Presentation by Lucilla Steinaa at a Global African Swine Fever Research Alliance (GARA)/International Alliance for Biological Standardization (IABS) webinar on current efforts in African swine fever vaccines, 6 May 2021
African Swine Fever (ASF) virus genomics and diagnosticsILRI
This document summarizes activities related to analyzing the genetics of the African Swine Fever virus (ASFV) in Kenya. It discusses sequencing the whole ASFV genome to analyze diversity and origins of outbreaks. Genotyping using three genetic markers finds that recent Kenyan outbreaks involve genotype IX, the same genotype present in Uganda. While whole genome sequencing and genetic analysis can inform vaccine development and tracing outbreaks, developing low-cost, rapid field diagnostics remains a priority for controlling ASF. Surveillance of pigs in coastal Kenya may also be needed to prevent the spread of genotype IX globally.
Presented by Etienne de Villiers at the African Swine Fever Diagnostics, Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control Workshop, Nairobi, Kenya, 20-21 July 2011
Genomic surveillance of the Rift Valley fever: From sequencing to Lineage ass...ILRI
Poster prepared John Juma, Vagner Fonseca, Samson Limbaso, Peter van Heusden, Kristina Roesel, Bernard Bett, Rosemary Sang, Alan Christoffels, Tulio de Oliveira and Samuel Oyola for the Kenya One Health Online Conference, 6-8 December 2021
Background
Influenza A viruses are medically significant pathogens responsible for higher mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Swine influenza is known to be caused by influenza A subtypes H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2, which are highly contagious, and belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae. Efficient and accurate diagnosis of influenza A in individuals is critical for monitoring of a constantly evolving pandemic. A rapid result is important, because timely treatment can reduce disease severity and duration. Rapid antigen tests were among the first-line diagnostic tools for the detection of pandemic H1N1 (2009) virus infection during the initial outbreak. Current study focuses on the significant approach of the usage of molecular method utilizing real-time PCR for the detection of type A influenza virus (H1N1 subtype) in humans.
Methods
A total of 2000 mixed nasal/throat swab specimens collected in commercial viral transport from Apollo hospitals, Hyderabad were submitted to Institute of Preventive Medicine for molecular testing by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from 2009 to 2015 from its affiliated primary care clinics.
Results
Among the 2000 samples collected, 700 samples were positive for Human Inf A, swine Inf A, and Swine Inf H1 (fourth table in the article). One thousand two hundred samples were negative for Human Inf A, swine Inf A, and Swine Inf H1, and 100 samples were positive for Influenza A only.
Conclusion
The molecular testing of H1N1 patients helped the clinicians in timely diagnosis and treatment of these patients during the pandemic surveillance. The RT-PCR test has higher sensitivity and specificity; hence it is considered to be the best tool to use during the pandemic surveillance, as compared to the any other commercial antigen-based tests, which show a variable performance, with the sensitivities of tests from different manufacturers ranging from 9 to 77%.
African Swine Fever (ASF) virus genomics and diagnosticsILRI
This document summarizes activities related to analyzing the genetics of the African Swine Fever virus (ASFV) in Kenya. It discusses sequencing the whole ASFV genome to analyze diversity and origins of outbreaks. Genotyping using three genetic markers finds that recent Kenyan outbreaks involve genotype IX, the same genotype present in Uganda. While whole genome sequencing and genetic analysis can inform vaccine development and tracing outbreaks, developing low-cost, rapid field diagnostics remains a priority for controlling ASF. Surveillance of pigs in coastal Kenya may also be needed to prevent the spread of genotype IX globally.
Presented by Etienne de Villiers at the African Swine Fever Diagnostics, Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control Workshop, Nairobi, Kenya, 20-21 July 2011
Genomic surveillance of the Rift Valley fever: From sequencing to Lineage ass...ILRI
Poster prepared John Juma, Vagner Fonseca, Samson Limbaso, Peter van Heusden, Kristina Roesel, Bernard Bett, Rosemary Sang, Alan Christoffels, Tulio de Oliveira and Samuel Oyola for the Kenya One Health Online Conference, 6-8 December 2021
Background
Influenza A viruses are medically significant pathogens responsible for higher mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Swine influenza is known to be caused by influenza A subtypes H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2, which are highly contagious, and belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae. Efficient and accurate diagnosis of influenza A in individuals is critical for monitoring of a constantly evolving pandemic. A rapid result is important, because timely treatment can reduce disease severity and duration. Rapid antigen tests were among the first-line diagnostic tools for the detection of pandemic H1N1 (2009) virus infection during the initial outbreak. Current study focuses on the significant approach of the usage of molecular method utilizing real-time PCR for the detection of type A influenza virus (H1N1 subtype) in humans.
Methods
A total of 2000 mixed nasal/throat swab specimens collected in commercial viral transport from Apollo hospitals, Hyderabad were submitted to Institute of Preventive Medicine for molecular testing by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from 2009 to 2015 from its affiliated primary care clinics.
Results
Among the 2000 samples collected, 700 samples were positive for Human Inf A, swine Inf A, and Swine Inf H1 (fourth table in the article). One thousand two hundred samples were negative for Human Inf A, swine Inf A, and Swine Inf H1, and 100 samples were positive for Influenza A only.
Conclusion
The molecular testing of H1N1 patients helped the clinicians in timely diagnosis and treatment of these patients during the pandemic surveillance. The RT-PCR test has higher sensitivity and specificity; hence it is considered to be the best tool to use during the pandemic surveillance, as compared to the any other commercial antigen-based tests, which show a variable performance, with the sensitivities of tests from different manufacturers ranging from 9 to 77%.
Perspectives of predictive epidemiology and early warning systems for Rift Va...ILRI
Presentation by MO Nanyingi, GM Muchemi, SG Kiama, SM Thumbi and B Bett at the 47th annual scientific conference of the Kenya Veterinary Association held at Mombasa, Kenya, 24-27 April 2013.
The document discusses the need for a malaria vaccine and challenges in developing one. It provides details on various vaccine candidates and approaches, including pre-erythrocytic (preventing infection of liver), asexual blood stage (preventing growth in red blood cells), and sexual stage (blocking transmission) vaccines. Top candidates mentioned are RTS,S/AS02, which has undergone phase 3 trials, and SPf66, the first to undergo field testing. Developing an effective and durable malaria vaccine faces difficulties due to the parasite's complex life cycle and ability to evade the immune system.
This document discusses Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), including its epidemiology, vaccination strategies, and control. It begins with an outline of the presentation topics, which include the disease profile, diagnostic protocol, and prevention/control strategies. It then discusses the typical and atypical forms of PRRS, describing symptoms, transmission patterns, and field observations. The document recommends vaccination programs for naive, stable positive, and unstable positive herds. It emphasizes that vaccination, close herd management, biosecurity programs, and best management practices are required to control PRRS.
Epidemiology of African Swine Fever: A prerequisite to controlILRI
This document outlines the objectives and progress of a project studying African swine fever (ASF) in East Africa. The project aims to 1) genotype and sequence ASF virus genomes, 2) evaluate rapid diagnosis methods, 3) understand ASF epidemiology in the field, 4) assess the livelihood impact of ASF, 5) identify biosecurity measures, and 6) understand social networks related to ASF transmission. To date, the project has genotyped and sequenced viruses, trained researchers in rapid diagnosis, conducted field studies to examine virus prevalence and transmission pathways, and developed surveys to analyze the economic effects of ASF on smallholder farmers.
This document discusses viruses that infect potatoes and sweet potatoes. It provides information on the most important food crops globally and the many viruses that have been detected in potatoes and sweet potatoes so far. It then discusses various strategies for controlling virus diseases in these crops, including producing healthy planting materials, using virus-resistant cultivars, and gaining comprehensive knowledge of the viruses present. Deep sequencing of small RNAs is presented as a method for generic virus detection, discovery, and sequencing. Results of applying this method to samples from various countries in Africa are also summarized.
Ebola virus disease in the democratic republic of Congo{Momina mehmood
The EVD outbreak in the DRC has clinical and epidemiologic characteristics that are similar to those of previous EVD outbreaks in equatorial Africa.
The causal agent is a local EBOV variant, and this outbreak has a zoonotic origin different from that in the 2014 epidemic in West Africa.
Persistence of African swine fever outbreak in a farm in Kaduna, Nigeria.David Dazhia Lazarus
This document summarizes a study on the persistence of African swine fever outbreak in a farm in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study found that five breeder houses on the farm were wiped out within a week of the outbreak. Testing of samples from the single surviving piglet confirmed the presence of African swine fever virus through serology and PCR analysis. The outbreak demonstrates that African swine fever continues to be a problem in Nigeria due to unregulated pig movements and lack of effective control strategies. Comprehensive surveillance, improved biosecurity, and government support are recommended to improve management of the disease.
Identification of SNP markers for resistance to Salmonella and IBDV in indige...ILRI
Poster prepared by Psifidi, G. Banos, O. Matika, Tadelle Dessie, R. Christley, P. Wigley, J.M. Bettridge, O. Hanotte, Takele Taye Desta and P. Kaiser for the Annual Meeting of the Society of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Madrid, Spain, 20-22 March 2013.
HIV Vaccine Research and HIV drugs in the pipeline HIV Vaccine Research and...MedicineAndHealthUSA
The document provides an overview of HIV/AIDS vaccine research and development efforts. It discusses the global impact of HIV/AIDS, the need for an effective vaccine, the various phases of vaccine development and testing, different vaccine candidates currently being tested including peptide epitopes, viral proteins, and viral vectors, as well as some of the large phase 2 and 3 clinical trials underway. It emphasizes that developing a safe and effective HIV vaccine will require a global collaborative effort.
Dr. X.J. Meng - Designing PRRSV Vaccines for Heterologous ProtectionJohn Blue
1) PRRSV remains a major problem for the global swine industry, causing $664 million in losses annually in the US alone. The emergence of more virulent strains and heterogeneity have complicated vaccine development.
2) DNA shuffling techniques are being used to generate chimeric PRRSV vaccines containing structural genes from multiple heterologous strains, which have shown promise in inducing cross-neutralizing antibodies and protection against diverse strains.
3) Targeting shuffled PRRSV antigens to dendritic cells through DC-SIGN enhances antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immune responses in pigs. These approaches aim to overcome obstacles in developing a broadly protective PRRSV vaccine.
Genome Sequencing: FAO's relevant activities in Animal HealthFAO
http://tiny.cc/faowgsworkshop
FAO's activities relevant to genome sequencing- Animal Health. Presentation from the FAO expert workshop on practical applications of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) for food safety management - 7-8 December 2015, Rome, Italy.
Presentation 6: Vibrio parahaemolyticus: genome plasticity, mobile genetic el...ExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/28b6bd62-5433-4fad-b5a1-8ac61eb671b1/
International Technical Seminar/Workshops on Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)
POLICY SEMINAR
Virtual Event - Building back better: How can public food and agricultural research institutions be strengthened and rebuilt after the COVID-19 pandemic?
Co-Organized by IFPRI and the International Consortium on Applied Bioeconomic Research (ICABR)
FEB 2, 2021 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EST
The document discusses malaria, which infects hundreds of millions annually and kills over 1 million people per year, mostly in Africa. It outlines the challenges in developing an effective malaria vaccine, including the parasite's ability to evade the immune system and lack of animal models for testing. Several past and current vaccine candidates are mentioned, including SPf66 (the first field trial vaccine), RTS,S (the most advanced candidate to date), and PfSPZ Vaccine (a whole parasite vaccine showing promise in recent trials). Overall, the document reviews the state of malaria vaccine research and the hurdles remaining in developing a highly effective vaccine.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruskkrimetz
This document summarizes information about Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), including its history, etiology, prevalence, risk factors, transmission, immune response, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention. PRRSV causes reproductive losses and respiratory disease in pigs. It is endemic in many pig herds worldwide. Control and prevention strategies include vaccination, biosecurity measures, and managing exposure to reduce stress.
Dr. Michael Murtaugh and Dr. Cheryl Dvorak - Natural Infection, Immunity & Pr...John Blue
Natural Infection, Immunity & Prevalence of PCV2 - Dr. Michael Murtaugh and Dr. Cheryl Dvorak, University of Minnesota, USA , from the Boehringer Ingelheim Pre-AASV Conference, February 28, 2014 - Dallas, TX
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-boehringer-ingelheim-aasv
Perspectives of predictive epidemiology and early warning systems for Rift Va...ILRI
Presentation by MO Nanyingi, GM Muchemi, SG Kiama, SM Thumbi and B Bett at the 47th annual scientific conference of the Kenya Veterinary Association held at Mombasa, Kenya, 24-27 April 2013.
The document discusses the need for a malaria vaccine and challenges in developing one. It provides details on various vaccine candidates and approaches, including pre-erythrocytic (preventing infection of liver), asexual blood stage (preventing growth in red blood cells), and sexual stage (blocking transmission) vaccines. Top candidates mentioned are RTS,S/AS02, which has undergone phase 3 trials, and SPf66, the first to undergo field testing. Developing an effective and durable malaria vaccine faces difficulties due to the parasite's complex life cycle and ability to evade the immune system.
This document discusses Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), including its epidemiology, vaccination strategies, and control. It begins with an outline of the presentation topics, which include the disease profile, diagnostic protocol, and prevention/control strategies. It then discusses the typical and atypical forms of PRRS, describing symptoms, transmission patterns, and field observations. The document recommends vaccination programs for naive, stable positive, and unstable positive herds. It emphasizes that vaccination, close herd management, biosecurity programs, and best management practices are required to control PRRS.
Epidemiology of African Swine Fever: A prerequisite to controlILRI
This document outlines the objectives and progress of a project studying African swine fever (ASF) in East Africa. The project aims to 1) genotype and sequence ASF virus genomes, 2) evaluate rapid diagnosis methods, 3) understand ASF epidemiology in the field, 4) assess the livelihood impact of ASF, 5) identify biosecurity measures, and 6) understand social networks related to ASF transmission. To date, the project has genotyped and sequenced viruses, trained researchers in rapid diagnosis, conducted field studies to examine virus prevalence and transmission pathways, and developed surveys to analyze the economic effects of ASF on smallholder farmers.
This document discusses viruses that infect potatoes and sweet potatoes. It provides information on the most important food crops globally and the many viruses that have been detected in potatoes and sweet potatoes so far. It then discusses various strategies for controlling virus diseases in these crops, including producing healthy planting materials, using virus-resistant cultivars, and gaining comprehensive knowledge of the viruses present. Deep sequencing of small RNAs is presented as a method for generic virus detection, discovery, and sequencing. Results of applying this method to samples from various countries in Africa are also summarized.
Ebola virus disease in the democratic republic of Congo{Momina mehmood
The EVD outbreak in the DRC has clinical and epidemiologic characteristics that are similar to those of previous EVD outbreaks in equatorial Africa.
The causal agent is a local EBOV variant, and this outbreak has a zoonotic origin different from that in the 2014 epidemic in West Africa.
Persistence of African swine fever outbreak in a farm in Kaduna, Nigeria.David Dazhia Lazarus
This document summarizes a study on the persistence of African swine fever outbreak in a farm in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study found that five breeder houses on the farm were wiped out within a week of the outbreak. Testing of samples from the single surviving piglet confirmed the presence of African swine fever virus through serology and PCR analysis. The outbreak demonstrates that African swine fever continues to be a problem in Nigeria due to unregulated pig movements and lack of effective control strategies. Comprehensive surveillance, improved biosecurity, and government support are recommended to improve management of the disease.
Identification of SNP markers for resistance to Salmonella and IBDV in indige...ILRI
Poster prepared by Psifidi, G. Banos, O. Matika, Tadelle Dessie, R. Christley, P. Wigley, J.M. Bettridge, O. Hanotte, Takele Taye Desta and P. Kaiser for the Annual Meeting of the Society of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Madrid, Spain, 20-22 March 2013.
HIV Vaccine Research and HIV drugs in the pipeline HIV Vaccine Research and...MedicineAndHealthUSA
The document provides an overview of HIV/AIDS vaccine research and development efforts. It discusses the global impact of HIV/AIDS, the need for an effective vaccine, the various phases of vaccine development and testing, different vaccine candidates currently being tested including peptide epitopes, viral proteins, and viral vectors, as well as some of the large phase 2 and 3 clinical trials underway. It emphasizes that developing a safe and effective HIV vaccine will require a global collaborative effort.
Dr. X.J. Meng - Designing PRRSV Vaccines for Heterologous ProtectionJohn Blue
1) PRRSV remains a major problem for the global swine industry, causing $664 million in losses annually in the US alone. The emergence of more virulent strains and heterogeneity have complicated vaccine development.
2) DNA shuffling techniques are being used to generate chimeric PRRSV vaccines containing structural genes from multiple heterologous strains, which have shown promise in inducing cross-neutralizing antibodies and protection against diverse strains.
3) Targeting shuffled PRRSV antigens to dendritic cells through DC-SIGN enhances antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immune responses in pigs. These approaches aim to overcome obstacles in developing a broadly protective PRRSV vaccine.
Genome Sequencing: FAO's relevant activities in Animal HealthFAO
http://tiny.cc/faowgsworkshop
FAO's activities relevant to genome sequencing- Animal Health. Presentation from the FAO expert workshop on practical applications of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) for food safety management - 7-8 December 2015, Rome, Italy.
Presentation 6: Vibrio parahaemolyticus: genome plasticity, mobile genetic el...ExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/28b6bd62-5433-4fad-b5a1-8ac61eb671b1/
International Technical Seminar/Workshops on Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)
POLICY SEMINAR
Virtual Event - Building back better: How can public food and agricultural research institutions be strengthened and rebuilt after the COVID-19 pandemic?
Co-Organized by IFPRI and the International Consortium on Applied Bioeconomic Research (ICABR)
FEB 2, 2021 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EST
The document discusses malaria, which infects hundreds of millions annually and kills over 1 million people per year, mostly in Africa. It outlines the challenges in developing an effective malaria vaccine, including the parasite's ability to evade the immune system and lack of animal models for testing. Several past and current vaccine candidates are mentioned, including SPf66 (the first field trial vaccine), RTS,S (the most advanced candidate to date), and PfSPZ Vaccine (a whole parasite vaccine showing promise in recent trials). Overall, the document reviews the state of malaria vaccine research and the hurdles remaining in developing a highly effective vaccine.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruskkrimetz
This document summarizes information about Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), including its history, etiology, prevalence, risk factors, transmission, immune response, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention. PRRSV causes reproductive losses and respiratory disease in pigs. It is endemic in many pig herds worldwide. Control and prevention strategies include vaccination, biosecurity measures, and managing exposure to reduce stress.
Dr. Michael Murtaugh and Dr. Cheryl Dvorak - Natural Infection, Immunity & Pr...John Blue
Natural Infection, Immunity & Prevalence of PCV2 - Dr. Michael Murtaugh and Dr. Cheryl Dvorak, University of Minnesota, USA , from the Boehringer Ingelheim Pre-AASV Conference, February 28, 2014 - Dallas, TX
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-boehringer-ingelheim-aasv
Dr. Michael Murtaugh and Dr. Cheryl Dvorak - Natural Infection, Immunity & Pr...John Blue
PCV2 is highly prevalent in swine herds worldwide. The document summarizes research showing that:
1) Pigs are born already infected with PCV2, as the virus is present in pre-farrowing sows and transmitted to piglets in utero or during birth.
2) Piglets remain viremic for life even in the presence of antibodies, as PCV2 infection causes lifelong persistent infection.
3) The farrowing environment is thoroughly contaminated with PCV2, exposing growing piglets to constant viral challenge from the sow and environment.
This document summarizes a study on canine distemper virus (CDV) in Taiwan. The study successfully isolated two CDV field strains from infected dogs in Taiwan by co-culturing blood samples with B95a cells. It also analyzed the H gene sequences of the two isolates along with sequences from four clinical cases. The goal was to understand the genetic variation of circulating CDV strains compared to vaccine strains and identify any antigenic changes that could impact vaccine effectiveness. Peripheral blood was taken from 17 suspected cases and co-cultured with B95a cells, and cytopathic effect was observed within 2-3 days, indicating successful isolation of two CDV field strains. The H gene sequences of the
This document discusses Gumboro disease (Infectious Bursal Disease, IBD) and IBD vaccines. It provides information on when to apply field vaccination, the benefits of CEVAC IBD L vaccine, and comparisons of CEVAC IBD L to other vaccines. CEVAC IBD L uses the original Winterfield 2512 vaccine strain and has benefits such as quick immune response, spreading ability to unvaccinated birds, and guaranteed immunocompetence. Field trials found CEVAC IBD L provided better performance, lower mortality, and higher profits compared to competitor vaccines.
- Foot and mouth disease is caused by an aphthous virus from the picornaviridae family. There are 7 major serotypes that cause disease, with serotype O responsible for 80% of cases in India.
- The disease is highly contagious and affects cloven-hoofed animals like cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats. It is transmitted through inhalation or ingestion of the virus.
- Clinical signs include fever, painful sores or vesicles in the mouth and on the feet. This causes decreased milk production and weight loss. Young animals are more severely affected.
- Diagnosis is through virus isolation from lesions, immunological tests, and microscopic examination.
Gene editing in veterinary vaccine development: Status of the scienceILRI
Presentation by Lucilla Steinaa at a CGIAR webinar on 'Genome Editing in Agriculture: Innovations for Sustainable Production and Food Systems', 6 October 2020.
Fowl adenovirus: Using serology to control your flocksRafael Monleon
A presentation about Fowl Adenovirus in chickens. It provides insights on: etiology, pathology, monitoring and control among others.
Presented globally on September 9th 2014 via Watt Ag-Net Webinar by Dr. Rafael Monleon
Contact me in LinkedIn for any question: www.linkedin.com/rafaelmonleon
This document summarizes a study on Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains circulating in poultry fields in Egypt. Samples were collected from 48 flocks showing signs of Newcastle disease from 2014-2015. Viruses were isolated from samples and tested using hemagglutination inhibition and pathogenicity tests. Genetic characterization of isolates was done through RT-PCR and sequencing. A vaccination challenge experiment was conducted to evaluate protection of commercial vaccines against Egyptian NDV isolates. The aim was to study NDV epidemiology, characterize field isolates genetically and evaluate vaccine protection in local conditions.
1. Researchers are developing a transfer vector to insert three Toxoplasma gondii antigens (SAG1, ROP2, GRA2) into the VEGF locus of Orf virus (ORFV) and the adenovirus (AdV) genome to develop recombinant vaccines.
2. Flanking regions of the VEGF gene were amplified from wild-type ORFV and cloned along with a synthetic promoter upstream of the antigen cassette. The antigen cassette will then be inserted between the flanking regions.
3. For AdV, the antigen cassette will be cloned into an expression vector and then subcloned into a transfer plasmid for insertion into the AdV genome.
This document summarizes research on PCV2 vaccination protocols used in British pig production. Two field trials found that vaccinating sows with Circovac and piglets with either Circovac or Circoflex showed no significant differences in growth rates or mortality. Numerical advantages were seen in pigs vaccinated with Circovac in both trials. The document concludes that under field conditions, Circovac and Circoflex perform similarly as PCV2 vaccines for piglets.
BRM's Capabilities in Virology, Viral Immunology and Pathology: HSV-1, HSV-2, Influenza, RSV, LCMV, and CMV. For more information, please visit our website at www.BRMCRO.com.
This document summarizes a study on the isolation and molecular characterization of human adenovirus. The study found that out of 83 samples collected from eye secretions, 69 (83.13%) tested positive for human adenovirus using rapid tests and PCR. The highest rate of infection was found in individuals aged 16-30 years old (55.04%) and males had a higher rate of infection than females. Human adenovirus was successfully isolated by inoculating samples on chicken embryo fibroblast cell cultures and embryonated eggs, where cytopathic effects were observed. Molecular characterization was also conducted to identify the adenovirus strains present.
This document summarizes two research papers on fish vaccination.
The first paper evaluates an oral biofilm vaccine for Aeromonas hydrophila in carnivorous fish C. striatus. Oral vaccination for 20 days showed significant antibody response and 88% relative percent survival upon challenge. The biofilm vaccine was effective in inducing immunity.
The second paper investigates the secondary immune response in rainbow trout after repeated immersion vaccination. Monthly immersion vaccination for 3-6 months did not induce a classical secondary response as seen in humans. Serum and spleen tissue were analyzed before and after challenge, and statistical analysis showed rainbow trout do not raise a secondary response to repeated immersion vaccination.
Vaccine efficacy of FMD virus -like particles like particles like particles ...EuFMD
The European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), one of FAO’s oldest Commissions, came into being on the 12th June 1954, with the pledge of the sixth founding member state to the principles of a coordinated and common action against Foot-and-mouth Disease.
Emerging diseases of sheep and goat with reference to Blue Tongueshaikh Salahuddinshkh
This document discusses blue tongue, an emerging viral disease affecting sheep and goats. It is transmitted by biting midges and causes fever, facial swelling, and lesions in the mouth. There are 24 serotypes identified in India. Diagnosis involves virus isolation, serology, antigen detection and PCR. Treatment is supportive and control relies on vector control, quarantine, vaccination and notification of authorities. Vaccines developed in India target the most common 5 serotypes. Blue tongue is difficult to eradicate due to the many serotypes and abundant vector populations in India.
Sponsor Day on animal feeding: Antimicrobial consumption and emergence of cep...Irta
This study analyzed the relationship between antimicrobial consumption and emergence of cephalosporin resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella in pigs in several European countries. The key findings were:
1) Higher consumption of cephalosporins and other antimicrobials was associated with increased occurrence of cephalosporin resistant E. coli in pigs.
2) Treatment of pigs with ceftiofur and amoxicillin led to increased proportions of cephalosporin resistant E. coli during treatment but did not result in long-term resistance.
3) A wide range of cephalosporin resistance genes were found in resistant E. coli isolated from treated pigs, including CT
COMPARISON OF 3 PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR VACCINE MANUFACTURINGiQHub
This document evaluates different manufacturing technologies for producing recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA) vectors using the DF-1 chicken cell line. It discusses IDT Biologika's development sites in Dessau and Rockville that are approved for vaccine manufacturing. It also introduces the DF-1 cell line and four technology platforms (CEF, CellStak, fixed bed, microcarrier) that could be used for rMVA production. It provides process details and characterization results for rMVA production using the CellStak platform at small and larger scales. It also presents a proof of concept study comparing the Pall fixed bed and Univercells fixed bed technologies. The document demonstrates IDT Biologika's expertise in rMVA
Similar to Recent advances in African swine fever vaccine development at the International Livestock Research Institute (20)
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Preventing the next pandemic: a 12-slide primer on emerging zoonotic diseasesILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Preventing preventable diseases: a 12-slide primer on foodborne diseaseILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Preventing a post-antibiotic era: a 12-slide primer on antimicrobial resistanceILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
The Food Safety Working Group (FSWG) in Vietnam was created in 2015 at the request of the Deputy Prime Minister to address food safety issues in the country. It brings together government agencies, ministries, and development partners to facilitate joint policy dialogue and improve food safety. Over eight years of operations led by different organizations, the FSWG has contributed to various initiatives. However, it faces challenges of diminished government participation over time and dependence on active members. Going forward, it will strengthen its operations by integrating under Vietnam's One Health Partnership framework to better engage stakeholders and achieve policy impacts.
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Recent advances in African swine fever vaccine development at the International Livestock Research Institute
1. Better lives through livestock
Recent advances in African swine fever vaccine development at
the International Livestock Research Institute
Lucilla Steinaa
Principal Scientist
Animal and Human Health Program, ILRI
Global African Swine Fever Research Alliance (GARA)/International Alliance for Biological Standardization (IABS) webinar:
Current efforts in African swine fever vaccines
6 May 2021
2. 2
African swine fever in Africa
• All 24 genotypes are present in Africa.
• ASFV present in about 26 African
countries.
• There is a wildlife reservoir: warthogs and
bush pigs.
• Soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros are
involved in transmission of ASFV.
4. 4
Isolated virus
• Kenya 1033 (genotype IX) isolated by ILRI and
DVS Kenya.
• Genotype IX and X are especially circulation in
Eastern Africa.
• Isolated from a zone with outbreaks.
• Used as backbone for deletion of genes to
generate attenuated viruses.
• Used as the challenging virus in the animal
model
Gallardo C et al. A.J. Biotech 2011
Onzere C. et al. Virus Genes 2018
5. TOWARDS A LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE FOR AFRICAN SWINE FEVER
6. 6
CRISPR-Cas9 modification of African swine fever
Non Homologous End-
Joining Pathway
One gRNA approach in stable
Cas9 transfected WSL cell line
Indels detected by Genome
cleavage detection Kit, verified
by sequencing
Generated 1 mutant
Many in-frame-indels
Homology Directed
Recombination Pathway
gRNA + linearized donor DNA
(fluorochrome) in stable Cas9
transfected WSL cell line
Modification detected by
fluorescent foci.
Generated 7-10 mutants
7. 7
ASFV Kenya 1033 – Virus batch for challenge
• This virus is very similar to the other genotype IX and X viruses.
• Animal model was set up. Different doses were tested.
5 animal per group, intramuscular injection.
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
50
100
Survival - Groups
Day after challenge
Percent
survival
102
103
104
105
0 2 4 6 8
38
40
42
Body temperature - Groups
Day after challenge
Body
temperature
102
103
104
105
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
5
10
15
Clinical score - Groups
Day after challenge
Clinical
score
102
103
104
105
8. 8
Scoring system: King et al. 2011
Virus batch for challenge experiments
Virulence of WSL Adapted WT-virus
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
50
100
Days post infection
Probability
of
Survival
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
5
10
15
20
25
Days post infection
Clinical
score
Challenge with wild type virus.
Open circles: WSL cell line grown
virus , Solid squares: Macrophage
grown virus
• 102 TCID50 was chosen to test if the virus grown in
WSL cells was still lethal (20+ passages).
9. 9
First viruses to be tested
ASFV-1033_∆CD2v
ASFV-1033_∆CD2v∆A238L
CD2v
Immunomodulatory molecule promoting
apoptosis of lymphocytes.
A238L
Mimic NFκB subunit, inhibits NFκB activity, which
is crucial in the pro-inflammatory response.
13. 13
Survival plot
0 7 14 21
0
50
100
Survival proportions
DPC
Probability
of
Survival ASF1033_CD2v
ASF1033_CD2vA238L
PBS
14. 14
Remaining data
• Viremia, blood, nasal
• Autopsy, macroscopic pathology
• Immunological data, ELISpot and antibodies
15. 15
• Both viruses are attenuated but not sufficiently. All pigs
survived the immunization with 104 TCID50.
• ∆CD2v seemed to be more efficient than the double
knockout but less attenuated. 87.5% protection versus
50%.
• ∆A238L seems to add to the attenuation, but with a loss
in ability to protect.
• Possibility to do 2 injections with the double knock-out.
• Next step – to test other mutations
Conclusion
19. 19
• 217 gene pools in all
• 42 pools recognized in
all 3 screenings.
• 62 pools not recognized
Gene
pool
Recognition of overlapping peptides spanning the entire
proteome by PBMC
21. 21
PBMC
Best recognition
of single Ag:
17/22 animals
CD8 cells
Best
recognition of
single Ag:
6/22 animals
Single antigen recognition by number of animals
22. 22
• Ten genes from the
peptide screen were
selected
• Each of the 10 genes
produced in both
adenovirus (HuAd5) and
Modified Vaccinia virus
Ankara (MVA).
• Next, to test pools in the
animal model
Production of viral vectors with ASF genes
23. 23
ILRI
Hussein Abkallo
Hanneke Hemmink
Nicholas Svitek
Jeremiah Khayumba
Anna Lacasta
Elias Awino
Rosemary Saya
Bernard Odour
Emanuel Khazalwa
Lucilla Steinaa
Collaborators
Sanjay Vashee,
J. Craig Venter Institute
Walter Fuchs,
Friedrich Loeffler Institute
Acknowledgements
∆CD2 virus / WT-virus
Friedrich Loeffler Institute
Gunther Keil
Raquel Portugal
Sandra Blome
ILRI
Richard Bishop, now WSU
Edward Okoth