The document summarizes the ion exchange membrane process for producing chlorine, sodium hydroxide, and hydrogen gas. It describes how brine is purified through filtration and ion exchange before being fed to the anolyte compartment of an electrolyzer. Hydrogen chloride is added to control pH as chlorine and hydrogen gases are produced in their respective anode and cathode compartments. The cation exchange membrane allows only sodium ions to migrate between compartments. Details are provided on Asahi Chemical's bipolar membrane electrolyzer design, forced circulation operation, safety features, and standard production capacities. Diagrams illustrate the cell structure and configurations of different electrolyzer types.

1. }l*l.H'‘:"t"iI'4 l.)t?*: at‘ri[Jii=s';=ii
Brine Purification
I Brine is filtered by a candle type
filter and passes through ion ex
change resin column and then
fed to the anolyte compart
ment of the electrolyzer.
Electrolysis
I The anolyte is circulated inside
cell chamber. HCI injected to
feed brine to achieve pH 2 to 2.5
in order to produce the chlorine
with low oxygen content of 0.5
0.7%.
I Catholyte is circulated inside the
cathode cell chamber. Water
added to the catholyte to keep
the concentration of product
NaOH.
The purity of chlorine and hy
drogen gases produced is so high
from the early stage of start of
the electrolysis operation that
the downstream process using
the chlorine or hydrogen gas can
start its operation faster than
other process.
Salt Eissotu on Chlorine Hydrogen
an? r'mEi'ri" . ‘Compression Compression
Brine Purification
Secondary
Brine
Brine Purification
Membrane
£55
l Anode
.'i‘iEi='§i''
—i
Cathode
Q , A
>
Purified
Brine
Fleturn
Brine
Anolyte Tank Catholyte Tank
Product
l.laOH
Multi Effect
Evaporator
l'_

2. Hat =ii.' I 'riiiciplr 'l If ii'il.' [‘iit"i‘i1"i;i[ji'.' zi: .
|I!1 the ion cxchaiige memhrane
process. a cation exchange mem
hrt'ii'i~e is u a s a separatar
hatweeri an anolytc compart
ntertt and a oatholyte compart
merit.
ln the anolytc compartment,
chlorine gas is produced and on
the other hand caustic coda and
hi, 'i:lrogeri gas are produced in the
cathode compartment.
The cation exchange memhrai ie
pcl'|'l‘iiEs only‘ I" la' ions to migrate
from the anolyta oompartment
and prevents Cl" ions immigra
tion from anolyte I.‘:Dm|;iar'trT|i_=:r'r['
to the catholyte compartment.
ion excharige membrane process
enahles to produce high purity‘
caustic soda because o’r the =p ai'rr|
selentiirity or cation exchange
rnernlzilane compared to dia
phragm process.
Bl? H.
HaDH I
I
l'J I
Na‘ | I), ,
Naijl
. Gr H_ . .
UH‘
ll IA
H 2U

3. ‘special |‘l]"I'[Il;]F'l"' l of lht l~Ili~i~ti iil_i." xt~i'
Filtitis pi ass type bipolar electroly
IE I"
High durability of metal cell en
sures long service life.
The structure of the el ect roliyrer
is simple and that the i1'.:place
l'r'it'ti‘it of the membranes and the
ma. intenan ce virorlt is ijlone at site
easily.
The p oiiver consumption is Ioyy
even under high current density,
by llteeping the lcm|.i erature and
pressure high.
Solid metal partition wall enables
low ohmic drop.
Bipolar arrangement ensure the
uniform current distribution in
each cell and ai'riont| all celis in
the eleotriji lyzer.
EH5!‘ Hid "E'If£i."llE' operation
Start up and shtit down of e a i:h
electroly: ter is easily done inde
pendently ol the other clac
ti nlyters.
The operation rate of ea ch elec
tiolyzer is easily adjusted with
wider flexibility independently
of other eleetr oly:rers_
Safety operation
Safety interlocking system by
detecting abnomtal voltage is
provided for individual electroly
ZET5.
Electrical instilatiori of the elec
trolyzer arid urthirig of its accu
sihle components are provided to
prevent from electric shoclt to
operators.
F'artition wall l_1et'iire en the two
compartments can preyent e lciegl
explosion I aading a serious acci
dent.
AGILVIEH MLEIHE

4. l"ilrtlt‘lt||'t' iii‘ lite f':|Il"ll‘iI'lill'i Ii".t‘I'
tlsthcilyte l'Iltrdet—;
Gasket
liliel tel s
l'.i.|thode—
I
.r
Iliaahi Cl'icmiI:al's electrolyter
ii'5'=i:lL'l’ZEFl F 'lLll is of a bipolar
1"|i'|IlIe and is composed of various
cell frames
Eacli cell is composed of a pair
of anode and cathode compart
lTiel'lt facing each other :l'l{| an i cin
exchange membrane in 11 etyi,reier|_
The anode anrl cathode compart
ments are separated by the parti
tion wall.
The anode compartment is made
of titanium and the cathode
compartment is consisted of spe
cial stainless steel and nicltel
P nocle and cathode are spot
welded onto the ribs of each
Gl:Il'I'll|J3l1'l'I'lE'I'| '[,
Fl I'"Jl'i" t Uytist Il' iath olyt ii outl ei noiotl is
I I Ulltlel I1 IJI =l'I= l" ins liciuirl separation eriamtier
[ll 'Zatl'Iodc]."
I l"|..' I
|| I J
Each compartment has an inlet
noatle of the electrolyte at its
holtom and an outlet noaitle of
the electrolyte and gas at its ti;ip_
Supporting arms are attached to
the l" ioth side of the ceil frame in
or tier to hang the frame oti the
sirle hars of the lter press
The sire of cell is 1,2 meter by
E. '1 meter for ML 3 T! type and
for liIlL 32?‘ l type and I 5 meter
by 3 El meter for ML he type.
The standard production capacity
of one electrolyaer is tert thoi t
sand H|Il=,[[Zl[]} metric tons i‘llIll[l'i=E.
l"ilaClH] per year for ML 32 type
and twenty T |‘icil.lsti|'l El '[2'l],[}lIlIl
metric tons per year for ML El]
type.
'
III limit I Ir. 1 1
——.1r
HI
I.
I.J
FI I
.
I_
1——————
1— —f1
I '
.1’
.
ll‘ ltholyte
Inlet
——:|—.—.|r|.|
II:
J—l'1
‘II'_~_.
I ' I
_|.|___
' Inlet rianleI I _
_Ls.' | |.I!I,rit'i r.lrr}i
Anode
I iltiri.ii.trn
Patti! itiin Wall
pawl?“ Memhrana
Inlet
l l
I l l
. lE I ,: T Hllii Reinforcing ril:i I Inlet nr i ..t..:|i:
H._L.i.
~ [liict
. I, einnrlc
Duct llllathodtiii
Bell structure of i!t[3lL‘i"ZEFt l'ilL3i'l'il l;
l‘ IH ' u ' it I Dutlat nozzle
X i lirii i:ii'li:':|

5. . """"" l
‘IH
t___ _
= i
7;
,_
'"'—|II
4'1
I _1.,:._,.,:;.'£.''.'1H.I .
1
r
¢ .._
4‘_r _ . at. 1 . ..’H ,
c‘:< . . .t l ' ."—.~"Ia."'.| 6.; ':=~ =... as
"" ' ___ .1 r
_ “*hII J 1’, F
____ W; |—q | |___. _|' '.i—i i—i i
='1 ._ 4
ii‘!
‘IBJIIII
U
II
II
_..__ _._.i_i.:a... . .s_ ,1 .e... ., .
._ . . .. .'. _
Appearance of Cell
Natural Circulation
ML 32 NC Type Cell
Appearance of Cell
Forced Circulation
IML 32 Type Cell
Appearance of Cell
Forced Circulation
IML 60 Type Cell
|_... . 1" |
l l"
| il
I‘
I
""5
.i.|_t..
a
1
i.
II
‘M
III]
I
_i
F
|.'..1
i
1.
_._.

6. CHLDH ALHALI PLANT CAPACITY EMFLDYIHG
ASAHI CHEMICAL PFIDCESS
Start up. 'Company Location Ewami n
i aahi _E heinical_ Industry i 1a.. l.li:l.
De nlti I" '.i|?i gal itu Hogyo l'i l 'f
Esaltatoon Chemicals Ltd.
l'Jl'ierriica.l C !‘.l, Lid
Cfatlar Holl Harvey Pi ilp and Paper
Tasman l taper [sift _ ltd,
hint: alnbel chemicals e.v.
l‘ ll|'llIl llielltintoélai t'Jo.. Lld,
I ti ii_el'ia 'EJl'i=ern ical lnrl. Go. Ltd.
Crlrayarria chcrriicei Ctt, l..ld.
"fangiiiaiia Ehen cal Piant
itanio Eleiilta ltocyu cu. Lid.
P.1.e.=isaii iii " "
cliglhar General l: i'.lErI':l'll[I:F.ll Ftiil '!‘ltIIl"_,'
t ‘siirriilcmo Chemicai E‘ o.. l_ti1
Elail tu IBl‘ieiTiii:: at Fatzlory
scenic {l.'luF‘t1nli"l.]iin av;
Beijing l' lo E tlli erriical Factory
E‘ enlracl'ian'i Ltd. [HEP f_ '3liltirl :titi;i
I tiuhcu Fleclioch emical l'a ctoiy
Elnerltal CIl'lol'i'licEi] ll'lClLlti i.l"y' IIIE1, Lld.
rsoa ¢!*s"!i=s!.t‘*FrteEialrig Petrochemical E.‘ erpoiation
tarsseatss!.rs=~1Eianistirig Fine ilheitiica is Lltl.
Ps.sits.ssssaoMt'.lIlIli iltilialies 5| ll: |"ll3ii'l'lllZi!l]=5 l_ir 1.
'l:l'i1'l l"t l Eloclrc c_l'iei iiiir.s=il FEI l'.!ll‘i l"_|i'
l liri ::lustt_in Elrganic lI“ l'ier'riiciJl;s Ltd.
l lvi Eihriram Eorisolitieled Lid
Lticl ty I rd
silo ri tlaraal
l" lIZIlIl=¢ll'lf'Li' 1, l= Hpan
Elhmi. Japan
E‘ cal‘ o'iloori._ Hana [la
l" ilettltatt ic_ Cartada
liinleith. hlcw .t'o. ilend
tliawoii iii, l‘ I i nv Zealand
Flolleitlam. hlethctlenrls
l"iE|.1'|lI'JFll'.i 1, ..li=i|:;ian
blishilii. Japan
li 'ldI_ishir1ia_ .li=ipi=in
Lanthnu, China
Shilii i iliatva. .lr ipari
l ‘rnbolihggo, indonc. sia
l:'llI|Il'lHl'. crane '
l~liihan'ia Japan
Tia =i'i|in, Uhiii: i
Niagara Falls. l~l"i’. US. ti
Beijing. Chin; i
Herripton paili. South rtlrina
lliitrltoti, [ihiria
ritinean. l Korea
l tunming. C'l'lll'l=.'F.l
“i’ueyHng. China
Tanahan. C hina
Llls an, ltorea
Hooshiiing, 'l.=iivi.'t tn
.r .lviair. India
Iining. China
Flasayaiii. liidia
Jhagadia. India
l{or ea
Taivi an
1FiCl,[lll:lU
E1 ,l]l' Il[i'
1 it'll f fflfl
tllii ‘Ii
iiE .*"‘.."i
eases
1F,lI
3Cl[l.lI'
itii t
it .=i tx
ia.tist
s tmr.
ititzix
so.nlit
i tisptit
HEl.l:'lilfi
teases
2EJ.iIl1II[lI
s tees
st: .i:itiri
as.eto
El]'.i]f 'l lIl
auzias
is sat
atiiat
2=’l,l'.il:ill.:
react
itteet
ataat
saeiiiz
lE"Cl,lIllIlC
4E lIIl.lIl El II
"stern tease
‘ H TE
"err
‘sire
"57lE!l
' sssree
‘scares
"satires
‘sense
"seahorse
‘sea
“see
itiaaraa
istarsi
iaetrasrss
' ssrrssrse
atir '
* slat
tiasrtio
‘ assist?
set rsc '
"Fl'EiI‘l
‘easies
‘H513
'ss irss
‘QEH
'tlEH
995.
.995.
teed‘
lace‘
wast"
l‘ ilc lEr: ' E“ t:llc=dulr_'=;i

7. Asahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
Nobeoka, lapan
ML 32 NC (Natural Circulation) Type Cell (1.2m x 2.4m)
ML 32 NC Type Cell
i.
. ii..=eci,i.'i..
‘ 1. if; ii.l§§i'§iiitiii ‘ti
t itiisiitli
' '|
I _'"1,...___"..r—i']""‘I"||ul"""""IIi‘ts‘ |i""""'II_,'ni""""'fIIni.
I i'nIl'|"'IllFs..—.Pl‘._|"i.._._._,_in_i_.,__.
i.._,._..._,....,,._.'P
—i__|___;:iia
f—||..'II
* ':"""H' i .:""'""I'iIIv .ii.|.,,.,_."_'_
l'—_
I1.1.I

8. I.
i;at
i" iii!
ri. .
l*._._
to|. H
on .._,,_
I‘
__. r
__|
Illin
, per
‘ cl"
isIH'_.at
..‘
i' #1
it_y as
£55 i
P I _
' "Ilium
__r_ _ .
.*; .'_
1‘:‘
__ ______, ..t _ .
' . i.' '.'I ' .
. .— ' '; .__. *—' ____.__ . _ __ .
i.; 7' :1 ;_ _ '
__t_Ii‘ A — V.
_‘__,_i:| "I ' ‘ '
Asahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
Nobeoka, Japan
ML 32 Forced Circulation Type Cell (1 2m is 2.4m)
In ._
v
iti',I" ‘liil, 1
ti.i Hwii : I| I
in
_, a
_iiif yr’?_|
W?
_. .i 14
Asahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
Nobeoka, japan
ML 60 Type Cell [1 5m It 3.6m)
1'F‘
13'5'
ii
iii
ii tl,t.t'tiii12;? _i
liiii1:!‘ i. .t
i.i i:
i‘ I muffit H]if aHf'i'i I. i ei‘i.’iiii=
W "‘t¥;iiililtiiiiii!i'ti

9. J’
1 L1,.
_ I
L L
.__ J“ F._:_ I
't
at""1"si
,._,.n.'
"*
. _ ,
1 .""I'!. "I":_ 1‘T . ' ' '
— 1 |._.i.;.
' _ _;_ _ " "'I';'§.!‘
Denki Kagaku Kogyo K.K
Ohmi, Japan
q: _ _
l T'3'l"'.. 'T_'. F:. | L _ Q’
' ..._ '1"
L, ' _ 1?
I‘
,
i.l' ‘H '::_4
_ 1 ' " .
“T 5"" i. .l_. I .' __
‘$1 .‘
. 1l;~;.__
Denki Kagakti Kogyo K.K
Ohmi, Japan
—.______ ' I. " i
1 1
| lb I.
Ft. 0 ,. . ffll uq _,]lb_ ___: 'i‘ r
._____
s
1 ..,?"'l"
t
HI
. ,
L! if
‘tit ’ l |
ifll
"''.i,i,._
L‘I.:..:,_1:i.i_‘*,,,,"'M|.%'“"'"1'"r%:F"'1"..'“~
Irv‘:"""""l'bu"""'I'n.q.|u:'
""""viH_12|n.|.,_.,.
i‘.,.,"“",‘I ii
'l'I i?'‘=::..'Wif

10. 1|lIf__|____.l|_
____l‘WIY(‘HI
___L__
U__|____‘
___“_
_'_
____.______‘__‘F:_
I______J_____I|__F_I_____I_U___________|____:___Pr‘________I_____I|
_Vb_:__F“!________{iiJ
_ ____‘____I__I___F________"r
L______________I___:L
__|
‘J
__
__!____k__;||___“_____J_____‘__._______“_H_''|_____
X¢
‘_
I
_$
___f
_f_lii_r__J_
JIE
g__!___
g___?im
_h_g _
_WQ‘___
___
‘“____m___
Q _h’__
Emy
iill_
EH!F‘_;__ILijHJ
_i_§
ilI________,__
Lg iiii
_
____f IfI__i!_I .
g iigg
_ _:__
|___
_____ _‘___
‘I1
”m_H____"_'_;"_i!________l"____:r_H__h_
i_|:l~r.IlIIfI1‘_____i__£1f_*__1?m;_____“__|_______.__.I__"___.“______II____i
_l’i____._|__"______'___'__|.__l___
E~__
_5:?
_____l___i_
lr’_I'.f‘__l"__'_!fr_I__I
___‘_ 1_d_":__r_____’_____h""l_____I_____r_____|“___"___q___l___
_l______g!_“l!__I_I:_T__I__
______I___fI__._II____1II
___
___
____
__“Wig”_1iv___n__
_.__|
_
h_I
L
_ H| ___H_m
_1m_E_
|_
r
g
_ _|H
I__
__t____
Hm_ILQCa_mHPtIBmAeC_mTP
3_kS3 d3H3CH,O0_______S
¥i_r_1l___!___H___________________
t1
dL“WCMEmB_h__CEHHA_LS
HdHHHCEWB_kCaN

11. ti
r"l
I
i
I
—_a—u—; rh
i_.|i.__¢.iiuru—
i
Carter Holt Harvey Pulp and Paper
Kinleith, New Zealand
I
Tasman Pulp and Paper Company Limited
Kawerau, New Zealand
1*
if
I‘ If
n. | .' I|.1IreIIla| II'r .1.
r.
i . .TII1r if
iitiiiiihiii
2 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiih
iii
tat E
."'"lav.u.,.,_,_‘..f:I1u:|i:.
_;_IItn.',"",I
"""'IlltiIucu,t..._,,._eu_.,,_,,_|_3_:_1it
""lln
2:2".,,""r,=.'ni.._i,._.,I
'1"vIirn;.
I14.9.;
H
I. ,Hr
Ii
i_,.__,_
.'.1id.‘PI‘u.ui.,w‘_
""""1'I'Ii1u|,i,""'"Iu.i».."""""i""‘H:my""""'iiiI.i,
ii 1..""‘+.n_,,_
iin|...,_,_,___‘;i,.
I
‘'4:.1
Flline|
I.u.,.,.I I
':._r_.1.’Trv1.2‘.
It_|_,.,_""",_,
I'veu|.,""I_,
." ltugi._1*
.

12. —t
i
um.
e
i.'l..1o.‘
_ 1 1
."'_ ‘Q
Akzo Zout Chemie Neclerland b v
Rotterdam, Netherlands
F3 i.
f#f
‘—i.
3' {
lta i i= ‘lei
" .~' *':'1 I‘: ":' .tZ_: 1;.I ..
v—
iii
T‘?!
"‘2"='...:.'""“Hy__i‘1'.I',,"_1'_'__iii..i
Ii.:.';';;i:.i..
“"”‘=»‘"=:.'*~;...»T"
"E
3%?* vwE..
c
'I
"'1
..
%.
._hi.,._
__.__,_....._:
._..=.,_,___
Inu.
Il::‘F.
‘cl
wEJE;
__‘IIIin,,_,___:|ii,
1~:.::.;,,,_""“““,';'='s'=
.
m;
''II'l
I ...'_.i_:1
owIn|i"“"""''' ..'
_ i .
lTili'i.'I1't
“
_ 4'. . Ia J
.;.*'
sit‘?
i

13. _ __.. ,._ _. . . __ __
iiT_.'iii{il
i _;i.tin“;iwi
E'~=roc=5~':~"~**"L..._ ..‘T'
_|
Nikkei Kako Co., Ltd. :..i._
‘i iiillig .
Kambara. Japan ._i._ .
I i‘, .
F
"‘ i
i ..
f r ff
Illll .1. .. .... . T
I: iiJ;ff;;f;} 3:f{i] J
II = .
= i ‘:;15.='.=i3’£'.= ; _:;;:_nnu~
4.5I<I~=.=:i, __ r=1_. :.'.i'
'5 It ‘iii .:l:.t.i==:= ‘I'.‘_:_i;; !_!._t=F. E5 :' _1.i' ‘i':=" 'Jiffy’; ..:J.i::t:t l 4
|':.3=:':
i;;j

14. i ‘ 73’ ‘_"!.?:_'T
...
qu.n—|
Wm w J
Lanzhou Chemical Corporation
Lanzhou, China
;7
"'4 ih : r
s 5
.1 ;_nTTTii';rTrr: ,—. .
Lanzhou Chemical Corporation
Lanzhou, China
i Q
_ * . 1=_.,___
I
_“;"_~u':.'
=1.
1I‘ ||
I‘Iunan
;
'
Ii.__._h_hI
mg.""ti
._
é '5, /Xg iiizifi
3:12 f.
is

15. ":1
"51:o
1'
.?..
I ‘ii2;1.__
1 ... jwsa .‘
ti Z
lr .1
. W"
. I l||m“L
1 uI"'“"
' 1|
,r;.?.
l'='1'_.'."=3"
''a "’I
:»'=:|'"="":; PiP.T. Sasa Inti
Probolinggo, Indonesia
_.. ....___.H _ . an
, .
K
I5,:rl
. I H .' ‘hr | Ir I I
:j_ ; iv‘?!in i ' | .
'7' ' ;5,__T_ __'_|'l""'
in 11 H .' ' *1 ' ' '__ ; r;'_'_ BM
I I H I | I rn .' . I
' .i~ I L " '9 ‘I4
I lIl ;Ir 0 .. f I "I f I
_. .. .. _*:—*o' ‘T
,1:B1| in|
|_ . I
==>. ='. ~ : '
. ah,
III
. Ir. I ii ‘ .1 ~._ . ,
I 4l i I H
' " iii io In
n =>_
! ' T “Q” ._¢e1 :_. H"
I1
<1’ Hm if ‘.... . ‘.31 _ _
P.T. Sosa lnti
Probolillggo, Indonesia
1 ii‘?
‘Iii
., _,;§P'| .E:ri.~z==',' 1:; 11' I“
"H ,’ 1"‘ H.=a:a..' i,=;=. :;|_ i;_ ;.€_.:,.. _ _._;|._
I "'.:::_: |:';| ;_l7
our III ‘ ""i":'= =1 1L E ‘.

16. L
K
HI
1
_
__F‘
i
___
‘K
HI___
I ___“__hI“___
_.‘‘
___‘_I_P“ _IrL______:
_
ELd_v NLII
_
I|_____
__________"_I_._
.__“___|“__._H___T___
1:]__‘It._______P|__‘Lt“uni._______r_________'_____|_______|_
___.____El_|I|______I_PIL__i_|___t|__.______1___________|______>|I__|___‘F________I_______||I________________1_____|1
I__|1___________i____________|_____|_|_
__§___I_:___I______:___|________‘___t1_______|____I___________51|__________|_____
_____=__
J:_H______i____F____;__i_L_I‘I.L____1_I=|P.1.PJ_‘I.L~1_“r___l___'___IhI~_________P____=__E_i_____:
_I___:_!_:l________:____|___‘___I_=_I__:____I______________I_:|__|___._____hU|"_I_____________|____
*1"____ul_.________|_=1_1_IIi_____‘__+___________'__I_vL__i!“E_E_&*~:t1‘Pi_:_t1_I_~____Hr__Il._|______||_I“__|____|"_r____________1_|__________|____I_____
_1“__I_____‘_I:l___________1_______l___‘__1"__“_h___
______
___1“_nij“_HF_5““u__¥__1__
i___]__I11"____I___l___
1__________'_____________________________1__
:____LI‘:__________F________|__1______
‘lliT_.t.Pl'|I|lIq___|__________1:_____|
1:1___11_____I__
‘I.I{_EL11rhHYFJ_1“_‘.t&L_______________1l_n“L_____________“""F_l_____%lI___.
lll__r:___l1_'_____::____r‘__|__I|_‘___1__
_______“_“nAu_IqII“x_L_|_“______H_u'_““"___“_"___|"|v1
_IlI__I‘_____|!_1|__1_1|__|_'_~_|____:______.l___________|______I_H____H_‘n_“hH___|___”|___“_H____;J_J___“||__‘l_1_|_'||'l_|:I____L_P___1:._______J_FL__r1|1___‘_"___P___'____t_H____1______r_:
‘.r__L'LJ_"|_Ei:rLJl‘J‘_~__‘__=_E_________
1“‘___H_“H|__u"!_‘_HH_hJ___i_________E|H___i___w"H“HL__i"“u_n“_E“H“_EL1__L1~
_:___:_I1
_|_1_"_"_“H_r'___rI1_H__"_"_|___"“___‘___H"___"__|________1|I?__iI_“_____|___i____H_____"_____I_|_____'‘I1____1______£____“_IIH_______r““_P___J__I__n_""__________U_________I‘_l_____"_l|r_._____r___h_|__________T____|1__:‘1________|________hI‘___________________|_1_I___]1_|______"_________I_|_
___4_____L_I_r_‘|=H“_'______F_HhH___
~I.:HF__1I|LU.‘|:.q.I‘Ldl'J___‘I
l____l_____n|______‘__"______|r_"____L________r_______
___L__:__E_|3_I___1r"__t_______
__5_____‘___|_H|_r|__|______________________laPrvI‘_41"HliIti
_n__“__|I____|_____
__
_ ____1
___1¥_h.
____
_1_PMm1we_______M_M‘_M___
J
‘_I__________
__
__
I‘_ %
_____ _
L’.
__Pr__l ___“,H__
_M__w______________‘_____J___
__“WK__m__H___________U_‘___
________________|“HJ_|____‘L_L
nP___““_L___@___’
_I ____1_
.1__W___
____I__‘
l_H_|___OA%_v_%___’k _HW
_MS___W_ __
_|___0€____.%‘_
__‘__T_'I l.‘_____”__
___ ___LI_“I'
_~1_ lI_I_F
_
|________.|_
___
_ q_uS___H_“_____ _'__T______._l_
_1_
HAll___?P
Da__m__M+HFH_m__wJ_mI1_{F_n__H_J _____J_~
_'____ _|hU_I_““I_
_2ha__I_W_W_I“i
CQ_I__H__aa_____:2?_
iK
:1___|_IfI__I_
‘‘___~NN
_ww__U_
H____~_____?___u____..I‘___“______“___
___I_
HF!S___;M1_L__r_'i________
;__!___I:JJ?_ F
o$5"2
II
ki1in‘__
I__Q_|1_“I________
________u"___
HH_____
~:__ |__________:
_rpl
I“H_WM___ __%
___HYhm_M____“WmMEI
VIfJ‘mI
umrM_hCEN DAisn'0%
EPuaI3_B‘HN

17. ago
|.
.
"“""lI| _h_
~:~"
§ ‘i
3 u
" '=.1J _ __ . .,
I P E '
ll . _ T. _ __ ___‘
| |.. ' | " _...,.___
1‘€a"»r." ii . 1v1i.
._ .".._ _. I
1.
T
‘H
EH: J._jr_| ]l; If 51
. * ' _ __.,._
i _. .
j
' '4
11
H ' ""' I .
1 1 an e .
'5‘ 5 1" ._ .... _' _ _‘
'“‘.';i'_*?'§ i‘ “,1.£|,,_.,
_.,_
'Qan .1 . r
Beijing No. 2 Chemical Works
Beijing, China
xit Irot
—__pJa
I
1 .
I _
"T'
1
'. . '._.
. . ‘»n“:="‘." .. , . '. '1.' .* _‘l‘>"
Beijing No. 2 Chemical Works
Beijing, China
..|4
.... ,,.
|11"::r.
“| ri;::j_
"“_...:11...
___,.,...=:___,_.,.."__,_...|r__.n I
_ .u
IFIIU _aallI'II ill
: *1 Ji, H
,1,~,?=aa;,a2..1==~,a_;=aa_1naiis.=~v==1_;k§1._ ._'~ E|_' L 5.!
=s.=.@~.g@,.:.=,=,a =»oh
III‘!
"' ,.,"'..n
1‘ |
1.31 v"'__H,|,,._|".5"::__:t" aw
FILE
|‘___ 1.'1H.,.|.nI_:_'.uI ~="=~"“~,_,.':;='r"‘I‘!""“.||::I::'
.—rH"_.|1"‘. .:,';;‘.'J;_:_,'*
.,|q.pI""1 H:
E:1 1:.
1|
li:|I
F. ,,. I.I
I"Il‘
___,.,.
v"'r"&...
E
* "ii?! iiiii‘iii
:§=!E= 1;. ii ‘I. :_,
ti 1% =..==a‘
.e.=.e ‘iii
E iii!___,.rr
nr,,,.,.|*"""'.I:.—"""“'_“,.;|J"",__.no
,,;.»_+,_,.¢.._0I|_.|,._.||.m.1
__l_._,...1M
.IIII""'_‘_'_,_,..|
|_',";':_Ir1"“‘ttlql‘II' .I'r'""'_
.|. F‘.
.,_. I.1
F.I n|—I' anII‘ ‘nuIIranII‘ “
11iii:EiiiT‘i.|II'"'
4......';
.__..
11:3,...
__,,,.,..||_r
_,m
,... .._
l'|.
""_f'.||
...»
ii

18. 1.
_':_— __ .' ___,_.:_—___' r
: '— n.
.:
Iii I I I‘?" 1..
. .l
.".'+.' = '1' ' n‘..' . =1. , '
Ir
a _, I‘
._ __‘_|
.n
L“,5. ¢"?""!‘—"'—p_=".'f1
41 1
F
|
E. I:: . r. ' ' '
,, J
Ali,_.
|,n.
Sentrachem Limited
Kempton Park, South Africa
4 .
Sentrachem Limited
Kempton Park, South Africa
_.
I I I I I
J J l _ _ ,. . _. f _¢;,|1. 1 I I
"—"' a , 1.
i
. .| . |
*=5*==1“;r}.':‘'
...,
.
_ .
u .§__
..
.1:'?3"*»
E5? ' !15.~:7l1§ ‘Q. T*!:=:§3,:;. . : "qr. I5;,"'I J_,_. '_.:._
' " '.1
U‘H7: ;‘.; ..'", ."1, :|.'.1|;|;._ . | |.. . ,»|_ I”. . ,_ 1. ._,.:.;_.|| ;;|| . ._._| ___.;.I_;:_ .1 kn _ . :1 |
:»:_§_.I H17i=. .: c . +. ;. :_{;._j4F.; 'ifj:1‘3F
3'7: 1 ft» " . F . 11*.
1|
J. .. M... .,. _.
__H__.|j.Ll: _.;g:._.I ;_.I
" rl :
Q, . _.I
.._ .
' C
: .._ .
**1<!_‘."7:'1»=
.
|. . " ,_
,_ .
,'. If
.1.
i:"' .. ._. _.¢ ___ . . | .. '_._ F,.. | _. .,_ ..
.. s=a.1a:£i a.::a=1.=s..a :..a e‘,*1? 1 i 11' :+:: : ; : : ' 1=: 1i" ==—r : Li;'=:.=t i'I,_ , I, 4.1 . “,|||.. | _ ,:i1|,..q: .1.5'.lJ._| . .. .:.
212:1;§!'~£3_1_~I{I{:[§jg"? '52!111.,';I_{_i:;'F""¢‘ 5; '
|.'.;‘ u. 1
. . I I . '| I.$ L. I AI
_.|~| I . ||1I' F 11pa. _.. . .1. .
:I,I.| |,1II_: .I;'.1. :1. :.1r.1J1| _|_ F. _...__.;._r.1l1 .
.1 |'1'.;.,;..'| _. .,£.__;,l_ IL.J I J _:._‘_ I .
.:~ .|.. J. . : '.' '.. ur. '4. .. I . _.
|;:||. .].' | .'. I|.:' 55."1.‘...
.I_;1 I l ... ' ".1... .l|.| . ..I|.r ': ':' ' _ r. I I.I .I.1 I.'. .1. .‘ I. ' '." ' 1 "
I ;' .‘ T : :4 1': _ E _l;1.| '!}.}' . I‘ _ :1‘ '_:; 1 : _'jT E .1‘ 1 '51}
I..
. .. #1.": 11:3
rr ' .r.I.'L .1151‘; . , .I. : 1.51.
. . .'.. ' '. .'... _.1_.1 _ . _ . _. .
. . II.‘ .' H" I‘. '.'I.l.l.l '. '. . .
. . . .1 | ..4;. ; |.. ' ‘ ‘:
:11.: l I5; ':.' _: .1‘5: T:
{I 3.1:: .;I5.;l 1I;i;1_1:! I 1.
:I.'."Ir I I" II I:'..
5.; I 1 'I|:I_f'| ._;
, 7, I I ... .
I..5I |
| r ||
|'| | L
".. '.,_ ||| |;
'~:::kl |_|
E5:
F51
J:'1,EI::::.1.
. :.;_,_..,or
=;;:.==:5'=?..‘:§Ia If|;*:1:5;‘: I: 2'
..1';:31;::r‘;§'.__
F:r1=I€1'=‘.=.:::5::: . 2 .~.1.—. . .' ..'.r.,
.| | |' |_ |‘_ ._| _.: ,1, 1, Ir. ',' ,_
_| I .‘_.||5 _.,_.,_1._5:I
I1 ! =.!'1‘.f_';;? I5‘
; ; : : :' . :.'»_,.
| 1 | '71'.' ' .' ' '|.. _ . | r | .
.'.; 1' .‘. .I|'.' . |' '_ | 1,. .. ,
|,'|' .;. .I.r.. _ . .. . .
'. . ' f:.j _
f' ' II I .' .1 f _' . I. . |. . H..I.I.*. . . |'| ' '||._._._.,_.__.;
I. '. '. . .'.—‘
I J J. . ._ _ .1
|_ |. .
.
| _
J
|

19. _ ii_ .
_ ___
.. —
Yunnan Chemical Works
Kunming, China
. ;
'1
II
I _‘ _'
B In 5=I1'.""" 1
. |
|
1. .
_ ..
" 1r: L _
ll ‘J "‘tT=
1
1 I
_ “ 1., _... .
Pd — , ' Tu" Fl ':':|~|'i‘l I"|"I'“’l' Ill?“ l
rmmnamli,.l~+~"
_,_,‘_
‘.I
I"'l
.__‘
"I
.__:_L
r r
I1%‘
1
1. "1!!!
'. _
Q
|.
1|.
|;_,
1‘,
___.» “F'
1*
. , Q ll‘
. 1 1*.
iii T"
i _.
Yunnan Chemical Works
Kunming, China
___; _ . _.__. 3,
h L I ll 1| '“*_“—
HU
"1. 1"';,_'' 1|.'..,."_
H117
TI
Iii1'1 E
r.
. , .
'r"—'r r
= 1. ' ' ....Jf;'.r._,,,
FML
in
" 3.l.‘.:.£ _.I II Q...“ ;
. ‘I
1.
11'.‘ |. ,*f'_i"'
Ill
l'.| 1| |
|'| I ||| | _|..||
11 war |'J
I ' 1 ' :='._|'1 w‘
1| | | I ' 1||||I '.;.!
ll I
.7
ll
I J.