As atoms become larger, there are more electrons which can move around and set
up the temporary dipoles which create intermolecular attractions. Since iodine atoms are large
(they contain a large number of electrons), they are more polarizable and therefore have stronger
intermolecular forces (London dispersion forces) between iodine molecules. The stronger
intermolecular attractions, as the molecules become larger, means that you have to supply more
heat energy to turn them into either a liquid or a gas - and so their melting and boiling points rise.
The intermolecular forces between iodine atoms/iodine molecules (I2) is great enough to keep it
solid at room temp.
Solution
As atoms become larger, there are more electrons which can move around and set
up the temporary dipoles which create intermolecular attractions. Since iodine atoms are large
(they contain a large number of electrons), they are more polarizable and therefore have stronger
intermolecular forces (London dispersion forces) between iodine molecules. The stronger
intermolecular attractions, as the molecules become larger, means that you have to supply more
heat energy to turn them into either a liquid or a gas - and so their melting and boiling points rise.
The intermolecular forces between iodine atoms/iodine molecules (I2) is great enough to keep it
solid at room temp..
Introduces the concept of covalent bonding with macro-molecules and simple covalent molecules.
Next, it covers inter-molecular attraction but explaining how temporary dipoles form
Finally, heating and cooling curves together with an explanation for how energy is absorbed or given out during boiling or freezing
The Kinetic Molecular Model and Intermolecular Forces of Attraction in Matter is one of the important topic in Grade 12, General Chemistry 2 subject. In here, it includes topics that discusses theory of solids and liquids, the different intermolecular and intramolecular forces such as covalent and ionic bonds, dipole- dipole, hydrogen bonds, london dispersion,
Introduces the concept of covalent bonding with macro-molecules and simple covalent molecules.
Next, it covers inter-molecular attraction but explaining how temporary dipoles form
Finally, heating and cooling curves together with an explanation for how energy is absorbed or given out during boiling or freezing
The Kinetic Molecular Model and Intermolecular Forces of Attraction in Matter is one of the important topic in Grade 12, General Chemistry 2 subject. In here, it includes topics that discusses theory of solids and liquids, the different intermolecular and intramolecular forces such as covalent and ionic bonds, dipole- dipole, hydrogen bonds, london dispersion,
Applied science./cosmetic dentistry course by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
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Structure of matter/cosmetic dentistry course by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Structure of matter/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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Ionic Compounds Think of an ionic compound as a .pdfanupamfootwear
Ionic Compounds: Think of an ionic compound as a sea of ions. All these ions are
carefully arranged in some sort of 3D pattern with positive and negative ions in specific locations
in the pattern. Take common table salt, Sodium Chloride, as an example. In Sodium Chloride,
there aren\'t specific NaCl molecules, but a mix of Na+ ions and Cl- ions. Each Na+ ion is
surrounded by Cl- ions, and each Cl- ion is surrounded by Na+ ions. The whole structure is held
together by the attraction between the positive and negative ions. Molecular Substances: A
molecule is a group of atoms which are sharing electrons with one another through covalent
bonds. Because the sharing results in a lower energy state, the atoms are more stable together
than alone. When a sample of a molecular substance is looked at, say water (H2O), within the
substance each molecule is being attracted to other molecules. These attractive forces are called
intermolecular forces and they are much weaker than covalent bonds or ionic bonds. For a
substance to melt and then boil, the forces which hold the substance together must be broken.
When water boils, the intermolecular forces between H2O molecules are broken and the
molecules separate from one another. (Note that the covalent bonds are NOT broken, the gas is
still made up of H2O molecules, they\'re just not \"sticking\" to one another anymore.) As you
can imagine, the ionic forces holding an ionic compound together are MUCH stronger than the
intermolecular forces holding a molecular substance together. A lot more energy is required to
break the ionic bonds. So, ionic substances melt at very high temperatures and boil at even
higher temperatures.
Solution
Ionic Compounds: Think of an ionic compound as a sea of ions. All these ions are
carefully arranged in some sort of 3D pattern with positive and negative ions in specific locations
in the pattern. Take common table salt, Sodium Chloride, as an example. In Sodium Chloride,
there aren\'t specific NaCl molecules, but a mix of Na+ ions and Cl- ions. Each Na+ ion is
surrounded by Cl- ions, and each Cl- ion is surrounded by Na+ ions. The whole structure is held
together by the attraction between the positive and negative ions. Molecular Substances: A
molecule is a group of atoms which are sharing electrons with one another through covalent
bonds. Because the sharing results in a lower energy state, the atoms are more stable together
than alone. When a sample of a molecular substance is looked at, say water (H2O), within the
substance each molecule is being attracted to other molecules. These attractive forces are called
intermolecular forces and they are much weaker than covalent bonds or ionic bonds. For a
substance to melt and then boil, the forces which hold the substance together must be broken.
When water boils, the intermolecular forces between H2O molecules are broken and the
molecules separate from one another. (Note that the covalent bonds are NOT broken, the gas is
still made u.
We will be going over information for Exam 2. Talking a lot about naming of compounds and learning electron domain geometries with molecular geometries.
there is no picture figure of the compound provi.pdfannamalaiagencies
there is no picture /figure of the compound provided..can you provide a figure?
otherwise it is impossible to answer , without knowing the compound
Solution
there is no picture /figure of the compound provided..can you provide a figure?
otherwise it is impossible to answer , without knowing the compound.
More Related Content
Similar to As atoms become larger, there are more electrons .pdf
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Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Structure of matter/cosmetic dentistry course by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Structure of matter/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Ionic Compounds Think of an ionic compound as a .pdfanupamfootwear
Ionic Compounds: Think of an ionic compound as a sea of ions. All these ions are
carefully arranged in some sort of 3D pattern with positive and negative ions in specific locations
in the pattern. Take common table salt, Sodium Chloride, as an example. In Sodium Chloride,
there aren\'t specific NaCl molecules, but a mix of Na+ ions and Cl- ions. Each Na+ ion is
surrounded by Cl- ions, and each Cl- ion is surrounded by Na+ ions. The whole structure is held
together by the attraction between the positive and negative ions. Molecular Substances: A
molecule is a group of atoms which are sharing electrons with one another through covalent
bonds. Because the sharing results in a lower energy state, the atoms are more stable together
than alone. When a sample of a molecular substance is looked at, say water (H2O), within the
substance each molecule is being attracted to other molecules. These attractive forces are called
intermolecular forces and they are much weaker than covalent bonds or ionic bonds. For a
substance to melt and then boil, the forces which hold the substance together must be broken.
When water boils, the intermolecular forces between H2O molecules are broken and the
molecules separate from one another. (Note that the covalent bonds are NOT broken, the gas is
still made up of H2O molecules, they\'re just not \"sticking\" to one another anymore.) As you
can imagine, the ionic forces holding an ionic compound together are MUCH stronger than the
intermolecular forces holding a molecular substance together. A lot more energy is required to
break the ionic bonds. So, ionic substances melt at very high temperatures and boil at even
higher temperatures.
Solution
Ionic Compounds: Think of an ionic compound as a sea of ions. All these ions are
carefully arranged in some sort of 3D pattern with positive and negative ions in specific locations
in the pattern. Take common table salt, Sodium Chloride, as an example. In Sodium Chloride,
there aren\'t specific NaCl molecules, but a mix of Na+ ions and Cl- ions. Each Na+ ion is
surrounded by Cl- ions, and each Cl- ion is surrounded by Na+ ions. The whole structure is held
together by the attraction between the positive and negative ions. Molecular Substances: A
molecule is a group of atoms which are sharing electrons with one another through covalent
bonds. Because the sharing results in a lower energy state, the atoms are more stable together
than alone. When a sample of a molecular substance is looked at, say water (H2O), within the
substance each molecule is being attracted to other molecules. These attractive forces are called
intermolecular forces and they are much weaker than covalent bonds or ionic bonds. For a
substance to melt and then boil, the forces which hold the substance together must be broken.
When water boils, the intermolecular forces between H2O molecules are broken and the
molecules separate from one another. (Note that the covalent bonds are NOT broken, the gas is
still made u.
We will be going over information for Exam 2. Talking a lot about naming of compounds and learning electron domain geometries with molecular geometries.
there is no picture figure of the compound provi.pdfannamalaiagencies
there is no picture /figure of the compound provided..can you provide a figure?
otherwise it is impossible to answer , without knowing the compound
Solution
there is no picture /figure of the compound provided..can you provide a figure?
otherwise it is impossible to answer , without knowing the compound.
nvm i got it. Nickel nitrate will split when goin.pdfannamalaiagencies
nvm i got it. Nickel nitrate will split when going into the aqueous solution, hence
there will be more reactants Ni^2+ ... so it will shift right.
Solution
nvm i got it. Nickel nitrate will split when going into the aqueous solution, hence
there will be more reactants Ni^2+ ... so it will shift right..
Which of the following are true when comparing TCPIP to the OSI Ref.pdfannamalaiagencies
Which of the following are true when comparing TCP/IP to the OSI Reference Model? (Choose
two.)
B. The TCP/IP model has four layers, while the OSI model has seven layers.
C. The TCP/IP Application layer maps to the Application, Session, and Presentation layers of the
OSI Reference Model.
Solution
Which of the following are true when comparing TCP/IP to the OSI Reference Model? (Choose
two.)
B. The TCP/IP model has four layers, while the OSI model has seven layers.
C. The TCP/IP Application layer maps to the Application, Session, and Presentation layers of the
OSI Reference Model..
massMass is the property which reflects the quan.pdfannamalaiagencies
mass:Mass is the property which reflects the quantity of matter within a sample
matter:Matter occurs in four states: solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. Often the state of matter of
a substance may be changed by adding or removing heat energy from it. For example, the
addition of heat can melt ice into liquid water and turn water into steam. Atom : An atom is the
defining structure of an element, which cannot be broken by any chemical means. A typical atom
consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons with electrons circling this nucleus. element: A
chemical element, or an element, is a material which cannot be broken down or changed into
another substance using chemical means. Elements may be thought of as the basic chemical
building blocks of matter. Depending on how much evidence you require to prove a new element
has been created, there are 117 or 118 known elements.
Solution
mass:Mass is the property which reflects the quantity of matter within a sample
matter:Matter occurs in four states: solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. Often the state of matter of
a substance may be changed by adding or removing heat energy from it. For example, the
addition of heat can melt ice into liquid water and turn water into steam. Atom : An atom is the
defining structure of an element, which cannot be broken by any chemical means. A typical atom
consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons with electrons circling this nucleus. element: A
chemical element, or an element, is a material which cannot be broken down or changed into
another substance using chemical means. Elements may be thought of as the basic chemical
building blocks of matter. Depending on how much evidence you require to prove a new element
has been created, there are 117 or 118 known elements..
The lyric solvers in MATLAB® solve these styles of first-order ODEs.pdfannamalaiagencies
The lyric solvers in MATLAB® solve these styles of first-order ODEs:
Explicit ODEs of the shape y\'=f(t,y).
Linearly implicit ODEs of the shape M(t,y)y\'=f(t,y), where M(t,y) may be a nonsingular mass
matrix. The mass matrix will be time- or state-dependent, or it will be a relentless matrix.
Linearly implicit ODEs involve linear mixtures of the primary by-product of y, that ar encoded
within the mass matrix.
Linearly implicit ODEs will invariably be remodeled to a precise kind, y\'=M
1
(t,y)f(t,y). However, specifying the mass matrix on to the lyric problem solver avoids this
transformation, that is inconvenient and might be computationally costly.
If some parts of y\' ar missing, then the equations ar known as differential algebraical equations,
or DAEs, and also the system of DAEs contains some algebraical variables. algebraical variables
ar dependent variables whose derivatives don\'t seem within the equations. A system of DAEs
will be rewritten as constant system of first-order ODEs by taking derivatives of the equations to
eliminate the algebraical variables. the quantity of derivatives required to rewrite a DAE as
associate degree lyric is termed the differential index. The ode15s and ode23t solvers will solve
index-1 DAEs.
Fully implicit ODEs of the shape f(t,y,y\')=0. absolutely implicit ODEs can\'t be rewritten in a
precise kind, and may also contain some algebraical variables. The ode15i problem solver is
intended for absolutely implicit issues, together with index-1 DAEs.
You can offer extra info to the problem solver for a few styles of issues by victimization the
odeset operate to form associate degree choices structure.
Systems of ODEs
You can specify any range of coupled lyric equations to unravel, and in essence the quantity of
equations is simply restricted by on the market store. If the system of equations has n equations,
y\'
1
y\'
2
y\'
n
=
f
1
(t,y
1
,y
2
,...,y
n
)
f
2
(t,y
1
,y
2
,...,y
n
)
f
n
(t,y
1
,y
2
,...,y
n
)
,
then the operate that encodes the equations returns a vector with n components, appreciate the
values for y\'
1
, y\'
2
, … , y\'
n
. for instance, think about the system of 2 equations
{
y\'
1
=y
2
y\'
2
=y
1
y
2
2 .
A operate that encodes these equations is
function atomic number 66 = myODE(t,y)
dy(1) = y(2);
dy(2) = y(1)*y(2)-2;
Higher-Order ODEs
The MATLAB lyric solvers solely solve first-order equations. you need to rewrite higher-order
ODEs as constant system of first-order equations victimization the generic substitutions
y
1
=y
y
2
=y\'
y
3
=y\'\'
y
n
=y
(n1)
.
The results of these substitutions may be a system of n first-order equations
y\'
1
=y
2
y\'
2
=y
3
y\'
n
=f(t,y
1
,y
2
,...,y
n
).
For example, think about the third-order lyric
y\'\'\'y\'\'y+1=0.
Using the substitutions
y
1
=y
y
2
=y\'
y
3
=y\'\'
results in the equivalent first-order system
y\'
1
=y
2
y\'
2
=y
3
y\'
3
=y
1
y
3
1.
The code for this technique of equations is then
function dydt = f(t,y)
dydt(1) = y(2);
dydt(2) = y(3);
dydt(.
The most important criteria when a company is considering a supplier.pdfannamalaiagencies
The most important criteria when a company is considering a supplier as a potential collaborator
in new-product development is the quality, cost, innovation, and delivery. Quality is the most
important criteria which is to be used. Poor quality of supplier has negative impact on the
customer and
Following criteria when determining whether or not a supplier is a good fit for product
development:
These may include issues such as the supplier\'s:
Supplier design and engineering capability. Without this, we do not accept a supplier for new
development.
Willingness to be involved in the design effort. We need collaboration at this stage with the
suppliers.
Ability to meet the schedule for the development effort.
Research and development capability and technology leadership.
Willingness to share cost and technology information. This is not the most important criteria but
we do take it into account.
Cultural compatibility with the buying company.
Willingness to co-locate design/engineering personnel.
Solution
The most important criteria when a company is considering a supplier as a potential collaborator
in new-product development is the quality, cost, innovation, and delivery. Quality is the most
important criteria which is to be used. Poor quality of supplier has negative impact on the
customer and
Following criteria when determining whether or not a supplier is a good fit for product
development:
These may include issues such as the supplier\'s:
Supplier design and engineering capability. Without this, we do not accept a supplier for new
development.
Willingness to be involved in the design effort. We need collaboration at this stage with the
suppliers.
Ability to meet the schedule for the development effort.
Research and development capability and technology leadership.
Willingness to share cost and technology information. This is not the most important criteria but
we do take it into account.
Cultural compatibility with the buying company.
Willingness to co-locate design/engineering personnel..
The three safety measures that are critical to WLANS are as below..pdfannamalaiagencies
The three safety measures that are critical to WLANS are as below.
1.Virtual private networks: It giuves escurity by generating an translated tunnel with the popular
internet that sheilds data from unauthorised acess.it translates relationship at both at sending and
receiving end.Iit enables a high level of belief with the help of a quality security apparatus.
2.control broadcast area :Acess point is having a facility that permits to regulate the strength of
singal and direction of signal.
.For this reason abroad from windows as much as feasible steering the signal direction is very
much secured in wireless LAN .
3.Encrypt network traffic: wireless encrypted protocol(WEP) security gives many kinds of
translated communication between client and Aces point
It preserves with communucation away with tempering,evesdropping .the invisible key is
preloved to translate the packets ahead which conveys to establish the packets are not altered in
transit.
Solution
The three safety measures that are critical to WLANS are as below.
1.Virtual private networks: It giuves escurity by generating an translated tunnel with the popular
internet that sheilds data from unauthorised acess.it translates relationship at both at sending and
receiving end.Iit enables a high level of belief with the help of a quality security apparatus.
2.control broadcast area :Acess point is having a facility that permits to regulate the strength of
singal and direction of signal.
.For this reason abroad from windows as much as feasible steering the signal direction is very
much secured in wireless LAN .
3.Encrypt network traffic: wireless encrypted protocol(WEP) security gives many kinds of
translated communication between client and Aces point
It preserves with communucation away with tempering,evesdropping .the invisible key is
preloved to translate the packets ahead which conveys to establish the packets are not altered in
transit..
The data structures that are associated with system call areThe op.pdfannamalaiagencies
The data structures that are associated with system call are
The open table: it contains entries for every open file in the system.
process table: which contains one file that is used as data structures
and other type of data structures like buffer cache, inodes, process control . are also used which
are associated with the system calls.
Solution
The data structures that are associated with system call are
The open table: it contains entries for every open file in the system.
process table: which contains one file that is used as data structures
and other type of data structures like buffer cache, inodes, process control . are also used which
are associated with the system calls..
it is non linear order is 2 please repost the que.pdfannamalaiagencies
it is non linear order is 2 please repost the question it is not in a proper manner y=
(d^2y/dt^2) + sin (t +y) = sin t
Solution
it is non linear order is 2 please repost the question it is not in a proper manner y=
(d^2y/dt^2) + sin (t +y) = sin t.
Note according to our guidelines we have to answer for one question.pdfannamalaiagencies
Note: according to our guidelines we have to answer for one question only
Solution
Note: according to our guidelines we have to answer for one question only.
Live LoadsLive Load vs Dead LoadLive loads are consists of occup.pdfannamalaiagencies
Live Loads
Live Load vs Dead Load
Live loads are consists of occupancy loads in buildings and traffic loads on bridges. They may be
fully or partially in place or not present at all and may change its location. Human, chair, table,
computer, bed, furniture etc are live loads. Live loads may change its present location as they are
not lifetime part of a structure. So, in structural design live loads are provided a larger safety
factor than the others. The minimum uniformly distributed live loads for a residential building is
40 psf and for a office 50 psf(per square feet).
Dead Loads
Dead loads are those that are constant in magnitude and fixed in location through out the lifetime
of the structure. Usually the major part of the dead load is the self weight of the structure. The
dead load can be calculated accurately from the design configuration, dimension of the structure
and density of the material. The loads of the beams, columns, foundations, slabs etc are the dead
loads of a structure. Also, Dead Loads are not limited to walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, stairways,
built-in partitions, finishes, cladding and other similarly incorporated architectural and structural
items, and fixed services equipment, including the weight of cranes. All dead loads are
considered permanent loads.
The major difference between live loads and dead loads is:
HEEL BLOCK:
This is the term used in railway design. Heel blocks are the blocks inserted between the heel of
the stock rail and tongue rail. Used to provide clear gap for the wheel flange. These refers to the
cast iron block to which tongue rail and lead rail are bolted to their respective stock rail. This
block keeps the switch rail at the specific distance from the respective stock railand also enables
side ways movement of the switch rail.
RAKER:
A long-handled implement with a row of projecting teeth at its head, used especially to gather
leaves or to loosen or smooth earth
Difference between Heel block and Raker:
A heel block is a concrete block which supports a raker which in turn supports a temporary wall.
Where the excavation is too wide, sloping rakers are used in-stead, bearing against heel blocks or
other temporary footings.
Solution
Live Loads
Live Load vs Dead Load
Live loads are consists of occupancy loads in buildings and traffic loads on bridges. They may be
fully or partially in place or not present at all and may change its location. Human, chair, table,
computer, bed, furniture etc are live loads. Live loads may change its present location as they are
not lifetime part of a structure. So, in structural design live loads are provided a larger safety
factor than the others. The minimum uniformly distributed live loads for a residential building is
40 psf and for a office 50 psf(per square feet).
Dead Loads
Dead loads are those that are constant in magnitude and fixed in location through out the lifetime
of the structure. Usually the major part of the dead load is the self weight of the struc.
In our fingers, tendons are present. Tendons are bone-muscle attachm.pdfannamalaiagencies
In our fingers, tendons are present. Tendons are bone-muscle attachments present in the entire
body. Tendons of the finger join bones of finger to muscles of finger and forearm. Radial nerves
and ulnar nerves provide stimulus to the tendons of the finger for movement.
The radial nerve provides stimulus to anterior side of thumb, index finger and half of middle
finger. On the other hand, ulnar nerve provides stimulus to the palm side of little finger and half
of ring finger. Both these nerves interconnect to provide stimulus to the entire hand. So,
movement of index finger, thumb and little finger is independent.
But the movement of ring finger is not independent. Ring finger gets stimulus when either of the
nearby nerves get stimulus. Therefore, in the above case ring finger cannot move.
Solution
In our fingers, tendons are present. Tendons are bone-muscle attachments present in the entire
body. Tendons of the finger join bones of finger to muscles of finger and forearm. Radial nerves
and ulnar nerves provide stimulus to the tendons of the finger for movement.
The radial nerve provides stimulus to anterior side of thumb, index finger and half of middle
finger. On the other hand, ulnar nerve provides stimulus to the palm side of little finger and half
of ring finger. Both these nerves interconnect to provide stimulus to the entire hand. So,
movement of index finger, thumb and little finger is independent.
But the movement of ring finger is not independent. Ring finger gets stimulus when either of the
nearby nerves get stimulus. Therefore, in the above case ring finger cannot move..
D. orientation note ml decides the orientation .pdfannamalaiagencies
D. orientation note: ml decides the orientation of the subshell such as px, py, pz.
Solution
D. orientation note: ml decides the orientation of the subshell such as px, py, pz..
i) Experiment is carried out to test whether B. cereus or soil bacte.pdfannamalaiagencies
i) Experiment is carried out to test whether B. cereus or soil bacteria causing the denitrification.
To carry out the experiment two test tubes with nutrient broth containing KNO3 are taken.
Durham tubes are placed in both test tubes. In one tube B. cereus is inoculated and in other tube,
soil suspension is inoculated. Both the tubes are incubated and then observed for denitrification.
Denitrification is a 2 step process. In first step, nitrate is reduced to nitrite by enzyme nitrate
reductase. Nitrite produced reacts with chemicals producing red color. In the second step, nitrite
is reduced to liberate N2 gas by the activity of nitrite reductase enzyme. The gas bubble is
formed in the Durham tube. The bacteria are checked for producing either one or both enzymes.
If a bacterium is producing both enzymes, then gas bubble appears in Durhan tube. If onle one
enzyme is produced, then red color precipitate is produced. By this, it is evident that
denitrification is carried out by B. cereus or soil bacteria.
ii) When there is excess nitrogen in the soil, it is accumulated and leached off into surface and
ground waters. Consumption of water containing high nitrogen levels result in blue - baby
syndrome in human infants. Excess nitrogen is toxic to the aquatic animals like amphibians and
also toxic to pants and vegetation. Excess nitrogen in vegetation may cause potential health
hazards in farm animals and livestock that feed on them.
Solution
i) Experiment is carried out to test whether B. cereus or soil bacteria causing the denitrification.
To carry out the experiment two test tubes with nutrient broth containing KNO3 are taken.
Durham tubes are placed in both test tubes. In one tube B. cereus is inoculated and in other tube,
soil suspension is inoculated. Both the tubes are incubated and then observed for denitrification.
Denitrification is a 2 step process. In first step, nitrate is reduced to nitrite by enzyme nitrate
reductase. Nitrite produced reacts with chemicals producing red color. In the second step, nitrite
is reduced to liberate N2 gas by the activity of nitrite reductase enzyme. The gas bubble is
formed in the Durham tube. The bacteria are checked for producing either one or both enzymes.
If a bacterium is producing both enzymes, then gas bubble appears in Durhan tube. If onle one
enzyme is produced, then red color precipitate is produced. By this, it is evident that
denitrification is carried out by B. cereus or soil bacteria.
ii) When there is excess nitrogen in the soil, it is accumulated and leached off into surface and
ground waters. Consumption of water containing high nitrogen levels result in blue - baby
syndrome in human infants. Excess nitrogen is toxic to the aquatic animals like amphibians and
also toxic to pants and vegetation. Excess nitrogen in vegetation may cause potential health
hazards in farm animals and livestock that feed on them..
Big Data in Healthcare Made Simple Where It Stands Today and Where .pdfannamalaiagencies
Big Data in Healthcare Made Simple: Where It Stands Today and Where It’s Going
This piece will tackle such questions head-on. It’s important to separate the reality from the hype
and clearly describe the place of big data in healthcare today, along with the role it will play in
the future.
Big Data in Healthcare Today
A number of use cases in healthcare are well suited for a big data solution. Some academic- or
research-focused healthcare institutions are either experimenting with big data or using it in
advanced research projects. Those institutions draw upon data scientists, statisticians, graduate
students, and the like to wrangle the complexities of big data. In the following sections, we’ll
address some of those complexities and what’s being done to simplify big data and make it more
accessible.
A Brief History of Big Data in Healthcare
In 2001, Doug Laney, now at Gartner, coined the term “the 3 V’s” to define big data–Volume,
Velocity, and Variety. Other analysts have argued that this is too simplistic, and there are more
things to think about when defining big data. They suggest more V’s such as Variability and
Veracity, and even a C for Complexity. We’ll stick with the simpler 3 V’s definition for this
piece.
In healthcare, we do have large volumes of data coming in. EMRs alone collect huge amounts of
data. Most of that data iscollected for recreational purposes according to Brent James of
Intermountain Healthcare. But neither the volume nor the velocity of data in healthcare is truly
high enough to require big data today. Our work with health systems shows that only a small
fraction of the tables in an EMR database (perhaps 400 to 600 tables out of 1000s) are relevant to
the current practice of medicine and its corresponding analytics use cases. So, the vast majority
of the data collection in healthcare today could be considered recreational. Although that data
may have value down the road as the number of use cases expands, there aren’t many real use
cases for much of that data today.
There is certainly variety in the data, but most systems collect very similar data objects with an
occasional tweak to the model. That said, new use cases supporting genomics will certainly
require a big data approach.
Health Systems Without Big Data
Most health systems can do plenty today without big data, including meeting most of their
analytics and reporting needs. We haven’t even come close to stretching the limits of what
healthcare analytics can accomplish with traditional relational databases—and using these
databases effectively is a more valuable focus than worrying about big data.
Currently, the majority of healthcare institutions are swamped with some very pedestrian
problems such as regulatory reporting and operational dashboards. Most just need the proverbial
“air and water” right now, but once basic needs are met and some of the initial advanced
applications are in place, new use cases will arrive (e.g. wearable medical devices and senso.
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As atoms become larger, there are more electrons .pdf
1. As atoms become larger, there are more electrons which can move around and set
up the temporary dipoles which create intermolecular attractions. Since iodine atoms are large
(they contain a large number of electrons), they are more polarizable and therefore have stronger
intermolecular forces (London dispersion forces) between iodine molecules. The stronger
intermolecular attractions, as the molecules become larger, means that you have to supply more
heat energy to turn them into either a liquid or a gas - and so their melting and boiling points rise.
The intermolecular forces between iodine atoms/iodine molecules (I2) is great enough to keep it
solid at room temp.
Solution
As atoms become larger, there are more electrons which can move around and set
up the temporary dipoles which create intermolecular attractions. Since iodine atoms are large
(they contain a large number of electrons), they are more polarizable and therefore have stronger
intermolecular forces (London dispersion forces) between iodine molecules. The stronger
intermolecular attractions, as the molecules become larger, means that you have to supply more
heat energy to turn them into either a liquid or a gas - and so their melting and boiling points rise.
The intermolecular forces between iodine atoms/iodine molecules (I2) is great enough to keep it
solid at room temp.
