The document provides descriptions of 18 colonial and early American buildings representing various architectural styles from the 1600s to 1870s. It summarizes the key details and influences of each building, including their materials, prominent architectural features, and cultural influences. The buildings highlighted include examples of Spanish Colonial, English Colonial, Georgian, Federal, Neoclassical, Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, Italian Revival, Cast Iron, High Victorian Gothic, Second Empire styles. Locations span from New Mexico to Virginia, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Washington D.C., and beyond.

1. Palace of the GovernorsSanta Fe, NM 1600Spanish colonialOldest colonial building in USBuilt by Native Americans in the areaCombination of Spanish and Native American stylesWooden columns in front of typical adobe front

2. San EstevanAcoma, NM1650Spanish ColonialGreatest example of Spanish colonialPart of Acoma Pueblo village, on 400 ft high plateauSettled far before Spanish came, taken over by CoronadoIn isolated area, difficult for builidingStone core with adobe over top, walls 9 ft thickTwo towers show European influenceSymbol of Spanish rule

3. Castillo de San MarcosSt. Augustine, FL1700Spanish Colonial Native Americans and inmates (motley crew) of buildersSharp triangular wallsMade of Coquina (sea shells & sand compressed)Walls sloped and 25 ft tall and 7 ft thick

4. San Xavier del BacTucson, AZ 1800Spanish ColonialStill intact todayKnown as white dove of desert Bac = Native American, Xavier = Catholic, combo of two culturesStrong use of geometryVaulted dome spacesObvious European influence

5. Bacon’s CastleSurrey County, VA 1650English Colonial2 story brick4 rooms, two per floorVery symmetricalVery little exterior decorationNamed for Nathanial BaconTypical set up for houses for the next century or so

6. St. Luke’s ChurchSmithfield, VA 1600English ColonialSimilar to small English churchesTowerSteep roofFollowed Anglican waysBuilt an easy ride from plantationsMultiple similar churches built

7. Parson CapenHouseTopsfield, MA1700English ColonialTypical beam house, clapboardWindows originally diamond shapeVery steep roof, made for snow to fall offJetty (roof over hang)Southward facing entrance b/c it is warmestLow ceilings with exposed beamsLack of room division, no personal space

8. Old Ship Meeting HouseHingham, MA1700English ColonialRejected typical cruciform shapeSquare formed with hipped roofOne big auditoriumNo religious ornamentationBelief god could be experienced in any settingTypical Puritan worship setting

9. BYRD“Westover”Charles City County, VA 1700GeorgianRivaled governor's palaceMain entrance by riverSimilar to English country housesDouble-pile house with grand entrance hall and stairway

10. McPhedris-Warner HousePortsmouth, NH1700GeorgianDouble-pileSymmetrical façade with ornamental door decorated with pilasters and carved capitolsTraditional English countryside house

11. PRICEChrist Church(Old North)Boston, MA 1700GeorgianBrick with wooden spireChurch where lanterns were hung to warn of British invasion Simple interior, two stories (upper for women)Tallest building in Boston for a time

12. KEARSLEYChrist ChurchPhiladelphia, PA1700GeorgianDifferent from Christ Church in BostonUsed ornamentation and pilasters same arched windows

13. HARRISONRedwood LibraryNewport, RI 1750GeorgianFirst library in AmericaPalladio designed a similar structures centuries before (looks back to older pattern books)Wooden clipboard façade make to look like stoneThe massive temple front is not cohesive with rest of building

14. HAMILTONIndependence HallPhiladelphia, PA 1750GeorgianBuilt as capitol buildingVery similar to Statehouse in Boston which was smaller scaleSimilar to Buckingham Palace (would have been seen in book by Campbell)In Palladian styleSimple non-ornamented structureSymmetrical and orderlyTower added after initial building campaign

15. “Mount Pleasant” Philadelphia, PA 1750GeorgianTwo full stories plus atticGeometric, Palladian windowsLogical proportions for buildingFlanked with dependencies

16. McBEANSt. Paul’s ChapelNew York, NY1750GeorgianOldest church still standing in NYCDone by “amateur architect”Student of James Gibbs

17. BLODGETFirst Bank of the U.S.Philadelphia, PA 1800FederalClassical grandeurBased on engravingImitation of ancient Roman architectural formsPortico similar to La Madeline in Paris about 30 yrs later

18. BULFINCHHarrison Gray Otis House Boston, MA1800 FederalBased on William Bingham house Façade dominated by neoclassical precision and simplicityClean and crisp linesUse of Palladian window

19. BULFINCH Massachusetts State HouseBoston, MA1800 FederalBased on English neoclassical architectureRed brick highlights golden domeCorinthian columnsPalladian influence

20. L’ENFANTPlan for Washington D.C. 1800FederalPlaced capitol at center of cityPresident’s house in NW sectorPlaced on rectangular gridUsed grand scale as in Versailles

21. JEFFERSONVirginia State CapitolRichmond 1800NeoclassicalFirst sign of Neoclassical style coming to USClassical portico symbolized democratic, republican and humanistic values for the young country

22. JEFFERSON MonticelloCharlottesville, VA 1800NeoclassicalHexagonal dome on central axisLarge porch area that looks back to RomeLove of geometry and reason

23. JEFFERSON Univ. of VA Charlottesville 1800Neoclassical Idea of creating a scheme for the entire universityRejected English models of universityTemple front ( with dome, based on PantheonArms stretch out from Rotunda, housing dormitories

24. LATROBEBaltimore CathedralBaltimore, MD 1800 Neoclassical1st Catholic cathedral in USTraditional cruciform, bell towers, and domeGiant dome over takes space making rectangular building feel roundLa Trobe was revolutionary in his desire to be paid for designing

25. STRICKLANDSecond Bank of the U.S.Philadelphia, PA 1800Greek Revival Designed by contest winnerCopied right out of Greece in Pantheon but differs inTunnel vaulted spaceColumns only at front and back, not all the way around

26. WALTERGirard College Philadelphia, PA 1850Greek RevivalMoney for college given by GirardExact dimensions given in his willImpractical design however, top level bad for learning, very dark due to lack of windows, marble made it echo…Peristyle (columns all the way around)Corinthian capitolsVery, very expensive of white marble

27. UPJOHNTrinity ChurchNew York, NY 1850Gothic RevivalPlace for rich at time to worshipTypical set up, side chapelsMade of brownstoneInside plaster used to look like stoneGothic yet takes away use of flying buttress

28. A.J. DAVIS LyndhurstTarrytown, NY 1850Gothic Revival Result of two building campaignsMeanders and spread across landscapeEarthy colorEach room inside a different shape and sizeIrregular and unpredictable

29. RENWICKSt. Patrick’s CathedralNew York, NY 1850Gothic Revival At time built far from NYC populousSharp arches and cruciformTypical French GothicLack of flying buttress

30. RENWICKSmithsonian Institution (The Castle) Washington D.C. 1850Romanesque RevivalBuilt from money given by British scientist in his willDone in Romanesque style after scandal of Girard collegeExplored style that had been reserved for Catholic cathedrals

31. AUSTINVictoria MansionPortland, ME 1850Italian RevivalLike an Italian villaSquare tower serves no purpose but picturesque qualityBuilt of brown stoneOrnamental porches decoratedMolding on window pediments

32. GAYNOR & BADGERHaughwout StoreNew York, NY1850Cast Iron ArchitectureIn Soho, very common to have cast iron buildingsOriginally an early version of a department storeMaterial allowed for the tallest buildings people were used toAllowed for bright open buildings with large windows (decorated with elaborate ornamentation)Only five stories all but sign of the future, skyscrapers coming….Easy to pour iron into mold and weld togetherAppears stone like

33. WIGHTNational Academy of DesignNew York, NY1850High Victorian GothicBased on Ducal Palace in SienaOnly used for about 30 yrsTorn down in 1901Most High Victorian Goth buildings demolished

34. WARE & VAN BRUNTHarvard University Memorial HallCambridge, MA1870 High Victorian GothicHigh Victorian GothicBuilt to honor those who died in Civil WarVery colorful: marble, wood, sandstone, granite (available due to train travel) Interior appears like HogwartsVery ornamentalMix of styles from multiple countries

35. MULLETT Old Executive Office BuildingWashington D.C.1870Second Empire StyleSimilarities to Louvre additions called Second Empire MovementPrestige and affluenceMulti-story, little columns on each storySecond Empire style disliked and most buildings torn down

36. McARTHURCity HallPhiladelphia, PA1870 Second Empire StyleBy the time building finished style was strongly dislikedDesire to demolish was fought due to expenseCast iron relief sculptures