Low Cost Design of Arsenic Removal from Groundwater in BangladeshKevin Banahan
Low-Cost Design of Arsenic Removal from Groundwater
Jeremy Kozub*, Kevin Banahan*, Jesse Amsel*
*Wentworth Institute of Technology, Environmental Engineering Program, Class of 2005 (Jack Duggan, Ph.D., P.E., faculty advisor)
For this project, a student team designed and evaluated treatment alternatives for the removal of arsenic from groundwater used in developing countries. The application of sorption technologies was evaluated using bench-scale testing of a range of sorption materials, support media and differing contact geometries. Sorption capacity of treatment units were designed to accommodate the daily consumption of individual families using a community well in Bangladesh.
Until the early 1990's, there was little awareness that groundwater in Bangladesh contained high levels of arsenic. The adverse health affects of chronic exposure to arsenic are well documented. Although current technologies to treat arsenic in groundwater exist, there are economic, social and cultural factors that prevent these technologies from being used in Bangladesh. This project focused on developing a low-cost alternative technology that could be readily assembled and implemented by local villagers.
As a capstone project for the environmental engineering program at Wentworth of Technology, this project has been performed by three students under the supervision of a faculty advisor. Students applied previous coursework in the areas of economics, engineering theory and application, design, communication skills and ethical principles to complete this project. The project was performed in collaboration with external non-profit and non-governmental organizations. The goal of this project is to further develop the creation of a low-cost system that will become available to large populations of those in need.
Low Cost Design of Arsenic Removal from Groundwater in BangladeshKevin Banahan
Low-Cost Design of Arsenic Removal from Groundwater
Jeremy Kozub*, Kevin Banahan*, Jesse Amsel*
*Wentworth Institute of Technology, Environmental Engineering Program, Class of 2005 (Jack Duggan, Ph.D., P.E., faculty advisor)
For this project, a student team designed and evaluated treatment alternatives for the removal of arsenic from groundwater used in developing countries. The application of sorption technologies was evaluated using bench-scale testing of a range of sorption materials, support media and differing contact geometries. Sorption capacity of treatment units were designed to accommodate the daily consumption of individual families using a community well in Bangladesh.
Until the early 1990's, there was little awareness that groundwater in Bangladesh contained high levels of arsenic. The adverse health affects of chronic exposure to arsenic are well documented. Although current technologies to treat arsenic in groundwater exist, there are economic, social and cultural factors that prevent these technologies from being used in Bangladesh. This project focused on developing a low-cost alternative technology that could be readily assembled and implemented by local villagers.
As a capstone project for the environmental engineering program at Wentworth of Technology, this project has been performed by three students under the supervision of a faculty advisor. Students applied previous coursework in the areas of economics, engineering theory and application, design, communication skills and ethical principles to complete this project. The project was performed in collaboration with external non-profit and non-governmental organizations. The goal of this project is to further develop the creation of a low-cost system that will become available to large populations of those in need.
INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT IN STEEL INDUSTRYSreya P S
The steel industry is one of the most important industries in India.
The main environmental issues faced by Steel Industry are:
Air emissions
Wastewater
Solid Waste
A report for my Environmental Management for Food Industries Class
This discussed the significance of trace and heavy metals present in wastewater and also the methods that can be used to lessen and remove them.
Deals with the measurement of organic matter concentration in water and wastewater. BOD, BOD kinetics and COD tests are discussed at length. Further, as part of the ultimate BOD measurement, other associated tests like Dissolved Oxygen and Ammonical, Nitrate and Nitrite forms of nitrogen are also discussed.
Removal of arsenic (v) from water by adsorption onto low cost and waste mater...eSAT Journals
Abstract In the present study, waste and low-cost materials like Cast-Iron Filings (wastes from mechanical workshops, lathes) and Steel Wool (commercially available, used for cleaning of wood surfaces prior to polishing) were investigated to assess their potential for removal of Arsenic from water by the process of adsorption by conducting different types of batch adsorption experiments, continuous flow column studies and candle filter studies. Batch sorption experiments brought forth the effectiveness of sorbent materials for removal of Arsenic from water achieving a removal of 90-95% at favorable pH conditions which lie in the normal range. Isothermal equilibrium data fitted well into the Langmuir model suggesting formation of unimolecular monolayer of sorbate over a homogenous surface of uniform energy. Both desorption studies and the shape of the saturation curves denote high affinity of the sorbent for the sorbate. Regeneration studies indicate repeated regeneration of the sorbents thus extending the usage of the sorbent following regenerations. While sulfates, Fluoride and chlorides have little influence on sorptive removal, phosphates and silicates exercise considerable influence by reducing removal. Fixed bed continuous down-flow column studies conducted using ground water spiked with 300ug/l Arsenic (V) at flow rates of 5.0 and 10.0 ml/min indicated the usefulness of the sorbents for engineering applications for removal of Arsenic from water. Candle filter studies conducted by filling the hollow portion of the candles used in the domestic filters filled with sorbent material further demonstrated the utility of the existing household filters for removal of Arsenic (V) to less than the permissible limits of BIS/WHO by simply filling the hollow portion with the sorbent material. No leaching of Iron was found in the filtered water. Key words: Arsenic, water, removal, adsorption, cast iron filings, steel wool, household filter.
INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT IN STEEL INDUSTRYSreya P S
The steel industry is one of the most important industries in India.
The main environmental issues faced by Steel Industry are:
Air emissions
Wastewater
Solid Waste
A report for my Environmental Management for Food Industries Class
This discussed the significance of trace and heavy metals present in wastewater and also the methods that can be used to lessen and remove them.
Deals with the measurement of organic matter concentration in water and wastewater. BOD, BOD kinetics and COD tests are discussed at length. Further, as part of the ultimate BOD measurement, other associated tests like Dissolved Oxygen and Ammonical, Nitrate and Nitrite forms of nitrogen are also discussed.
Removal of arsenic (v) from water by adsorption onto low cost and waste mater...eSAT Journals
Abstract In the present study, waste and low-cost materials like Cast-Iron Filings (wastes from mechanical workshops, lathes) and Steel Wool (commercially available, used for cleaning of wood surfaces prior to polishing) were investigated to assess their potential for removal of Arsenic from water by the process of adsorption by conducting different types of batch adsorption experiments, continuous flow column studies and candle filter studies. Batch sorption experiments brought forth the effectiveness of sorbent materials for removal of Arsenic from water achieving a removal of 90-95% at favorable pH conditions which lie in the normal range. Isothermal equilibrium data fitted well into the Langmuir model suggesting formation of unimolecular monolayer of sorbate over a homogenous surface of uniform energy. Both desorption studies and the shape of the saturation curves denote high affinity of the sorbent for the sorbate. Regeneration studies indicate repeated regeneration of the sorbents thus extending the usage of the sorbent following regenerations. While sulfates, Fluoride and chlorides have little influence on sorptive removal, phosphates and silicates exercise considerable influence by reducing removal. Fixed bed continuous down-flow column studies conducted using ground water spiked with 300ug/l Arsenic (V) at flow rates of 5.0 and 10.0 ml/min indicated the usefulness of the sorbents for engineering applications for removal of Arsenic from water. Candle filter studies conducted by filling the hollow portion of the candles used in the domestic filters filled with sorbent material further demonstrated the utility of the existing household filters for removal of Arsenic (V) to less than the permissible limits of BIS/WHO by simply filling the hollow portion with the sorbent material. No leaching of Iron was found in the filtered water. Key words: Arsenic, water, removal, adsorption, cast iron filings, steel wool, household filter.
Arsenic contamination is a big threat to a huge population of in the Gangetic plains.of Bihar.Most of the mitigation intiatives are failures in Bihar.A few alternative mitigation strategy is suggested.
Atlanta has loads of history, culture, outdoor activities, southern hospitality, and plenty of things to do with the kids.
Here’s a few our favorites things to do in Atlanta.
This is a Final Portfolio for Communications 130 Visual Media. It contains all of the projects that I have done through out the semester as I learned the different Adobe CC Programs.
Акция благотворительность вместо сувенировФонд Вера
Ежегодно российские компании тратят около 26 миллиардов рублей на сувениры. А рейтинг самых популярных подарков возглавляют алкоголь, канцелярские товары и сладости.
В 2007 году российским филиалом британского фонда Charities Aid Foundation был запущен проект «Благотворительность вместо сувениров».
Как проходит акция?
Несколько художников разрабатывают специально для фонда «Вера» красивые и жизнерадостные открытки в разных стилях. Компания перечисляет весь сувенирный бюджет или его часть на наши благотворительные программы. Взамен мы предлагаем на выбор открытки, которые можно подарить партнерам и коллегам вместо коробки конфет или какого-нибудь сувенира, который может никогда не пригодиться. На открытки компании могут нанести свой логотип и поздравления. Открыть и скачать Презентацию
Среди художников, которые предоставляют нам свои уникальные работы – Наталья Грофпель, Алексей Зуев, Елена Оберемок и другие.
Кому это может помочь?
Одна и та же «сувенирная» сумма способна стать бутылкой элитного шампанского или специальным лечебным питанием для малыша, которого кормят через гастростому. Деньги, потраченные на очередные коробки дорогих конфет, могли бы обеспечить пациента хосписа матрасом против пролежней.
Участвуя в акции, вы помогаете российским хосписам и их пациентам – неизлечимо больным детям и взрослым, а также содействуете образованию сотрудников хосписов и развитию волонтерского движения.
Какие результаты приносит акция?
С каждым годом в рамках акции удается собрать все больше средств для тех, кто нуждается в помощи. Например, в 2014 году в акции приняли участие 28 компаний и организаций, благодаря которым удалось собрать более 15 млн. рублей. А это в 7 раз больше, чем в 2013 году!
Среди организаций, в разное время участвовавших в акции — ГК «Ташир», Холдинг «Открытие», РусГидро, Тойота Банк, Делойт, Да Винчи Капитал, профсоюз Росимущества, Aviasales, Бинооптик, «ЮниКредит Банк», «Дойче Банк», «РосБанк», Триза-Консалтинг, Транскомплект и многие другие.
Фонд «Вера» участвует в проекте ежегодно – в преддверии Нового Года и 8 марта.
Как принять участие в акции?
В акции может принять участие любая организация, решившая полностью или частично на
The Austin food scene is hot, with new, innovative restaurants opening seemingly on a weekly basis. Tex-Mex and barbecue still reign supreme, but there's also great sushi, pizza, and farm-to-table fare. Oh, and doughnuts.
Here’s our favorites.
I) What is ArsenicArsenic is a widely distributed element in .docxsleeperharwell
I) What is Arsenic?
Arsenic is a widely distributed element in the earth's crust and is recognized as a toxic and carcinogenic substance. Arsenic is widely used as a pesticide, herbicide, wood preservative, semiconductor material, and feed additive. These anthropogenic pathways have introduced large amounts of arsenic into the environment, increasing the concentration and distribution of arsenic in environmental water bodies. In recent years, in some countries, especially Bangladesh, China, and Mongolia drinking water sources are found in concentrations that can lead to acute and chronic human poisoning of arsenic. Therefore, the arsenic in drinking water has caused great concern. Given the great danger of arsenic to human health and the increasing severity of arsenic pollution, in 1993, the WHO took the lead in the indicator value of arsenic in drinking water from 50 μg / L to 10 μg / L. Subsequently, the European Union, Japan, the United States, respectively, their drinking water arsenic standards for 10 μg / L.
1. Chemical properties of arsenic in water bodies
In the aqueous environment, the two common oxidation states of arsenic are As(V) and As (III). (As(V) is oxygenated surface water and As (III)is the main form of arsenic in groundwater, while As(III) is the form of arsenic in anoxic groundwater. When the pH was in the neutral range, As(III) was mainly present in the form of H3 AsO3, while As(V) was present in the form of H2 AsO4 – and HAsSO4 2-. Therefore, in the typical pH range of water (pH = 5 to 8), As(V) exists in the form of anions, while As (III) exists in the form of neutral molecules. Therefore, the drinking water arsenic removal technology will involve the removal of arsenic in 2 different
vale nice states and the presence of forms.
2. Research progress of the arsenic removal process
2.1 Coagulation and flocculation method
Coagulation and precipitation method because of its easy to use, easy to grasp, and accept and become the most widely used, the most widely used arsenic drinking water treatment method. The most common coagulants are iron salts and aluminum salts. Many studies have shown that the coagulation and precipitation method in addition to the arsenic effect and the oxidation state of arsenic in water, the initial concentration of arsenic, the type and dose of coagulant, water quality conditions, and other factors. as (Ⅲ) removal effect is poor As (V) removal rate is higher. The oxidation of As (Ⅲ) to As (V) can improve the removal rate of arsenic. When the initial concentration of As (Ⅲ) <0∙8 mg/L, sodium hypochlorite 1∙25 mg/L can effectively oxidize As (Ⅲ) into As (V) to achieve the same removal effect as As (V). (1) If the use of perchlorate coagulant, it can replace the sodium hypochlorite and iron salt 2 reagents to simplify the treatment method and perchlorate oxidation capacity than sodium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, etc. stronger, in the oxidation process will not produce secondary p.
Wastewater treatment technologies for removal of nitrogen and phosphorusRabia Aziz
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Environmental Chemistry
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Here I explained about power plant chemistry. Explained in details how to produce DM water, cooling water, drinking water etc from raw water. Also discussed about main plant steam cycle chemistry.
Removal of Pb II from Aqueous Solutions using Activated Carbon Prepared from ...ijtsrd
The recent study explains about the removal of Pb II ions from aqueous solution using activated carbon prepared from Garlic waste. Garlic peels have been used for the production of Carbon by treating with conc.H2SO4 for metal ions removal. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Boehm titration have been used for various physicochemical characterization of the outcome of activated carbon which proclaimed the presence of oxygen containing surface functional groups like phenolic, lactonic and carboxylic in the carbons. In a batch adsorption process the effect of pH and initial metal ion concentration was calculated. The optimum pH for lead adsorption is found to be equal to 6.The resultant activated carbon showed maximum adsorption capacity of Pb II was 210 mg g 1. The waste material which is used in this work is cost effective and easily available for the production of activated carbon. Hence the removal of Pb II from water using the carbons prepared from Garlic peels can act as possible low cost adsorbents for the removal of Pb II from water. R. Mary Nancy Flora | Ashok | Ramanathan ""Removal of Pb (II) from Aqueous Solutions using Activated Carbon Prepared from Garlic Waste"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23365.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/chemical-engineering/23365/removal-of-pb-ii-from-aqueous-solutions-using-activated-carbon-prepared-from-garlic-waste/r-mary-nancy-flora
2. Arsenic in water
1. The main cause of Arsenic presence in ground water is believed to be the reductive
dissolution of sedimentary Arsenic-containing Iron Oxy-hydroxide by microbial driven
oxidation of organic matter. This cause the release of adsorbed Arsenic, since the
adsorbed As (V) is reduced to As (III) and leached into ground water.
2. Anthropogenic sources also contribute to Arsenic pollution.
Arsenic compounds were employed as pesticide, herbicide and in wood preservation.
Other sources of Arsenic are mining waste and glass industry.
Fertilizers are also suspected to have an important contribution to the contamination of
groundwater with Arsenic.
Coal combustion, metal smelting and refining processes release Arsenic in the
atmosphere, which eventually it is transported by rain in the surface water and
groundwater.
3. Need for Arsenic treatment
Presence of Arsenic in drinking water leads to many
proved health problems, including cancers.
Adsorbers for Arsenic removal
Passive systems – little or no user intervention
Easy to operate
Almost no waste water
In some cases, no hazardous spent material
Can achieve the best cost for treated water, especially for medium and small
systems
5. Titansorb
Typical Physical and Chemical Properties
Appearance: White granules
Particle size: 0.5 – 1,5 mm
Active surface: 400-450 m2
/g
Porosity: ca. 65%
Typical equilibrium capacity (static, 1000 ppb, pH=6.5)
Arsenic (V) 28-30 g / kg
Arsenic (III) 13-15 g / kg
Typical equilibrium capacity (static, 50 ppb, pH=7.0)
Arsenic (V) 14-16 g /kg
Arsenic (III) 5-6 g/ kg
6. Titansorb
made of Nanosized Titanium Oxyhydrate
Titanium Oxyhydrate TiO(OH)2 or Metatitanic Acid H2TiO3 - reactive material, containing
maximum number of active centers: Ti-OH groups.
Titanium Oxyhydrate is partially crystallized as Anatase nanocrystals (10 - 20 nm),
containing a high density of Ti-OH active centers on their surface:
Ti
OO
O
H
Ti
OO
O
H
Ti
O
H
Ti
OO
O
H
Ti
O
H
Ti
OO
O
H
Ti
O
H
Ti
O
O
H
Active Ti-OH groups on Anatase nanocrystals
TEM image of Anatase
7. Titansorb
The contaminants are strongly adsorbed on the active surface of nanocrystalline Anatase.
As an example, arsenate anion (As5+
) may be retained under several possible
coordinative structures:
Ti
O
Ti
O
As
Ti
O
O
O
O OO
O
H
Ti
O
Ti
O
As
Ti
O
Ti
O
O
O O
Ti
O
O
O
O
OH
Ti
O
Ti
O
As
Ti
O
O OO
O
O Chelating bidentate
Chelating
tridentate
Brigded bidentate
Chelating tridentate on a „step“
TiTi
O
As
Ti
O
OO
O OO
O
8. Titansorb
Operation conditions
High service flow rate: 15 - 35 m/h (6 – 14 gpm / ft2
) (depending on Arsenic concentration)
Backwash flow rate: 14- 24 m/h (6 - 10 gpm / ft2
)
Freeboard: 55% of bed depth
Short contact time: 30 s – 3 min (or more, depending on Arsenic concentration)
Bed depth: at least 0.8 - 1 meter
Operational pH: 4-10
12. Titansorb
Service Flow Rate and Arsenic Adsorption
Test water: pH=7.5, 300 ppb As(V), silica 20 ppm, hardness 150 mg/l
13. Titansorb
Comparative Arsenic Adsorption Media Test
- influence of pH fluctuations (pH re-set at 6.5 thereafter)
Flow rate 20 BV/h, pH=6.5, 300 ppb As(V), silica 10 ppm, hardness 150 mg/l
pH = 7.2 pH = 7.0
14. Why Titansorb?
Stronger adsorption of arsenic in comparison with alumina or iron-based media, therefore no
leaching was observed
One of the highest Arsenic adsorption capacity
Fast arsenic adsorption – less media, small footprint
Cost per liter of water treated is lower compared with other adsorbers
Wider pH tolerance (Titanium Dioxide is not soluble in acidic or basic media)
Less prone to Arsenic leaching due to pH fluctuations
Best results at pH 7 or lower
Less sensitive to ionic strength or concurrent anions (phosphate, sulfate, nitrate, etc.)
Removes other hazardous contaminants from water - such as chromate, cadmium, lead, copper,
selenium
No staining due to iron leaching
Almost no microbiological contamination (such as iron bacteria) therefore less disinfection
required and less disinfection toxic by-products (THM, chloramines, HAAs) are generated