Urban regeneration is one of the important agendas of Turkey as a developing country. Rapid urbanization problems have been causing vital social and economic problems together with physical and spatial ones especially in big cities of Turkey. Thus, national and local governments handled urban regeneration as a practical method for solution of these problems. However, they unfortunately don’t implement urban regeneration according to its real requirements. Instead, this multi-dimensional and complex process is seen as a pull down and built up operation. Considering this situation and being in awareness of the responsibilities of architects throughout urban regeneration process, the authors think that urban regeneration should be discussed in the scope of architectural education. This paper presents the purpose, the process and the products of an undergraduate architectural design studio that was undertaken at Bursa Uludağ University, Faculty of Architecture. The architectural and urban design projects of the students of which aim was to offer a livable and sustainable mixed used living environments are discussed together with their conceptual backgrounds. Putting stress on the differences between theory and practice, the conclusion introduces a critical evaluation of urban regeneration and sustainable housing concepts in Turkey.
Integration of Urban Design and Industrial Estate Planning, a Case Study: Med...drboon
There is no clear sense of urban design direction and even though considerable progress has been made in social and economic aspects, the quality of physical urban environment is still relatively low. While there are numerous studies commenting on urban design elements in city centre, little was written on the design elements of industrial areas. This paper will try to compare two industrial estates (KIM I and KIM II) in Medan, Indonesia as a case study. The aim is to have some assessment of how some urban design elements are being applied in both areas. To do this, urban design elements from Lynch (path, edge, district, node and landmark) and design guidelines from The Ministry of Industry were combined and used for analysis. From the comparison, KIM I development was more ad hoc and KIM II has more complete facilities and more friendly. Urban development in these cases continues to face the issues of accommodating economic development with a more balanced approach which includes promoting environmental sustainability, reconciling old and new development as well as matching development plans with economic expansion.
Urban spaces reflect the reality of city life, like a mirror. This research aims to examine and analyze the advanced aesthetic, functional, and environmental performance of urban public spaces by assessing the current situation and highlighting the role of creativity in developing these spaces. To clarify the research scope, Şişhane Park in İstanbul, Turkey was studied to define the requirements of creative standards, evaluate these competencies and choose the appropriate architectural style and urban furniture. In addition, to learn ways of preserving those elements for longer life. The analytical descriptive approach was the research method utilized in order to arrive at a set of results that ascertain the reality of the aesthetic, functional, and environmental performance of urban public spaces, and the reflection of the contemporary role in developing these spaces, which can contribute to addressing weaknesses and bolster the strength points in the formation of public urban spaces around the world.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2020), 4(2), 67-86.
https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2020.v4n2-7
www.ijcua.com
THE METHODS AND PRINCIPLES OF SETTLEMENTS DEVELOPMENT FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT LA...Rusmin R
: This study discusses the concept of settlement development for energy-efficient housing
as one of the elements of the concept of sustainable development. The application of a sustainable
development system in regional planning can be carried out by applying sustainable development
principles such as equitable development, energy saving, ecological or environmental preservation,
economic development which focuses on improving performance, and maximizing the absorption
of community participation in the development process. In this case, humans must manage society
and its own products, especially settlement. Hence, applying aspects of sustainable development in
the conventional practice of regional planning is an important approach to reach sustainable settlement around the world. Moreover, the study of the application of this development concept is not
only in the scope of the local plan as settlement, but also in the scope of the subdivision plan as
neighborhood. Therefore, this study aims to study several existing reference concepts to find the
methods and principles of energy-efficient and sustainable natural settlements that are suitable for
application in the zone of Bintan island, Indonesia.
The Congress for the New Urbanism views disinvestment in centr.docxrtodd643
The Congress for the New Urbanism views disinvestment in central cities, the
spread of placeless sprawl, increasing separation by race and income, environmental
deterioration, loss of agricultural lands and wilderness, and the erosion of society’s
built heritage as one interrelated community-building challenge.
We stand for the restoration of existing urban centers and towns within coherent
metropolitan regions, the reconfiguration of sprawling suburbs into communities of
real neighborhoods and diverse districts, the conservation of natural environments,
and the preservation of our built legacy.
We advocate the restructuring of public policy and development practices to
support the following principles: neighborhoods should be diverse in use and
population; communities should be designed for the pedestrian and transit as well
as the car; cities and towns should be shaped by physically defined and universally
accessible public spaces and community institutions; urban places should be framed
by architecture and landscape design that celebrate local history, climate, ecology,
and building practice.
We recognize that physical solutions by themselves will not solve social and economic
problems, but neither can economic vitality, community stability, and environmental
health be sustained without a coherent and supportive physical framework.
We represent a broad-based citizenry, composed of public and private sector
leaders, community activists, and multidisciplinary professionals. We are committed
to reestablishing the relationship between the art of building and the making
of community, through citizen-based participatory planning and design.
We dedicate ourselves to reclaiming our homes, blocks, streets, parks, neighborhoods,
districts, towns, cities, regions, and environment.
Continued on back...
1) Metropolitan regions are finite places with
geographic boundaries derived from topography,
watersheds, coastlines, farmlands, regional parks,
and river basins. The metropolis is made of
multiple centers that are cities, towns, and villages,
each with its own identifiable center and edges.
2) The metropolitan region is a fundamental
economic unit of the contemporary world.
Governmental cooperation, public policy, physical
planning, and economic strategies must reflect
this new reality.
3) The metropolis has a necessary and fragile
relationship to its agrarian hinterland and natural
landscapes. The relationship is environmental,
economic, and cultural. Farmland and nature are
as important to the metropolis as the garden is
to the house.
4) Development patterns should not blur or
eradicate the edges of the metropolis. Infill
development within existing urban areas
conserves environmental resources, economic
investment, and social fabric, while reclaiming
marginal and abandoned areas. Metropolitan
regions should develop strategies to encourage
such infill development over peripheral expans.
REDEFINING ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATIONIN THE ERA OF GLOBALISATION AND LIBERLISATI...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Architectural education stands at cross-roads looking for its identity and direction , which will make education more rational, realistic, productive, focused, objective and relevant to the profession of architecture. As it stands today architectural education remains outdated and irrelevant. Architecture, as a profession, has always been known to be evolving, devolving never static and never finite. The role and importance of education in any field of built environment is well recognized. Quality of any profession has been found to have high degree of dependency on the quality of professionals serving the basic needs of the profession. However, quality of professionals is closely linked to the quality of education imparted to train the professionals. Accordingly, intent, content and pattern of education imparted assumes criticality in promoting the quality of any profession and architectural education in no exception to this principle. Architectural education has only recently been recognized as one of the critical components of profession of architecture. Very little effort/research has been made in the past to rationalize the system of architectural education in order to keep pace with the dynamism of the profession. In the process, architectural education has become highly static, far removed from current architectural practices unable to meet the challenges posed by globalization and liberalization. In order to mke architectural education more relevant, productive and supportive of the profession, agenda for architectural education needs to be revisited, reviewed, revised and redefined.
Brownfield Sites as Catalysts for Sustainable Urban Regenerationand the Deman...IEREK Press
Almost two decades today, the topic of brownfields has extensively been researched in urban sociology, urban planning, and human geography, and numerous Western-Centric studies have linked the redevelopment of the abandoned, contaminated, vacant or derelict sites to sustainable urban regeneration and achieving smart cities and sustainability goals in general. Yet, until this day, the concept has received little academic and practical attention in Middle Eastern contexts. Western contexts on the other hand including Europe, UK and USA continue to offer unique perspectives on approaching brownfields in ways that reduce the alarming spatial cluttering and address socio-spatial disparities and spatial segregation in addition to achieving economic and environmental goals, and similar to the global scene, brownfield sites make a large portion of the post-industrial city of Amman, the capital of Jordan. However, with the lack of a systematic definition for the urban phenomenon objectives, methods to identifying potential brownfield sites and evaluating the prioritisation of their redevelopment that takes into consideration context particularities, and with the absence of participative approaches that include the local community in the decision-making regarding these spaces, city planners fail to include the increasingly growing number of brownfield site that proliferate their cities in the urban planning practice. Through the examination of literature discussions on objectives, approaches, classification systems, methodologies, assessment and evaluation tools for the support of design and prioritising decisions for brownfield regeneration indifferent contexts, and through looking at the numerous potential alternatives for brownfield sites regeneration these contexts highlight, this paper bids to emphasise the importance of developing context specific, localised tools tailored for the Middle Eastern case. Building on the above, this paper identifies five potential brownfield typologies in the context of Amman; (1)residual planning outcomes; (2) discontinued mines and quarries; (3) unfinished mega-projects; (4) contaminated and hazardous sites, and; (5) miscellaneous abandoned sites and buildings, and ends on the note that looking at the increasing demand to meeting smart growth and sustainability needs, these urban landscapes may function as catalysts for achieving comprehensive sustainable urban regeneration.
Natural Urban Heritage and Preservation Policies: the Case of Kyoto’s Waterways.IEREK Press
The value of natural heritage within urban areas is nowadays gaining recognition, but there are still no clear reference frameworks to confront the complexities of their management. In this discussion, the challenges of the association of historical preservation and urban nature are explored through the analysis of the management of Kyoto’s waterways. The conflicts caused by the rapid modernization of Japan at the end of 19thcentury find in Kyoto a remarkable expression in the tensions between renovation and conservation, providing a fertile frame for discussion. Relevant achievements and shortcomings of Kyoto ́s experience are here analyzed, considering how the preservation of historic landscapes affected the protection of urban rivers, the relationship between sustainability and heritage, and the new environmentally aware approaches to river improvement.
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Integration of Urban Design and Industrial Estate Planning, a Case Study: Med...drboon
There is no clear sense of urban design direction and even though considerable progress has been made in social and economic aspects, the quality of physical urban environment is still relatively low. While there are numerous studies commenting on urban design elements in city centre, little was written on the design elements of industrial areas. This paper will try to compare two industrial estates (KIM I and KIM II) in Medan, Indonesia as a case study. The aim is to have some assessment of how some urban design elements are being applied in both areas. To do this, urban design elements from Lynch (path, edge, district, node and landmark) and design guidelines from The Ministry of Industry were combined and used for analysis. From the comparison, KIM I development was more ad hoc and KIM II has more complete facilities and more friendly. Urban development in these cases continues to face the issues of accommodating economic development with a more balanced approach which includes promoting environmental sustainability, reconciling old and new development as well as matching development plans with economic expansion.
Urban spaces reflect the reality of city life, like a mirror. This research aims to examine and analyze the advanced aesthetic, functional, and environmental performance of urban public spaces by assessing the current situation and highlighting the role of creativity in developing these spaces. To clarify the research scope, Şişhane Park in İstanbul, Turkey was studied to define the requirements of creative standards, evaluate these competencies and choose the appropriate architectural style and urban furniture. In addition, to learn ways of preserving those elements for longer life. The analytical descriptive approach was the research method utilized in order to arrive at a set of results that ascertain the reality of the aesthetic, functional, and environmental performance of urban public spaces, and the reflection of the contemporary role in developing these spaces, which can contribute to addressing weaknesses and bolster the strength points in the formation of public urban spaces around the world.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2020), 4(2), 67-86.
https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2020.v4n2-7
www.ijcua.com
THE METHODS AND PRINCIPLES OF SETTLEMENTS DEVELOPMENT FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT LA...Rusmin R
: This study discusses the concept of settlement development for energy-efficient housing
as one of the elements of the concept of sustainable development. The application of a sustainable
development system in regional planning can be carried out by applying sustainable development
principles such as equitable development, energy saving, ecological or environmental preservation,
economic development which focuses on improving performance, and maximizing the absorption
of community participation in the development process. In this case, humans must manage society
and its own products, especially settlement. Hence, applying aspects of sustainable development in
the conventional practice of regional planning is an important approach to reach sustainable settlement around the world. Moreover, the study of the application of this development concept is not
only in the scope of the local plan as settlement, but also in the scope of the subdivision plan as
neighborhood. Therefore, this study aims to study several existing reference concepts to find the
methods and principles of energy-efficient and sustainable natural settlements that are suitable for
application in the zone of Bintan island, Indonesia.
The Congress for the New Urbanism views disinvestment in centr.docxrtodd643
The Congress for the New Urbanism views disinvestment in central cities, the
spread of placeless sprawl, increasing separation by race and income, environmental
deterioration, loss of agricultural lands and wilderness, and the erosion of society’s
built heritage as one interrelated community-building challenge.
We stand for the restoration of existing urban centers and towns within coherent
metropolitan regions, the reconfiguration of sprawling suburbs into communities of
real neighborhoods and diverse districts, the conservation of natural environments,
and the preservation of our built legacy.
We advocate the restructuring of public policy and development practices to
support the following principles: neighborhoods should be diverse in use and
population; communities should be designed for the pedestrian and transit as well
as the car; cities and towns should be shaped by physically defined and universally
accessible public spaces and community institutions; urban places should be framed
by architecture and landscape design that celebrate local history, climate, ecology,
and building practice.
We recognize that physical solutions by themselves will not solve social and economic
problems, but neither can economic vitality, community stability, and environmental
health be sustained without a coherent and supportive physical framework.
We represent a broad-based citizenry, composed of public and private sector
leaders, community activists, and multidisciplinary professionals. We are committed
to reestablishing the relationship between the art of building and the making
of community, through citizen-based participatory planning and design.
We dedicate ourselves to reclaiming our homes, blocks, streets, parks, neighborhoods,
districts, towns, cities, regions, and environment.
Continued on back...
1) Metropolitan regions are finite places with
geographic boundaries derived from topography,
watersheds, coastlines, farmlands, regional parks,
and river basins. The metropolis is made of
multiple centers that are cities, towns, and villages,
each with its own identifiable center and edges.
2) The metropolitan region is a fundamental
economic unit of the contemporary world.
Governmental cooperation, public policy, physical
planning, and economic strategies must reflect
this new reality.
3) The metropolis has a necessary and fragile
relationship to its agrarian hinterland and natural
landscapes. The relationship is environmental,
economic, and cultural. Farmland and nature are
as important to the metropolis as the garden is
to the house.
4) Development patterns should not blur or
eradicate the edges of the metropolis. Infill
development within existing urban areas
conserves environmental resources, economic
investment, and social fabric, while reclaiming
marginal and abandoned areas. Metropolitan
regions should develop strategies to encourage
such infill development over peripheral expans.
REDEFINING ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATIONIN THE ERA OF GLOBALISATION AND LIBERLISATI...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Architectural education stands at cross-roads looking for its identity and direction , which will make education more rational, realistic, productive, focused, objective and relevant to the profession of architecture. As it stands today architectural education remains outdated and irrelevant. Architecture, as a profession, has always been known to be evolving, devolving never static and never finite. The role and importance of education in any field of built environment is well recognized. Quality of any profession has been found to have high degree of dependency on the quality of professionals serving the basic needs of the profession. However, quality of professionals is closely linked to the quality of education imparted to train the professionals. Accordingly, intent, content and pattern of education imparted assumes criticality in promoting the quality of any profession and architectural education in no exception to this principle. Architectural education has only recently been recognized as one of the critical components of profession of architecture. Very little effort/research has been made in the past to rationalize the system of architectural education in order to keep pace with the dynamism of the profession. In the process, architectural education has become highly static, far removed from current architectural practices unable to meet the challenges posed by globalization and liberalization. In order to mke architectural education more relevant, productive and supportive of the profession, agenda for architectural education needs to be revisited, reviewed, revised and redefined.
Brownfield Sites as Catalysts for Sustainable Urban Regenerationand the Deman...IEREK Press
Almost two decades today, the topic of brownfields has extensively been researched in urban sociology, urban planning, and human geography, and numerous Western-Centric studies have linked the redevelopment of the abandoned, contaminated, vacant or derelict sites to sustainable urban regeneration and achieving smart cities and sustainability goals in general. Yet, until this day, the concept has received little academic and practical attention in Middle Eastern contexts. Western contexts on the other hand including Europe, UK and USA continue to offer unique perspectives on approaching brownfields in ways that reduce the alarming spatial cluttering and address socio-spatial disparities and spatial segregation in addition to achieving economic and environmental goals, and similar to the global scene, brownfield sites make a large portion of the post-industrial city of Amman, the capital of Jordan. However, with the lack of a systematic definition for the urban phenomenon objectives, methods to identifying potential brownfield sites and evaluating the prioritisation of their redevelopment that takes into consideration context particularities, and with the absence of participative approaches that include the local community in the decision-making regarding these spaces, city planners fail to include the increasingly growing number of brownfield site that proliferate their cities in the urban planning practice. Through the examination of literature discussions on objectives, approaches, classification systems, methodologies, assessment and evaluation tools for the support of design and prioritising decisions for brownfield regeneration indifferent contexts, and through looking at the numerous potential alternatives for brownfield sites regeneration these contexts highlight, this paper bids to emphasise the importance of developing context specific, localised tools tailored for the Middle Eastern case. Building on the above, this paper identifies five potential brownfield typologies in the context of Amman; (1)residual planning outcomes; (2) discontinued mines and quarries; (3) unfinished mega-projects; (4) contaminated and hazardous sites, and; (5) miscellaneous abandoned sites and buildings, and ends on the note that looking at the increasing demand to meeting smart growth and sustainability needs, these urban landscapes may function as catalysts for achieving comprehensive sustainable urban regeneration.
Natural Urban Heritage and Preservation Policies: the Case of Kyoto’s Waterways.IEREK Press
The value of natural heritage within urban areas is nowadays gaining recognition, but there are still no clear reference frameworks to confront the complexities of their management. In this discussion, the challenges of the association of historical preservation and urban nature are explored through the analysis of the management of Kyoto’s waterways. The conflicts caused by the rapid modernization of Japan at the end of 19thcentury find in Kyoto a remarkable expression in the tensions between renovation and conservation, providing a fertile frame for discussion. Relevant achievements and shortcomings of Kyoto ́s experience are here analyzed, considering how the preservation of historic landscapes affected the protection of urban rivers, the relationship between sustainability and heritage, and the new environmentally aware approaches to river improvement.
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The current city calls for the reconsideration of a close relationship between gray infrastructure and public spaces, understanding the infrastructure as a set of items, equipment, or services required for the functioning of a country, a City. Ambato, Ecuador, is a current intermediate city, has less than 1% of the urban surface with use of public green spaces, which represents a figure below the 9m2/ hab., recommended by OMS. The aim of this paper was to identify urban public spaces that switches of green infrastructure in the city today, applying a methodology of qualitative studies. With an exploratory descriptive level analysis, in three stages, stage of theoretical foundation product of a review of the existing literature, which is the theoretical support of the relationship gray infrastructure public spaces equal to green infrastructure. Subsequent to this case study, discussed with criteria aimed at green infrastructure and in the public spaces of the study area. Finally, after processing and analysis of the results, we provide conclusions for urban public space as a definition of the green infrastructure of the current city of Latin America; in the latter, the focus is to support this article.
Revitalization Strategy for Historic Core of AhmedabadIEREK Press
In India, dense historic urban settlements were developed with the intention of provision of spaces for adequate engagement of the people. Public squares and streets became important places of interaction. ‘Historic core,’ especially had public spaces meant for various socioeconomic groups. Ahmedabad city is a blend of a harmonious past and a vivacious present. Number of historical and architecturally important buildings were built during Muslim and Moghul rules. One of the first built structures within the walled city is the Bhadra fort, a citadel founded by sultan Ahmed Shah in 1411 with a huge public square in front, developed for purpose of procession and gathering. This Bhadra precinct went through various layers of transformation in different eras and now have become vulnerable due to congestion and encroachment. Though, a need for intervention was felt to bring back the lost vitality of the Bhadra precinct, it was realized that a comprehensive approach would be the necessity. Conservation and sensitive development approach was taken to tackle this problem through pedestrianization of the Bhadra precinct, rerouting of traffic and restoration of Bhadra fort. Larger level traffic and parking issues were also considered be-yond the site. Alternative use of Bhadra fort as tourist information center was considered. Urban design guidelines were proposed for harmonious development in the surrounding area. This proposal was considered for funding under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission(JnNURM)and was implemented. Many issues were faced during implementation of Bhadra project due to contextualization of informal commercial, religious and other cultural activities. Political, social and administrative factors also played immense role in implementation of proposal. Now since Ahmedabad has achieved the status of World Heritage City through UNESCO certification further implementation of this project will be relatively easy due to envisaged strong political and administrative support.
Unlocking the Potentials of Urban Architecture in Enhancing theQuality of Urb...IEREK Press
Currently more than half of world population are living in cities, while world is witnessing a rapid urbanization process particularly in cities of the developing and emerging countries, where urban poverty areas (UPA) with low quality of urban life (QUL) and lack of the usual urban spaces are the most significant urban phenomena that characterized those cities. In such an urban context there is a need for an efficient tool that contributes positively to the enhancement of the QUL, meanwhile to provide the best use of the rare vacant lands. This study argues that urban architecture as a design field offers a distinctive approach to a special type of buildings made for an urban setting, thus it can enhance the QUL in UPA through community projects. The study is based on an analytical study of selected cases of community projects in UPA that represents examples of how urban architecture through its potentials has a positive impact on its urban context, notably through community projects that strongly linked to real community needs. The results showed that urban architecture as a design approach for community projects have multiple roles that boost the socio-economic daily life, as well it supports various environmental issues towards better QUL.
The Sinkhole Occurrence Risk Mitigation in Urban Areas for the Historic Salt ...IEREK Press
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In Search of a Tool to Support Planning Inside Large Cities: the SustaIn-LED ...IEREK Press
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Estimation of Coating Materials Contribution to the TVOCsEmissions of Wood Fl...IEREK Press
Based on the increasing concern about the exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from indoor finishing materials, industrial companies are called to meet the growing demand for more sustainable products. Recently, most designers and consumers have more environmental considerations while selecting the finishing materials. These considerations are related to the VOCs content of the finishing material itself regardless of its coating layers. Nowadays, interior wood coatings are commonly applied to large surfaces (ceilings, walls, floors) and many types of furnishing, leading to a high loading factor (surface-to-volume ratio). These coatings might contribute significantly to the VOCs emissions due to repeatedly and periodically use during maintenance, remodeling, and renovation of interior spaces. The aim of this study is to estimate the wood coating materials contribution to the TVOCs emissions of wood product in the indoor environment to shed light on the importance of comprehensive analysis of wood material with all treatment coatings. So, a small interior space with controlled temperature, relative humidity, and air exchange rate was simulated using IA-Quest program to investigate the influence of three wood coating materials; stain, wax, and varnish which were applied to an area of natural hardwood Oak floor. The TVOCs emission data resulted from the different coated wood floor was compared with VOCs emissions caused by the natural wood floor to find out the coating material contribution in TVOCs emissions of a wood flooring material
Sustainable Park Landscaping as an Approach for theDevelopment of the Built E...IEREK Press
Implementing sustainable principles when landscaping parks is vital for the development of the built environment, and should take into account environmental, social, economic, and cultural aspects, in order to eliminate conflict between developmental requirements, and the need to preserve cultural and natural resources. This paper reviews the guidelines that should be considered for current and future sustainable parks in regions with a moderate climate, in order to ensure that they incorporate ecotourism, cost effective operation and maintenance, a clean environment, the promotion of renewable energy, and resource preservation. A number of parks, located in moderate climate zones, are studied in terms of aspects such as their location, topography, operation, and landscaping characteristics, to demonstrate the prevailing normative values that can be applied to sustainable park design. Prince Meshari Park, in Al-Baha city, Saudi Arabia, is employed as a case study for applying all of the guidelines proposed in this investigation, and to highlight some of their merits and limitations in terms of the current situation of the park.
Load Shifting Assessment of Residential Heat Pump System in JapanIEREK Press
With the economic growth and increasing requirement of indoor thermal comfort, the load of building sector presents a greater variability. This paper aims at analyzing the energy consumption characteristics and influencing factors of the residential heat pump system. Firstly, we selected residential households as investigated objective in Kitakyushu, Japan, and compared the energy saving performances of heat supply systems between heat pump and natural gas boiler. The results were based on real measured residential load during winter period, and calculated the cost saving performance of residential heat pump system compared with traditional natural gas boiler. We also did a survey of residential occupation behavior for the 12 selected residential customers. The result indicated that there was low relationship between power consumption and occupation hours, and the number of family members had a significant impact on the power consumption. The results indicate that residential heat pump system presented promising energy saving and cost reduction potential
A Model Proposed for the Prediction of Future Sustainable Residence Specifica...IEREK Press
In Egypt, people are unable to determine the qualities of appropriate residence that achieves quality and occupant satisfaction, and contributes to sustainability of residential conglomerations. In general, developing countries lack housing information which can be used to enhance quality of residence. Also, the methods of assessing and identifying the appropriate criteria for future residence quality remain traditional ones that cannot address the multiple, conflicting, overlapping aspects to reach a good decision. This calls for using the Analytical Network Process (ANP), an effective tool for specifying the relative importance of all factors impacting a specific issue for making an appropriate residential decision. In addition, this method provides results for the decision element impacts network within the decision structure; thus contributing to more understanding of the mechanisms and requirements of residence selection. The proposed decision structure comprises a two-level network: main clusters, main elements, and sub-elements included in the demographic characteristics group, the residence criteria group, the demand parameters group, the supply parameters group, the residence specifications group, and the alternatives group which representing, in total, the decision and specifying the percentage needed for each housing level. Results of the model showed complete capacity in smoothly addressing complexities and overlapping in the decision structure. The decision structure showed that 52% chose luxury residence, 28% chose middle-class residence, and 19.5% chose the economic residence. Mechanisms of decision making were analyzed; particularly in terms of relationship to demographic characteristics and residence specifications. Also, the importance and impact of demand / supply parameters in reaching decision were analyzed
Development of an Open-Source Water Consumption Meter for HousingIEREK Press
This article reports on the project "Design and development of water and gas P.L. measurement devices in the housing: an approach to sustainable consumption in Mexico", prepared at the Metropolitan Autonomous University in the Department of the Environment, whose objective was to develop a device to measure water consumption in the housing, which allows users to know their spending and can make decisions in favor of efficiency through the reduction of water use in household activities. The meter is made up of open source, programmable or reconfigurable software, which receives the signal from a water flow sensor and a casing designed to contain the hardware and facilitate the user's installation. Both the hardware and the casing can be purchased, downloaded, manufactured and assembled at home (Do It Yourself). As specific results were obtained: hardware programming and housing design and as a final result: the assembly of the functional prototype with which measurements of water consumption were made in a housing in Mexico. With this work we conclude that through the development of new accessible and common measurement technologies for the users of a house, it will be possible to promote efficiency in the use of natural resources in cities, increasing availability and promoting a more sustainable urban development.
Multi-Scale Assessment of Urban Gardens as Constructed Habitats for Biodivers...IEREK Press
Biodiversity in arid urban environments depends upon habitat formation that balances both bioclimatic and biophysical environment needs. There is the potential for urban gardens to establish symbiotic ecosystem services from microhabitat formation that collectively form an assemblage of ecological patches to connect a diverse range of flora and fauna, and establish community driven nursery and seed collection initiatives. This study of urban garden habitats situated within a new urban district of Jeddah Saudi. The analysis concentrates on the ability of garden spatial formations to construct a heterogeneous spatial morphology of sub-patch within the larger urban landscape patch. Patch and subpatch formations are examined based on the criteria of (I) assemblage of the spatial habitat (characterized by shape and spatial organization); (II) integration of spatial, functional and vegetation plantation patterns; (III) connectivity. Findings reveal that garden layout is structured by the integration and layering of plant types to generate cool understory habitat with seedling establishment, and water conservation. Designed layout of the garden as a spatial pattern is augmented with a range of microclimate mediators to dim solar exposure within the plantation habitat. A strong heterogeneity in plant formations and combinations is seen to dominant the garden formations.
Typology and Solar Gain Analysis: Vernacular Courtyard Houses of Tabriz, IranIEREK Press
The study presents the results of typological analysis and simulation modeling analysis of traditional courtyard residential houses in the cold semi-arid climate of Iran. The purpose of the research has been to analyze and evaluate traditional passive environmental strategies and their elements to provide implications for the design of sustainable residential buildings in contemporary time. Five existing traditional courtyard houses in the city of Tabriz, Iran, are used as case-studies to analyze the typology and the solar zoning conditions and to develop simulation models. The Ecotect simulation program is used to calculate the solar gains of the buildings and to analyze the effectiveness of the natural passive systems along with native design strategies in terms of potential solar gains of main and secondary living spaces. However, in the vernacular, not only the awareness of the climatic and topological considerations is important, but also the values, rituals, and beliefs that shape the design of the dwellings need to be considered. The research is based on the hypothesis that vernacular buildings (courtyard houses) of Iran have been environmentally sustainable structures. However, an important challenge of the study has been to avoid the technological bias and to consider the cultural and social aspects and embodiment of the studied houses, as well. The study also addresses the potential short comings that limit the reliability of Iranian vernacular architecture at present in order to arrive at a more holistic understanding of the sustainability of the vernacular architecture in the country.
Lessons Learned from the First Passivhaus Building in QatarIEREK Press
Energy efficient models have become the path to reduce energy consumption and Greenhouse gas emissions in the built environment in many developed countries. According to the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), new buildings constructed within the European Union (EU) countries are expected to be nearly zero energy buildings (nZEBs) by 2020, while new public buildings are expected to adhere to this target by 2018. The Passivhaus approach has been identified by several researchers as a possible roadmap to achieve nZEBs. The meticulous engineering and high standards of the Passivhaus building fabric, in addition to the high comfort levels, are the main reasons behind the success and widespread of the standard. Recently, in 2013 the Passivhaus principles have been applied to an experimental residential project in the hot and arid climate of Qatar. The project is composed of two identical buildings, one built according to the Passivhaus standard and the other according to normal practices in the country. The thermal performance and comfort levels of both buildings were assessed through dynamic simulation and on-site measurements. Results indicated that at least 50% reduction in annual operational energy, water consumption, and CO2 emissions were achieved in the Passivhaus model in comparison to the standard model. This paper aims to highlight the lessons learned through the Passivhaus project; first by exhibiting the Passivhaus criteria that have been met, second by showcasing the outcomes of the project, and third by displaying the barriers and difficulties that have been associated with building according to the standard in Qatar. Finally, recommendations and general guidelines are suggested towards a possible adoption of the Passivhaus standard in Qatar and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries
Optimal Sizing and Design of Isolated Micro-Grid systemsIEREK Press
Micro-grid and standalone schemes are emerging as a viable mixed source of electricity due to interconnected costly central power plants and associated faults as well as brownouts and blackouts in additions to costly fuels. Micro-Grid (MG) is gaining very importance to avoid or decrease these problems. The objective of this paper is to design an optimal sizing and energy management scheme of an isolated MG. The MG is suggested to supply load located in El-shorouk Academy, Egypt between 30.119 latitudes and 31.605 longitudes. The components of the MG are selected and designed for achieving minimum Total Investment Cost (TIC) with CO2 emissions limitations. This is accomplished by a search and optimization MATLAB code used with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) techniques. The use of Diesel Generators (DGs) is minimized by limiting the gaseous CO2 emissions as per targeted allowable amount. A comparison is accomplished for investigating the CO2 emissions constraints effects on the TIC in $/year and annual cost of energy in $/kWh. The obtained results verified and demonstrated that the designed MG configuration scheme is able to feed the energy entailed by the suggested load cost effectively and environmental friendly.
Regenerative Mobility: Disruption and Urban EvolutionIEREK Press
Mobility plays an important role in the cities by enabling people to carry out the most varied activities across the territory, as well as to ensure the city fully function. In addition, analogies to the human organism can be made by this urban dynamic, looking for solutions to specific issues. Moreover, this paper has been based by the premise that phenomena and urban elements could be conceptualized, explained and transformed from contemporary and innovative approaches applied in the medical field. For this reason, this paper aims to develop and present a new concept associated with urban mobility, based on the principles of regenerative medicine: the Regenerative Mobility, a concept with disruptive and evolutionary purposes. Furthermore, the structure of this paper is summarized by the introduction which contextualizes the theme, presents and characterizes the techniques used in the research. Additionally, the following chapters explore essential aspects of the city, explaining why it needs a mobility change and new concepts. Therefore, the concept of Regenerative Mobility is presented as a potential of mobility and cities improvement, followed by pragmatic cases, capable of illustrating some of its principles.
Unlocking the Potentials of Urban Architecture in Enhancing the Quality of Ur...IEREK Press
Currently more than half of world population are living in cities, while world is witnessing a rapid urbanization process particularly in cities of the developing and emerging countries, where urban poverty areas (UPA) with low quality of urban life (QUL) and lack of the usual urban spaces are the most significant urban phenomena that characterized those cities. In such an urban context there is a need for an efficient tool that contributes positively to the enhancement of the QUL, meanwhile to provide the best use of the rare vacant lands. This study argues that urban architecture as a design field offers a distinctive approach to a special type of buildings made for an urban setting, thus it can enhance the QUL in UPA through community projects. The study is based on an analytical study of selected cases of community projects in UPA that represents examples of how urban architecture through its potentials has a positive impact on its urban context, notably through community projects that strongly linked to real community needs. The results showed that urban architecture as a design approach for community projects have multiple roles that boost the socio-economic daily life, as well it supports various environmental issues towards better QUL.
Urban Public Space Axis Rector of Green Infrastructure in the Current City of...IEREK Press
The current city calls for the reconsideration of a close relationship between gray infrastructure and public spaces, understanding the infrastructure as a set of items, equipment, or services required for the functioning of a country, a City. Ambato, Ecuador, is a current intermediate city, has less than 1% of the urban surface with use of public green spaces, which represents a figure below the 9m2/ hab., recommended by OMS. The aim of this paper was to identify urban public spaces that switches of green infrastructure in the city today, applying a methodology of qualitative studies. With an exploratory descriptive level analysis, in three stages, stage of theoretical foundation product of a review of the existing literature, which is the theoretical support of the relationship gray infrastructure public spaces equal to green infrastructure. Subsequent to this case study, discussed with criteria aimed at green infrastructure and in the public spaces of the study area. Finally, after processing and analysis of the results, we provide conclusions for urban public space as a definition of the green infrastructure of the current city of Latin America; in the latter, the focus is to support this article.
The Sinkhole Occurrence Risk Mitigation in Urban Areas for the Historic Salt ...IEREK Press
The present research focuses on the definition of a novel methodology for sinkhole risk assessment above shallow salt mines. The research were carried out on the area above the Wieliczka salt mine, a World Heritage site. The study of vertical stresses on the basis of a theoretical state of rock mass deformation in the area of test chambers was performed. Furthermore, the risk of chamber collapse due to ventricular stress exceeding the limit specified in the zone were calculated based on the arch pressure theory. The final stage of the research consists of spatial analysis that leading to the identification of chambers potentially influenced by other risk factors. The research shown in the article strongly suggests that combined spatial analysis with geotechnical analysis may lead to reliable sinkhole risk assessment methodology.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR 2024.pptxnikitacareer3
Looking for the best engineering colleges in Jaipur for 2024?
Check out our list of the top 10 B.Tech colleges to help you make the right choice for your future career!
1) MNIT
2) MANIPAL UNIV
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5) JECRC
6) VIVEKANANDA GLOBAL UNIV
7) BIT JAIPUR
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9) AMITY UNIV.
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TO KNOW MORE ABOUT COLLEGES, FEES AND PLACEMENT, WATCH THE FULL VIDEO GIVEN BELOW ON "TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR"
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Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
2. Çahantimur/ Environmental Science and Sustainable Development
pg. 21
transformation activities, policies and processes should integrate technical, spatial and socioeconomic problems
with an holistic approach to reduce not only the negative impacts of urbanization, but also the harms of
environmental risks. On the other hand, urban regeneration should also improve the quality of urban life.
However, urban regeneration studies can not be implemented in this ideal form everywhere in the world. Especially
in developing countries which are experiencing a rapid urbanization process but have economic insufficiency, these
regeneration implementations are far away from ideal urban regeneration applications. Turkey is one of these
countries. Especially in big cities, demolition and reconstruction is generally referred to as "urban regeneration" by
local governments and contractors. In order to create livable cities that offer a sustainable life, ideal urban
regeneration practices should take the place of these practices, which threaten the future of the cities.
In this study, the importance of architectural education will be emphasized in the achievement of ideal urban
regeneration studies which will contribute to sustainable urban development. First, the current situation will be
clarified regarding the issue briefly mentioning the urban regeneration projects in Turkey. In the next section, the
architectural studio process and the products obtained by the authors will be presented, with emphasis on the
necessity of integrating concepts of housing, urban housing and urban regeneration with the concept of
sustainability in architectural education. The study concludes with the discussion of students' approach to the
subject. It is considered that this study once again emphasizes the importance of architectural design studios, which
form the backbone of the architectural education, for sustainable urban development.
2. Urban Regeneration in Turkey
The urban transformation studies carried out in Turkey can be classified as; urban regeneration in slum areas, urban
regeneration in urban centers, urban regeneration that is inevitable when industrial centers abandon the various
urban centers of successor cities, urban regeneration to reduce disaster damage and urban risks. Görgülü(2009),
indicates that the squatterization process experienced between 1950-1980 because of rapid internal and external
migration is an important breaking point for Turkey. In this period, the squatter areas that were formed by illegal
settlement became unhealthier with the improvement plans developed by local governments. This situation shows
that urban regeneration is perceived as a process of demolish and rebuild in Turkey. The years between 1980 and
2000 was the period in which especially the large cities of Turkey were affected by the outward-oriented liberal
economy and globalization. The two important developments in this period were; the construction of licensed and
unlicensed settlements in the city and the expansion of settlement areas towards the fringes of the city.
Urban regeneration studies observed in this period have shown their selves in the industrial, central and coastal
areas of the cities as well as in residential areas. Preservation of historic areas by gentrification is also began to be
used at this period, as well as renovation, rehabilitation and redevelopment of low quality and risky urban areas
(Ataöv and Osmay 2007).
Tekeli (2011), also emphasizes the importance of 1980s in the urban development process of Turkey. In the early
'80s, cities were growing with the increase in the number of individual buildings. Subsequently cities went on
growing with formation of large urban areas such as mass housing districts, education and service campuses, and
organized industrial zones.
These areas, which are far from the city centers, have caused the functions of the city centers to be derelict, or they
have been built to carry these functions from the city center. This situation has caused the cities to grow rapidly in
their vicinities. Regeneration studies have been implemented in these areas in order to ensure that vacated city
centers do not become a depressed area, and practices in these areas have generally resulted in gentrification.
In the period covering 2000 and beyond, local government's cooperation with the private sector accelerated and
urban regeneration was defined as a strategy for the first time. This strategy, which is defined as urban renewal
only, has begun to be applied to transform different urban parts into places with different uses. The gentrification
and preservation of the historical residential areas and the improvement of the apartment areas are the
implementations of this period.
3. Çahantimur/ Environmental Science and Sustainable Development
pg. 22
In addition to the implementations for improving the socio-economic disadvantages, the revitalization
implementations for tourism have been made and the implementations for transforming the slum areas into livable
residential areas have begun to gain importance. However, in Turkey, often it is observed that, urban regeneration
projects are far from taking reference from the architectural and urban identity of the city and they are alien to the
spirit of the city. Mostly focusing on real estate and ignoring the socio-cultural and economic necessities, the
implementations just have physical space arrangements. On the other hand, unfortunately, local people have been
the aggrieved party of all these studies.
3. Urban Regeneration Discussed in Architectural Education
As a rapidly developing country with so many implementations of urban regeneration projects in Turkey should be
considered as an opportunity to create livable and sustainable cities. However, in order to take advantage of this
opportunity architectural and urban design and practices that are consistent with sustainable urban development
principles are inevitable. At this point, it is necessary to put stress on the importance of architectural education.
During the past decades, urban environmental education and education for sustainability concepts have been
increasingly taking place in the undergraduate programs of architecture and urban design. As long as rapid
urbanisation continues to be one of the greatest challenges facing the world today, sustainability and sustainable
cities will be one of the main topics of design faculties. Many institutions that have included “sustainability”
concept in their mission and vision emphasize various sustainable urban development requirements in their
educational curriculum and apply them as different approaches. These can be summarized as; compact urban
design, creating livable communities through high quality design, encouraging sustainable building design and
sustainable housing, greening cities, encouraging sustainable energy use, maintaining and preserving built and
cultural heritage and promoting positive urban processes to create livable environments (Halliday, 2006).
On the other hand, Salama(2002) indicates that, embedding “sustainability” concept in architectural education has
made transdisciplinary thinking a necessity when architects, urban designers and planners are approaching the
design of the built environments. And the objective outcomes of transdisciplinary thinking paradigm can be seen
and evaluated via architectural design studios. As Ledewitz(1985) explains, enabling students to simulate an actual
process of professional action in a simplified way is the benefit of design projects. Thus, project-based learning is
considered to be the backbone of the design studios.
The validity of predicting that architectural education has an important role in achieving sustainable urban
regeneration ideally that has been discussed at the beginning of the study can be experienced in architectural design
studios. Problems about urban life and urban environment in real life should be addressed in design studios with
project-based and problem-solving approaches. Candidates of architects should experience this critical thinking
process with a holistic approach. The authors, who set out with the belief in this necessity, discussed sustainable
urban regeneration in architectural design studio 4, in which they collaborated.
3.1. The Case: An Architectural Design Studio Discussing Urban Regeneration
In the scope of this study, the aims, inclusion and outcomes of the Architectural Design Studio IV are presented via
example student projects. It is one of the main compulsory courses of the undergraduate Program of Architecture at
Faculty of Architecture in Bursa Uludağ University, Turkey. The main aim of this fourth design studio is to make
students conscious about the importance of existing natural and built environment throughout their design process.
The students are expected to develop solutions considering the potentials and problems of the existing built
environment (Bursa Uludağ University web page).
The authors as the instructors of the design studio coordinated at 2016-17 Spring Semester, put stress on the
concept of “Sustainable Urban Regeneration”. The students were expected to develop a mixed-used housing
complex in one of high-density residential areas of Bursa, which is the fourth biggest city of Turkey. This area is
preferred as to be the project area because of being at one of the rapidly developing axes of the modern city. Also,
along this main street there are so many building constructions called as “urban regeneration” by the local
government.
4. Çahantimur/ Environmental Science and Sustainable Development
pg. 23
The key concepts discussed throughout fourteen weeks studio curriculum were; sustainable housing, livable
communities, sustainable urban development and urban regeneration. In the first weeks the students made a
literature survey about these concepts while exploring the physical and socio-cultural characteristics of the project
area and its near environment through maps, models, dioramas and surveys conducted to the local people. After
these analysis they all came up to the point that they should develop housing projects that offer facilities and
services that meet residents’ basic needs and build community cohesion through open spaces, community gardens
or leisure facilities. They understood that they should handle the design problem with a holistic approach including
environmental and socio-cultural issues. However, as being the second year undergraduate students they didn’t
know how to do that. Some successful examples selected from the developed projects are presented below with
brief explanations. The process of developing students' thoughts and projects and the final products are discussed in
the conclusion.
3.2. Example Projects
This building complex in which people are able to meet their social activities, various kinds of sportive activities
and the other daily life needs, is located over a sloped land. The upper and lower level streets are connected with the
public spaces between the housing blocks which are designed in harmony with the topography. People will prefer to
live in these blocks, not only for their need of housing, but also for their social needs which are very important for
an urban life. The green roof gardens of the blocks also serve the residents as meeting places, see Figure 1.
Figure 1. Muhammet Yusuf Birinci - Activity Valley
This housing project including mixed used functions is designed on a building plot which is located in a high
density neighbourhood. A primary school, a middle school and a high school take place around this plot. For this
reason, the student aimed to design a residence which also includes cultural and commercial activities for young
people. The surrounding roads, which people are familiar with, continue through the building plot and a public
space is formed at the junction of them. The organic forms of the building blocks let this complex to have an active
green route for pedestrian flow and act as a meeting point especially for the young people, see Figure 2.
5. Çahantimur/ Environmental Science and Sustainable Development
pg. 24
Figure 2. Büşra Beşen - Public Space for Youth
The main aim of this housing complex design is to provide green open spaces for people living in this high density
neighbourhood. The unbroken fronts of the blocks create a canyon effect, where a public garden is formed at the
more silent part of the building plot. This public garden constitute an open place for various kinds of social and
cultural activities that take place on the ground floor of the blocks. The outdoor vertical and horizontal circulation
system of the blocks let the residents to see eachother more than usual in their everyday life. The complex offers
various types of flats for different life styles, see Figure 3.
Figure 3. Zeynep Fazilet Kaya - GREEN CANYON
A modular design approach is adopted for this urban housing complex. All of the indoor and outdoor spaces have
similar modules providing to use the building plot with optimum capacity. It includes various types of flats
designed with modules. Also, the facades of the building complex reflect the similar modular proportions that
enable shady living places. The continuity of the public places, which provide various kinds of indoor and outdoor
social activities, let this urban housing complex to be livelier, see Figure 4.
6. Çahantimur/ Environmental Science and Sustainable Development
pg. 25
Figure 4. Zeynep Sena Sancak - Modular Living Space
The main aim of this mixed used housing complex is to offer social activities and shopping alternatives not only for
its residents, but also for local people. The ground floor includes commercial and social spaces that are integrated
with the public garden in the middle of the three main blocks. The uninterrupted pedestrian alley connects the main
street with a greater public garden while the commercial axis invites people to the courtyard, which is an
intersection of activities, see Figure 5.
Figure 5. Merlinda Mollavequri- Intersection of Activities
4. Conclusion
It has been seen that the critical thinking skills of the students have been improved with the studies carried out
within the scope of the presented architectural studio. Despite being second-year students, they could integrate the
data they got from their initial analysis. These are sustainability concepts and requirements they have learned from
the literature analysis, the positive aspects of the successful implementations they have found from example case
studies, and the needs of the local people. In this studio students experienced a problem-solving process including
7. Çahantimur/ Environmental Science and Sustainable Development
pg. 26
many different aspects of a high-density residential area together with the necessities of a mixed-used housing
complex with different socio-cultural and commercial functions.
It has been the greatest achievement of the semester for students to gain the awareness that they can contribute
achieving sustainable urban development as future architects. For this purpose, they have developed scenarios for
creating livable communities and sustainable living environments. However, since their architectural design skills
have not yet reached sufficient maturity, it has been seen that students could not fully reflect the life scenarios and
concepts they proposed to their architectural and urban design projects. It is thought that in the ongoing process of
their education our students will overcome the problems they experienced when they were trying to reflect their key
concepts to their architectural projects. However, the most important thing is to empower students to translate the
lessons they have learnt during their education as positive and sustainable changes to their professional and daily
lives.
Acknowledgements
The authours would like to thank the third instructor of the studio Tülin Şen (Arch.), the research assistant Gözde
Kırlı Özer (M.Arch) and all of the students for their contributions to the Architectural Design Studio IV, 2016-17
Spring Semester at Bursa Uludağ University, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Architecture.
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Salama, A. M. (2002). Environmental Knowledge and Paradigm Shifts: Sustainability and Architectural Pedagogy in Africa and the Middle
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Tekeli, I. (2011). Kent, Kentli Hakları, Kentleşme ve Kentsel Dönüşüm Yazıları. 2.baskı, Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, İstanbul.