Posthesis Body parts

2. PROSTHESIS BODY PARTS
College: SBSPMs B,
Pharmacy College,
Ambajogai.
Presented By .
Ishwar M.
Jadhav
7th semester (final
year)
Guided By,
Ms. Chavan G.C.
(M. Pharm
Pharmaceutics)

3. CONTENT
 Introduction
 History
 Application & Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Prosthetic raw material
 Types of Prosthesis
 Life & Limb
 Technology & Manufacturing
 Artificial Limb Manufacturing
 Dental Prosthesis
 Myo Electric Prosthesis
 Hip Prosthesis
 Knee Prosthesis
 Performance Criteria

4. INTRODUCTION
 What does "prosthesis" mean?
. A prosthesis ( plural: prostheses ; from Ancient Greek
prosthesis, "additional, application, attachment") is an
artificial device that replaces a missing body parts,which
may be lost through trauma, disease, or congenital
Conditions

5. History
 Pliny the Elder also recorded the tale of a Roman
general, Marcus Sergius , whose right hand was cut off
while campaigning and had an iron hand made to hold
his shield so that he could return to battle .
 During the middle Ages, prosthetic remained quite
basic in form .Dehabilitated knights would be fitted
with prosthetics so they could hold up a shield , grasp a
lance or a sword , or stabilize a mounted warrior.

6. Application and Advantages
 Movements include: -
1. Elbow flexion/extension
2. Wrist supination/ pronation
3. Opening/closing of fingers
 Quick reflexes
1. secure hold
2. Grasping objects
3. Comes in different sizes
4. flexible in functioning
5. No need to learn functioning and handling of the arm .
 Other Advantages:
1. Can be given to a child at the age of 18-24 months.
2. Comes with a one or two year guarantee.

7. Disadvantages
1) Motor and drive last about two to three years .
2) With heavy use, the entire prosthesis may need to be
replaced after only four or five years.
3) When used on a child, the sockets need to be replaced
every year due to growth.
4) The material used in making it may result in skin
irritations, inflammations, infections in the initial
days.
5) Relatively expensive

8. Prosthetic raw material:
 A) plastic: -
1.Polyethylene
2.Polypropylene
3.Acrylics
4.Polyurethane
 B)wood(early Prosthetics)
 C)rubber(early Prosthetics)
 D) Lightweight Metals:
1.Titanium
2.Aluminum
 E) Composites
1. Carbon Fibre

9. Trans Radial
Prosthesis
Include
Limb
Prosthesis
Robotic Arm
Robotic Legs
Somato
Prosthesis
Breast
Prostheses
Craniofacial
Prosthesis
Include
Intra-oral &
extra-oral
Prosthesis
Neck
Prosthesis
Include
Larynx,
trachea,upper
esophageal
replacements
Types Of Prosthesis

10. A]upper extremity
prosthesis
B] Lower extremity
prostheses:-
upper extremity prostheses
are used at varying levels of
amputation:
forequarter,shoulder
disarticulation,tramshumer
al prosthesis,elbow
disarticulation, transradial
prosthesis, wrist
disarticulation,full
hand,partial
hand,finger,partial finger.
Lower extremity prostheses
provide replacement at
varying levels of
amputation . These include
hip disarticulation,
transfemoral prosthesis,
knee disarticulation,
transtibial prosthesis,
syme's amputation, foot,
partial foot, and toe.
Life & limb

11. Technology and manufacturing
 New Plastics and other materials, such as carbon fiber,
have allowed artificial limbs to be stronger and lighter .
 The use of electronics has become very common in
artificial limbs.
 A myoelectric prosthesis uses electromyography signals
or potentials from voluntarily contracted muscles
within a person's residual limb.
 Robots can be used to generate objective measures of
patient's impairment and therapy outcome , assist in
diagnosis.

12. Artificial limbs are typically
manufactured using the following steps
 1. Measurement of the residual limb
 2. Measurement of the body to determine the size
required for the artificial limb
 3.fitting of a silicone liner
 4. Creation of a model of the liner worn over the residual
limb
 5.formation of thermoplastic sheet around the model
 6. Formation of permanent socket
 7.formation of plastic parts of the artificial limb
 8. Creation of metal parts of the artificial limb using die
casting
 9. Assembly of entire limb

13. Dental prosthesis

14. Dental Prosthesis
 A dental prosthesis is an intraoral ( inside the mouth)
prosthesis used to restore ( reconstruct) intraoral
defects such as missing teeth , missing parts of teeth,
missing soft or hard structures of the jaw and palate.
prosthodontics is the dental specialty that focuses on
dental prostheses.

15. What is a myoelectric prosthesis?
"Myoelectric" is the term for electric properties of
muscles. A myoelectric controlled prosthesis is an
externally powered artificial limb that you control with
the electric signals generated naturally by your own
muscles.

16. Hip prosthesis

17. Hip Prosthetics
 In a total hip replacement ( also called total hip
arthroplasty),the damaged bone and cartilage is removed and
replaced with prosthetic components.
 The damaged femoral head is removed and replaced with a
metal stem that is placed into the hollow center of the femur.
 A metal or ceramic ball is placed on the upper part of the
stem.
 The damaged cartilage surface of the socket ( acetabulum) is
removed and replaced with a metal socket .
 A plastic, ceramic , or metal spacer is inserted between the
new ball and the socket to allow for a smooth gliding surface.

18. Knee prosthesis

19. Categorizing knee replacement
components.
 Whether the plastic (polyethylene) is fixed seriously
upon the underlying tibial component or whether is
allows rotation upon the tibial component.
 The last category has to do with how the metal
components are fixed to the underlying bone. most
replacement systems use a special type of cement
called methylmethacrylate to bond the metal
component to the bones.

20. Performance criteria:-
Nontheless, there are certain elements of socket and foot
mechanics that are invaluable for athlete, and these are the
focus of today's high tech prosthetics companies:
 fit
 energy storage and return
 energy absorption
 Ground compliance
 Rotation
 weight
 suspension
 cost
 Ease of use
 size availability

21. References
1. Sherman, E, David (1964). "A Russian Bioelectric-
Controlled Prosthesis: Report of a research team from
the rehabilitation Institute of Montreal". Canadian
Medical Association journal.
2. "How artificial limb is made - material ,
manufacture, Making, used, parts, components,
structure, procedure".www.oandplibrary.org.
3. Bigg, Henry Robert Heather (1885) Artificial limb
and Amputation Which Afford can the Most
Appropriate Stump in Civil and Military Surgery.
London