Vernacular architecture refers to traditional building styles used by ordinary people in a particular area, made with local materials and knowledge. It evolved naturally in response to a region's environment and culture over many generations. Some argue vernacular architecture is obsolete today as modern building methods and materials are available globally. However, others believe vernacular styles still have value in promoting cultural identity and environmental sustainability by being adapted to local conditions. As populations urbanize, preserving vernacular architecture can also help maintain cultural heritage.