Artificial total hip_replacement[1] (1)

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Artificial total hip replacement involves replacing damaged or diseased hip joints with prosthetic materials. Biomedical engineering aims to improve human health through engineering techniques applied to biology and medicine. The human hip joint is made of bone, cartilage, and ligaments that allow movement, but can fracture or degrade. A total hip replacement involves removing the damaged bone and cartilage and replacing it with prosthetic components, including a stem inserted into the femur, a ball attached to the stem, and a plastic or metal socket in the pelvis. Choosing the right materials is important as replacements must withstand forces, match bones' properties, and be durable without toxicity for 15-25 years. Wear or improper material selection can cause replacements to fail before

Artificial Total Hip Replacement Arthur Hernaez Materials Engineering Mission College - Spring 2011

Overview Biomedical Engineering The human body Understanding Artificial total hip replacement Choosing materials and causes of failure Conclusion What is Biomedical engineering? Why learn about it?

Biomedical Engineering “Biomedical engineering blends traditional engineering techniques with biological sciences and medicine to improve the quality of human health and life” -UConn BME website Fig 1. Fig 2.

$Common fracture location$

The Human Body Constant body temperature 98.6°F or 37°C Bone and muscle anisotropic Body fluids – corrosive to metals 1 wt% NaClaOther components Muscles transfer forces Fig 5.

The Human Body III Biocompatible to foreign objects Location chemistry shape Apriori vs. priori testing Fig 5.

The Human Body II Fig 6. ,[object Object]

Composite of protein collagen and brittle hydroxyapatite

Anisotropic compositeThese are some typical values: CorticalCancellous Stiffness (E, GPa) 17 0.1-2 Strength (UTS, MPa) 150 2-20 Strength (Yield point, MPa) 100 - Strain to failure (%) 1.5 2.5 Fig 7.

The Human Body III Fig 7. perpendicular parallel

Hip Joint replacement II 1.) Ball attached to stem 2.) Femoral Stem 3.) Acetabular cup 4.) Fixing agent Callister 4 3

Fixing agent Poly(methyl methacrylate) acrylic (PMMA) Thermoplastic Reaction: PMMA powder mixed with Liquid methyl methacrylate (wik) Callister +

Femoral stem Callister Yield strength > 500 Mpa TS > 650 Mpa %EL > 8% Corrosion rate < .01 mil per year Fatigue Strength: 400 Mpa at 10^7 cycles Avg person per year: 10^6

Ball attached to stem Ceramic: polycrystalline aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide Good hardness but brittle Attached to femoral stem

Acetabular cup Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene -Excellent wear and tear resistance -Low coefficient of friction -Inert

Hip joint replacement overview Callister 1.) Density 2.) Properties 3.) Reproducibility 4.) Cost Life span 15-25 years

Choosing Materials Callister Femoral Stem They all meet Minimal requirements

People may suffer from hip problems, their age notwithstanding. Thus, hip replacement surgery was developed.As reported by the Bloomberg, US Democrats are pushing for policy blocking the distribution of medical devices that have safety problems. They talked about untoward incidents brought about by medical products of Johnson & Johnson. Design problems with metal-on-metal hip implants may have caused the metal components of the DePuy device to rub against each other and shed microscopic metal particles into the body. Read more here about Depuy Settlements at this website: www.depuysettlements.com

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Among the symptoms of flawed hip devices are pain on the hip area, pain on the thigh or groin area, pain while walking, pain when rising from a seated position, pain bearing weight and swelling. Legal observers say that the DePuy hip replacement lawsuit should be a learning example to other manufacturing companies to ensure safety of their products. For more inputs just visit here at this webiste: www.depuysettlements.com

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Total hip replacement involves replacing the ball and socket joints of the hip with prosthetic components. The procedure involves removing the damaged femoral head and reaming the acetabulum. A metal shell is placed in the acetabulum and a stem with a replacement femoral head is inserted into the femur. Exercises after surgery are important for restoring hip mobility and strength. Complications can include blood clots, infection, and dislocation but improvements in technique and technology have increased the effectiveness of hip replacements.

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Artificial total hip_replacement[1] (1)

1. Artificial Total Hip Replacement Arthur Hernaez Materials Engineering Mission College - Spring 2011

2. Overview Biomedical Engineering The human body Understanding Artificial total hip replacement Choosing materials and causes of failure Conclusion What is Biomedical engineering? Why learn about it?

3. Biomedical Engineering “Biomedical engineering blends traditional engineering techniques with biological sciences and medicine to improve the quality of human health and life” -UConn BME website Fig 1. Fig 2.

5. Minimal protection of hip joint

6. Common fracture location

7. Replacement requiredFig 4.

8. The Human Body Constant body temperature 98.6°F or 37°C Bone and muscle anisotropic Body fluids – corrosive to metals 1 wt% NaClaOther components Muscles transfer forces Fig 5.

9. The Human Body III Biocompatible to foreign objects Location chemistry shape Apriori vs. priori testing Fig 5.

10.

11. Composite of protein collagen and brittle hydroxyapatite

12. Anisotropic compositeThese are some typical values: CorticalCancellous Stiffness (E, GPa) 17 0.1-2 Strength (UTS, MPa) 150 2-20 Strength (Yield point, MPa) 100 - Strain to failure (%) 1.5 2.5 Fig 7.

13. The Human Body III Fig 7. perpendicular parallel

14. Hip joint replacement Fig 8. Fig 9

15. Hip Joint replacement II 1.) Ball attached to stem 2.) Femoral Stem 3.) Acetabular cup 4.) Fixing agent Callister 4 3

16. Fixing agent Poly(methyl methacrylate) acrylic (PMMA) Thermoplastic Reaction: PMMA powder mixed with Liquid methyl methacrylate (wik) Callister +

17. Femoral stem Callister Yield strength > 500 Mpa TS > 650 Mpa %EL > 8% Corrosion rate < .01 mil per year Fatigue Strength: 400 Mpa at 10^7 cycles Avg person per year: 10^6

18. Ball attached to stem Ceramic: polycrystalline aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide Good hardness but brittle Attached to femoral stem

19. Acetabular cup Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene -Excellent wear and tear resistance -Low coefficient of friction -Inert

20. Hip joint replacement overview Callister 1.) Density 2.) Properties 3.) Reproducibility 4.) Cost Life span 15-25 years

21. Choosing Materials Callister Femoral Stem They all meet Minimal requirements

22. Choosing Materials Femoral Stem alloys: 316L stainless steel – best corrosive rate Co-28Cr-6Mo – best Modulus Ti-6Al-4V – best biocompatibility Reasons for different materials – people vary

23. Failure

24. Failure II Other causes Sharp edges Fatigue strength Not biocompatible

25. Conclusion Make use of all type of materials and their properties Ethical testing for biocompatibility with animals

26. Citations Bionic arm http://www.impactlab.net/2006/12/03/new-bionic-arm-technology-offering-hope-to-amputees/ http://www.physorg.com/news194246067.html -heart http://winmyfantasyleague.com/frank-gore-lost-for-the-season-fantasy-implications/ foorball player http://www.healthdetails.org/general-information/hip-fracture-diagnosis-treatment-and-protection-methods-147.html Pg 4 joint http://www.wisdomwoman.com/nerve/?p=610 –muscles pg 7 http://health.allrefer.com/health/hip-joint-replacement-hip-joint-replacement-series.html pg 6 normal hip joint http://www.reshealth.org/yourhealth/healthinfo/default.cfm?pageID=P08957 hip joint pg 6 Ball and cup pic pg8-12 http://healthguide.howstuffworks.com/hip-joint-replacement-picture.htm Callister – materials engineering http://healthguide.howstuffworks.com/hip-joint-replacement-picture.htm The overview pg 7 http://www.cposm.com/index.php/orthopaedic-services/hip/ pg7 http://www.orthopaedia.com/download/attachments/23724188/Hip+fractures.jpg?version=1&modificationDate=1290971451000 fracture

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