This document summarizes a study on Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains circulating in poultry fields in Egypt. Samples were collected from 48 flocks showing signs of Newcastle disease from 2014-2015. Viruses were isolated from samples and tested using hemagglutination inhibition and pathogenicity tests. Genetic characterization of isolates was done through RT-PCR and sequencing. A vaccination challenge experiment was conducted to evaluate protection of commercial vaccines against Egyptian NDV isolates. The aim was to study NDV epidemiology, characterize field isolates genetically and evaluate vaccine protection in local conditions.
This document provides an overview of Newcastle disease in birds. It begins with an introduction defining Newcastle disease as a viral infection caused by avian paramyxovirus 1. The document then covers the etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, and post mortem lesions of the disease. Key points include that the virus is shed in feces and respiratory secretions and transmitted through direct or indirect contact, and that clinical signs can include neurological issues while post mortem lesions are not specific.
Infectious Bronchitis in Chickens (laying Hens)Field Vet
More original pictures, http://fieldcasestudy.com/field-data-for-poultry-learning-and-presentations-materials/
Infectious Bronchitis, IB in chickens caused many clinical symptoms. Respiratory symptoms, decreased egg production, hens can not lay eggs, false layer, or death in very young chickens.
In these slides, is a case of Infectious Bronchitis in laying hens. This Poultry disease is caused by a virus IB QX variant. If this virus affecting chickens young age, it can cause the appearance of cystic oviduct which can be observed in adult chickens.
In young chickens, the visible symptoms are respiratory symptoms. Once the chicken grows up, it will look a chicken belly bulge, cystic oviduct, mostly chicken like this do not lay eggs, but there are unique, a little of the chicken can lay eggs,Why? visit fieldcasestudy.com
The document summarizes information about Newcastle disease virus (NDV), including that it is caused by a single-stranded RNA virus from the Avulavirus genus. NDV strains range from lentogenic to velogenic (strongest). The virus is transmitted through contact with feces or other excretions from infected birds and can spread through contaminated materials. Newcastle disease affects many domestic and wild avian species and while it poses little risk to humans, it can cause conjunctivitis or flu-like symptoms in those exposed. Clinical symptoms vary depending on virus strain, health, age and species but include respiratory and nervous signs.
Newcastle Disease is a contagious and fatal viral disease affecting many avian species, especially poultry. It poses a major threat to the poultry industry in Egypt. The virus has different strains and pathotypes causing variations in disease severity and symptoms, ranging from respiratory to neurological signs. Diagnosis involves virus isolation, molecular techniques, and serology. Prevention and control relies on biosecurity measures and vaccination strategies, using live attenuated or inactivated vaccines, with mass vaccination programs aiming to produce protective antibodies in as many birds as possible to control outbreaks.
Respiratory problems application of vaccinesFaisalakram75
This document discusses respiratory problems in poultry and the application of vaccines. It describes the respiratory system of chickens and lists various non-viral and viral respiratory diseases such as mycoplasmosis, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, and avian influenza. It provides details on the symptoms, transmission, and diagnosis of these diseases. It also discusses the types of vaccines available for bacterial diseases and mycoplasmosis, as well as viral diseases like Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis.
Newcastle Disease is caused by a paramyxovirus that infects the respiratory and intestinal tracts of chickens. It spreads to other organs via the bloodstream, causing infection of the lungs, intestines, and central nervous system. Clinical signs include respiratory symptoms, nervous signs, digestive issues, and sudden death. Gross lesions include hemorrhages in multiple organs, tracheitis, diphtheritic inflammation of the throat and esophagus, necrosis of lymphoid tissues, and congestion in organs like the liver and lungs. Histopathological examination reveals epithelial necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, neuronal degeneration, and lymphoid tissue destruction in affected organs.
This document provides an overview of Newcastle disease in birds. It begins with an introduction defining Newcastle disease as a viral infection caused by avian paramyxovirus 1. The document then covers the etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, and post mortem lesions of the disease. Key points include that the virus is shed in feces and respiratory secretions and transmitted through direct or indirect contact, and that clinical signs can include neurological issues while post mortem lesions are not specific.
Infectious Bronchitis in Chickens (laying Hens)Field Vet
More original pictures, http://fieldcasestudy.com/field-data-for-poultry-learning-and-presentations-materials/
Infectious Bronchitis, IB in chickens caused many clinical symptoms. Respiratory symptoms, decreased egg production, hens can not lay eggs, false layer, or death in very young chickens.
In these slides, is a case of Infectious Bronchitis in laying hens. This Poultry disease is caused by a virus IB QX variant. If this virus affecting chickens young age, it can cause the appearance of cystic oviduct which can be observed in adult chickens.
In young chickens, the visible symptoms are respiratory symptoms. Once the chicken grows up, it will look a chicken belly bulge, cystic oviduct, mostly chicken like this do not lay eggs, but there are unique, a little of the chicken can lay eggs,Why? visit fieldcasestudy.com
The document summarizes information about Newcastle disease virus (NDV), including that it is caused by a single-stranded RNA virus from the Avulavirus genus. NDV strains range from lentogenic to velogenic (strongest). The virus is transmitted through contact with feces or other excretions from infected birds and can spread through contaminated materials. Newcastle disease affects many domestic and wild avian species and while it poses little risk to humans, it can cause conjunctivitis or flu-like symptoms in those exposed. Clinical symptoms vary depending on virus strain, health, age and species but include respiratory and nervous signs.
Newcastle Disease is a contagious and fatal viral disease affecting many avian species, especially poultry. It poses a major threat to the poultry industry in Egypt. The virus has different strains and pathotypes causing variations in disease severity and symptoms, ranging from respiratory to neurological signs. Diagnosis involves virus isolation, molecular techniques, and serology. Prevention and control relies on biosecurity measures and vaccination strategies, using live attenuated or inactivated vaccines, with mass vaccination programs aiming to produce protective antibodies in as many birds as possible to control outbreaks.
Respiratory problems application of vaccinesFaisalakram75
This document discusses respiratory problems in poultry and the application of vaccines. It describes the respiratory system of chickens and lists various non-viral and viral respiratory diseases such as mycoplasmosis, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, and avian influenza. It provides details on the symptoms, transmission, and diagnosis of these diseases. It also discusses the types of vaccines available for bacterial diseases and mycoplasmosis, as well as viral diseases like Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis.
Newcastle Disease is caused by a paramyxovirus that infects the respiratory and intestinal tracts of chickens. It spreads to other organs via the bloodstream, causing infection of the lungs, intestines, and central nervous system. Clinical signs include respiratory symptoms, nervous signs, digestive issues, and sudden death. Gross lesions include hemorrhages in multiple organs, tracheitis, diphtheritic inflammation of the throat and esophagus, necrosis of lymphoid tissues, and congestion in organs like the liver and lungs. Histopathological examination reveals epithelial necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, neuronal degeneration, and lymphoid tissue destruction in affected organs.
Newcastle Disease is caused by a virus that affects many bird species and can cause severe economic losses, with clinical signs ranging from mild to severe depending on the strain, and it can be prevented through vaccination, biosecurity measures, and prompt reporting and control of outbreaks.
This document provides guidance on sampling and diagnosing various poultry respiratory diseases. It discusses the clinical signs, pathogens, and optimal samples for diagnosing diseases like avian influenza, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, and mycoplasmosis. The document includes charts detailing the organ systems affected by each disease and the preferred diagnostic methods, such as PCR, virus isolation, or serology. It aims to help practitioners differentiate between diseases with similar respiratory signs and choose the appropriate diagnostic tests.
Infectious Bronchitis is a highly contagious disease of chickens caused by a coronavirus that targets the respiratory and urogenital tracts. The virus is pleomorphic but mostly rounded, enveloped, and contains positive sense RNA. It is fragile and sensitive to heat and disinfectants. Clinical signs vary by age but include coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, and decreased egg production. Diagnosis can be made through virus isolation, serology tests, or PCR. Prevention relies on vaccination and biosecurity measures. The disease is widespread globally and many serotypes circulate in Pakistan, including Massachusetts, Arkansas, and D1466.
Infectious Bronchitis is a highly contagious viral disease affecting chickens worldwide. It causes respiratory disease and drops in egg production. The document outlines the etiology, transmission, economic impact, pathogenesis, clinical signs, post-mortem lesions, and diagnosis of the disease. Definitive diagnosis requires isolation or identification of the Infectious Bronchitis Virus through laboratory tests.
1) Infectious bronchitis virus causes respiratory disease in chickens, resulting in coughing, sneezing, and difficulty breathing within 24 hours of infection.
2) Young chicks may also experience eye and nasal discharge in addition to respiratory signs. Mortality is usually low but secondary bacterial infections can increase death rates.
3) In layers, egg production may drop by 50% and eggs may become soft-shelled and misshapen due to viral replication in the reproductive tract.
This document discusses infectious bursal disease (IBD) in chickens. It begins with an overview and plan of topics to be covered, including the history, etiology, types of infections (subclinical and clinical), and details on classic IBD and very virulent IBDV. The document outlines the virus that causes IBD, its target in the bursa of Fabricius, types of infections, clinical signs, lesions, and differences between classic and very virulent strains.
This document discusses infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus that causes a highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens. IBV infects the respiratory tract, kidneys, intestines, and reproductive organs of chickens. It is transmitted through the air, feces, and fomites. Clinical signs include respiratory signs like sneezing as well as decreased egg production and thin-shelled misshapen eggs. Gross lesions include caseous plugs in the bronchi and thickened bronchial mucosa. Microscopic lesions involve the tracheal, kidney, and oviduct tissues. Diagnosis involves observing clinical signs and lesions as well as virus isolation, immunodetection assays, and inoculation of embryonated
Newcastle disease is a highly contagious viral disease of birds caused by paramyxovirus-1. It is characterized by respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological signs. The virus can be transmitted through direct contact with feces or respiratory secretions of infected birds, or indirect contact with contaminated feed, water, equipment, or clothing. Clinical signs include drops in egg production, edema around the eyes, greenish diarrhea, and neurological signs like tremors, circling, and twisting of the head. Post-mortem lesions include edema of tissues, hemorrhages in the trachea and intestines, and necrosis of lymphoid tissues. Diagnosis is made through virus isolation, identification, and serological tests. Prevention
The document discusses respiratory viral infections in poultry, specifically Avian Influenza virus and Newcastle Disease virus.
It finds that bacterial co-infections like E. coli and MG complicate IB virus disease and increase mortality rates to 60-75%, causing economic losses. It identifies three circulating IB genotypes in Slemani, Iraq, and finds vaccines are ineffective against the dominant strains.
The document also provides details on the transmission, incubation period, clinical signs and gross lesions of Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease viruses. It emphasizes the importance of good vaccination program design, immune response factors, and Newcastle Disease vaccination protocols for controlling these important poultry pathogens.
Infectious bronchitis is an acute respiratory disease of chickens caused by a coronavirus. It was first identified in the US in 1931. Clinical signs include respiratory distress, coughing, sneezing, and decreased egg production. The virus spreads rapidly between chickens through respiratory droplets. While mortality is usually low, secondary infections can increase mortality in young chicks. Vaccines are used to help control the disease.
Fowl adenovirus: Using serology to control your flocksRafael Monleon
A presentation about Fowl Adenovirus in chickens. It provides insights on: etiology, pathology, monitoring and control among others.
Presented globally on September 9th 2014 via Watt Ag-Net Webinar by Dr. Rafael Monleon
Contact me in LinkedIn for any question: www.linkedin.com/rafaelmonleon
This document discusses different types of Newcastle disease vaccines. It introduces live vaccines which can replicate in the host, including apathogenic, lentogenic (conventional and cloned), and mesogenic strains. Inactivated vaccines use a killed virus while recombinant vaccines genetically engineer vaccines using parts of the ND virus genome. The advantages and disadvantages of each type are presented, focusing on vaccine reactions, administration methods, and level of protection provided.
Progressive Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in Pakistan FAO
The document discusses the progress of controlling foot-and-mouth disease in Pakistan. It provides statistics on livestock populations and production systems. It describes the surveillance model used for FMD, including sample collection, testing, and reporting of results. Data is presented on FMD virus serotypes detected from 2012-2013, their regional and monthly distribution. Research collaboration with Plum Island is described to better understand the epidemiology and phylogeny of FMDV strains in Pakistan. Vaccine matching studies using the trivalent vaccine used in Pakistan are also summarized.
Newcastle disease outbreak in region III by Dr E LapuzPerez Eric
This document provides information on Newcastle disease, a contagious viral disease affecting various bird species. It discusses the causative virus, Newcastle disease virus, including its structure, hosts, transmission, clinical signs, diagnosis and prevention. The key points are:
- Newcastle disease virus is an avian paramyxovirus that causes respiratory, digestive and neurological disease in birds. It can also infect humans.
- The virus is highly contagious and can spread through contact between infected and healthy birds, in their feces and through aerosols.
- Clinical signs vary depending on the virus strain but may include respiratory distress, diarrhea and neurological problems. Diagnosis involves virus isolation, PCR and serology.
Chicken anemia virus causes immunosuppression in chickens. It is transmitted vertically from breeders to progeny and horizontally between chickens. Clinical signs include depression, paleness, hemorrhages on the wings, and thymic atrophy. Post mortem lesions include blue discoloration of the skin from hemorrhages, especially on the wings, giving the disease its name "Blue Wing Disease". The virus impacts the poultry industry economically by reducing performance and increasing mortality from secondary infections due to immunosuppression.
This document discusses infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), a respiratory disease of cattle. IBR is caused by bovine herpesvirus 1, which can cause a range of clinical signs from respiratory disease to reproductive problems like abortion. The virus is widespread globally and easily transmitted between cattle by direct contact or respiratory/reproductive secretions. Control relies on vaccination programs, as the virus can establish latent infections and be periodically shed without signs of disease.
Viral diseases of aquatic birds. Dr Fares El-Khayatدكتور فارس الخياط
This document discusses several viral diseases that affect aquatic birds, including Duck Virus Hepatitis (DVH) and Duck Virus Enteritis (DVE). It provides information on the etiology, characteristics, transmission, clinical signs and lesions, diagnosis, and prevention/control methods for each disease. DVH is caused by one of three picornaviruses or an astrovirus and affects young ducklings, causing liver damage and hemorrhaging. DVE is caused by a herpesvirus and has a short course and high mortality in ducks, geese and swans. It can cause vascular and tissue damage as well as lesions in lymphoid organs. Both diseases are highly contagious and transmitted through direct
Differential Diagnosis, Coccidiosis & Severe Gumboro SymptomsField Vet
Differential Diagnosis, Coccidiosis & Severe Gumboro Symptoms.
Actually, Coccidiosis and Gumboro is a common disease affecting chickens at a young age and very easily distinguished and diagnosed. BUT, some of the conditions case we get something different, not as usual.
But,...Consider the slide carefully, what’s your conclusion, if you diagnose a disease does not perform a necropsy, just by looking at clinical symptoms or physical exams?
more description, visit
http://fieldcasestudy.com/differential-diagnosis-coccidiosis-gumboro/
Sensitivity and Specificity of an In-house Sandwich ELISA Kit for Newcastle D...Dr. Md. Ehsanul Haque
Of all serological tests enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is still considered the gold standard for the detection of antigens and antibodies of either macro or micro-organisms worldwide. The ELISA kits for serum antibody detection against many viruses and other micro-organisms of both man and animals are available in the market. Whereas, antigen detection ELISA kits for Newcastle disease virus
(NDV) is not yet available in Bangladesh. The Present study was designed for the development of an economically feasible In-house Sandwich ELISA and to test its sensitivity and specificity for the detection of NDV antigens from clinically suspected field samples. 96-well flat bottom polystyrene plates coated with hyperimmune polyclonal serum against NDV raised in rabbits was used to capture NDV
antigens. The anti-rabbit IgG and DAB with 30% H2O2 were used as conjugate and substrate respectively for standardization of the test method. The plate coated with serum diluted 10-3 was found suitable for capturing maximum antigen of NDV by the In-house Sandwich ELISA. The cut-off value of the present ELISA test was calculated as 0.855 and was able to capture the viral antigen present in the 10-4 fold
dilution of allantoic fluid (AF) which is equivalent to 1HA unit, indicating the highest degree of sensitivity of the newly developed ELISA. In case of field samples, the newly developed ELISA kit was able to detect 100% viral antigens of NDV present in the feces, 95.50% of the brain tissue and oro-nasal swab and 94.12% of colon swab samples of either naturally and experimentally infected birds in this study. The
ND virus specific polyclonal antibody used in the kit bind only with ND virus without any cross reactive antigens of other viruses of chicken like Avian influenza virus (AIV) and Infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDV). Therefore, findings of the present study clearly indicates that the newly developed In-house Sandwich ELISA kit can be used for rapid confirmatory diagnosis of Newcastle disease (ND) with minimum cost, using any kind of field samples from either sick or dead birds.
Paratuberculosis (PTB) remains one of the most obstacles limit animal breeding sector all over the world. The current study aimed to detect the etiology of PTB in tissues of clinically suspected small ruminants using histopathological and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. Clinical examination showed 10 (26.4%) PTB suspected cases out of the total (38) examined animals. The suspected cases were euthanized, necropsied, gross lesions were recorded and tissue samples were collected for histopathological and molecular procedures. Grossly intestinal and mesenteric lymph nodes thickening, corrugations and edematous swellings were recorded. Semi-thin sections of the intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes stained with toluidine blue demonstrated MAP organism inside epithelium cells and macrophages. RT-PCR detected MAP IS900 gene in all suspected cases (100%), thus we recommend using RT-PCR as a rapid sensitive method in the diagnosis of PTB.
Key-words: Paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium, Semi thin sections, Toluidine blue, IS900 gene
Newcastle Disease is caused by a virus that affects many bird species and can cause severe economic losses, with clinical signs ranging from mild to severe depending on the strain, and it can be prevented through vaccination, biosecurity measures, and prompt reporting and control of outbreaks.
This document provides guidance on sampling and diagnosing various poultry respiratory diseases. It discusses the clinical signs, pathogens, and optimal samples for diagnosing diseases like avian influenza, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, and mycoplasmosis. The document includes charts detailing the organ systems affected by each disease and the preferred diagnostic methods, such as PCR, virus isolation, or serology. It aims to help practitioners differentiate between diseases with similar respiratory signs and choose the appropriate diagnostic tests.
Infectious Bronchitis is a highly contagious disease of chickens caused by a coronavirus that targets the respiratory and urogenital tracts. The virus is pleomorphic but mostly rounded, enveloped, and contains positive sense RNA. It is fragile and sensitive to heat and disinfectants. Clinical signs vary by age but include coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, and decreased egg production. Diagnosis can be made through virus isolation, serology tests, or PCR. Prevention relies on vaccination and biosecurity measures. The disease is widespread globally and many serotypes circulate in Pakistan, including Massachusetts, Arkansas, and D1466.
Infectious Bronchitis is a highly contagious viral disease affecting chickens worldwide. It causes respiratory disease and drops in egg production. The document outlines the etiology, transmission, economic impact, pathogenesis, clinical signs, post-mortem lesions, and diagnosis of the disease. Definitive diagnosis requires isolation or identification of the Infectious Bronchitis Virus through laboratory tests.
1) Infectious bronchitis virus causes respiratory disease in chickens, resulting in coughing, sneezing, and difficulty breathing within 24 hours of infection.
2) Young chicks may also experience eye and nasal discharge in addition to respiratory signs. Mortality is usually low but secondary bacterial infections can increase death rates.
3) In layers, egg production may drop by 50% and eggs may become soft-shelled and misshapen due to viral replication in the reproductive tract.
This document discusses infectious bursal disease (IBD) in chickens. It begins with an overview and plan of topics to be covered, including the history, etiology, types of infections (subclinical and clinical), and details on classic IBD and very virulent IBDV. The document outlines the virus that causes IBD, its target in the bursa of Fabricius, types of infections, clinical signs, lesions, and differences between classic and very virulent strains.
This document discusses infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus that causes a highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens. IBV infects the respiratory tract, kidneys, intestines, and reproductive organs of chickens. It is transmitted through the air, feces, and fomites. Clinical signs include respiratory signs like sneezing as well as decreased egg production and thin-shelled misshapen eggs. Gross lesions include caseous plugs in the bronchi and thickened bronchial mucosa. Microscopic lesions involve the tracheal, kidney, and oviduct tissues. Diagnosis involves observing clinical signs and lesions as well as virus isolation, immunodetection assays, and inoculation of embryonated
Newcastle disease is a highly contagious viral disease of birds caused by paramyxovirus-1. It is characterized by respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological signs. The virus can be transmitted through direct contact with feces or respiratory secretions of infected birds, or indirect contact with contaminated feed, water, equipment, or clothing. Clinical signs include drops in egg production, edema around the eyes, greenish diarrhea, and neurological signs like tremors, circling, and twisting of the head. Post-mortem lesions include edema of tissues, hemorrhages in the trachea and intestines, and necrosis of lymphoid tissues. Diagnosis is made through virus isolation, identification, and serological tests. Prevention
The document discusses respiratory viral infections in poultry, specifically Avian Influenza virus and Newcastle Disease virus.
It finds that bacterial co-infections like E. coli and MG complicate IB virus disease and increase mortality rates to 60-75%, causing economic losses. It identifies three circulating IB genotypes in Slemani, Iraq, and finds vaccines are ineffective against the dominant strains.
The document also provides details on the transmission, incubation period, clinical signs and gross lesions of Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease viruses. It emphasizes the importance of good vaccination program design, immune response factors, and Newcastle Disease vaccination protocols for controlling these important poultry pathogens.
Infectious bronchitis is an acute respiratory disease of chickens caused by a coronavirus. It was first identified in the US in 1931. Clinical signs include respiratory distress, coughing, sneezing, and decreased egg production. The virus spreads rapidly between chickens through respiratory droplets. While mortality is usually low, secondary infections can increase mortality in young chicks. Vaccines are used to help control the disease.
Fowl adenovirus: Using serology to control your flocksRafael Monleon
A presentation about Fowl Adenovirus in chickens. It provides insights on: etiology, pathology, monitoring and control among others.
Presented globally on September 9th 2014 via Watt Ag-Net Webinar by Dr. Rafael Monleon
Contact me in LinkedIn for any question: www.linkedin.com/rafaelmonleon
This document discusses different types of Newcastle disease vaccines. It introduces live vaccines which can replicate in the host, including apathogenic, lentogenic (conventional and cloned), and mesogenic strains. Inactivated vaccines use a killed virus while recombinant vaccines genetically engineer vaccines using parts of the ND virus genome. The advantages and disadvantages of each type are presented, focusing on vaccine reactions, administration methods, and level of protection provided.
Progressive Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in Pakistan FAO
The document discusses the progress of controlling foot-and-mouth disease in Pakistan. It provides statistics on livestock populations and production systems. It describes the surveillance model used for FMD, including sample collection, testing, and reporting of results. Data is presented on FMD virus serotypes detected from 2012-2013, their regional and monthly distribution. Research collaboration with Plum Island is described to better understand the epidemiology and phylogeny of FMDV strains in Pakistan. Vaccine matching studies using the trivalent vaccine used in Pakistan are also summarized.
Newcastle disease outbreak in region III by Dr E LapuzPerez Eric
This document provides information on Newcastle disease, a contagious viral disease affecting various bird species. It discusses the causative virus, Newcastle disease virus, including its structure, hosts, transmission, clinical signs, diagnosis and prevention. The key points are:
- Newcastle disease virus is an avian paramyxovirus that causes respiratory, digestive and neurological disease in birds. It can also infect humans.
- The virus is highly contagious and can spread through contact between infected and healthy birds, in their feces and through aerosols.
- Clinical signs vary depending on the virus strain but may include respiratory distress, diarrhea and neurological problems. Diagnosis involves virus isolation, PCR and serology.
Chicken anemia virus causes immunosuppression in chickens. It is transmitted vertically from breeders to progeny and horizontally between chickens. Clinical signs include depression, paleness, hemorrhages on the wings, and thymic atrophy. Post mortem lesions include blue discoloration of the skin from hemorrhages, especially on the wings, giving the disease its name "Blue Wing Disease". The virus impacts the poultry industry economically by reducing performance and increasing mortality from secondary infections due to immunosuppression.
This document discusses infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), a respiratory disease of cattle. IBR is caused by bovine herpesvirus 1, which can cause a range of clinical signs from respiratory disease to reproductive problems like abortion. The virus is widespread globally and easily transmitted between cattle by direct contact or respiratory/reproductive secretions. Control relies on vaccination programs, as the virus can establish latent infections and be periodically shed without signs of disease.
Viral diseases of aquatic birds. Dr Fares El-Khayatدكتور فارس الخياط
This document discusses several viral diseases that affect aquatic birds, including Duck Virus Hepatitis (DVH) and Duck Virus Enteritis (DVE). It provides information on the etiology, characteristics, transmission, clinical signs and lesions, diagnosis, and prevention/control methods for each disease. DVH is caused by one of three picornaviruses or an astrovirus and affects young ducklings, causing liver damage and hemorrhaging. DVE is caused by a herpesvirus and has a short course and high mortality in ducks, geese and swans. It can cause vascular and tissue damage as well as lesions in lymphoid organs. Both diseases are highly contagious and transmitted through direct
Differential Diagnosis, Coccidiosis & Severe Gumboro SymptomsField Vet
Differential Diagnosis, Coccidiosis & Severe Gumboro Symptoms.
Actually, Coccidiosis and Gumboro is a common disease affecting chickens at a young age and very easily distinguished and diagnosed. BUT, some of the conditions case we get something different, not as usual.
But,...Consider the slide carefully, what’s your conclusion, if you diagnose a disease does not perform a necropsy, just by looking at clinical symptoms or physical exams?
more description, visit
http://fieldcasestudy.com/differential-diagnosis-coccidiosis-gumboro/
Sensitivity and Specificity of an In-house Sandwich ELISA Kit for Newcastle D...Dr. Md. Ehsanul Haque
Of all serological tests enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is still considered the gold standard for the detection of antigens and antibodies of either macro or micro-organisms worldwide. The ELISA kits for serum antibody detection against many viruses and other micro-organisms of both man and animals are available in the market. Whereas, antigen detection ELISA kits for Newcastle disease virus
(NDV) is not yet available in Bangladesh. The Present study was designed for the development of an economically feasible In-house Sandwich ELISA and to test its sensitivity and specificity for the detection of NDV antigens from clinically suspected field samples. 96-well flat bottom polystyrene plates coated with hyperimmune polyclonal serum against NDV raised in rabbits was used to capture NDV
antigens. The anti-rabbit IgG and DAB with 30% H2O2 were used as conjugate and substrate respectively for standardization of the test method. The plate coated with serum diluted 10-3 was found suitable for capturing maximum antigen of NDV by the In-house Sandwich ELISA. The cut-off value of the present ELISA test was calculated as 0.855 and was able to capture the viral antigen present in the 10-4 fold
dilution of allantoic fluid (AF) which is equivalent to 1HA unit, indicating the highest degree of sensitivity of the newly developed ELISA. In case of field samples, the newly developed ELISA kit was able to detect 100% viral antigens of NDV present in the feces, 95.50% of the brain tissue and oro-nasal swab and 94.12% of colon swab samples of either naturally and experimentally infected birds in this study. The
ND virus specific polyclonal antibody used in the kit bind only with ND virus without any cross reactive antigens of other viruses of chicken like Avian influenza virus (AIV) and Infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDV). Therefore, findings of the present study clearly indicates that the newly developed In-house Sandwich ELISA kit can be used for rapid confirmatory diagnosis of Newcastle disease (ND) with minimum cost, using any kind of field samples from either sick or dead birds.
Paratuberculosis (PTB) remains one of the most obstacles limit animal breeding sector all over the world. The current study aimed to detect the etiology of PTB in tissues of clinically suspected small ruminants using histopathological and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. Clinical examination showed 10 (26.4%) PTB suspected cases out of the total (38) examined animals. The suspected cases were euthanized, necropsied, gross lesions were recorded and tissue samples were collected for histopathological and molecular procedures. Grossly intestinal and mesenteric lymph nodes thickening, corrugations and edematous swellings were recorded. Semi-thin sections of the intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes stained with toluidine blue demonstrated MAP organism inside epithelium cells and macrophages. RT-PCR detected MAP IS900 gene in all suspected cases (100%), thus we recommend using RT-PCR as a rapid sensitive method in the diagnosis of PTB.
Key-words: Paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium, Semi thin sections, Toluidine blue, IS900 gene
This document summarizes a study on the isolation and molecular characterization of human adenovirus. The study found that out of 83 samples collected from eye secretions, 69 (83.13%) tested positive for human adenovirus using rapid tests and PCR. The highest rate of infection was found in individuals aged 16-30 years old (55.04%) and males had a higher rate of infection than females. Human adenovirus was successfully isolated by inoculating samples on chicken embryo fibroblast cell cultures and embryonated eggs, where cytopathic effects were observed. Molecular characterization was also conducted to identify the adenovirus strains present.
This document summarizes a study that compared the efficacy of an autogenous Salmonella Enteritidis bacterin and a probiotic preparation in preventing S. Enteritidis infection in broiler chickens. Three hundred one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into four groups: a non-infected control group, an infected non-treated group, a group vaccinated with the autogenous bacterin and challenged, and a group treated with probiotic and challenged. Parameters measured included clinical signs, mortality, lesions, shedding of S. Enteritidis, and antibody titers. The results showed that both the bacterin and probiotic significantly reduced signs, mortality, shedding and increased antibody titers compared to the infected non
Global germplasm collections: sure benefits without seedborne diseasesCIAT
1) The CIAT germplasm bank holds over 67,000 bean accessions, 33 cassava accessions, and over 23,000 tropical forage accessions, which are distributed internationally to benefit food security.
2) CIAT works with ICA to ensure germplasm exports are free of quarantine pests through disease testing and indexing. Research is conducted to improve health, such as managing ergot disease in Brachiaria.
3) Molecular diagnostic methods have been standardized to detect viruses in cassava, allowing detection of multiple viruses from one sample and improving over use of indicator plants. This benefits distribution of virus-free material.
This document discusses the development of two diagnostic tools (ELISA and lateral flow device) for the detection of antibodies against ovine and bovine theileriosis. It provides background information on the genus Theileria, which are tick-transmitted protozoan parasites that infect ruminants. It reviews the taxonomy, life cycle, clinical signs, and pathogenic species of Theileria that infect small ruminants. Existing methods for diagnosis of ovine and bovine theileriosis are described. The objectives of this study are to develop a recombinant protein ELISA for detection of T. uilenbergi infection and a lateral flow device for rapid detection of T. annulata infection under field conditions.
Safia Bibi completed an internship at the Foot and Mouth Disease Research Centre (FMD) and Veterinary Research Institute (VRI) in Lahore, Pakistan. During her internship, she observed the production of various animal vaccines including foot and mouth disease vaccine at FMD and poultry vaccines, hemorrhagic septicemia vaccine, and PPR vaccine at VRI. She gained experience in different sections like media preparation, cell culture, virus culture, vaccine formulation, and quality control testing. The internship provided Safia with valuable hands-on learning and insight into vaccine production processes.
The document introduces Hai Kang Life Corporation and its novel EFADchip technology for rapid point-of-care disease diagnosis. Some key points:
- Hai Kang Life is developing an electric field-assisted diagnostic chip (EFADchip) using nanotechnology for quick, affordable detection of infectious diseases and biomarkers.
- The EFADchip aims to revolutionize point-of-care applications by providing multiplex testing on a single low-cost, reusable cartridge without the need for fluorescence or sample tagging.
- Potential applications include screening for health threats like influenza, HIV, cancer markers; environmental monitoring of bacteria; and food/veterinary testing.
- Hai Kang Life's goal is
1. The study developed a PCR amplification assay to rapidly screen bulk milk samples from dairy herds to identify those infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV).
2. Milk samples were collected from cows, somatic cells were purified, and viral RNA was extracted. Primers targeting the 5' untranslated region and p80 region of BVDV were used in PCR.
3. BVDV RNA was detected in milk from an acutely infected cow and two persistently infected cows. The assay could detect BVDV diluted up to 1:640 in milk and was more sensitive than virus isolation.
Johne's disease (JD) or Paratuberculosis (PTB) has gained a great attention by many industrial countries for its severing economic losses and possibly zoonotic concerns. In the current study conventional clinical and direct microscopic examination compared to real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to diagnose JD in clinically suspected small ruminants. Clinical examination revealed 130 (8.7%) suspected cases that showed history of emaciation and diarrhea out of the total examined (1500) animals. Direct microscopy of Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stained smears (130) revealed 62 (47.7%) acid fast bacteria resembled Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). RT-PCR insertion sequence gene (IS900) detected MAP in 25 (65.8%) out of 38 fecal samples harbored acid fast bacilli. We concluded and recommended that RT-PCR considers the most rapid confirmatory method for screening and diagnosis of the MAP in comparison to low specific conventional phenotypic methods, which still remained valuable techniques in the diagnosis of JD in developing countries.
Key-words: Johne's disease, Paratuberculosis, Acid fast bacteria, Ziehl-Neelsen stain, IS900 gene
Presentation 18: Problems other than AHPND in EMS ponds, including the micros...ExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/28b6bd62-5433-4fad-b5a1-8ac61eb671b1/
International Technical Seminar/Workshops on Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)
1) The study examined the impacts of pesticides used in corn fields in Quebec on honeybee colonies. Experiments showed higher honeybee mortality and weaker hives in fields with moderate-to-high pesticide usage compared to low usage or control fields.
2) Laboratory analysis found that honeybees exposed to pesticides had increased levels of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, indicating exposure. Biomarkers are being developed to better evaluate pesticide impacts on honeybee health.
3) Ongoing work includes measuring vitamin A and immune system enzymes in honeybees to study how pesticides may weaken immunity and facilitate viral infections.
MS was detected in chicken flocks in Egypt during 2013 using PCR. MS infected 3 layer flocks out of 16 tested (18.75%) suffering from dropped egg production and respiratory signs. 4 broiler flocks out of 26 (15.38%) showed respiratory signs and 5-10% mortality. Sequencing revealed the Egyptian strains were genetically similar to Japanese, Armenian and Brazilian strains but not Middle Eastern strains. PCR is a useful method for rapid detection of MS infection. MS may play a role in respiratory disease in broilers and dropped egg production in layers in Egypt.
Prevention and control of Mycoplasma sinoviae without vaccinationRafael Monleon
A presentation covering basic aspects regarding the prevention and control of Mycoplasma sinoviae (a poultry pathogen) without the use of vaccination.
Presented at the 2014 Biochek Seminar in Taiwan by Dr. Rafael Monleon
Contact me in LinkedIn for any question: www.linkedin.com/rafaelmonleon
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IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
This document describes the development of a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-based vaccine that expresses the hemagglutinin (HA) gene from an H5N1 avian influenza virus. The HA gene from A/Bar-headed goose/Qinghai/3/2005 (H5N1) was inserted into the NDV LaSota vaccine strain genome. Chickens immunized with the recombinant NDV vaccine produced antibodies against both NDV and the H5 avian influenza virus and were completely protected from challenge with lethal doses of homologous and heterologous H5N1 viruses. The recombinant NDV vaccine may be useful for controlling H5N1 infections in poultry and reducing transmission to
The document discusses research on the effects of gut bacteria on the development and fitness of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis. The research investigated supplementing diets of B. dorsalis with different bacterial isolates to see effects on development time, survival rates, and weight [1]. Results showed that diets supplemented with Enterococcus phoeniculicola and Citrobacter freundii reduced development time and increased survival rates and weight compared to controls [2]. A second study evaluated supplementing diets of sterile male B. dorsalis with E. phoeniculicola and C. freundii and found it improved their mating competitiveness and reduced female remating rates compared to controls [3].
Emerging diseases of sheep and goat with reference to Blue Tongueshaikh Salahuddinshkh
This document discusses blue tongue, an emerging viral disease affecting sheep and goats. It is transmitted by biting midges and causes fever, facial swelling, and lesions in the mouth. There are 24 serotypes identified in India. Diagnosis involves virus isolation, serology, antigen detection and PCR. Treatment is supportive and control relies on vector control, quarantine, vaccination and notification of authorities. Vaccines developed in India target the most common 5 serotypes. Blue tongue is difficult to eradicate due to the many serotypes and abundant vector populations in India.
phage therapy is the use of bacteriophages to kill pathogenic bacterial cells. Bacteriophages are bacterial parasites that invade bacterial cells and engulf them like blue whale fish kills euphausiids and copepodsand in sea .
Background and study aim: During last two decades, there has been a world-wide trend in increasing occurrence of enterococcal infections in the hospitals. The aim of present study was to determine the spectrum of enterococcal infections, species prevalence, antimicrobial and characteristics of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in a tertiary care hospital, Eastern India.
Patients and Methods: Between January 2013 and July 2014, 152 Enterococcus species were obtained from clinical samples. Enterococci were identified using standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion according to Clinical resistance
& Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.VRE agar base was used to screen VRE isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of VRE isolates were determined using Epsilometer-test. VRE isolates were also examined by PCR to detect vanA gene.
Results: From 1602 clinical samples, 961 (60%) were culture positive and 152 (15.8%) enterococcal isolates were obtained. Most common species isolated was E. faecalis (63.8%) followed by E. faecium (35.5%). Majority of enterococcal infections were detected from ICUs and surgical wards and clinically presented as UTIs. Disk diffusion method showed 67.1% were resistant to penicillin, 61.2% ampicillin, 58.5% ciprofloxacin, 46.7% high-level gentamicin, 42. 8% high-level streptomycin, 7.9% teicoplanin and none to linezolid. Twenty (13.2%) enterococcal isolates were vancomycin resistant in VRE screen and disk diffusion method. Epsilometer-test of VRE isolates showed 8 (40%) isolates were resistant and 9 (45%) were intermediately resistant. From 20 VRE isolates, six showed VanA and two VanB phenotypes and all six VanA phenotypes had vanA gene cluster.
Conclusion: More accurate and reliable MIC determination tests should be performed in all suspected VRE isolates. Confirmatory PCR is required for identifying resistant gene cluster.
Key words: Enterococci, E. faecalis, E. faecium, VRE, vanA gene
Similar to Newcastle Disease 2016 Mohamed Nabeh (20)
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
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Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
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Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
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Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
4. Surveillance Studies on Newcastle Disease Virus
strains circulating in The Poultry Field in Egypt
مرض فيروس عترات عن إستقصائية دراسات
مصر فى الدوجن مزارع فى النيوكاسيل
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
5. Supervision committee:
Prof. Dr. Hatem Salah Abd El –Hamid
Prof. of Poultry Diseases
Faculty of veterinary medicine
Damanhur University
Former Rector of Damanhur University
Prof. Dr. Hany Fawzy El Lakany
Prof. of Poultry Diseases
Dean Faculty of veterinary medicine
Damanhur University
Prof. Dr. Soad Abd El Aziz Abd El Wanis
Chief Researcher of poultry Diseases
National Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production.
Animal Health Researche Institute
Dr. Sherif Minshawy Nasr
Lecturer of Genetics
Fac. Vet. Med., Damanhur University.
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
7. Newcastle Disease
ND is a fatal and contagious disease of many
avian species predominantly the poultry sector
that creates a constant threat to the poultry
industry in the Egypt.
The disease is complicated due to different
pathotypes and strains of the virus that induce
variation in the severity of disease
characterized by fatal respiratory and
neurological pathogenesis
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
8. The NDV
Serotypes: 1
APMV-1
• Genetic analysis classify
NDV to
• Class I
a virulent strains
• Class II
both virulent and a virulent
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
9. Molecular structure of NDV
Main Structure genome of NDV
contains six genes
that code for the six
major structural
proteins
Genome sequence of
NDV are (15,186-
15,198 nt long)
•NDV is an enveloped,
single stranded non-
segmented, negative sense
RNA virus with helical
capsid symmetry
F M LNP P HN
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
10. The OIE definition for reporting an
outbreak of ND is:
Criteria for virulence
The virus has (ICPI) in day-old chicks (Gallus gallus) of 0.7 or greater.
Multiple basic amino acids have been demonstrated in the virus (either directly
or by deduction) at the C-terminus of the F2 protein and phenylalanine at
residue 117, which is the N-terminus of the F1 protein.three arginine or lysine
residues between residues 113 and 116. (OIE .,2012).
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
11. Snoeck et al. (2013)
NDV genotypes (I- XVIII)
Class II
Genotype I
Genotype II
Genotype
III
Genotype IV
Genotype V
Genotype VI
Genotype VII
VII a
VII b
VII g
VII B
VII f
VII c
VII d
VII e
Genotype VIII
Genotype IX
Genotype X
Genotype XI
Genotype XII
GENOTYPE XIII
Genotype IVX
Genotype XV
Genotype XVI
Genotype XVII
Genotype XVIII
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
12. NDV World Panazootics
Genotype
II,III,IV……
……. 1st
panazootic
(started in
southeast Asia
in the mid-
1920)
Genotype V
………………
……..2nd
panazootic
(started in the
Middle East
in the late
1960s and to
have spread
to most
countries by
the early
1970)
Genotype
VI……………
.ppmv-3rd
panazootic (
in the Middle
East in the
late 1970,
spread to
Europe in the
1980),
Genotype VII
and VIII
……. 4th
panazootic
(since the
early 1990s to
current date
in Asia,
Europe and
Africa
including
Egypt )
Genotype
VII(a-h) new
sub-genotypes
of vNDV
suggests that
a new, fifth,
panazootic of
NDV already
originated in
Southeast
Asia,
extended to
the Middle
East, and was
entering into
Eastern
Europe.
(Miller et al.,
2015)
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
13. Recent studies demonstrated that NDV of
genotype VIId had high level of virus
replication and cause intense innate
immune response lead to severe pathology
in the lymphoid tissues, severlymphocytic
depletion and necrosis of the spleen and
thymus compared with virulent viruses of
other genotypes
(Hu et al.,2015).
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
14. History OF NDV IN Egypt
disease
recorde
d in
Egypt
for the
first
time in
year
1942
(Daubn
ey and
Mancy,
1948).
El-
Nassari,
1957;
Eissa,.
1960
pigeon
(Ahmed
and
Reda,
1967),
Lancast
er and
Alexand
er,
.1975
(veloge
nic
NDV)
Khafagy
, 1983;
Amal
Eid,
1984;
and
Bakhit
and
Abd El-
Hamid,
1990)
Hassan
et al.,
2004).
(Abdel
monei
m et
al.,
2006;
Amer et
al.,
2006).
Mahmo
ud et
al.
(2006)
Ramzy
et al.
(2009)
Moham
ed et al.
(2009)
Saad et
al.
(2010)
Moham
ed et al.
(2011)
Radwan
et al.,
2013)
Hussien
et al.
(2014)
Ismail
et al.
(2014)
Shalaby
et al.
(2014)
Mostaf
a et al .
( 2014)
Awad
et al.
(2015)
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
15. Aim of The Thesis
1- Studying the epidemiology of NDV in
Gharbia, El Behera, Dakahlia and Kafer
EL Shiekh Governorates
2- Genetic characterization and evaluation
of the pathogenicity of NDV field isolates
3- Evaluation of protection afforded by
selected commercial vaccines used in the
poultry field
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
17. During outbreak between
(January 2014 –December 2015)
Mortality
rate
samplesFlocks
Types
ProvincesNo
of Flocks
Varies
between
(5%-85%)
(Tissue pool)
trachea,liver
,Spleen, lungs
Cecal tonsiles,
Proventriculus
Brain - only( birds
with nervous signs)
Broiler
Layers
Broiler
breeders
1. Gharbia
2. El Beherah
3. Kafer
ElShiek
4. Dakahlia
48
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
18. History of examined Chicken flocks
sample No Province Type of bird Age Flock
capacity
Daily Mortality
during the
disease course
Total
Mortality
%
1 Kafer el shiekh Saso Broiler 39 day 2000 20,25,34 15%
2 Gharbia Broiler 28 day 5000 28,35,40, 17%
3 Gharbia Broiler 35 day 4200 40,22,35 21%
4 Gharbia Broiler 27 day 5600 35,35,40, 18%
5 Gharbia Broiler 30 day Not recorded Not recorded
6 Gharbia Broiler 28 day 10000 50,70,65 15%
7 Gharbia Broiler 26 day Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded
8 Gharbia Broiler 30day 5000 35,25,40 16%
9 Gharbia Broiler 32 day 6000 40,55,50 17%
10 Gharbia Broiler 26 day 5600 40,65,70 30%
11 Gharbia Balady 33 day 3000 23,20,15 23%
12 Gharbia Balady 50 day 4500 20,17,17 15%
13 Gharbia Saso Broiler 35 day 6000 20,33,25 13%
14 Gharbia Broiler 32 day Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded
15 Gharbia Broiler 28 day 10000 40,45,60 18%
16 Gharbia Broiler 33 day 5000 25,35,40 16%
17 Kafer elshiekh Layers pullets 40 day 30,000 25,30,70,100 5%
18 El Behera Broiler 28 days 10000 200/200/400 60%
19 Gharbia Broiler 27 day Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded
20 Gharbia Broiler 33 day 2500 15,35,35 17%
21 Gharbia Broiler 26 day 5000 20,35,25 13%
22 Gharbia Balady 46 day 3600 33,40,24 11%
23 Gharbia Balady 50 day 4800 22,28,35 13%
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
19. 24 Gharbia Broiler 33 day 9000 70,85,120 25%
25 Gharbia Broiler 27 day 5000 50,55,70 21%
26 Gharbia Broiler 26 day 5000 120,200,300,250,270,18
0
55%
27 Gharbia Broiler 30 day 3000 50,70,60,50 25%
28 El Behera Broiler 28 day 3500 55,50,70 ,100 60%
29 Gharbia Broiler 31 day 11000 100,120,90,65,100 30%
30 Gharbia Broiler 27 5000 40,20,55,35 20%
31 Gharbia Broiler 30 day 4500 22,50,65,70,100 40%
32 Gharbia Broiler 27 day 7500 30,34,60,55 22%
33 Gharbia Broiler 32 day 9000 150,180,200 45%
34 El Behera Broiler 28 day 2500 40,55,60,70 37%
35 El Behera Broiler 30 day 5000 55,70,90,85 31%
36 Gharbia Broiler 33 day 6000 26,40,33, 17%
37 Gharbia Broiler 27 day 9800 100,200,150 43%
38 Gharbia Broiler 31 day 4500 25,27,35 18%
39 Kafer el shiekh Broiler 26 day 3600 20,35,40 20%
40 Gharbia Broiler 35 day 3000 40,35,50 15%
41 Gharbia Broiler 28 day 5000 50,70, 27%
42 Gharbia Broiler 26 day 10000 50,80,75,68 23%
43 Gharbia Saso Broiler 29 day 4500 16,25,40, 17%
44 Gharbia Balady 40 day 5000 33,45 22%
45 Dakahlia Saso broiler 44 day 17000 1500,1700,1800 85%
46 Gharbia breeders
pullets
60 day 15000 No no
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
20. Materials used for samples
collections and processing according
to (OIE, 2012).
Isolation in ECE ( 9-11 ) days age.
Virus was isolated according to the
protocol of OIE and European
standard (OIE, 2012).
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
21. Identification of NDV (HA and HI tests):
(Rapid HA Test) was performed according to
(Terregino and Capua, 2009).
HA test in Microtitre Plates (Micro HA Test ) carried
out according to (Terregino and Capua, 2009).
Micro HI Test (α technique) constant-serum diluted-
antigen (Thayer and Beard, 2008) .
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
23. Polymerase Chain Reaction (one stepRT-
PCR) (conventional RT-PCR)
Thermo Scientific Gene JET Genomic RNA Purification Kit:
primers
Name Sequence (5′ - 3′ ) Annealing
temperatur
e
Amblicon
size
Reference
NDV F. 5′-TGGAGCCAAACCGCGCACCTGCGG-
3′) 55 co
766 bp
(Mase et al.,
2002).
R. 5'-GAGGATGTTGGCAGCAT-3′)
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
24. Material used for gene analysis
Sequencing the
purified PCR
product
• Using QIAquick
PCR Product
extraction kit.
(Qiagen Inc.
Valencia CA).
• Big dye Terminator
V3.1 cycle
sequencing kit.
• Applied
Biosystems 3130
genetic analyzer
(Hitachi, Japan).
Phylogenetic
analysis
The program
MEGA 6 using
the neighbor-
joining method.
BLAST on
NCBI Bioedite
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
25. Experiment
Evaluation of the protection of commercial live and
inactivated vaccines of NDV against an Egyptian very
virulent Newcastle Disease Virus isolates EG18/2015, EG
35/2014
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
26. Material used for experimental challenge:
Chickens : 265 commercial
broiler chicks
The viruses :
NDV/CH/ EG18/2015 strain,
NDV EG35 /2014strain with
titer ( EID50 106 /0.2 ml).
Reed and Muench, (1938).
Vaccines
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
27. Commercial vaccine name Strain Company Batch number
IZOVAC ND
(INACTIVATED)
La Sota IZO S.U.R.L 07741
HIPRAVIAR BI Strain HIPRA 68BJ-8
ND LASOTA La Sota MSD 14603CJ01
VECTOREMUNE® HVT
NDV
Newcastle Disease
Vaccine &Serotype 3
Live Mareks
BIOMUNE C0
Ceva Sante Animal
372-694
CEVA®VITAPEST L PHY LMV 42 ceva Sante Animal 1306C3S2C
AVINEW® VG/GA Strain Merial L419491
VOLVAC®ND LASOTA
MLV
La Sota BORENHIGHER 1409057A
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
28. The Expiremental Desigen
Groups Type of the
vaccine program
Day of
vaccination
Route
of
vaccination
Numbers of broiler chickens in groups
Vaccinated and challenged
group with isolate
EG18/2015*
Vaccinated and
challenged group with
isolate
EG 35/2014*
Vaccinatednon
challenged
A Vectoimmune ND
Hitchiner BI
LaSota
1 day
4 day
12 day
SC
O
ED
15 15 15
B Hitchiner BI
Vitapest
4 day
18day
O
ED
15 15 15
C Hitchiner BI
Avinew
4 day
18 day
O
ED
15 15 15
D Hitchiner BI
LaSota
4 day
18 day
O
ED
15 15 15
E Hitchiner BI
IZOVAC ND
(inactivated)
4 day
7 day
O
SC
15 15 15
F Non vaccinated
infected
- - 10 10 -
G Non vaccinated
Non infected
- - 10 10 -
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
30. Total
Mortality
rate
Total
Number
of flocks
Type of bird No of
flocks
Age by
days
Province
5-15%
10
broiler 4 26-35 Gharbia
Balady 2 46-50 Gharbia
Breeder pullets 1 38 Dakahlia
Broiler saso 2 39 Kafer El
Shiekh
Layer pullets 1 40 Kafer El
Shiekh
16-30%
24
Broiler
Saso
1 29 Gharbia
balady 2 33-40 Gharbia
broiler 21 26-33 Gharbia
31-60% 8
broiler 3 28-30 El Behera
broiler 5 26-32 Gharbia
61-85% 1 Broiler Saso 1 44 Dakahlia
Not
recorded
5 broiler 5 27-32 Gharbia
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
32. Ulceration in intestine Hemorrhage on cecal tonsil
Hemorrhagic Tracheaitis Hemorrhage on gland tips of Proventriculus
Gross Lesion of samples
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
34. Province No of
samples
No of positive samples in Rapid HA test
No percent
Gharbia 38 14 (36.84%)
El Behera 4 4 (100%)
Kafer ElShiekh 3 1 (33.3%)
Dakahlia 3 2 (66.7%)
Total 48 21 (43.75%)
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
35. Identification by one step RT-PCR
• The results of RT- PCR which were carried out to all RNA extracted from HA positive infectious allantoic fluids
samples to detect the positive samples of NDV and detect infection with AIV H9 , AIV H5 and mixed infection.
Sample number RT- PCR for NDV RT- PCR for AIV H5 RT- PCR for AIV H9
10 -ve -ve -
27 -ve -ve -
31 +ve -ve -ve
11 -ve -ve -
24 +ve -ve -ve
17 -ve -ve -
26 +ve -ve -ve
34 -ve -ve + ve
32 -ve -ve -
28 -ve +ve -
35 +ve -ve -ve
33 -ve -ve -
25 -ve +ve -ve
37 -ve -ve -
40 -ve -ve -
42 -ve -ve -
44 -ve -ve -
18 +ve -ve -ve
45 -ve +ve -
46 -ve -ve -
48 +ve -ve -ve
Total
Total
21 sample
6 3 1
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
36. L 10 11 31 17 24 25 2 6 37 2 7 28 35 34 33
766 bp
Fig. (3) Gel electrophoresis of 766 bp fragment from matrix and fusion gene o
NDV isolates in 1.5% agarose gel
L 18 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
37. Sample
No
ICPI value Virulence to Chicken
( Seal et al., 2000)
MDT
by hours
NDV Pathotype
18 1.89 Virulent 48 hr Velogenic
35 1.1 Virulent 48 hr Velogenic
26 0.9 Virulent 60 hr Velogenic
24 0.38 Avirulant 96 hr lentogenic
The ICPI values , MDT and pathotypes
of the 4 examined samples
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
38. GeneBank data of NDV isolates used in comparative analysis with the 4 Egyptian NDV
isolates in this study.
Strain Country Abbreviation Host
Accession
Number
Genotype
Lasota Lasota Chicken AF077761 II
Hitchiner USA HITCHINER BI Chicken JN872151 II
Avinew VG/GA USA VG/GA Chicken EU289028 II
VECTORIMMUNE HVT ND D26/76 Chicken M24692 I
VITAPEST PHY-LMV42 Chicken DQ097394 I
CLONE 30 Chicken Y18898 II
NDV/Chicken/2/2006 Egypt 93/EG/06 Chicken FJ969393 II
NDV/Chicken/ 3/2006 Egypt 94/EG/06 Chicken FJ969394 II
NDV/Chicken/4/2006, Egypt 95/EG/06 Chicken FJ969395 II
NDV/chicken/VRLCU138/
/2012
Egypt 68/EG/12 Chicken JX885868 VIId
NDV//CH/ SDWF07/2011 CHINA Chicken
JQ015295/KF93
5230
VIId
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
39. The nucleotides sequences of 4 NDV isolates were submitted to BLAST
on NCBI
NDV/EG/CH/18/2015 with identity 95 % with Newcastle disease
virus strain Chicken/China/SDWF07/2011
NDV/EG/CH/35/2014 with identity 91 %
NDV/EG/CH/24/2014 with identity 90 %
NDV/EG/CH/26/2014 with identity 90 %
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
40. Deduced amino acid sequences of the isolated NDV strains in
comparison to commonly used vaccine strains and reference isolates
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
41. Amino acid identity of 4 NDV isolates with NDV strains and NDV
vaccines
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
42. Phylogenetic tree for the 4 NDV isolates and related NDV strains based on the fusion
protein amino acids sequences.
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
46. Molecular characterization of the sequenced
isolates of NDV
Serial
Number
Abbreviation Genotype Host Virulenc
e
Cleavage site of
F protein
112RRQKR116F117
Gene
Bank
Accession
No
18 NDV/EG/CH/18 /2015 VII d Chicken virulent RRQKRF Ku377781
26 NDV/EG/CH/26/2014 VII d Chicken virulent RRQKRF Ku377783
35 NDV/EG/CH/35/2014 VII d Chicken virulent RRQKRF Ku377784
24 NDV/EG/CH/24/2014 VII d Chicken virulent RRQKRF Ku377782
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
50. Gross lesion in internal organs of non vaccinated group after infection by NDV
strain EG/18/2015
Sever hemorrhages on tips of proventriculus glands and greenish contents
of gizzard Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
51. 1. Hemorrhages of intestinal cell wall intestinal ulceration
(button shaper of payer's patches ) in mucosa of small
intestine.
2.Intestinal ulceration and sever boudenal ulceration
(button shape of payer's patches ) in mucosa of small
intestine.
3. Ulceration in mucosa of small intestine ( elliptical
ulceration).
1 2
3
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
52. Petechial hemorrhage in the spleen
Sever congestion in trachea Sever hemorrhage of cecal tonsils
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
53. Protection Percent in Challenged Groups
Groups Vaccines Protection rate
NDV/EG/18/2015 NDV/EG/35/20
14
A Vectorimmune ND
Hitchner B1
LaSota
53.4% 100%
B Hitchner B1
Vitapest
60% 100%
C Hitchner B1
Avinew
60% 93.4%
D Hitchner B1
LaSota
93.4% 100%
E Hitchner B1
Inactivated ND IZA
100% 100%
F Non vaccinated infected 00% 00%
G Non vaccinated non infected 100% 100%
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
54. The protection percent in chicken groups infected by
NDV strain EG/18/2015 and NDV strain EG/35/2014
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
56. Results of HI titer by log 2 of serum samples collected from
non-infected groups during experiment after vaccination in
different ages
GROUPS A
Log 2
B
Log 2
C
Log 2
D
Log 2
E
Log 2
F
Log 2
G
Log 2DAYS
14 5 4.6 4.6 4.6 7 4.5 4.5
21 8.5 4.3 7.3 8.6 5.3 2.6 2.6
28 6.5 5.3 6 4.6 4 1 1
35 6 5 7.5 5 4.5 0.6 1
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
58. HI titer of vaccinated groups before and 7 days
post infection with NDV strain EG 18/2015 .
GROUPS A
Log 2
B
Log 2
C
Log 2
D
Log 2
E
Log 2
F
Log 2
G
Log 2
DAYS
Before
infection
6.5 5.3 6 4.6 4 1 1
7 day post
infection
9 9 5 12 9 Death
before 7
day
1
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
61. HA titer for allantoic fluid collected after inculation of ECE
9 day with cloacal swabs samples collected from the
experimentally challenged chicken groups
Groups
Shedding detection by micro plate HA TEST
NDV EG 18/2015
HA log2
NDV EG 35/2014
HA log2
3 dpc 5 dpc 7 dpc 3 dpc 5 dpc 7 dpc
A 3 1 1 1 3 0
B 6 2 1 1 4 3
C 3 0 9 1 3 0
D 5 4 10 0 1 0
E 3 0 0 2 1 0
F 5 3 3 5 6 4
G 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
62. the results of virus shedding in different groups post challenge.
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015
64. Conclusion
Newcastle disease is still a major problem
for the poultry in Egyptian governorates .
NDV genotype VIId is currently endemic and more
spread in the country, induce high mortality rate in
vaccinated flocks.
The protection percent of the commercial available
live and inactivated vaccines gave different level of
protection and shedding, but the inactivated vaccine
with La Sota gave the best result followed by the
Vectorimmune vaccine
Not only protection varied according to thevaccination
program but also it was different according to the
pathogenicity of the challenge virus strains.
Dr.Mohamed Nabeh 2015