1) The document discusses cognitive development and learning in early childhood education. It describes how school provides opportunities for children to develop cognitive skills through new concepts, exploration, and experimentation. 2) It also discusses a case study of a school psychologist evaluating a child, Michael, to determine appropriate educational placement. Intelligence testing is discussed as well as controversies in assessing intelligence. 3) The teacher is encouraged to discuss strategies used in a lesson to enhance cognition, how those strategies influence development, and how cognitive abilities could be reinforced after the lesson. Additional factors like environment, genetics, and biology that could affect a child's testing performance are also to be considered without diagnosing.