Article review (school development)

1. ARTICLE REVIEW
School Development
“A person who’s committed to success won’t allow him/herself to break stride, no
matter how tempting it might be to “take things easy for a month or two”.
Reference:
Tatlah, i.A, Iqbal, M.Z, Amin, M, Qureshi, U. 2014. Effect of Leadership Behavior of principals
on Students’ Academic Achievement at Secondary Level: A Comparison of the Leaders and
Teachers Perceptions. Journal of Research and Reflections in Education (JERRE),8(1), 1-12.
Retrieved from: http://ue.edu.pk/jrre/articles/81001.pdf
Purpose of Study:
The purpose of study to examine the influence of leadership behavior of secondary school
leaders on the academic achievement of the 10th
Grade students from public and private sectors
in Punjab, Pakistan. It will also examine the difference in effect of leadership behavior of
principals, which is explained by them and described by the observers and students for their
educational achievements.
Research Questions:
1. Is there any effect of leadership behavior of principals on students’ academic
achievement as described by them and described by observers?
2. Is there any difference in the leadership behavior of secondary school principals as stated
by them and observed by the observers?
Methodology:
The research design was an Ex-Post-Facto i.e it deals with variables occurred in the study. The
variables were not in the control of researchers. Ex-Post-Facto research is a systematic empirical
inquiry in which researchers don’t have control on the independent variables (Silva. 2010a)
Population:
Students of 10th
grade, all secondary school principals and teachers of the 36 districts of the
Punjab province of Pakistan were targeted to collect data.
Sample:
Four districts of the Punjab province were selected on the basis of convenient sampling
technique. (Rajanpur, Chakwal, Jhang and Lahore)

2. Instrumentation and Data Collection:
Used instruments for collection of data are given as:
1. Leadership practice Inventory Self (LPI-S): developed by Kouzes & Posner (2003)
2. Leadership practice Inventory Observed (LPI-O): developed by Kouzes & Posner (2003)
3. Students’ Academic Achievement Score: Respective BISE Exams held in 2013 in the
concerned board.
Data Analysis & Research Findings:
Collected data was analyzed by using SPSS and the demographic of participants of the study.
Number of female principals’ respondents was 57.81% that was greater than male principals
whose percentage was 42.18%. Percentage of female student respondents 48.17% was lower
than that of male students’ 51.82%.
There was no significant effect of leadership behavior of principals on students’ academic
achievement as described by themselves and teachers.