
century; public schools and fee-paying
schools or charitable educational foundations have an even longer history.
d. Higher Education
Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or post-secondary education, is the
non-compulsory educational level. Tertiary education is normally taken include
undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational and the training. Tertiary
education generally results in the receipt of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.
Higher education includes teaching, research and social services activities of
universities and within the realm of teaching and it generally involved works towards a
degree level or foundation qualification degrees. Higher education is very important to
national economies, both as a significant industry its own right, and as a source of trained
and educated personnel for the rest of the economies.
e. Adult Education
Adult education takes on many forms, ranging from formal class-based learning to
self-directed learning and e-learning.
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f. Alternative Education
Alternative education is an educational program or system that is separate from a
mainstream educational program or system and that is designed especially for students with
academic or behavioral difficulties (ranging from teenage pregnancy to intellectual
disability).
g. Indigenous Education
Indigenous education specifically focuses on teaching Indigenous knowledge,
models, methods, and content within formal or non-formal educational systems. The
growing recognition and use of Indigenous education methods can be a response to the
erosion and loss of Indigenous knowledge through the processes of colonialism,
globalization, and modernity.
2. Process
a. Curriculum
An academic discipline is branch of knowledge which is formally thought, either at
the university, or via some other such method. Example of broad areas of academic
disciplines includes the nature sciences, mathematics, computer sciences, social sciences,
humanities and applied sciences.
b. Learning modalities
It is currently fashionable to divide education to different learning “modes”. The
learning modalities are probably the most common:
• Visual: learning based on observation and seeing what is being learned
• Auditory: learning based on listening to instructions/information
• Kinesthetic: learning based on hands-on work and engaging activities
Although it is claimed that, depending on their preferred learning modality, different
teaching techniques have different levels of effectiveness.
A consequence of this theory is that effective teaching should present a variety of
teaching methods which covers all three learning modalities so that different students have
equal opportunities to learn in the way that is effective for them.
c. Teaching
Teachers need to understand a subject enough to convey its essence to students.
While traditionally this has involved lecturing on the part of the teacher, new instructional
strategies put the teacher more in role of course designer, discussion facilitator, and the
students more into the role of active learner, discovering the subject of the course. Good
teachers can translate information, good judgment, experience and wisdom into relevant
knowledge that a student can understand, retain and pass to others.
d. Technology
Technology is an increasingly influential factor in education. Computers and mobile
phones are used in developed countries and both to complement established education
practices and develop new ways of learning such online education (a type of distance
education). Technology offers powerful learning tools that demand new skills and
understandings of students, including Multimedia and provides new ways to engage
students, such as Virtual learning environments. Technology is being used more not only in
administrative duties in education, but also the instruction of students and it is also being in
the assessment of students.
Information and communication and technologies (ICTs) are a “diverse set of tools
and resources used to communicate, create, disseminate, store and manage information.
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These are technology include computers, the internet, broadcasting technologies (radio and
television) and telephony.
The use of computer and internet is in its infancy in developing countries, if there
used at all, due to limited infrastructure and the attendant of high costs of access.
The term “computer-assisted learning” (CAL) has been increasingly used to describe
the use of technology in teaching.
3. Education theory
Education theory is the theory of purpose, application and interpretation of education
and learning. Its history begins with classical Greek educationalists and sophists and
includes, since the 18th
century, pedagogy and andragogy.
4. Economics
It has been argued that high rate of education are essential for countries to be able to
achieve high levels of economic growth. Empirical analyses tend to support the
theoretical prediction that countries should grow faster than rich countries because they
can adopt cutting edge technologies already tried and tested by rich countries. However,
technology transfer requires knowledgeable managers and engineers who are able to
operate new machines or production practices borrowed from the leader in order to close
the gap through imitation.
5. History
The history of education according to Dieter Lenten, president of the University of
Berlin 1994, “began either millions of years ago or at the end of 1770”. The history of
education is the history of man as since it’s the main occupation of man to pass
knowledge, skill and attitude from one generation to other so is education.
Nowadays some kind of education is compulsory to all people in most countries.
Due to population growth and proliferation of compulsory education, UNESCO has
calculated that in the 30 years more people will receive from education than in all of the
human history thus far.
6. Philosophy
As an academic field, philosophy of education is a “the philosophical study of
education and its problems… its central subject matter is education, and its methods are
those of philosophy.” The philosophy of education may be either the philosophy of the
process of education or the philosophy of the discipline of education.
7. Psychology
Educational Psychology is the study of how humans learn in education settings, the
effectiveness of educational interventions, the psychology of teaching, and social
psychology of schools as organizations.
Educational psychology can in part be understood though its relationship with other
disciplines. Educational psychology in turn informs a wild range of specialties within
educational studies, includes instructional design, educational technology, curriculum
development, organizational learning, special education and classroom management.
Educational psychology both draws from and contributes to cognitive science and the
learning sciences.
8. Sociology
The sociology of education is the study of how social institutions and forces affect
educational processes and outcomes, and vice versa. The purpose of education can be to
develop every individual to their full potential. The understanding of the goals and
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means of educational socialization processes differs according to the sociological
paradigm used.
9. Education in the Development world
Demand in the developing world for improved educational access is not as high as
one would expect as governments avoid recurrent costs involved and there is economics
pressure on those parents who prefer their children making money in their short term
over many long term benefits of education. Recent studies on child labor and poverty
have suggested that where poor families reach a certain economic threshold where
families are able to provide for their basic needs. Parents return their children to school.
But, without capacity, there is no development. A study conducted by UNESCO
International Institution for educational planning those stronger capacities in educational
planning and management may have an important spill-over effect on the system as a
whole. Sustainable capacity development requires the complex interventions at the
institutional, organizational and individual levels that could be based on some
foundational principle:
• National leadership and ownership could be touchstone in many interventions;
• Strategies must be context relevant and context specific
• They should embrace an integrated set of complementary interventions, though
implementation may need to proceed in steps
• Partners should commit to a long term investment in capacity development,
while working towards some short term achievements;
• Outside intervention should be condition on an impact assessment of national
capacities at various levels.
A lack of good universities, and a low acceptance rate for good universities, is
evident in countries with a high population density. In some countries, there are
uniform, over structured, inflexible centralized program from a central agency that
regulates all aspects of education.
• Due to globalization, increased pressure on students in curricular activities.
• Removal of the certain percentage of students for improvisation of academics
(usually practiced in schools, after grade 10th
).
In Africa, NEPAD has launched an “e-learning program” to provide ass 600,000
primary and high schools with computer equipment, learning materials and internet
access 10 years. An International Development Agency project called nabuur.com,
started with the support of former American President Bill Clinton, uses the internet
to allow co-operation be individuals on issues of social development.
1. Internationalization
Education is becoming increasingly international. Not only are the materials
becoming more influenced by the rich international environment but exchanges among
at all levels are playing increasingly important role. In Europe, for example the Secretes
Erasmus Program stimulates exchanges across European universities. Also the Soros
Foundation provides many opportunities for students from central Asia and Eastern
Europe.
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Unit 2: HOME EDUCATION – CONCEPTS AND OBJECTIONS
Home education is an education otherwise than education in school. A definition of
“otherwise” is chosen and controlled by parents, inside generally educational law paragraphs. It has
to be like this to keep such an education a free choice of education.
Lately the concept home-based education is more often used instead of homeschooling or
home education.
In England, home education is the used concept for parents who educate their children
themselves. Home education is chosen, because it states very clear that such an education is not
ordinary inside home.
Arguments in favor of home-based education end up underlining with how important it is
that parents and authorities (and schools) cooperate to the best for children. The actors in home-
based education are very often internet-schools who cooperate with school authorities on different
levels.
Home-based education seems to be a hidden strategy to control and re-school home
education
Objection to homeschooling
When parents decide to homeschool their children, they face many hurdles. These
include self-doubt about decision, worries about the reactions of family and friends,
bureaucratic interference from school officials, and sometimes even problems with the
legality of their decision, depending on how they choose to pursue homeschooling and laws
of their jurisdiction (Marlow, 1994; Mayberry, et al., 1995).
Socialization
One of the most common questions homeschool graduates and homeschooled
children face is that of socialization. In order to address this question, it is important to first
understand what is meant by the term “socialization.” Socialization refers to social
interaction but it also refers to understanding and learning to navigate a society’s social
norms and rules of behavior. Most scholars view peer interaction, which generally centers
on the school, as a critical component of this kind of socialization. However, many
homeschool parents and leaders argue that the socialization children receive in school is
unnatural and actually harmful, and that socialization is best gained through life experiences
that center on the family, and should include interactions with those in a variety of age
groups.
The inability to cope, one of the interpretations of the socialization question is that
students who are homeschooled will not be able to cope with the harsh realities of life
beyond their family environment (Huffman, 1997). In school the argument goes, children
learn value skills such as the ability to work with others, to handle interpersonal conflicts,
works in groups or teams and to make personal sacrifices for the betterment of the group.
Homeschooled children, who will not necessarily acquire these skills because of detective
cocoon of the home, will then be at an advantage when they grow up.
Bias and narrow curricular content, a second issue which is sometimes refer to by
the socialization question is whether or not parents can provide their children with a
sufficiently broad education. In school, critics argue children are exposed to many teachers,
each with their own area of expertise. No parents, no matter how intelligent and dedicated,
could possibly provide this breadth of understanding of their children.
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The problem of bias and narrow curricular content is more serious when parents
deliberately set out to teach of their children a “distorted” or erroneous view of the world.
This claim is usually reserved for those people to keep their children out of school because
they want to teach them the dogmatic view of the world, such as a belief in a creationism.
Occasionally, people who tried to instill “new age” values or beliefs in their children are
accused of bias.
Lack of exposure to others, a final thread of the socialization objection to
homeschooling is that homeschooled children do not receive enough exposure to other
people and their distinctive way of life. Especially in this era of many cultures, schools teach
students from extremely diverse culture of ethnic backgrounds.
Elitism
Homeschoolers have been accused of being elitist. The argument takes one of two
forms. The first one is that the current public system is in disarray, but parents have a duty to
tries to improve that is system to make it better to all children.
A second version of elitism criticism of homeschooling is that homeschooling can
only be done by parents with high level of education. The argument of homeschooling may
work for the well-educated elite because they have the ability to teach their kid at home. But
for people who don’t have high levels of education, they must rely on the public school
system.
High education
Another worry of critics of homeschooling is that homeschooled kids will be
disadvantaged in their abilities to apply for post-secondary education opportunities. This
criticism is different from all of the other criticisms because it is a concern that is shared by
homeschoolers. The argument from the critics is that homeschooler will not have the
credentials (namely a high school or equivalent diploma) to apply for college, trade school
or university.
Citizenship and choice in education
All of the above criticism of homeschooling are really concerns about parental
choice in education, and another conflict between parental rights and state rights in
education worries about coping in the real world, getting along with others, working for the
common good rather than individual privilege and being able to contribute to society
through higher education are all based on a vision of what good citizens do. Because of this,
they are also concerns about citizenship and whether or not homeschoolers will fit into the
larger society in the proper way.