This document provides assistance in configuring and troubleshooting multicast routing through firewalls such as ASA and FWSM. It discusses multicast support, configuration, terminology such as shared tree and source specific tree, common commands, and troubleshooting common problems including syslog 106010 errors, mfib limit reached, failed to locate egress interface, and issues with HSRP.
This document provides instructions for capturing packet traces from funkwerk devices in a format readable by Wireshark or Ethereal. It describes how to install the necessary software on Windows or Linux systems and use the Brickware or bricktrace-linux tools to connect to the device, select an interface to trace, and save the output as a pcap file or pipe it directly to Wireshark for analysis. Filtering options are also explained to limit the trace to specific protocols, ports, or IP addresses.
The document provides an overview of the OSI model, TCP/IP protocols, Cisco IOS modes, router components, cabling, router management, LAN switching concepts, IP addressing, routing protocols, and IPv6 migration methods. It summarizes key topics for the CCNA exam in 10 sentences or less per section.
The document outlines steps to configure Layer 2 security on a network. It includes assigning the central switch as the root bridge, securing spanning tree parameters, enabling storm control, and enabling port security. The objectives are to prevent spanning tree attacks, broadcast storms, and MAC address table overflow attacks. The steps describe configuring root bridge priority, PortFast, BPDU guard, root guard, storm control levels, port security limits, and disabling unused ports on switches to achieve the security goals.
Cisco CCNA- How to Configure Multi-Layer SwitchHamed Moghaddam
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Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
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The document discusses commands used for configuring and troubleshooting Cisco routers. It provides tables listing commands for OSPF configuration, examining router states, managing router memory and passwords, configuring interfaces, working with IP protocols, WAN protocols, and troubleshooting issues. The commands allow viewing routing and configuration information, copying files, and testing network connectivity.
Cisco CCNA IP SLA with tracking configurationHamed Moghaddam
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Cisco CCNA/CCNP Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
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Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
http://asmed.com/information-technology-it/
This document provides instructions for capturing packet traces from funkwerk devices in a format readable by Wireshark or Ethereal. It describes how to install the necessary software on Windows or Linux systems and use the Brickware or bricktrace-linux tools to connect to the device, select an interface to trace, and save the output as a pcap file or pipe it directly to Wireshark for analysis. Filtering options are also explained to limit the trace to specific protocols, ports, or IP addresses.
The document provides an overview of the OSI model, TCP/IP protocols, Cisco IOS modes, router components, cabling, router management, LAN switching concepts, IP addressing, routing protocols, and IPv6 migration methods. It summarizes key topics for the CCNA exam in 10 sentences or less per section.
The document outlines steps to configure Layer 2 security on a network. It includes assigning the central switch as the root bridge, securing spanning tree parameters, enabling storm control, and enabling port security. The objectives are to prevent spanning tree attacks, broadcast storms, and MAC address table overflow attacks. The steps describe configuring root bridge priority, PortFast, BPDU guard, root guard, storm control levels, port security limits, and disabling unused ports on switches to achieve the security goals.
Cisco CCNA- How to Configure Multi-Layer SwitchHamed Moghaddam
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Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
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The document discusses commands used for configuring and troubleshooting Cisco routers. It provides tables listing commands for OSPF configuration, examining router states, managing router memory and passwords, configuring interfaces, working with IP protocols, WAN protocols, and troubleshooting issues. The commands allow viewing routing and configuration information, copying files, and testing network connectivity.
Cisco CCNA IP SLA with tracking configurationHamed Moghaddam
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Cisco CCNA/CCNP Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
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Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
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Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
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This document describes how to configure a zone-based policy firewall (ZPF) on router R3 to allow internal hosts to access external resources while blocking external hosts from accessing internal resources. It involves verifying basic network connectivity, creating firewall zones, defining traffic classes and access lists, specifying firewall policies, applying policies to zone pairs, and testing functionality from the internal and external zones.
Juniper JNCIA – Juniper RIP and OSPF Route ConfigurationHamed Moghaddam
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The document describes configuring OSPF routing between routers R1, R2, and R3, and exporting OSPF routes into RIP to advertise them to router R4. R2 is configured with OSPF to neighbors R1 and R3, and with RIP to neighbor R4. The routing policy on R2 is updated to export OSPF routes into RIP. This allows R4 to now see the loopback routes of R1 and R3 in its routing table via RIP.
Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
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Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
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This document provides a summary of commands used for configuring and troubleshooting Cisco routers. It includes commands for configuring routing protocols like OSPF, commands for viewing router interfaces and configurations, commands for IP addressing and routing, and commands for WAN protocols. Sections cover memory, password, interface, IP, and troubleshooting commands.
4.4.1.2 packet tracer configure ip ac ls to mitigate attacks-instructorSalem Trabelsi
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The document describes a network topology and provides instructions to configure IP access control lists (ACLs) on routers to secure access and mitigate attacks. The objectives are to verify basic connectivity, configure ACLs to allow only remote access from PC-C to the routers, create ACLs on R1 to permit/deny specific services to external hosts, modify an ACL on R1 to allow ping, and create ACLs on R3 to block private addresses and deny outbound traffic with spoofed source addresses.
Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
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Cisco CCNA/CCNP Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
http://asmed.com/information-technology-it/
Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
http://asmed.com/information-technology-it/
This document provides a reference for Cisco router commands introduced during the Cisco Networking Academy Program semesters 2, 3, and 4 for CCNA certification, covering topics such as router configurations, interfaces, protocols, testing, and passwords. It includes the semester 2 lab topology diagram and lists physical router connection steps. The document is compiled from Cisco Networking Academy and CCNA study guide sources.
Cisco CCNA/CCNP Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
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This document provides instructions for configuring and testing the Alcatel-Lucent virtualized Simulator (vSim) on GNS3. It includes:
1) Installation and setup requirements for the vSim virtual machine and GNS3.
2) Steps to connect the vSim ports to Linux core hosts in GNS3 and configure network connectivity between the ports.
3) A procedure for testing OSPF authentication between the vSim and a Cisco CSR1000v router configured in GNS3, including the OSPF configurations on each device.
This document provides instructions for configuring an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) on a Cisco router to scan traffic and drop ICMP echo request packets. The steps include enabling IPS, configuring logging to a syslog server, modifying an IPS signature to alert and drop echo requests, and verifying IPS is working properly by checking syslog messages and ping tests between PCs.
Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
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4.1.1.10 packet tracer configuring extended ac ls scenario 1mps125
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This document describes configuring and testing extended access control lists (ACLs) on a router to filter traffic between two PCs and a server. It outlines configuring a numbered ACL to permit FTP and ICMP from PC1 to the server, and a named ACL to permit HTTP and ICMP from PC2 to the server. The ACLs are applied to router interfaces and testing verifies only allowed traffic succeeds while denied traffic fails.
This document provides a CCNA command cheat sheet covering Cisco IOS commands for the CCNA exam. It includes sections summarizing commands for Cisco device configuration, interface configuration, routing protocols, privilege mode commands, and more. The cheat sheet covers both ICND exam parts 1 and 2 and is intended to help review the majority of commands found on the CCNA exam.
This document provides an overview of Cisco router modes, commands, and configuration options. It lists the different router modes including user exec mode, privileged exec mode, global configuration mode, interface configuration mode, and router configuration mode. It also lists many common Cisco router commands used for configuration, troubleshooting, and management. These commands allow configuration and management of interfaces, routing protocols, access control lists, NAT, DHCP, and other router functions. The document provides brief descriptions and examples of using some key commands.
Configuring GRE Tunnel Through a Cisco ASA FirewallHarris Andrea
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As you might know, Cisco ASA can not terminate GRE tunnels. However, you can pass GRE traffic through a Cisco ASA 5500 firewall as described in this tutorial.
Cisco has announced IoS XE Software Release 16.3 in Q3-Q4 2016 to support the IEEE 802.1 BA AVB standard on select Cisco Catalyst 3850 and some Catalyst 3650 platform switches.
These Cisco AVB Switches deliver the highest-capacity 1, 10, 40, Gigabit Ethernet ports in the industry.
More details...
Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
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This document describes how to configure a zone-based policy firewall (ZPF) on router R3 to allow internal hosts to access external resources while blocking external hosts from accessing internal resources. It involves verifying basic network connectivity, creating firewall zones, defining traffic classes and access lists, specifying firewall policies, applying policies to zone pairs, and testing functionality from the internal and external zones.
Juniper JNCIA – Juniper RIP and OSPF Route ConfigurationHamed Moghaddam
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The document describes configuring OSPF routing between routers R1, R2, and R3, and exporting OSPF routes into RIP to advertise them to router R4. R2 is configured with OSPF to neighbors R1 and R3, and with RIP to neighbor R4. The routing policy on R2 is updated to export OSPF routes into RIP. This allows R4 to now see the loopback routes of R1 and R3 in its routing table via RIP.
Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
http://asmed.com/information-technology-it/
Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
http://asmed.com/information-technology-it/
This document provides a summary of commands used for configuring and troubleshooting Cisco routers. It includes commands for configuring routing protocols like OSPF, commands for viewing router interfaces and configurations, commands for IP addressing and routing, and commands for WAN protocols. Sections cover memory, password, interface, IP, and troubleshooting commands.
4.4.1.2 packet tracer configure ip ac ls to mitigate attacks-instructorSalem Trabelsi
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The document describes a network topology and provides instructions to configure IP access control lists (ACLs) on routers to secure access and mitigate attacks. The objectives are to verify basic connectivity, configure ACLs to allow only remote access from PC-C to the routers, create ACLs on R1 to permit/deny specific services to external hosts, modify an ACL on R1 to allow ping, and create ACLs on R3 to block private addresses and deny outbound traffic with spoofed source addresses.
Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
http://asmed.com/information-technology-it/
Cisco CCNA/CCNP Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
http://asmed.com/information-technology-it/
Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
http://asmed.com/information-technology-it/
This document provides a reference for Cisco router commands introduced during the Cisco Networking Academy Program semesters 2, 3, and 4 for CCNA certification, covering topics such as router configurations, interfaces, protocols, testing, and passwords. It includes the semester 2 lab topology diagram and lists physical router connection steps. The document is compiled from Cisco Networking Academy and CCNA study guide sources.
Cisco CCNA/CCNP Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
http://asmed.com/information-technology-it/
This document provides instructions for configuring and testing the Alcatel-Lucent virtualized Simulator (vSim) on GNS3. It includes:
1) Installation and setup requirements for the vSim virtual machine and GNS3.
2) Steps to connect the vSim ports to Linux core hosts in GNS3 and configure network connectivity between the ports.
3) A procedure for testing OSPF authentication between the vSim and a Cisco CSR1000v router configured in GNS3, including the OSPF configurations on each device.
This document provides instructions for configuring an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) on a Cisco router to scan traffic and drop ICMP echo request packets. The steps include enabling IPS, configuring logging to a syslog server, modifying an IPS signature to alert and drop echo requests, and verifying IPS is working properly by checking syslog messages and ping tests between PCs.
Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
http://asmed.com/information-technology-it/
4.1.1.10 packet tracer configuring extended ac ls scenario 1mps125
Â
This document describes configuring and testing extended access control lists (ACLs) on a router to filter traffic between two PCs and a server. It outlines configuring a numbered ACL to permit FTP and ICMP from PC1 to the server, and a named ACL to permit HTTP and ICMP from PC2 to the server. The ACLs are applied to router interfaces and testing verifies only allowed traffic succeeds while denied traffic fails.
This document provides a CCNA command cheat sheet covering Cisco IOS commands for the CCNA exam. It includes sections summarizing commands for Cisco device configuration, interface configuration, routing protocols, privilege mode commands, and more. The cheat sheet covers both ICND exam parts 1 and 2 and is intended to help review the majority of commands found on the CCNA exam.
This document provides an overview of Cisco router modes, commands, and configuration options. It lists the different router modes including user exec mode, privileged exec mode, global configuration mode, interface configuration mode, and router configuration mode. It also lists many common Cisco router commands used for configuration, troubleshooting, and management. These commands allow configuration and management of interfaces, routing protocols, access control lists, NAT, DHCP, and other router functions. The document provides brief descriptions and examples of using some key commands.
Configuring GRE Tunnel Through a Cisco ASA FirewallHarris Andrea
Â
As you might know, Cisco ASA can not terminate GRE tunnels. However, you can pass GRE traffic through a Cisco ASA 5500 firewall as described in this tutorial.
Cisco has announced IoS XE Software Release 16.3 in Q3-Q4 2016 to support the IEEE 802.1 BA AVB standard on select Cisco Catalyst 3850 and some Catalyst 3650 platform switches.
These Cisco AVB Switches deliver the highest-capacity 1, 10, 40, Gigabit Ethernet ports in the industry.
More details...
The document discusses Cisco's Audio Video Bridging (AVB) technology which enables digital audio and video networks over Ethernet. It describes how AVB provides standards-based interoperability for AV equipment as well as more flexible, scalable and cost-effective deployment compared to traditional point-to-point cabling. Cisco has implemented AVB support on their Catalyst 3850 and 3650 series switches to help customers digitize their AV networks in a standardized way.
Cisco ONE Software aims to simplify software purchasing within Cisco's technology platforms. It offers software solutions that address relevant IT and business outcomes rather than individual products. Cisco ONE Advanced Security provides predefined security suites for data center, WAN, and access in a single subscription. This simplifies security purchasing and provides benefits like simplified pricing models and access to ongoing innovation.
Cisco ucs s3260 the new storage building blocksIT Tech
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The document discusses Cisco's new UCS S3260 Storage Server. The S3260 allows for scaling storage capacity to petabytes within minutes using scale-out architecture. It offers 600TB of storage capacity in a 4U rack space. The S3260 supports various operating systems and can be configured with different drive options, I/O modules, and in single or dual node configurations for increased flexibility and performance.
The document discusses IP multicast applications and APIs. It describes IP multicast as allowing a single data stream to be sent to multiple recipients using class D IP addresses. It outlines some common multicast application categories and requirements. It also provides details on the original multicast API and functions for joining/leaving groups and sending/receiving multicast data. Sample code is presented to illustrate using the sockets API for a basic multicast sender and receiver application.
The document discusses securing Cisco routers by hardening configurations based on the NSA Router Security Configuration Guide. It covers topics such as physical security of routers, defining loopback interfaces, banner configuration, blocking SYN flooding attacks using TCP intercept, tuning IP stack parameters like limiting embryonic connections and enabling TCP selective acknowledgment. It also discusses access control measures like basic authentication, AAA authentication using RADIUS/TACACS+, privilege levels, and disabling unused ports and protocols like CDP.
Internet Technology Practical (Mumbai University) -2017Satyendra Singh
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The document provides information on various diagnostic commands used for TCP/IP networking including ARP, hostname, ipconfig, netstat, ping, route, tracert. It describes the syntax and parameters of each command and provides examples of how to use them to troubleshoot networking issues. Specific topics covered include how to display and modify ARP entries, view host names, view TCP/IP configuration, view network connections and statistics, verify host connections, manipulate routing tables, and trace routes to determine network paths. The document also provides instructions on configuring static and RIP routing between routers as well as setting up DHCP, DNS, and Telnet services on a network.
Linux internet server security and configuration tutorialannik147
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The document provides steps to secure a web server, including:
1. Reducing exposed network services by commenting out unused services in configuration files like /etc/initd.conf and restarting daemons;
2. Configuring firewall rules using iptables or ipchains to block unnecessary ports;
3. Removing unneeded users and network services from startup.
The document provides instructions for configuring multicast routing on ACI. It includes 9 steps: 1) enable multicast on the tenant, 2) create a multicast bridge domain, 3) create an IGMP policy, 4) create additional IGMP policies, 5) create an L3 interface policy for border leafs, 6) create an IGMP policy for border leafs, 7) create a PIM policy for border leafs, 8) configure an RP, and 9) verify the multicast configuration. The document also provides CLI commands for troubleshooting multicast routing and lists some limitations.
RTSP Protocol - Explanation to develop API of RTSP ProtocolFranZEast
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The document describes the Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) for developing an API. It explains the RTSP URL format, authentication, commands, headers, and sessions. RTSP supports transmitting video and audio data over RTP over UDP, RTP over TCP, and RTP over RTSP. It provides examples of setting up sessions and transmitting streams between a client and server over different transport modes.
This document describes configuring a basic single-area OSPFv2 network. It includes the topology diagram and addressing tables, and steps to build the network, configure OSPF routing on each router with area 0, and verify OSPF neighbor relationships and routing tables. It also provides sample outputs of show commands to check OSPF settings and interfaces.
Routers, switches, hubs, and bridges are networking devices that operate at different layers of the OSI model. Routers operate at layer 3 and use logical IP addresses to route packets between networks. Switches operate at layer 2 and use MAC addresses to segment collision domains and allow for full duplex communication within a broadcast domain. Hubs operate at layer 1 and are used to connect network segments but do not segment collision domains. Bridges are software-based devices that operate at layer 2 and segment broadcast domains but have fewer ports and are slower than switches.
Exploiting Network Protocols To Exhaust Bandwidth Links 2008 Finalmasoodnt10
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The document discusses denial of service (DoS) attacks and how to mitigate them. It begins by defining DoS attacks and some common types like Smurf and Fraggle attacks. It then discusses tools like hping that can be used to craft packets for DoS attacks or testing defenses. The document concludes by outlining techniques to prevent networks from being used in DoS amplification attacks and recommends configuring firewalls and filters to detect and block flood traffic.
PLNOG 9: Piotr Wojciechowski - Multicast Security PROIDEA
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The document discusses several approaches for securing multicast networks and traffic. It begins by outlining main security issues like unauthorized access, modification of traffic, and denial of service attacks. It then describes techniques for securing the edge of the multicast network, including filtering PIM messages, preventing RP mapping, using multicast boundaries, and passive interfaces. Additional methods covered include filtering multicast groups, using access control lists (ACLs) on trusted senders and receivers, and securing the rendezvous point (RP).
This document provides an overview of the tcpdump network traffic analysis tool. It discusses how tcpdump can be used to capture and filter network packets, highlights some common workflows and options, describes the underlying Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF) architecture, and addresses some common issues and questions. The key points are:
- Tcpdump allows users to capture and filter live network traffic or read from saved packet capture (pcap) files.
- Common options include -n to disable DNS resolution for faster display, -s1500 to set the snapshot length, -X to print packets in hex/ascii, and various filters like port 80.
- Workflows include online analysis of live traffic or offline analysis of saved captures
This document provides instructions for using several common networking commands:
- Tcpdump allows capturing network packets to troubleshoot issues by filtering based on hosts, protocols, or ports. Netstat displays network connection and protocol statistics. Ifconfig/ipconfig show IP configuration and allows renewing DHCP leases. Nslookup queries DNS servers. Traceroute tracks the path of packets to a destination and measures hop response times.
INFA 620Laboratory 4 Configuring a FirewallIn this exercise.docxcarliotwaycave
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INFA 620Laboratory 4: Configuring a Firewall
In this exercise you will be working with firewalld (see https://www.linode.com/docs/security/firewalls/introduction-to-firewalld-on-centos), a front-end to controlling Iptables. Iptables is a flexible firewall utility built for Linux operating systems (see https://www.howtogeek.com/177621/the-beginners-guide-to-iptables-the-linux-firewall/). It is too low level, however, and, as such, hard to use and configure the rules for filtering traffic. firewalld provides higher-level command line and graphical interfaces over Iptables to ease the pain of configuring the firewall features provided by Linux. For this lab exercise, we will only be using only the high-level command line interface. firewalld provides a dynamically managed firewall with support for network/firewall “zones” to assign a level of trust to a network and its associated connections, interfaces or sources. It has support for IPv4 and IPv6. There is a separation of the runtime and permanent configuration options.
For this lab exercise, we will be using two machines, one machine will behave like an Enterprise and the other machine will behave like machines outside an enterprise. We will call this machine as External, external to the enterprise. The firewall, as part of the enterprise will control traffic both coming into the enterprise and going out of the enterprise (to External).
NIXENT01 (Enterprise) is a CentOS 7 machine.CentOS is a Linux distribution that attempts to provide a free, enterprise-class, community-supported computing platform. Firewalld will be running on this host.
NIXEXT01 (External) is Kali Linux. Kali Linux is a Debian-based Linux distribution aimed at advanced Penetration Testing and Security Auditing. Kali contains several hundred tools which are geared towards various information security tasks, such as Penetration Testing, Security research, Computer Forensics and Reverse Engineering. You have already used this machine for Lab2 and Lab 3 in analyzing packets using Wireshark. (Wireshark is available as part of Kali distribution.)
Although there are only two machines, we are going to pretend that the Enterprise has three machines (three IP addresses) and each machine has certain services running on those machines, as follows:
NIXENT01 (Enterprise)
Service
Associated IP Address
domain, telnet
192.168.10.10
http, https
192.168.10.20
ftp, imap2, imaps, pop3, pop3s, urd
192.168.10.30
Similarly, we are going to emulate three machines on the External machine with three IP addresses, each running only certain services as follows:
NIXEXT01 (External)
Service
Associated IP Address
domain, telnet
192.168.10.210
http, https
192.168.10.220
ftp, imap, imaps, pop3, pop3s, urd
192.168.10.230
The instructions to use the remote UMUC machine in the DaaS environment is provided in the Accessing Remote DaaS Lab under Course Content.
Allocating the Lab Machines
Once you open the Lab Broker using the instructions given in ...
This document provides an overview of sockets in the Linux kernel networking stack. It discusses the socket() system call and how it relates to struct socket and struct sock in the kernel. It covers the different socket types like SOCK_STREAM and SOCK_DGRAM. UDP protocol is explained in detail along with how packets are received via udp_rcv() in the kernel from both userspace and other kernel components. Control messages and UDP errors are also briefly mentioned.
Tcpdump, netstat, ifconfig, nslookup, and traceroute are network troubleshooting commands that can be used to analyze network traffic and examine the routing paths between hosts. Tcpdump captures and displays TCP/IP and other packets being transmitted or received over a network. Netstat displays active TCP connections, network interfaces, routing tables, and per-protocol statistics. Ifconfig displays network configuration like IP addresses and performs basic network interface configuration. Nslookup queries DNS servers to find information about internet servers. Traceroute tracks the route and measures transit delays of packets across an IP network between two hosts.
The document discusses important show commands for Cisco routers and switches. It provides a cheat sheet of the most useful show commands including show running-config, show version, show ip route, show interfaces, show cdp neighbors, and show clock. Each command is briefly described in terms of the key information it displays about the device, interfaces, configurations, or network.
This document provides an overview of the Android embedded operating system, including its hardware, software ecosystem, and key characteristics and components. It discusses the Android Open Source Project, the layered architecture including the kernel, HAL, system services, and apps. It also covers the build system, filesystem structure, debugging and development tools like ADB and logcat.
The document discusses the TCP/IP protocol suite and its layers - application, transport, internet and link layer. It describes the functionality of each layer and the data encapsulation between layers. It also discusses protocols like TCP, UDP, IP, ICMP and their usage. Network concepts like routers, bridges, classes of networks and sockets are explained along with examples.
The Cisco IP Phone 8800 Key Expansion Module adds extra programmable buttons to the phone. The programmable buttons can be set up as phone speed-dial buttons, or phone feature buttons.
Cisco catalyst 9200 series platform spec, licenses, transition guideIT Tech
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The Cisco Catalyst 9200 Series switches are Cisco’s latest addition to the fixed enterprise switching access platform, and are built for security, resiliency, and programmability.
The 900 ISRs offer easy management and pro-visioning capabilities through Cisco Configuration Professional Express, Cisco DNA Center, and Cisco IOS Software, with full visibility into and control of network configurations and applications.
Hpe pro liant gen9 to gen10 server transition guideIT Tech
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The document summarizes the key features and benefits of HPE ProLiant Gen10 servers. It introduces the new Gen10 servers as offering high performance, security, and flexibility to run demanding applications and workloads. Specific Gen10 server models highlighted include the DL360 and DL380 for compute environments, the ML110 and ML350 for versatility, and the MicroServer for small offices. Key security capabilities of the HPE iLO 5 management tool are also outlined.
Cisco ISR 4461 is the newest number of Cisco 4000 Family Integrated Services Router. Now the Cisco 4000 Family contains the following platforms: the 4461 ISR, 4451 ISR, 4431 ISR, 4351 ISR, 4331 ISR, 4321 ISR and 4221 ISR.
New nexus 400 gigabit ethernet (400 g) switchesIT Tech
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Cisco unveiled new 400 Gigabit Ethernet (400G) switches to help large cloud and data center customers meet modern network challenges of high scale and bandwidth. The new portfolio includes the Nexus 3400 fixed switches and Nexus 9000 switches for Cisco's ACI architecture. The 400G switches bring more than just increased speed, with flexible deployment options and support for features like superfast policy enforcement, packet visibility, smart buffering, and low latency traffic prioritization.
Tested cisco isr 1100 delivers the richest set of wi-fi featuresIT Tech
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Cisco ISR 1000 offers a branch-in-a-box solution with various types of uplink connectivity, multiple Power over Ethernet (PoE) and PoE+ capable Gigabit-Ethernet ports, and built-in Cisco Mobility Express Solution for WLAN access and SD-WAN capability.
Aruba’s modern, programmable switches easily integrate with our industry leading network management solutions, either cloud-based Aruba Central or on premise Aruba AirWave.
Cisco IOS XE opens a completely new paradigm in network configuration, operation, and monitoring through network automation. Cisco’s automation solution is open, standards-based, and extensible across the entire lifecycle of a network device. The various automation mechanisms are outlined here.
Cisco's wireless solutions can be broadly classified into Standalone systems that operate Cisco Aironet Access Points individually and Controller-based systems that centrally manage multiple Cisco Aironet Access Points using a Cisco Wireless Controller. Multiple expansion modes are also supported in Controller-based systems.
Four reasons to consider the all in-one isr 1000IT Tech
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The document discusses the benefits of Cisco's 1000 Series Integrated Services Routers for small and medium-sized businesses. It provides an all-in-one solution for routing, switching, wireless access and security in a single device. Key benefits include advanced wired and wireless connectivity, enterprise-class security features, and the ability to evolve the software-defined WAN over time through centralized management and policies. The 1000 Series offers an affordable way for SMBs to securely connect endpoints, devices and networks.
The difference between yellow and white labeled ports on a nexus 2300 series fexIT Tech
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What is the Difference between Yellow and White Labeled Ports on a Nexus 2300 Series FEX?
The Cisco Nexus 2300 platform provides two types of ports: ports for end-host attachment (host interfaces) and uplink ports (fabric interfaces). Both yellow and white colored fabric interfaces can be used to provide connectivity to the upstream parent Cisco Nexus switch. There is no difference between yellow labeled and white labeled uplink ports.
The Cisco 892F ISRs have an SFP port that supports auto-media-detection, auto-failover, and remote fault indication (RFI), as described in the IEEE 802.3ah specification.
The Nexus 7000 Series switches form the core data center networking fabric. There are multiple chassis options from the Nexus 7000 and Nexus 7700 product family. The Nexus 7000 and the Nexus 7700 switches offer a comprehensive set of features for the data center network.
The document discusses the replacement of legacy Cisco transceiver modules that have reached end-of-sale and end-of-life with newer models. It provides a table listing the legacy modules and their replacement modules. It also discusses the target end-of-sale dates for legacy modules and features of the new modules, including backward compatibility and enhanced monitoring. Finally, it lists and describes the newest Cisco SFP transceiver modules.
Dive into the realm of operating systems (OS) with Pravash Chandra Das, a seasoned Digital Forensic Analyst, as your guide. 🚀 This comprehensive presentation illuminates the core concepts, types, and evolution of OS, essential for understanding modern computing landscapes.
Beginning with the foundational definition, Das clarifies the pivotal role of OS as system software orchestrating hardware resources, software applications, and user interactions. Through succinct descriptions, he delineates the diverse types of OS, from single-user, single-task environments like early MS-DOS iterations, to multi-user, multi-tasking systems exemplified by modern Linux distributions.
Crucial components like the kernel and shell are dissected, highlighting their indispensable functions in resource management and user interface interaction. Das elucidates how the kernel acts as the central nervous system, orchestrating process scheduling, memory allocation, and device management. Meanwhile, the shell serves as the gateway for user commands, bridging the gap between human input and machine execution. đź’»
The narrative then shifts to a captivating exploration of prominent desktop OSs, Windows, macOS, and Linux. Windows, with its globally ubiquitous presence and user-friendly interface, emerges as a cornerstone in personal computing history. macOS, lauded for its sleek design and seamless integration with Apple's ecosystem, stands as a beacon of stability and creativity. Linux, an open-source marvel, offers unparalleled flexibility and security, revolutionizing the computing landscape. 🖥️
Moving to the realm of mobile devices, Das unravels the dominance of Android and iOS. Android's open-source ethos fosters a vibrant ecosystem of customization and innovation, while iOS boasts a seamless user experience and robust security infrastructure. Meanwhile, discontinued platforms like Symbian and Palm OS evoke nostalgia for their pioneering roles in the smartphone revolution.
The journey concludes with a reflection on the ever-evolving landscape of OS, underscored by the emergence of real-time operating systems (RTOS) and the persistent quest for innovation and efficiency. As technology continues to shape our world, understanding the foundations and evolution of operating systems remains paramount. Join Pravash Chandra Das on this illuminating journey through the heart of computing. 🌟
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
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GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
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Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und ĂĽberflĂĽssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
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https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
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How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
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Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
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5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
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Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process MiningLucaBarbaro3
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Presentation of the paper "Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining" given during the CAiSE 2024 Conference in Cyprus on June 7, 2024.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
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This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
1. ASA-PIX/FWSM: Multicast Tips and Common Problems
The purpose of this document is to provide assistance to everyone in configuring and
troubleshooting multicast through the firewall.
This document is meant to be interpreted with the aid of the official documentation
from the configuration guide located here:
ASA:http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/security/asa/asa82/configuration/guide/rou
te_multicast.html
FWSM:http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/security/fwsm/fwsm32/configuration/gui
de/ip_f.html#wp1041648
PIX:http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/security/pix/pix63/configuration/guide/bafw
cfg.html#wp1170913
The Cisco TAC has created another ASA Multicast Troubleshooting and Common
Problems guide and posted it to Cisco.com:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6120/products_tech_note09186a0080b
efd2a.shtml
Support:
ASA supports igmp forwarding, sparse mode, and bidirectional mode. There is no
sparse-dense-mode support. ASA forwards auto-rp packets (unless configured to
not to). ASA itself requires static auto-rpconfig.
Configuring multicast:
Pls. follow this link:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6120/products_configuration_example091
86a00807631d2.shtml
Shared tree and Source specific tree:
I read once that Multicast is like dating service. Sender starts the stream and the DR
on the local LAN registers the sender with the dating service (RP). Reciever sends
IGMP report and the DR on that local LAN segment sends a PIM join towards the RPshared tree. Once the dating service connects the two - sender and receiver, then
they can talk via the shortest path and do not have to go through the dating service shared tree anymore.
Where to add these commands:
igmp join-group:
This command when applied under the interface, sends a join for the group
address. Think of this as a permanent receiver for the group. This comes in handy
when the receivers off of the interface do not send igmp reports in a regular interval.
This command makes the firewall to accept and forward the multicast packets.
Configuring the firewall to join a multicast group causes upstream routers to
2. maintain multicast routing table information for that group and keep the paths for
that group active.
Where to add this command: This command needs to be configured under the
interface config mode facing the receivers.
hostname(config-if)# igmp join-group group-address
igmp static-group:
The firewall does not accept the multicast packets but rather forwards them to the
specified interface. To configure the security appliance to forward the multicast
traffic without being a member of the multicast group, use the igmp static-group
command. When this command is added, the ASA sends out an IGMP report out the
interface sourcing with its IP address on the interface.
Where to add this command: This command needs to be applied under the interface
configfacing the receivers.
hostname(config-if)# igmp static-group group-address
igmp forward interface:
Where to add this command: This command when applied under the interface config
facing the receivers.
This command will forward all the igmp reports received on the interface towards
the interface where the server is located. This command cannot be configured along
with PIM.
hostname(config-if)# igmp forward interface outside
Terminology:
What is a first hop router:
A first hop router is the router that is connected to the source which is responsible
for registering the source with the RP. If there are two routers connected to the same
segment as the source then the one that is the DR (designated router) for that LAN
segment will take care of the registering process. Now, if one of the two is the
firewall and you want the firewall to take care of the registration process because the
RP is on the other side of the firewall then, the firewall should be DR for that LAN
segment.
What is a last hop router?
A last hop router is the one that is connected to the receiver. Again if there are two
or more routers in the LAN connected to the receiver, the router which is the DR is
the one that is resonsible to connect the receiver to the shared tree. If one of the
devices is the firewall then, if we want the firewall to process the igmp reports then
it has to be the DR with a higher priority.
3. OIL:
OIL stands for Outgoing Interface List. OIL is always taken from the (*,G) and copied
as the OIL for the (S,G).
In coming interface and outgoing interface for (*, G):
Incoming interface for the (*, G) is always towards the RP. Outgoing interface is
towards the receiver.
In coming interface and outgoing interface for (S, G):
Incoming interface for (S,G) is always towards the source. Outgoing interface is
towards the receiver.
DR - How to increase the pim priority:
The following example sets the DR (Designated Router) priority for the interface to 5:
hostname(config-if)# pimdr-priority 5
PIM Chart:
(*,G)
(S,G)
When it is
created
By
receipt
of
IGMP
Membership report from
directly-connected Receiver
(host)
Dynamically created when
an (S,G) entry must be
created.
By receipt of (S,G) PIM join
By receipt of Multicast
packet
OIL info
Interface that received
IGMP membership report
Interface that received PIM
(*,G) Join
Manually configured
If none of the above,
"NULL"
Interface that received a
PIM (S,G) join
Cop of (*,G) OIL except
when matching (S,G) IIF
Otherwise "NULL"
RPF info
IP address of next-hop
neighbor
towards
RP
according to unicast routing
table.
If on the RP itself then
"NULL"
IP address of next-hop
neighbor towards the
Multicast Source
If directly connected to
Multicast Source then
0.0.0.0
IIF Info
Interface that leads to RP
according to unicast routing
table
If on the RP itself then
"NULL"
Interface that leads to
Multicast Source according
to unicast routing table.
when (S,G) entry expires
When notified by the IGMP
After 210 sec. if no
multicast packets or PIM
When
entry
this
is
4. deleted?
process that all members
for a group are gone.
By receipt of PIM (*,G)
Prune
message
from
downstream neighbor.
register messages received
from SPT.
When (*,G) entry deleted.
How to interpret the "shmroutex.x.x.x"
Sample 1:
Topology:
Receiver--RP---(INT_SCI/8)ASA(INT_MANDAT/0)--(10.2.112.9)source
Group address: 239.252.1.10
ASA#shmroute 239.252.1.10
Multicast Routing Table
Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group,
C - Connected, L - Local, I - Received Source Specific Host Report,
P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag, T - SPT-bit set,
J - Join SPT
Timers: Uptime/Expires
(10.2.112.9, 239.252.1.10), 00:10:48/00:03:11, flags: SFT
Incoming interface: INT-MANDAT
RPF nbr: 10.2.112.9, Registering
Outgoing interface list:
INT-SCI, Forward, 00:10:48/00:03:29
Tunnel0, Forward, 00:10:48/never
There is no *, G which indicates that the receiver hasn't requested the feed yet. Only
the source has started and the source lives
behind the interface named INT-MANDAT. "F" - is the Register Flag. Meaning the
firewall hasn't seen a register stop message
from the RP yet. The "Tunnel0" interface is a transient state and goes away once the
register stop is received.
RP lives behind the INT-SCI interface.
Sample 2:
RPF neighbor all zeros means that the ASA is the first hop router connected local to
the sender.
When you see the "T" flat you can jump in joy. This mean the shortest path tree has
formed and multicast traffic is being received by the receiver.
Topology:
receiver--(inside)ASA(outside)--sender
ASA#shmroute 230.0.0.10
5. (*, 230.0.0.10), 00:08:20/never, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: SCL (Connected Local LAN)
Incoming interface: Null -----> receiver is directly connected
RPF nbr: 0.0.0.0
Immediate Outgoing interface list: ------> receiver is off of the inside interface
inside, Forward, 00:08:20/never
(10.135.152.47, 230.0.0.10), 00:08:16/00:03:13, flags: SJT (shortest Path Tree - T)
Incoming interface: outside ------> source is on the outside interface.
RPF nbr: 0.0.0.0
Inherited Outgoing interface list:
inside, Forward, 00:08:20/never ------> receiver is off the inside interface.
Sample 3:
Topology:
sender(172.25.1.11)--RP(172.20.50.254)--vlan50--nonpci(0)ASA(0)WLAN--vlan30--Re
ceiver(172.20.30.133)
same security level - 0
Group add 225.4.5.7
ASA#shmroute 225.4.5.7
(*, 225.4.5.7), 01:08:42/never, RP 172.20.50.254, flags: SCLJ
Incoming interface: nonpci ------> (routing table shows intnonpci towards the RP)
RPF nbr: 172.20.50.254
Immediate Outgoing interface list: ------> (receiver is off the interface WLAN)
WLAN, Forward, 01:08:42/never
(172.25.1.11, 225.4.5.7), 00:04:59/00:03:00, flags: SJT
Incoming interface: nonpci ------>(routing table shows intnonpci for the source)
RPF nbr: 172.20.50.254
Inherited Outgoing interface list:
WLAN, Forward, 01:08:42/never------> (receiver is off the interface WLAN)
How to interpret the "shmfibx.x.x.x"
Sample 1:
Topology:
(10.204.125.81)R1-------(10.204.125.85/OUT)***ASA***(IN/172.25.250.11)-R2(172.2
5.250.1)--receiver.
I
-------------|
|
Sender-10.29.95.133 RP-10.29.95.252
6. Group address: 233.49.81.127
Source or source is on the lower security interface and the receiver is on the higher
security interface. It is very important to see the
"F" flag so indicate that the ASA is forwarding multicast traffic.
ASA5520-01# shmfib
Entry Flags: C - Directly Connected, S - Signal, IA - Inherit A flag,
AR - Activity Required, K - Keepalive
Forwarding Counts: Pkt Count/Pkts per second/AvgPkt Size/Kbits per second
Other counts: Total/RPF failed/Other drops
Interface Flags: A - Accept, F - Forward, NS - Negate Signalling
IC - Internal Copy, NP - Not platform switched
SP - Signal Present
Interface Counts: FS Pkt Count/PS Pkt Count
(*,233.49.81.127) Flags: C K
Forwarding: 0/0/0/0, Other: 846486/2/846484
OUT Flags: A NS ----> We are accepting packets on the outside interface
inside Flags: F NS ---> We are forwarding packets to the inside interface.
Pkts: 0/0
(10.29.95.133,233.49.81.127) Flags: K
Forwarding: 1/0/36/0, Other: 0/0/0
OUT Flags: A
inside Flags: F NS
Pkts: 0/1
Sample 2:
Topology:
receiver--(inside)ASA(XETRA)--router--N/W-RP-Source
source: 193.29.93.62
Group address: 224.0.46.0
ASA5520-01# sh conn
UDP XETRA 193.29.93.62:25100 inside 224.0.46.0:55199, idle 0:00:00, bytes
2649468, flags ASA5520-01# shmfib 224.0.46.0 193.29.93.62
Entry Flags: C - Directly Connected, S - Signal, IA - Inherit A flag,
AR - Activity Required, K - Keepalive
7. Forwarding Counts: Pkt Count/Pkts per second/AvgPkt Size/Kbits per second
Other counts: Total/RPF failed/Other drops
Interface Flags: A - Accept, F - Forward, NS - Negate Signalling
IC - Internal Copy, NP - Not platform switched
SP - Signal Present
Interface Counts: FS Pkt Count/PS Pkt Count
(193.29.93.62,224.0.46.0) Flags: K
Forwarding: 18629/10/1295/105, Other: 4716/0/4716
XETRA Flags: A F ---> XETRA interface is where the source is and we Accept packets
from.
Pkts: 0/0
inside Flags: F NS ---> inside interface is where the receiver is where we Forward the
packets to.
Pkts: 1598/2
Common Problems:
Syslog 106010:
Topology:
receiver---(inside)FWSM(outside)---sender (10.11.21.10)
group add: 239.226.16.3
%FWSM-3-106010: Deny inbound udpsrc OUTSIDE:10.11.21.10/1450
DMZ-EMP90:239.226.16.3/30120
dst
With nat-control enabled on the FWSM the above issue can be corrected with the
following:
nat (inside) 0 access-list 101
access-list 101 permit ip host 239.226.16.3 host 10.11.21.10
Think of the above as the source when sends out multicast packets the destination is
the multicast address 239.226.16.3
and is destined towards the inside. Even though no traffic will be sourced from a
multicast address, we just need to provide
translation for the reverse flow from high security to low security.
If this case were an ASA we would see the following in asp drop captures
1. ASA was dropping all the multicast packet for the reason below:
union-asa# sh cap capasp | i 239.0.1.2
38: 12:07:56.782689 10.80.8.38> 239.0.1.2: icmp: echo request Drop-reason:
(no-mcast-intrf)
2. nat 0 with acl was configured on this ASA and it didn't allow exemption for our
8. group 239.0.1.2.
Once I added that flow reached the other ASA2 and we saw *,g as well as s,g
mfib limit (5000) reached:
"shmfib<group-address>" may not show any output. This may due to the fact that
the mfib entries max limit may have been reached. This ENH request CSCtj22365 is
filed so, that when resolved, the FWSM will send a syslog message indicating that the
max mfib entry limit has been reached.
fwsm# shmfib sum
IPv4 MFIB summary:
5000 total entries [4974 (S,G), 23 (*,G), 3 (*,G/m)]
190440 total MFIB interfaces
Failed to locate egress interface:
Oct 23 2010 21:40:44: %ASA-6-110002: Failed to locate egress interface
for UDP from outside:10.135.152.47/1034 to 230.0.0.10/7060
Look for contradicting lines in the config. In this case where does the sender live on
the inside or outside?
static (inside,outside) 10.135.152.47 10.135.152.47 net 255.255.255.255
mroute 10.135.152.47 net 255.255.255.255 outside
In the above case we had to remove the static and "toggle" multicast-routing on the
ASA.
HSRP:
Let us say that the RP is a loop back address configured on a pair of routers running
HSRP. We need to make sure the mroute configured on the firewall points to one of
the physical IP addresses and not the HSRP address. When we issue
"shpimint<name>" , the firewall only forms neighbor relationship with the physical IP
addresses and not the HSRP address. Also, we cannot configure mroute to both the
physical IP addresses. There is no redundancy when it comes to multicast.
Pls. read this link for further explanation:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk828/technologies_tech_note09186a0080094aa
b.shtml
TTL (Time to Live Value) too low or set to 1:
When a router forwards a multicast packet from one interface to another, it
decrements the Time To Live (TTL) value in the IP header by one. The firewall does
not decrement the TTL value in the IP header but, still it will drop the packet if the
TTL is set to 1. It sends the packet only if the resulting TTL value is not zero and is
greater than the multicast TTL threshold value of the outgoing interface when
9. configured. If a multicast application on the source allows the setting of a TTL value
and results in not matching the mentioned criteria, the packets are dropped by the
router. The multicast source needs to set the TTL value as there are number of hops
between the source and the receiver.
Multicast TTL threshold:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/customer/tech/tk828/technologies_tech_note09186a
0080094b55.shtml#ttlsetting
Multicast TTL value too low or set to 1:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/customer/tech/tk828/technologies_tech_note09186a
0080094b55.shtml#ttlthreshold
Multlicast over VPN tunnel:
ASA/PIX will not pass multicast traffic over IPsec VPN tunnels. Only unicast traffic
over VPN tunnel is supported. The alternative option is to use GRE between two
end points on either side of the tunnel and send multicast over GRE and encrypt that
traffic and send it over the tunnel.
FP no mcast output intrf
R1(receiver)--(inside)ASA(outside)---R3(rp/sender)
Group 239.1.1.1
"capturecapasptyps asp-drop all" may show the following:
ASA1# sh cap capasp | i 239.1.1.1
18: 14:52:02.979731 10.7.123.3.64281 > 239.1.1.1.5000: udp 16 Drop-reason:
(no-mcast-intrf) FP no mcast output intrf
Here is the command reference link to shasp-drop:
Name: no-mcast-intrf
FP no mcast output intrf:
All output interfaces have been removed from the multicast entry.
- OR The multicast packet could not be forwarded.
Recommendation:
Verify that there are no longer any receivers for this group.
- OR Verify that a flow exists for this packet.
Syslogs:
None
10. In this case R1 being the receiver was also the DR for that segment so, the ASA did
not do anything with theIGMP reports that it received. In this case making the ASA as
the DR resolved the issue.
Debug pim group x.x.x.x shows Assert processing message wins
Topology:
Group address 239.1.1.247
vlan13 - INSIDE
vlan300 - OUTSIDE
FWSM (10.20.213.1)----vlan 13----FWSM---vlan300--RTR----RP---Sender
(172.16.41.205)
|
Receivers (10.20.213.204)----|
|
ASA(10.20.13.2)----|
IGMP reports from the receivers arrive on the FWSM but, the FWSM doesn't send
PIM join up to the RP. The egress multicast packets do not show the joins due to
CSCsf31515
Debug pim group 239.1.1.247 showed the following:
IPv4 PIM: (172.16.41.205,239.1.1.227)RPT J/P adding Prune on OUTSIDE
IPv4 PIM: (172.16.41.253,239.1.1.227)RPT J/P adding Prune on OUTSIDE
IGMP: Received v2 Report on INSIDE from 10.20.213.201 for 239.1.1.227
IGMP: Updating EXCLUDE group timer for 239.1.1.227
IPv4 PIM: (172.16.41.205,239.1.1.227) Received [15/110] Assert from 10.20.13.2 on
INSIDE
IPv4 PIM: (172.16.41.205,239.1.1.227) Assert processing message wins
IPv4 PIM: (172.16.41.205,239.1.1.227) INSIDE Update assert timer (winner
10.20.13.2)
FWSM (backup site)
ASA (production site)
FWSM and ASA though configured to be on the same vlan, were not supposed to see
each other. The problem is that the FWSM saw the presence of the ASA but the ASA
didn't see the presence of the FWSM. FWSM was DR on VLAN 13 and the ASA was
DR (since it did not see the FWSM) as well. Both tried to process multicast packets
and ended in a race condition and the Assert messages and winner indicated that.
Troubleshooting commands:
On the Firewall:
shpim neighbor
shigmp interface
11. shigmp traffic
shmroutex.x.x.x
shmfibx.x.x.x
debugpim group x.x.x.x
debugigmp group x.x.x.x
On the Router:
shippim interface
shipmroutex.x.x.x
shipigmp group
debugippim
---Doc Reference from https://supportforums.cisco.com/docs/DOC-12943
More Cisco and Networking Tips you can visit:
http://blog.router-switch.com/category/networking-2/