This document provides an overview of arrays in C programming. It defines an array as a collection of similar data types stored under a single name. The key points covered include: - Types of arrays include one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and multi-dimensional (MD) arrays. - The declaration, initialization, and accessing of elements for 1D and 2D arrays is demonstrated through examples. - Common array operations like addition, subtraction, and multiplication of matrices are shown. - Advantages of arrays include efficient representation of multiple values of the same type. Disadvantages include static/fixed size and difficulty with insertions/deletions. - Ar

1. To presentation

2. .BCA II SEM.
SUBMITTED TO:
CHETAN SIR
SUBMITTED BY :
HINA KHAN

3. Prakash Khaire
The Mandvi Education Society Institute of Computer Science
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4. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Need for on array
 Types of array
• 1D
• 2D
• MD
 Difference between 1D & 2D Array
 Array Applications
 Advantages & disadvantages

5. What is an Array ?

6. • It is derived data type.
• The nature of array is static (fix).
• Array is a collection of similar or
homogeneous data type.
• Array is also known subscript variable
or index variable.

7. • The lower bond of an array is zero 0.
• The upper bond of an array is n-1.
for ex.-int a[9] is an array that stores 9 integers
• Array index start with zero(0).
• Array end with n-1.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116
index
elements
Memory address

8. '
Need for an Array

9. NEED FOR AN ARRAY
• To store large number of variables of same type under a
single variable.
• E.g.
To store Marks of 50 students.
Record of sales of 100 salesman.

10. Types of Array

12. A list of items can be given one variable name using
only one subscript and such a variable is called a one-
dimensional Array.
•Syntax
data_type ArrayName[size];
data_type : is a valid data type like int, float,char
Arrayname : is a valid identifier
size : maximum number of elements that can
be stored in array

13. 1. Declaration of on Array
To declare an array to syntax is-
Data_ type variablename [size];
o The type of data which you
want to store like – int , float
, char.
o Means the name
of an Array.
o The number of Array
type variable.
Ex.- int a [3];
• Type of array variable is “integer”.
• Its variable name is a.
• 3 is the size of the array.

14. 2. Initialization
• An elements of an array must be initialized, otherwise they
may contain “garbage” value.
• An array can be initialized at either of the following stages
o At compile time
o At run time
• At the time of declaration and
initialization at the same time.
• For ex.- int a[5]={1,2,3,4,5}
An array can be explicitly in
initialization at run time.
• To initialize multiple array variable for loop is used.
for ex.-
for (i=0;i<5;i++)
{
scanf (“%d”,&a[i]);
}

15. 3.Assessing
• To print the element of an array is known as
assessing.
• To assessing the element of an array for loop is
used frequently.
for ex.-
for (i=0; i<5 ;i++)
{
printf (“%d”,a[i]);
} OUTPUT:
0
1
2
3
4

16. Examples:-
1) Enter a one-d array
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[10],i;
printf(“enter the array=“);
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
scanf(“%d”,&a[i]);
}
printf(“the entered array is=“);
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
printf(“%d”,a[i]);
}
return(0);
}

17. output:
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

18. • C allows us to define such tables of items by using
two-dimensional arrays.
•The two dimensional array are declared as follows-
type array_name[row_size][column_size];
For ex.- int a [3][2];
Data type
Array name Row=3
Column=2

19. 1. Declaration 2D ARRAY
• To declare an array to syntax is.
• The syntax of 2D array is
datatype arrayname[row] [column];
2.Initializing 2D ARRAY
• Like 1D array ,2D array initialized.
• Tow for loop is used .
ex.-
for (i=0 ;i<3; i++)
{
for (j=0;j<3;j++)
{
scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]);
}
}

20. 3.Assessing 2D ARRAY
• For loop is used.
Ex.-
for (i=0; i<3; i++)
{
for(j=0; j<3;j++)
{
printf(“t%d”,a[i][j]);
}
print(“n”);
}
• To print the element of an array
is known as assessing.

21. /* addition of two matrix/*
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i,j;
int a[3][3],b[3][3],c[3][3];
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf(“enter the matrix a=”);
scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]);
}
}
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf(“enter the matrix b=”);
scanf(“%d”,&b[i][j]);
}

22. for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
}
}
Printf(“/n addition of two matrix=“);
{
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(J=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf(“%d”,c[i][j]);
}
printf(“/n”);
}
}
return(0);
}

23. output:
A= B=
C=
9 8 7
6 5 4
3 2 1
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
10 10 10
10 10 10
10 10 10

24. /*subtraction of two matrix/*
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i,j;
int a[3][3],b[3][3],c[3][3];
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf(“enter the matrix a=”);
scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]);
}
}
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf(“enter the matrix b=”);
scanf(“%d”,&b[i][j]);
}

25. for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
c[i][j]=a[i][j]-b[i][j];
}
}
Printf(“/n substract of two matrix=”);
{
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(J=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf(“%d”,c[i][j]);
}
printf(“/n”);
}
}
return(0);
}

26. output:
A= B=
C=
2 3 4
5 6 7
8 9 10
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1

27. /*multiplication of two matrix/*
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i,j,k;
int a[3][3],b[3][3],c[3][3];
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf(“enter the matrix a=”);
scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]);
}
}
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf(“enter the matrix b=”);
scanf(“%d”,&b[i][j]);
}

28. for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
c[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<3;k++)
{
c[i][j]=c[i][j]+a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}
}
}
printf(“n enter the matix a is =”);
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf(“t%d”,c[i][j]);
}
printf(“n”);
}

29. printf(“n enter the matrix b is =”);
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf(“t%d”,b[i][j]);
}
printf(“n”);
}
printf(“n the multiplication is =”);
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf(“t%d”,c[i][j]);
}
printf(“n”);
}
return(0);
}

30. output:
A=
B=
AB=
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
9 8 7
6 5 4
3 2 1
46 28 10
118 73 28
190 118 46

31. Not in courseNot in
course

32. • C allows arrays of three or more dimensions. The exact limit
is determined by the compiler
•Syntax-
Datatype aray_name[s1][s2][s3]………….[Sm];
• For ex-
int MyArray[2][3][4];

34. DIFFERENCE
1D
1. 1D Array contains
single row and
multiple columns.
2. 1D Array is a
simple collection
of elements.
3. Ex:-
2d
1. 2D Array contains
multiple row and
multiple columns.
2. 2D Array is a
collection of 1D
Array .
3. Ex:-
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
A 1 2 3
B 4 5 6
C 7 8 9

35. Array Applications

36. Array Applications
• Array can be used for sorting elements.
• Array can perform matrix operation.
• Array can be used to sum all the
elements.
• Array can be stores elements of same
data type.

37. • Given a list of test scores, determine the maximum
and minimum scores.
• Read in a list of student names and rearrange
them in alphabetical order (sorting).
• Given the height measurements of students in a
class, output the names of those students who are
taller than average.

38. Advantages
&
Disadvantages

39. Advantages
 It is used to represent multiple data of same type by assigning only
single name.
 It can be used to implement other data structures like –
linked lists , stacks ,queue etc….
 2D array are used to represent matrices.

40. Disadvantages
 We must know array is static structure It means that array is fixed size. The
memory which is allocated to array can not be increased or reduced.
 Since array is of fixed size , if we allocate more memory than requirement then the
memory space will be wasted . And if we allocate less memory than requirement
than it will create problem.
 The elements of array are stored in consecutive memory location. So insertions
and deletion are very difficult and time consuming.

41.  Programming in ANSI
(E balagurusamy)
 Thank you Chetan Sir for giving me this topic
I would like to thank my friends who
helped meEkta, Sakina, Kunal