This document discusses the different types of articles and determiners in English and how they are used. It covers indefinite articles like "a" and "an", definite articles like "the", quantifiers like "some" and "many", and plural vs. singular forms. Some key points covered include: - The uses of "a/an" with singular countable nouns and "the" with both singular and plural/uncountable nouns. - Quantifiers like "some", "many", "much" are used with plural/uncountable nouns while "a/an" is used with singular countable nouns. - The differences between similar words like "all/

1. ARTICLES CAN BE DEVIDED BY TWO GROUPS A INDEFINITE AN THE

2. INDEFINITE,USED BEFORE SINGULAR COUNTABLE NOUNS /TO SHOW SINGULAR EXAMPLE 1 - A BOOK - A TREE - A HOUSE - A UNIFORM - A PENCIL - A BROWN BALL - A CAR - A RED APPLE - A BOY - A LOVELY MORNING

3. EXAMPLE 2 - U NIVERSITY - U NION - U NIFORM ANY ‘U ’ VOWELS THAT - U NIMART PRONOUNS AS ‘ YU ’ SHOULD USE ‘A ’ AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SENTENCES

4. INDEFINITE,USED BEFORE SINGULAR COUNTABLE NOUNS EXAMPLE 1 - AN AEROPLANE - AN EGG - AN ELEPHANT - AN OWL - AN IDEA - AN ISLAND - AN UMBRELLA - AN ANT

5. EXAMPLE 2 - AN H OUR - AN H EIR SILENT ‘H’ - AN H ONEST MAN

6. DEFINITE,USED BEFORE SINGULAR COUNTABLE NOUNS,AND BEFORE BOTH COUNT AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS EXAMPLE 1 - The presenter, the audience, the sessions and the time.

7. ‘ THE’ IS USED……. BEFORE A SUPELATIVE - the easie st - the lea st - the mo st BEFORE A TITTLE OR A POSITION - the K ing - the P rime M inister

8. BEFORE A NOUN - the sun - the sky - the moon BEFORE RIVERS,SEAS,OCEAN,GROUP OF ISLAND AND COUNTRIES - the P acific O cean - the S outh C hinese S ea

9. BEFORE AN ORDINAL NUMBER - the first - the second CERTAIN EXPRESSION OF TIME -in the morning -in the afternoon TO REFER TO PARTICULAR NOUNS - the participants are copying the notes

10. TO REFER TO NOUNS MENTIONED EARLIER IN A SENTENCE -I used a pencil . The pencil was provided by the hotel WITH THE FOLLOWING MOSQUE UNIVERSITIES AND CINEMAS -My father has gone to the mosque, whereas my sister has gone to the universities

11. WE DO NOT USE ARTICLES WITH…………. PROPER NOUNS SUCH AS TOWN, COUNTRIES,ROADS OR STREETS - the venue for the workshop is Universities of New Challenge NAME OF GAMES - the male participants love soccer

12. MEALS - the speakers have dinner at 7.00pm -have you taken breakfast SCHOOL,CHURCHES.TOWNS,MARKET -participants take a bus to town

13. ARE USED TO SHOW QUANTITY DETERMINERS ARE ALSO DEVIDED BY TWO GROUPS…. -COUNTABLE SINGULAR -UNCOUNTABLE AND PLURAL

14. COUNTABLE Q SINGULAR PLURAL U W -one,every**,each, -many,several,some* A O and another a few,a number of, N R T D DEMOSTRATIVE I S -this and -these and T that those Y

15. UNCOUNTABLE Q SINGULAR U W -much,more,some** A O a little, a lot of,a lots of(mean the same) N R T D I S DEMONSTRATIVE T -this and that Y

16. SOME AND ANY We use SOME or ANY , not A/An with uncountable and plural nouns. They mean ‘a limited number or quantities’. We use SOME in affirmative (+) sentences. We use ANY in negative sentences(-) and in most question. e.g -I’d like some water. -Have you got any sugar?

17. SOMEBODY,SOMEONE,ANYTHING,SOMEWHERE.. Somebody and someone mean the same,and same goes to Anybody and Anyone . The differents between somebody and anybody is same as some and any. e.g.-Has anybody seen my keys? -he lives somewhere in london. -I didn’t say anything. -She never goes anywhere.

18. MUCH AND MANY We use much with singular(uncountable)nouns and many with plurals . Much and many are used mostly in questions and negatives.They ar unusual in affirmative(+)sentences. e.g -she doesn’t speak much in english -she doesn’t buy many clothes

19. A LOT OF AND A LOTS OF A lot of and a lots of are common in informal style.They mean the same. E.g-I haven’t got a lot of time just now. -He’s got a lots of money and a lots of friends. If we use a lot or lots with noun ,we always use of. If we use a lot or lots without a noun ,we don’t use of E.g -`Have you got a lot of work?’ -`yes a lot ’

20. A LITTLE AND A FEW We use a little with singular(uncountable)nouns. And a few with plural. E.g -If you`re hungry,we`ve got a little soup and a a few tomatoes. In conversation we use only a little / few We can use a little and a few without nouns if the meaning is clear. e.g-`have got any money? ` A little ’

21. EVERY CHILD ,ALL CHILDREN We can use all and every with similar meanings,but the grammar is different. All +PLURAL E.g- All children are different - All teachers make mistakes EVERY+ SINGULAR E.g- Every child is different - Every teacher make mistakes.

22. BOTH,EITHER,AND NEITHER We use both,either and neither to talk about two people or things. Both =(one or the other)has a plural noun Either =(one or the other)has a singular noun. Neither =(not one,not either n not the other)has singular noun. E.g-Are you free on wed o thurs?Im free on both days -Which day is better for you? Either day is ok.

23. DETERMINERS AND OF MOST PEOPLE,MOST OF US. Sometimes we use determiners(some,any..)with of DETERMINERS+OF -use before the some of the people here this too many of those books my a few of our friends it enough of it WITHOUT OF too many old books. a few friends.