The document serves as an introductory guide to programming in C with a focus on arrays, covering topics such as array declaration, initialization, and types, including one-dimensional, two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and more. It emphasizes the advantages of arrays over individual variables for storing similar data types and includes syntax examples for declaring and using arrays in C. Additionally, it discusses memory allocation for arrays and the structure of multi-dimensional arrays.

1. PAPER: INTRODUCTION PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE USING C
PAPER ID: 20105
PAPER CODE: BCA 105
DR. VARUN TIWARI
(ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR)
(DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE)
BOSCO TECHNICAL TRAINING SOCIETY,
DON BOSCO TECHNICAL SCHOOL, OKHLA ROAD , NEW DELHI

2. C ARRAY

3. OBJECTIVES
IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL LEARN:
1. TO UNDERSTAND ABOUT ARRAY IN C.
2. TO LEARN ABOUT DECLARATION OF ARRAY.
3. TO LEARN ABOUT INITIALIZATION OF ARRAY
4. TO LEARN ABOUT TYPES OF ARRAY.
5. TO LEARN ABOUT ONE DIMENSIONAL ARRAY IN C.
6. TO LEARN ABOUT TWO DIMENSIONAL ARRAY IN C.
7. TO LEARN ABOUT MULTI DIMENSIONAL ARRAY (THREE DIMENSION & FOUR DIMENSION IN C.

4. ARRAY: A SPECIAL TYPE OF VARIABLE IS AN ARRAY. AN ARRAY IS THE COLLECTION OF THE VARIABLE WHICH ARE ALL OF THE SAME
TYPE AND ARE ORGANIZED AS SEQUENCE FORM. NOW AN FORMAL DEFINITION OF AN ARRAY. AN ARRAY IS COLLECTION OF
SIMILAR DATATYPE OR AN ARRAY IS A COLLECTIVE NAME GIVEN TO A GROUP OF ‘SIMILAR QUANTITIES’. THESE SIMILAR QUANTITIES
COULD BE PERCENTAGE MARKS OF 20 STUDENTS , OR SALARY OF 20 EMPLOYEES, OR AGES OF 20 EMPLOYEES. C ALLOWS US TO
CREATE ARRAY BASED UPON FOUR TYPE:
1. INTEGER
2. CHARACTER
3. FLOAT
4. DOUBLE
SUPPOSE WE WISH TO ARRANGE THE PERCENTAGE MARKS OBTAINED BY 20 STUDENTS IN ASCENDING ORDER. IN SUCH A CASE WE
HAVE TWO OPTION THE STORE THESE MARKS IN MEMORY.
1. CONSTRUCT 20 VARIABLE TO STORE PERCENTAGE MARKS OBTAINED BY 20 DIFFERENT STUDENTS IE. EACH VARIABLE
CONTAINING ONE STUDENTS MARKS. EX: INT A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T.
2. CONSTRUCT ONE VARIABLE (CALLED ARRAY OR SUBSCIPRTED VARIABLE) CAPABLE OF STORING OR HOLDING ALL THE 20 VALUES.
SYNTAX: DATATYPE VARIABLE NAME[SIZE OF VARIABLE];
EX: INT MARKS[20];

5. O
OBVIOUSLY, THE SECOND ALTERNATIVE IS BETTER. A SIMPLE REASON FOR THIS IS,IT WOULD BE MUCH EASIER TO HANDLE
ONE VARIABLE THAN HANDLING 20 DIFFERENT VARIABLE. NOW AN FORMAL DEFINITION OF AN ARRAY. AN ARRAY IS
COLLECTION OF SIMILAR DATATYPE OR AN ARRAY IS A COLLECTIVE NAME GIVEN TO A GROUP OF ‘SIMILAR QUANTITIES’.
THESE SIMILAR QUANTITIES COULD BE PERCENTAGE MARKS OF 20 STUDENTS , OR SALARY OF 20 EMPLOYEES, OR AGES
OF 20 EMPLOYEES.
ARRAY DECLARATION: TO BEGIN WITH, LIKE OTHER VARIABLE AN ARRAY NEEDS TO BE DECLARED THAT THE COMPILER
WILL KNOW WHAT KIND OF ARRAY AND HOW LARGE AN ARRAY WE WANT TO OUR PROGRAM. WE HAVE DONE THIS
WITH THE STATEMENT:
SYNTAX: DATA TYPE VARIABLE NAME[SIZE OF VARIABLE];
EX: INT MARKS[20];
DEFINING AN ARRAY: ARRAY DEFINITION CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING THREE THINGS:
1. TYPE OF ARRAY
2. NAME OF ARRAY
3. SIZE OF ARRAY
EX: INT A[10];
FLOAT P[10];

6. INITIALIZATION OF ARRAY: LOOK AT THE FOLLOWING ARRAY DECLARATIONS:
INT P[6]={2,4,5,6,7,8};
INT N[]={2,5,6,7,8,9};
FLOAT S[]={1.3,4.5,6.7};
INT ARR[5];
THIS SHOWS THAT ARRAYS CAN BE INITIALIZED WHILE DECLARING THEM. WHEN WE DO SO, MENTIONING
THE DIMENSION OF THE ARRAY IS OPTIONAL.
ARRAY ELEMENT IN MEMORY:
THIS WOULD RESERVE 16 BYTES FOR THE ARRAY IN MEMORY, 2 BYTES FOR EACH OF THE 8 INTEGERS. THE
VALUES IN IT WOULD BE GARBAGE VALUES. THE ARRAY ELEMENTS WOULD OCCUPY ADJACENT MEMORY
LOCATION:

9. TWO DIMENSIONAL ARRAY: IT CAN BE DEFINED AS AN ARRAY OF ARRAYS, THE 2D ARRAY IS ORGANIZED
IN MATRICES FORM WHICH CAN BE REPRESENTED AS THE COLLECTION OF ROWS AND COLS FORM. THE
USE OF THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS ARE CREATED TO IMPLEMENT A RELATIONAL DATABASE. IN 2D
ARRAY
SYN: DATA TYPE VARIABLE NAME[ROWS][COLS].
EX. INT A[2][3];

12. THREE DIMENSIONAL ARRAY:
INITIALIZATION ELEMENTS OF 3D ARRAY: INITIALIZATION IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY IS SAME AS
THAT OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS. THE DIFFERENCE IS AS THE NUMBER OF DIMENSION INCREASES SO
THE NUMBER OF NESTED BRACES WILL ALSO INCREASE.
METHOD 1:
int x[2][3][4];
ACCESSING ELEMENTS IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS: ACCESSING ELEMENTS IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL
ARRAYS IS ALSO SIMILAR TO THAT OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS. THE DIFFERENCE IS WE HAVE TO USE
THREE LOOPS INSTEAD OF TWO LOOPS FOR ONE ADDITIONAL DIMENSION IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL
ARRAYS.
SAME AS 4 DIMENSIONAL ARRAY & 5 DIMENSIONAL ARRAY IN C LANGUAGE.

13. WAP TO ADDITION OF TWO MATRICES IN THREE DIMENSIONAL FORM.

18. FOUR DIMENSIONAL ARRAY EXAMPLE:

20. THANK YOU