Mobility plays an important role in the cities by enabling people to carry out the most varied activities across the territory, as well as to ensure the city fully function. In addition, analogies to the human organism can be made by this urban dynamic, looking for solutions to specific issues. Moreover, this paper has been based by the premise that phenomena and urban elements could be conceptualized, explained and transformed from contemporary and innovative approaches applied in the medical field. For this reason, this paper aims to develop and present a new concept associated with urban mobility, based on the principles of regenerative medicine: the Regenerative Mobility, a concept with disruptive and evolutionary purposes. Furthermore, the structure of this paper is summarized by the introduction which contextualizes the theme, presents and characterizes the techniques used in the research. Additionally, the following chapters explore essential aspects of the city, explaining why it needs a mobility change and new concepts. Therefore, the concept of Regenerative Mobility is presented as a potential of mobility and cities improvement, followed by pragmatic cases, capable of illustrating some of its principles.
Unlocking the Potentials of Urban Architecture in Enhancing the Quality of Ur...IEREK Press
Currently more than half of world population are living in cities, while world is witnessing a rapid urbanization process particularly in cities of the developing and emerging countries, where urban poverty areas (UPA) with low quality of urban life (QUL) and lack of the usual urban spaces are the most significant urban phenomena that characterized those cities. In such an urban context there is a need for an efficient tool that contributes positively to the enhancement of the QUL, meanwhile to provide the best use of the rare vacant lands. This study argues that urban architecture as a design field offers a distinctive approach to a special type of buildings made for an urban setting, thus it can enhance the QUL in UPA through community projects. The study is based on an analytical study of selected cases of community projects in UPA that represents examples of how urban architecture through its potentials has a positive impact on its urban context, notably through community projects that strongly linked to real community needs. The results showed that urban architecture as a design approach for community projects have multiple roles that boost the socio-economic daily life, as well it supports various environmental issues towards better QUL.
Unlocking the Potentials of Urban Architecture in Enhancing theQuality of Urb...IEREK Press
Currently more than half of world population are living in cities, while world is witnessing a rapid urbanization process particularly in cities of the developing and emerging countries, where urban poverty areas (UPA) with low quality of urban life (QUL) and lack of the usual urban spaces are the most significant urban phenomena that characterized those cities. In such an urban context there is a need for an efficient tool that contributes positively to the enhancement of the QUL, meanwhile to provide the best use of the rare vacant lands. This study argues that urban architecture as a design field offers a distinctive approach to a special type of buildings made for an urban setting, thus it can enhance the QUL in UPA through community projects. The study is based on an analytical study of selected cases of community projects in UPA that represents examples of how urban architecture through its potentials has a positive impact on its urban context, notably through community projects that strongly linked to real community needs. The results showed that urban architecture as a design approach for community projects have multiple roles that boost the socio-economic daily life, as well it supports various environmental issues towards better QUL.
On 13 February 2017, the Urban Transformations programme, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), brought together a range of academics and practitioners from across Europe for a knowledge exchange event on urban living labs and smart cities. The University of Oxford convened the event, working with the European Regions Research & Innovation Network (ERRIN) and the workshop took place at one of ERRIN’s members, the Delegation of the Basque Country to the EU. This was the second in a series entitled Bridging European Urban Transformations established in partnership with the VUB (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) and its Brussels Centre for Urban Studies. In this post-Brexit era, cooperation across borders and disciplines seems more important than ever before. Consequently the series, which runs from November 2016 to October 2017, emphasises the value of connections between institutions and key players in the field of urban transformations in the UK and in the rest of Europe.
Unlocking the Potentials of Urban Architecture in Enhancing the Quality of Ur...IEREK Press
Currently more than half of world population are living in cities, while world is witnessing a rapid urbanization process particularly in cities of the developing and emerging countries, where urban poverty areas (UPA) with low quality of urban life (QUL) and lack of the usual urban spaces are the most significant urban phenomena that characterized those cities. In such an urban context there is a need for an efficient tool that contributes positively to the enhancement of the QUL, meanwhile to provide the best use of the rare vacant lands. This study argues that urban architecture as a design field offers a distinctive approach to a special type of buildings made for an urban setting, thus it can enhance the QUL in UPA through community projects. The study is based on an analytical study of selected cases of community projects in UPA that represents examples of how urban architecture through its potentials has a positive impact on its urban context, notably through community projects that strongly linked to real community needs. The results showed that urban architecture as a design approach for community projects have multiple roles that boost the socio-economic daily life, as well it supports various environmental issues towards better QUL.
Unlocking the Potentials of Urban Architecture in Enhancing theQuality of Urb...IEREK Press
Currently more than half of world population are living in cities, while world is witnessing a rapid urbanization process particularly in cities of the developing and emerging countries, where urban poverty areas (UPA) with low quality of urban life (QUL) and lack of the usual urban spaces are the most significant urban phenomena that characterized those cities. In such an urban context there is a need for an efficient tool that contributes positively to the enhancement of the QUL, meanwhile to provide the best use of the rare vacant lands. This study argues that urban architecture as a design field offers a distinctive approach to a special type of buildings made for an urban setting, thus it can enhance the QUL in UPA through community projects. The study is based on an analytical study of selected cases of community projects in UPA that represents examples of how urban architecture through its potentials has a positive impact on its urban context, notably through community projects that strongly linked to real community needs. The results showed that urban architecture as a design approach for community projects have multiple roles that boost the socio-economic daily life, as well it supports various environmental issues towards better QUL.
On 13 February 2017, the Urban Transformations programme, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), brought together a range of academics and practitioners from across Europe for a knowledge exchange event on urban living labs and smart cities. The University of Oxford convened the event, working with the European Regions Research & Innovation Network (ERRIN) and the workshop took place at one of ERRIN’s members, the Delegation of the Basque Country to the EU. This was the second in a series entitled Bridging European Urban Transformations established in partnership with the VUB (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) and its Brussels Centre for Urban Studies. In this post-Brexit era, cooperation across borders and disciplines seems more important than ever before. Consequently the series, which runs from November 2016 to October 2017, emphasises the value of connections between institutions and key players in the field of urban transformations in the UK and in the rest of Europe.
Achieving Just Urban Transition (JUT) by adopting Nature-Based Solutions (NBS)M. Reza Movahedi
This article has been written as part of the assignment for the course “AAR5270 – Globalization and Urban Development (spring, 2023)”. The focus of the writing is to review the relevant academic literature, as its methodology surround the concepts “Just Urban Transition, (JUT)” and “Nature-Based Solutions, (NBS)”. Thus, the main purpose is to understand how the NBS could be planned and implemented in a way that creates a just urban transition in the cities.
Neuroergonomics urban design sociogenesis by Stefano Serafini
Algorithmic Sustainable Design. Theoretical key concepts by Antonio Caperna
A kind introduction to complexity by Alessandro Giuliani
Sustainable Urban Development: Bioregionalistic Vision for Small TownsIEREK Press
Cities and towns are the social constructs in regional settings. They physically manifest and exist as power centres through various layers of culture, economy, politics, and religion. There was a symbiotic relationship between the ‘setting’ and the ‘construct’ in the past. With time and advent of technology, haphazard developments led to degradation of ecological systems and have become a confronted affair. Global warming, its adverse effects and the constant references to the words ‘sustainability’ and ‘resilience’ pose questions on the existing planning models. Small towns experiencing a tremendous pressure of urbanisation and rich in natural resources, coherence and identity are fast changing. An indispensable change in the planning models is necessary to mitigate this existential crisis and condition the emerging urbanism in small towns sustainably. This paper unearths the role and possibilities of bioregional planning as a sustainable urban development paradigm and suggests few indicative parameters forenvisioning bioregionalism in small towns.
Reflection on Humanism, Citizenship, and the Digital Society (from Theory to ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:We do not intend to deal exhaustively with this subject, because it is broad and complex for the space of a
text. Our pretensions, which are much more modest, refer to documentary research for the understanding and development of
humanist thought and citizenship, and some of their multiple relationships.
Humanism was a movement that emerged in Italy during the Renaissance. It marked a move away from the medieval
emphasis on logic and theology, and led to the rediscovery of ancient texts, the advancement of scholarship, and the
transformation of art, culture, and society. The article analyzes the central ideas of Humanism, such as the importance of
human dignity, individuality and learning, and demonstrates how they have influenced various domains. Humanism is a key
concept in the history of human thought. There are several definitions of the concept ranging from rhetorical humanism, to the Christian
humanism of the Middle Ages, and from the literary humanism of the Renaissance, to the humanism of Compte. There are several
approaches to the relationship between humanism and religion.
Humanism in the age of globalization may be an elaborate form of humanism capable of crossing the boundaries between
the world's civilizations and overthrowing their hostile ways. Intercultural humanism must evolve as a result of the global
debate. Intercultural humanism can replace the current humanism, and thus confront and overcome the many tensions and
conflicts that exist between the world's divergent civilizations.
Keywords: Humanism, Renaissance, Christian Humanism, Civic Humanism, Digital Society
Importance of virtual social space and how it helps to modify social structureArghyadeep Saha
Importance of virtual social space and how it helps to modify social structure.
Importance of virtual social space, modify social structure. , virtual social space ,importance social structure
Urban Public Space Axis Rector of Green Infrastructure in the Current City of...IEREK Press
The current city calls for the reconsideration of a close relationship between gray infrastructure and public spaces, understanding the infrastructure as a set of items, equipment, or services required for the functioning of a country, a City. Ambato, Ecuador, is a current intermediate city, has less than 1% of the urban surface with use of public green spaces, which represents a figure below the 9m2/ hab., recommended by OMS. The aim of this paper was to identify urban public spaces that switches of green infrastructure in the city today, applying a methodology of qualitative studies. With an exploratory descriptive level analysis, in three stages, stage of theoretical foundation product of a review of the existing literature, which is the theoretical support of the relationship gray infrastructure public spaces equal to green infrastructure. Subsequent to this case study, discussed with criteria aimed at green infrastructure and in the public spaces of the study area. Finally, after processing and analysis of the results, we provide conclusions for urban public space as a definition of the green infrastructure of the current city of Latin America; in the latter, the focus is to support this article.
Urban Public Space Axis Rector of Green Infrastructure in the Current City of...IEREK Press
The current city calls for the reconsideration of a close relationship between gray infrastructure and public spaces, understanding the infrastructure as a set of items, equipment, or services required for the functioning of a country, a City. Ambato, Ecuador, is a current intermediate city, has less than 1% of the urban surface with use of public green spaces, which represents a figure below the 9m2/ hab., recommended by OMS. The aim of this paper was to identify urban public spaces that switches of green infrastructure in the city today, applying a methodology of qualitative studies. With an exploratory descriptive level analysis, in three stages, stage of theoretical foundation product of a review of the existing literature, which is the theoretical support of the relationship gray infrastructure public spaces equal to green infrastructure. Subsequent to this case study, discussed with criteria aimed at green infrastructure and in the public spaces of the study area. Finally, after processing and analysis of the results, we provide conclusions for urban public space as a definition of the green infrastructure of the current city of Latin America; in the latter, the focus is to support this article.
The city is the economic and social life, as in the range of human abode, food and so on. The heights of the
dependence of man, his various powers of the time to have done, and by the desire to consolidate and bring
to the life of the necessary coordination with the villages thereof, and in the nature of necessity and for a
dwelling-place and information to build the human environment. In all, according to the nature of the
species, and the culture and civilization of the difference, and principal users, as one element in the human
city, and that the beneficiaries of the effective element of his own. Unfortunately, irregular to pass out to
the cities, especially the metropolises made us to increase of faces, to provide the service, and to the many
questions of the citizens. Smart of this question in recent decades, a number of strategies for the solution of
the great circles that was offered in the academic plans. That is powerful, smart electronic city and citizens
of continuous service users, but unlike electronic city so residents know each client, users smart and play
the role of the citizens of the city, the head of the fountain. Unlike the electronic city, only to meet the needs
of the citizens of the city had no pain, but in the interaction cycle, is exposed to the knowledge of the heads
of men, and were out of the city, provide services in the city, which is done in the way of life of the urban
development. On the other hand, it should be noted, because of the large and the density of the high places
of the cities of the time, already in the cities which have no matter to work on the administration of the
traditional methods of the town is rather moderate. This study tries to explain the history of the electronic
city, he laid the city: and the sorrow of mourning in the city. In this study, we found an expert to other
learned men proceeded so far, better to use.
The Role of “Scale” on the Acceleration of Social Interaction in Urban Spaces
1 * Dr. Kaveh Hajialiakbari Image result for research orcid , 2 Dr. Mohammad Zare Image result for research orcid ,
3 Mitra Karimi Image result for research orcid
1 Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Architecture and urbanism, Tehran, Iran
2 & 3 University of Tehran, Faculty of Fine Arts, Tehran, Iran
1 E-mail: Kaveh.haa@gmail.com , 2 E-mail: zare.md@ut.ac.ir ,
3 E-mail: mitrakarimi@modares.ac.ir
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 8 March 2021
Revised: 25 July 2021
Accepted: 8 August 2021
Available online: 18 August 2021
Keywords:
Urban Space;
Obsolescent Neighborhoods,
Social Interaction,
Evaluation Indicators,
Functional Scale.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Rehabilitation projects are interventions that can lead to the transformation of the socio-spatial structure of obsolescent neighborhoods. The main intention of such projects is the creation and/or improvement of social interactions after physical and functional interventions. Urban Renewal Organization of Tehran (UROT) is tasked with identification of target obsolescent neighborhoods, preparation of neighborhood development plans and implementation of rehabilitation projects to improve the quality of space and stimulate social interactions. In this paper, three urban spaces in different scales (“micro” for neighborhoods, “meso” for local and “macro” for trans-local scales), designed and implemented by UROT, were selected as a case study. By designing and filling a questionnaire and after analyzing research findings, the effect of the scale of the urban project on different activities was evaluated based on the Gehl model. Overall, in the expanded model based on the scale of space, an inverse ratio between the scale of space and both optional selective and social activities has been revealed.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 59-68.
Brownfield Sites as Catalysts for Sustainable Urban Regenerationand the Deman...IEREK Press
Almost two decades today, the topic of brownfields has extensively been researched in urban sociology, urban planning, and human geography, and numerous Western-Centric studies have linked the redevelopment of the abandoned, contaminated, vacant or derelict sites to sustainable urban regeneration and achieving smart cities and sustainability goals in general. Yet, until this day, the concept has received little academic and practical attention in Middle Eastern contexts. Western contexts on the other hand including Europe, UK and USA continue to offer unique perspectives on approaching brownfields in ways that reduce the alarming spatial cluttering and address socio-spatial disparities and spatial segregation in addition to achieving economic and environmental goals, and similar to the global scene, brownfield sites make a large portion of the post-industrial city of Amman, the capital of Jordan. However, with the lack of a systematic definition for the urban phenomenon objectives, methods to identifying potential brownfield sites and evaluating the prioritisation of their redevelopment that takes into consideration context particularities, and with the absence of participative approaches that include the local community in the decision-making regarding these spaces, city planners fail to include the increasingly growing number of brownfield site that proliferate their cities in the urban planning practice. Through the examination of literature discussions on objectives, approaches, classification systems, methodologies, assessment and evaluation tools for the support of design and prioritising decisions for brownfield regeneration indifferent contexts, and through looking at the numerous potential alternatives for brownfield sites regeneration these contexts highlight, this paper bids to emphasise the importance of developing context specific, localised tools tailored for the Middle Eastern case. Building on the above, this paper identifies five potential brownfield typologies in the context of Amman; (1)residual planning outcomes; (2) discontinued mines and quarries; (3) unfinished mega-projects; (4) contaminated and hazardous sites, and; (5) miscellaneous abandoned sites and buildings, and ends on the note that looking at the increasing demand to meeting smart growth and sustainability needs, these urban landscapes may function as catalysts for achieving comprehensive sustainable urban regeneration.
Natural Urban Heritage and Preservation Policies: the Case of Kyoto’s Waterways.IEREK Press
The value of natural heritage within urban areas is nowadays gaining recognition, but there are still no clear reference frameworks to confront the complexities of their management. In this discussion, the challenges of the association of historical preservation and urban nature are explored through the analysis of the management of Kyoto’s waterways. The conflicts caused by the rapid modernization of Japan at the end of 19thcentury find in Kyoto a remarkable expression in the tensions between renovation and conservation, providing a fertile frame for discussion. Relevant achievements and shortcomings of Kyoto ́s experience are here analyzed, considering how the preservation of historic landscapes affected the protection of urban rivers, the relationship between sustainability and heritage, and the new environmentally aware approaches to river improvement.
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Achieving Just Urban Transition (JUT) by adopting Nature-Based Solutions (NBS)M. Reza Movahedi
This article has been written as part of the assignment for the course “AAR5270 – Globalization and Urban Development (spring, 2023)”. The focus of the writing is to review the relevant academic literature, as its methodology surround the concepts “Just Urban Transition, (JUT)” and “Nature-Based Solutions, (NBS)”. Thus, the main purpose is to understand how the NBS could be planned and implemented in a way that creates a just urban transition in the cities.
Neuroergonomics urban design sociogenesis by Stefano Serafini
Algorithmic Sustainable Design. Theoretical key concepts by Antonio Caperna
A kind introduction to complexity by Alessandro Giuliani
Sustainable Urban Development: Bioregionalistic Vision for Small TownsIEREK Press
Cities and towns are the social constructs in regional settings. They physically manifest and exist as power centres through various layers of culture, economy, politics, and religion. There was a symbiotic relationship between the ‘setting’ and the ‘construct’ in the past. With time and advent of technology, haphazard developments led to degradation of ecological systems and have become a confronted affair. Global warming, its adverse effects and the constant references to the words ‘sustainability’ and ‘resilience’ pose questions on the existing planning models. Small towns experiencing a tremendous pressure of urbanisation and rich in natural resources, coherence and identity are fast changing. An indispensable change in the planning models is necessary to mitigate this existential crisis and condition the emerging urbanism in small towns sustainably. This paper unearths the role and possibilities of bioregional planning as a sustainable urban development paradigm and suggests few indicative parameters forenvisioning bioregionalism in small towns.
Reflection on Humanism, Citizenship, and the Digital Society (from Theory to ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:We do not intend to deal exhaustively with this subject, because it is broad and complex for the space of a
text. Our pretensions, which are much more modest, refer to documentary research for the understanding and development of
humanist thought and citizenship, and some of their multiple relationships.
Humanism was a movement that emerged in Italy during the Renaissance. It marked a move away from the medieval
emphasis on logic and theology, and led to the rediscovery of ancient texts, the advancement of scholarship, and the
transformation of art, culture, and society. The article analyzes the central ideas of Humanism, such as the importance of
human dignity, individuality and learning, and demonstrates how they have influenced various domains. Humanism is a key
concept in the history of human thought. There are several definitions of the concept ranging from rhetorical humanism, to the Christian
humanism of the Middle Ages, and from the literary humanism of the Renaissance, to the humanism of Compte. There are several
approaches to the relationship between humanism and religion.
Humanism in the age of globalization may be an elaborate form of humanism capable of crossing the boundaries between
the world's civilizations and overthrowing their hostile ways. Intercultural humanism must evolve as a result of the global
debate. Intercultural humanism can replace the current humanism, and thus confront and overcome the many tensions and
conflicts that exist between the world's divergent civilizations.
Keywords: Humanism, Renaissance, Christian Humanism, Civic Humanism, Digital Society
Importance of virtual social space and how it helps to modify social structureArghyadeep Saha
Importance of virtual social space and how it helps to modify social structure.
Importance of virtual social space, modify social structure. , virtual social space ,importance social structure
Urban Public Space Axis Rector of Green Infrastructure in the Current City of...IEREK Press
The current city calls for the reconsideration of a close relationship between gray infrastructure and public spaces, understanding the infrastructure as a set of items, equipment, or services required for the functioning of a country, a City. Ambato, Ecuador, is a current intermediate city, has less than 1% of the urban surface with use of public green spaces, which represents a figure below the 9m2/ hab., recommended by OMS. The aim of this paper was to identify urban public spaces that switches of green infrastructure in the city today, applying a methodology of qualitative studies. With an exploratory descriptive level analysis, in three stages, stage of theoretical foundation product of a review of the existing literature, which is the theoretical support of the relationship gray infrastructure public spaces equal to green infrastructure. Subsequent to this case study, discussed with criteria aimed at green infrastructure and in the public spaces of the study area. Finally, after processing and analysis of the results, we provide conclusions for urban public space as a definition of the green infrastructure of the current city of Latin America; in the latter, the focus is to support this article.
Urban Public Space Axis Rector of Green Infrastructure in the Current City of...IEREK Press
The current city calls for the reconsideration of a close relationship between gray infrastructure and public spaces, understanding the infrastructure as a set of items, equipment, or services required for the functioning of a country, a City. Ambato, Ecuador, is a current intermediate city, has less than 1% of the urban surface with use of public green spaces, which represents a figure below the 9m2/ hab., recommended by OMS. The aim of this paper was to identify urban public spaces that switches of green infrastructure in the city today, applying a methodology of qualitative studies. With an exploratory descriptive level analysis, in three stages, stage of theoretical foundation product of a review of the existing literature, which is the theoretical support of the relationship gray infrastructure public spaces equal to green infrastructure. Subsequent to this case study, discussed with criteria aimed at green infrastructure and in the public spaces of the study area. Finally, after processing and analysis of the results, we provide conclusions for urban public space as a definition of the green infrastructure of the current city of Latin America; in the latter, the focus is to support this article.
The city is the economic and social life, as in the range of human abode, food and so on. The heights of the
dependence of man, his various powers of the time to have done, and by the desire to consolidate and bring
to the life of the necessary coordination with the villages thereof, and in the nature of necessity and for a
dwelling-place and information to build the human environment. In all, according to the nature of the
species, and the culture and civilization of the difference, and principal users, as one element in the human
city, and that the beneficiaries of the effective element of his own. Unfortunately, irregular to pass out to
the cities, especially the metropolises made us to increase of faces, to provide the service, and to the many
questions of the citizens. Smart of this question in recent decades, a number of strategies for the solution of
the great circles that was offered in the academic plans. That is powerful, smart electronic city and citizens
of continuous service users, but unlike electronic city so residents know each client, users smart and play
the role of the citizens of the city, the head of the fountain. Unlike the electronic city, only to meet the needs
of the citizens of the city had no pain, but in the interaction cycle, is exposed to the knowledge of the heads
of men, and were out of the city, provide services in the city, which is done in the way of life of the urban
development. On the other hand, it should be noted, because of the large and the density of the high places
of the cities of the time, already in the cities which have no matter to work on the administration of the
traditional methods of the town is rather moderate. This study tries to explain the history of the electronic
city, he laid the city: and the sorrow of mourning in the city. In this study, we found an expert to other
learned men proceeded so far, better to use.
The Role of “Scale” on the Acceleration of Social Interaction in Urban Spaces
1 * Dr. Kaveh Hajialiakbari Image result for research orcid , 2 Dr. Mohammad Zare Image result for research orcid ,
3 Mitra Karimi Image result for research orcid
1 Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Architecture and urbanism, Tehran, Iran
2 & 3 University of Tehran, Faculty of Fine Arts, Tehran, Iran
1 E-mail: Kaveh.haa@gmail.com , 2 E-mail: zare.md@ut.ac.ir ,
3 E-mail: mitrakarimi@modares.ac.ir
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 8 March 2021
Revised: 25 July 2021
Accepted: 8 August 2021
Available online: 18 August 2021
Keywords:
Urban Space;
Obsolescent Neighborhoods,
Social Interaction,
Evaluation Indicators,
Functional Scale.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Rehabilitation projects are interventions that can lead to the transformation of the socio-spatial structure of obsolescent neighborhoods. The main intention of such projects is the creation and/or improvement of social interactions after physical and functional interventions. Urban Renewal Organization of Tehran (UROT) is tasked with identification of target obsolescent neighborhoods, preparation of neighborhood development plans and implementation of rehabilitation projects to improve the quality of space and stimulate social interactions. In this paper, three urban spaces in different scales (“micro” for neighborhoods, “meso” for local and “macro” for trans-local scales), designed and implemented by UROT, were selected as a case study. By designing and filling a questionnaire and after analyzing research findings, the effect of the scale of the urban project on different activities was evaluated based on the Gehl model. Overall, in the expanded model based on the scale of space, an inverse ratio between the scale of space and both optional selective and social activities has been revealed.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 59-68.
Brownfield Sites as Catalysts for Sustainable Urban Regenerationand the Deman...IEREK Press
Almost two decades today, the topic of brownfields has extensively been researched in urban sociology, urban planning, and human geography, and numerous Western-Centric studies have linked the redevelopment of the abandoned, contaminated, vacant or derelict sites to sustainable urban regeneration and achieving smart cities and sustainability goals in general. Yet, until this day, the concept has received little academic and practical attention in Middle Eastern contexts. Western contexts on the other hand including Europe, UK and USA continue to offer unique perspectives on approaching brownfields in ways that reduce the alarming spatial cluttering and address socio-spatial disparities and spatial segregation in addition to achieving economic and environmental goals, and similar to the global scene, brownfield sites make a large portion of the post-industrial city of Amman, the capital of Jordan. However, with the lack of a systematic definition for the urban phenomenon objectives, methods to identifying potential brownfield sites and evaluating the prioritisation of their redevelopment that takes into consideration context particularities, and with the absence of participative approaches that include the local community in the decision-making regarding these spaces, city planners fail to include the increasingly growing number of brownfield site that proliferate their cities in the urban planning practice. Through the examination of literature discussions on objectives, approaches, classification systems, methodologies, assessment and evaluation tools for the support of design and prioritising decisions for brownfield regeneration indifferent contexts, and through looking at the numerous potential alternatives for brownfield sites regeneration these contexts highlight, this paper bids to emphasise the importance of developing context specific, localised tools tailored for the Middle Eastern case. Building on the above, this paper identifies five potential brownfield typologies in the context of Amman; (1)residual planning outcomes; (2) discontinued mines and quarries; (3) unfinished mega-projects; (4) contaminated and hazardous sites, and; (5) miscellaneous abandoned sites and buildings, and ends on the note that looking at the increasing demand to meeting smart growth and sustainability needs, these urban landscapes may function as catalysts for achieving comprehensive sustainable urban regeneration.
Natural Urban Heritage and Preservation Policies: the Case of Kyoto’s Waterways.IEREK Press
The value of natural heritage within urban areas is nowadays gaining recognition, but there are still no clear reference frameworks to confront the complexities of their management. In this discussion, the challenges of the association of historical preservation and urban nature are explored through the analysis of the management of Kyoto’s waterways. The conflicts caused by the rapid modernization of Japan at the end of 19thcentury find in Kyoto a remarkable expression in the tensions between renovation and conservation, providing a fertile frame for discussion. Relevant achievements and shortcomings of Kyoto ́s experience are here analyzed, considering how the preservation of historic landscapes affected the protection of urban rivers, the relationship between sustainability and heritage, and the new environmentally aware approaches to river improvement.
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In India, dense historic urban settlements were developed with the intention of provision of spaces for adequate engagement of the people. Public squares and streets became important places of interaction. ‘Historic core,’ especially had public spaces meant for various socioeconomic groups. Ahmedabad city is a blend of a harmonious past and a vivacious present. Number of historical and architecturally important buildings were built during Muslim and Moghul rules. One of the first built structures within the walled city is the Bhadra fort, a citadel founded by sultan Ahmed Shah in 1411 with a huge public square in front, developed for purpose of procession and gathering. This Bhadra precinct went through various layers of transformation in different eras and now have become vulnerable due to congestion and encroachment. Though, a need for intervention was felt to bring back the lost vitality of the Bhadra precinct, it was realized that a comprehensive approach would be the necessity. Conservation and sensitive development approach was taken to tackle this problem through pedestrianization of the Bhadra precinct, rerouting of traffic and restoration of Bhadra fort. Larger level traffic and parking issues were also considered be-yond the site. Alternative use of Bhadra fort as tourist information center was considered. Urban design guidelines were proposed for harmonious development in the surrounding area. This proposal was considered for funding under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission(JnNURM)and was implemented. Many issues were faced during implementation of Bhadra project due to contextualization of informal commercial, religious and other cultural activities. Political, social and administrative factors also played immense role in implementation of proposal. Now since Ahmedabad has achieved the status of World Heritage City through UNESCO certification further implementation of this project will be relatively easy due to envisaged strong political and administrative support.
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The present research focuses on the definition of a novel methodology for sinkhole risk assessment above shallow salt mines. The research were carried out on the area above the Wieliczka salt mine, a World Heritage site. The study of vertical stresses on the basis of a theoretical state of rock mass deformation in the area of test chambers was performed. Furthermore, the risk of chamber collapse due to ventricular stress exceeding the limit specified in the zone were calculated based on the arch pressure theory. The final stage of the research consists of spatial analysis that leading to the identification of chambers potentially influenced by other risk factors. The research shown in the article strongly suggests that combined spatial analysis with geotechnical analysis may lead to reliable sinkhole risk assessment methodology.
In Search of a Tool to Support Planning Inside Large Cities: the SustaIn-LED ...IEREK Press
The aim of the present study is to investigate the linkages between local economic development, innovation, and environmental sustainability inside urban areas. Can innovation affect the improvement of the quality of life inside urban areas? This research question comes from the consideration that usually innovation and growth in general are considered sources of conflict in affecting the livability of large cities. The objective of the paper is to design a model — the “SustaIn-Led” - to connect levels of environmental sustainability, quality of life, and economic development inside metropolitan areas, taking into account also innovation processes, activated by the innovation policies and by the knowledge economy. The study takes in consideration the 53 largest United States metropolitan areas with a population over 1 million, with a time series from the years 2000 through 2015.This has been done because of a two-fold reason: (1) the US among high-income countries is the one with the highest number of universities, patents, and citations; (2) several studies have shown that innovation occurs in large cities. The first part of the present study has carried out the identification of the variables to represent and significantly explain the phenomena – local economic development, innovation, and environmental sustainability – linked to the design of the SustaIn-LED model. Environmental sustainability in urban areas in this paper is represented by means of the Air Quality Index (AQI),while the number of workers synthetically quantifies local economic development. Correlation and multiple regression analyses are conducted in order to examine the relationship between the three main indicators. The multiple regressions for the year 2015 produced a low p-value, indicating that the predictors are significant in the regression analysis. Similar results of p-value are shown in all the years from 2000 to 2013. For 2015, the results showed that part of the variance in the measure of total workers of the metropolitan areas could be predicted by measures of innovation and air quality. Higher R2values have been registered for the years from 2000 through2013.The development of the SustaIn-LED model could be utilized in urban regeneration processes to help in the design of new urban planning policies inside large cities by means of a better comprehension of environmental and economic implications caused by the implementation of innovation policies.
Estimation of Coating Materials Contribution to the TVOCsEmissions of Wood Fl...IEREK Press
Based on the increasing concern about the exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from indoor finishing materials, industrial companies are called to meet the growing demand for more sustainable products. Recently, most designers and consumers have more environmental considerations while selecting the finishing materials. These considerations are related to the VOCs content of the finishing material itself regardless of its coating layers. Nowadays, interior wood coatings are commonly applied to large surfaces (ceilings, walls, floors) and many types of furnishing, leading to a high loading factor (surface-to-volume ratio). These coatings might contribute significantly to the VOCs emissions due to repeatedly and periodically use during maintenance, remodeling, and renovation of interior spaces. The aim of this study is to estimate the wood coating materials contribution to the TVOCs emissions of wood product in the indoor environment to shed light on the importance of comprehensive analysis of wood material with all treatment coatings. So, a small interior space with controlled temperature, relative humidity, and air exchange rate was simulated using IA-Quest program to investigate the influence of three wood coating materials; stain, wax, and varnish which were applied to an area of natural hardwood Oak floor. The TVOCs emission data resulted from the different coated wood floor was compared with VOCs emissions caused by the natural wood floor to find out the coating material contribution in TVOCs emissions of a wood flooring material
Sustainable Park Landscaping as an Approach for theDevelopment of the Built E...IEREK Press
Implementing sustainable principles when landscaping parks is vital for the development of the built environment, and should take into account environmental, social, economic, and cultural aspects, in order to eliminate conflict between developmental requirements, and the need to preserve cultural and natural resources. This paper reviews the guidelines that should be considered for current and future sustainable parks in regions with a moderate climate, in order to ensure that they incorporate ecotourism, cost effective operation and maintenance, a clean environment, the promotion of renewable energy, and resource preservation. A number of parks, located in moderate climate zones, are studied in terms of aspects such as their location, topography, operation, and landscaping characteristics, to demonstrate the prevailing normative values that can be applied to sustainable park design. Prince Meshari Park, in Al-Baha city, Saudi Arabia, is employed as a case study for applying all of the guidelines proposed in this investigation, and to highlight some of their merits and limitations in terms of the current situation of the park.
Load Shifting Assessment of Residential Heat Pump System in JapanIEREK Press
With the economic growth and increasing requirement of indoor thermal comfort, the load of building sector presents a greater variability. This paper aims at analyzing the energy consumption characteristics and influencing factors of the residential heat pump system. Firstly, we selected residential households as investigated objective in Kitakyushu, Japan, and compared the energy saving performances of heat supply systems between heat pump and natural gas boiler. The results were based on real measured residential load during winter period, and calculated the cost saving performance of residential heat pump system compared with traditional natural gas boiler. We also did a survey of residential occupation behavior for the 12 selected residential customers. The result indicated that there was low relationship between power consumption and occupation hours, and the number of family members had a significant impact on the power consumption. The results indicate that residential heat pump system presented promising energy saving and cost reduction potential
A Model Proposed for the Prediction of Future Sustainable Residence Specifica...IEREK Press
In Egypt, people are unable to determine the qualities of appropriate residence that achieves quality and occupant satisfaction, and contributes to sustainability of residential conglomerations. In general, developing countries lack housing information which can be used to enhance quality of residence. Also, the methods of assessing and identifying the appropriate criteria for future residence quality remain traditional ones that cannot address the multiple, conflicting, overlapping aspects to reach a good decision. This calls for using the Analytical Network Process (ANP), an effective tool for specifying the relative importance of all factors impacting a specific issue for making an appropriate residential decision. In addition, this method provides results for the decision element impacts network within the decision structure; thus contributing to more understanding of the mechanisms and requirements of residence selection. The proposed decision structure comprises a two-level network: main clusters, main elements, and sub-elements included in the demographic characteristics group, the residence criteria group, the demand parameters group, the supply parameters group, the residence specifications group, and the alternatives group which representing, in total, the decision and specifying the percentage needed for each housing level. Results of the model showed complete capacity in smoothly addressing complexities and overlapping in the decision structure. The decision structure showed that 52% chose luxury residence, 28% chose middle-class residence, and 19.5% chose the economic residence. Mechanisms of decision making were analyzed; particularly in terms of relationship to demographic characteristics and residence specifications. Also, the importance and impact of demand / supply parameters in reaching decision were analyzed
Development of an Open-Source Water Consumption Meter for HousingIEREK Press
This article reports on the project "Design and development of water and gas P.L. measurement devices in the housing: an approach to sustainable consumption in Mexico", prepared at the Metropolitan Autonomous University in the Department of the Environment, whose objective was to develop a device to measure water consumption in the housing, which allows users to know their spending and can make decisions in favor of efficiency through the reduction of water use in household activities. The meter is made up of open source, programmable or reconfigurable software, which receives the signal from a water flow sensor and a casing designed to contain the hardware and facilitate the user's installation. Both the hardware and the casing can be purchased, downloaded, manufactured and assembled at home (Do It Yourself). As specific results were obtained: hardware programming and housing design and as a final result: the assembly of the functional prototype with which measurements of water consumption were made in a housing in Mexico. With this work we conclude that through the development of new accessible and common measurement technologies for the users of a house, it will be possible to promote efficiency in the use of natural resources in cities, increasing availability and promoting a more sustainable urban development.
Multi-Scale Assessment of Urban Gardens as Constructed Habitats for Biodivers...IEREK Press
Biodiversity in arid urban environments depends upon habitat formation that balances both bioclimatic and biophysical environment needs. There is the potential for urban gardens to establish symbiotic ecosystem services from microhabitat formation that collectively form an assemblage of ecological patches to connect a diverse range of flora and fauna, and establish community driven nursery and seed collection initiatives. This study of urban garden habitats situated within a new urban district of Jeddah Saudi. The analysis concentrates on the ability of garden spatial formations to construct a heterogeneous spatial morphology of sub-patch within the larger urban landscape patch. Patch and subpatch formations are examined based on the criteria of (I) assemblage of the spatial habitat (characterized by shape and spatial organization); (II) integration of spatial, functional and vegetation plantation patterns; (III) connectivity. Findings reveal that garden layout is structured by the integration and layering of plant types to generate cool understory habitat with seedling establishment, and water conservation. Designed layout of the garden as a spatial pattern is augmented with a range of microclimate mediators to dim solar exposure within the plantation habitat. A strong heterogeneity in plant formations and combinations is seen to dominant the garden formations.
Architectural Education for Sustainable Urban RegenerationIEREK Press
Urban regeneration is one of the important agendas of Turkey as a developing country. Rapid urbanization problems have been causing vital social and economic problems together with physical and spatial ones especially in big cities of Turkey. Thus, national and local governments handled urban regeneration as a practical method for solution of these problems. However, they unfortunately don’t implement urban regeneration according to its real requirements. Instead, this multi-dimensional and complex process is seen as a pull down and built up operation. Considering this situation and being in awareness of the responsibilities of architects throughout urban regeneration process, the authors think that urban regeneration should be discussed in the scope of architectural education. This paper presents the purpose, the process and the products of an undergraduate architectural design studio that was undertaken at Bursa Uludağ University, Faculty of Architecture. The architectural and urban design projects of the students of which aim was to offer a livable and sustainable mixed used living environments are discussed together with their conceptual backgrounds. Putting stress on the differences between theory and practice, the conclusion introduces a critical evaluation of urban regeneration and sustainable housing concepts in Turkey.
Typology and Solar Gain Analysis: Vernacular Courtyard Houses of Tabriz, IranIEREK Press
The study presents the results of typological analysis and simulation modeling analysis of traditional courtyard residential houses in the cold semi-arid climate of Iran. The purpose of the research has been to analyze and evaluate traditional passive environmental strategies and their elements to provide implications for the design of sustainable residential buildings in contemporary time. Five existing traditional courtyard houses in the city of Tabriz, Iran, are used as case-studies to analyze the typology and the solar zoning conditions and to develop simulation models. The Ecotect simulation program is used to calculate the solar gains of the buildings and to analyze the effectiveness of the natural passive systems along with native design strategies in terms of potential solar gains of main and secondary living spaces. However, in the vernacular, not only the awareness of the climatic and topological considerations is important, but also the values, rituals, and beliefs that shape the design of the dwellings need to be considered. The research is based on the hypothesis that vernacular buildings (courtyard houses) of Iran have been environmentally sustainable structures. However, an important challenge of the study has been to avoid the technological bias and to consider the cultural and social aspects and embodiment of the studied houses, as well. The study also addresses the potential short comings that limit the reliability of Iranian vernacular architecture at present in order to arrive at a more holistic understanding of the sustainability of the vernacular architecture in the country.
Lessons Learned from the First Passivhaus Building in QatarIEREK Press
Energy efficient models have become the path to reduce energy consumption and Greenhouse gas emissions in the built environment in many developed countries. According to the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), new buildings constructed within the European Union (EU) countries are expected to be nearly zero energy buildings (nZEBs) by 2020, while new public buildings are expected to adhere to this target by 2018. The Passivhaus approach has been identified by several researchers as a possible roadmap to achieve nZEBs. The meticulous engineering and high standards of the Passivhaus building fabric, in addition to the high comfort levels, are the main reasons behind the success and widespread of the standard. Recently, in 2013 the Passivhaus principles have been applied to an experimental residential project in the hot and arid climate of Qatar. The project is composed of two identical buildings, one built according to the Passivhaus standard and the other according to normal practices in the country. The thermal performance and comfort levels of both buildings were assessed through dynamic simulation and on-site measurements. Results indicated that at least 50% reduction in annual operational energy, water consumption, and CO2 emissions were achieved in the Passivhaus model in comparison to the standard model. This paper aims to highlight the lessons learned through the Passivhaus project; first by exhibiting the Passivhaus criteria that have been met, second by showcasing the outcomes of the project, and third by displaying the barriers and difficulties that have been associated with building according to the standard in Qatar. Finally, recommendations and general guidelines are suggested towards a possible adoption of the Passivhaus standard in Qatar and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries
Optimal Sizing and Design of Isolated Micro-Grid systemsIEREK Press
Micro-grid and standalone schemes are emerging as a viable mixed source of electricity due to interconnected costly central power plants and associated faults as well as brownouts and blackouts in additions to costly fuels. Micro-Grid (MG) is gaining very importance to avoid or decrease these problems. The objective of this paper is to design an optimal sizing and energy management scheme of an isolated MG. The MG is suggested to supply load located in El-shorouk Academy, Egypt between 30.119 latitudes and 31.605 longitudes. The components of the MG are selected and designed for achieving minimum Total Investment Cost (TIC) with CO2 emissions limitations. This is accomplished by a search and optimization MATLAB code used with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) techniques. The use of Diesel Generators (DGs) is minimized by limiting the gaseous CO2 emissions as per targeted allowable amount. A comparison is accomplished for investigating the CO2 emissions constraints effects on the TIC in $/year and annual cost of energy in $/kWh. The obtained results verified and demonstrated that the designed MG configuration scheme is able to feed the energy entailed by the suggested load cost effectively and environmental friendly.
The Sinkhole Occurrence Risk Mitigation in Urban Areas for the Historic Salt ...IEREK Press
The present research focuses on the definition of a novel methodology for sinkhole risk assessment above shallow salt mines. The research were carried out on the area above the Wieliczka salt mine, a World Heritage site. The study of vertical stresses on the basis of a theoretical state of rock mass deformation in the area of test chambers was performed. Furthermore, the risk of chamber collapse due to ventricular stress exceeding the limit specified in the zone were calculated based on the arch pressure theory. The final stage of the research consists of spatial analysis that leading to the identification of chambers potentially influenced by other risk factors. The research shown in the article strongly suggests that combined spatial analysis with geotechnical analysis may lead to reliable sinkhole risk assessment methodology.
Natural Urban Heritage and Preservation Policies: the Case of Kyoto’s Waterways.IEREK Press
The value of natural heritage within urban areas is nowadays gaining recognition, but there are still no clear reference frameworks to confront the complexities of their management. In this discussion, the challenges of the association of historical preservation and urban nature are explored through the analysis of the management of Kyoto’s waterways. The conflicts caused by the rapid modernization of Japan at the end of 19thcentury find in Kyoto a remarkable expression in the tensions between renovation and conservation, providing a fertile frame for discussion. Relevant achievements and shortcomings of Kyoto ́s experience are here analyzed, considering how the preservation of historic landscapes affected the protection of urban rivers, the relationship between sustainability and heritage, and the new environmentally aware approaches to river improvement.
Brownfield Sites as Catalysts for Sustainable Urban Regeneration and the Dema...IEREK Press
Almost two decades today, the topic of brownfields has extensively been researched in urban sociology, urban planning, and human geography, and numerous Western-Centric studies have linked the redevelopment of the abandoned, contaminated, vacant or derelict sites to sustainable urban regeneration and achieving smart cities and sustainability goals in general. Yet, until this day, the concept has received little academic and practical attention in Middle Eastern contexts. Western contexts on the other hand including Europe, UK and USA continue to offer unique perspectives on approaching brownfields in ways that reduce the alarming spatial cluttering and address socio-spatial disparities and spatial segregation in addition to achieving economic and environmental goals, and similar to the global scene, brownfield sites make a large portion of the post-industrial city of Amman, the capital of Jordan. However, with the lack of a systematic definition for the urban phenomenon objectives, methods to identifying potential brownfield sites and evaluating the prioritisation of their redevelopment that takes into consideration context particularities, and with the absence of participative approaches that include the local community in the decision-making regarding these spaces, city planners fail to include the increasingly growing number of brownfield site that proliferate their cities in the urban planning practice. Through the examination of literature discussions on objectives, approaches, classification systems, methodologies, assessment and evaluation tools for the support of design and prioritising decisions for brownfield regeneration indifferent contexts, and through looking at the numerous potential alternatives for brownfield sites regeneration these contexts highlight, this paper bids to emphasise the importance of developing context specific, localised tools tailored for the Middle Eastern case. Building on the above, this paper identifies five potential brownfield typologies in the context of Amman; (1)residual planning outcomes; (2) discontinued mines and quarries; (3) unfinished mega-projects; (4) contaminated and hazardous sites, and; (5) miscellaneous abandoned sites and buildings, and ends on the note that looking at the increasing demand to meeting smart growth and sustainability needs, these urban landscapes may function as catalysts for achieving comprehensive sustainable urban regeneration.
Revitalization Strategy for Historic Core of AhmedabadIEREK Press
In India, dense historic urban settlements were developed with the intention of provision of spaces for adequate engagement of the people. Public squares and streets became important places of interaction. ‘Historic core,’ espe-cially had public spaces meant for various socioeconomic groups. Ahmedabad city is a blend of a harmonious past and a vivacious present. Number of historical and architecturally important buildings were built during Muslim and Moghul rules. One of the first built structures within the walled city is the Bhadra fort, a citadel founded by sultan Ahmed Shah in 1411 with a huge public square in front, developed for purpose of procession and gathering. This Bhadra precinct went through various layers of transformation in different eras and now have become vulner-able due to congestion and encroachment. Though, a need for intervention was felt to bring back the lost vitality of the Bhadra precinct, it was realized that a comprehensive approach would be the necessity. Conservation and sensitive development approach was taken to tackle this problem through pedestrianization of the Bhadra precinct, re-routing of traffic and restoration of Bhadra fort. Larger level traffic and parking issues were also considered be-yond the site. Alternative use of Bhadra fort as tourist information center was considered. Urban design guidelines were proposed for harmonious development in the surrounding area. This proposal was considered for funding under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission(JnNURM)and was implemented. Many issues were faced during implementation of Bhadra project due to contextualization of informal commercial, religious and other cultural activities. Political, social and administrative factors also played immense role in implementation of proposal. Now since Ahmedabad has achieved the status of World Heritage City through UNESCO certification further implementation of this project will be relatively easy due to envisaged strong political and administrative support.
Sustainable Park Landscaping as an Approach for theDevelopment of the Built E...IEREK Press
Implementing sustainable principles when landscaping parks is vital for the development of the built environment, and should take into account environmental, social, economic, and cultural aspects, in order to eliminate conflict between developmental requirements, and the need to preserve cultural and natural resources. This paper reviews the guidelines that should be considered for current and future sustainable parks in regions with a moderate climate, in order to ensure that they incorporate ecotourism, cost effective operation and maintenance, a clean environment, the promotion of renewable energy, and resource preservation. A number of parks, located in moderate climate zones, are studied in terms of aspects such as their location, topography, operation, and landscaping characteristics, to demonstrate the prevailing normative values that can be applied to sustainable park design. Prince Meshari Park, in Al-Baha city, Saudi Arabia, is employed as a case study for applying all of the guidelines proposed in this investigation, and to highlight some of their merits and limitations in terms of the current situation of the park.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR 2024.pptxnikitacareer3
Looking for the best engineering colleges in Jaipur for 2024?
Check out our list of the top 10 B.Tech colleges to help you make the right choice for your future career!
1) MNIT
2) MANIPAL UNIV
3) LNMIIT
4) NIMS UNIV
5) JECRC
6) VIVEKANANDA GLOBAL UNIV
7) BIT JAIPUR
8) APEX UNIV
9) AMITY UNIV.
10) JNU
TO KNOW MORE ABOUT COLLEGES, FEES AND PLACEMENT, WATCH THE FULL VIDEO GIVEN BELOW ON "TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSNje0MBh7g
VISIT CAREER MANTRA PORTAL TO KNOW MORE ABOUT COLLEGES/UNIVERSITITES in Jaipur:
https://careermantra.net/colleges/3378/Jaipur/b-tech
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Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
2. Alcantara/ Environmental Science and Sustainable Development
pg. 42
Moreover, the Brazilian urban growth is related to a displacement model based on individual motorization.
Consequently, this model has degraded cities, making collectiveness unfeasible and also, causing incalculable social,
environmental and economic damages. As a result, it affects the quality of urban life directly. However, even in
concepts that have already been consolidated, such as sustainable urban mobility, it is clear that the need to change
paradigms has been shown less sensitive to existing concepts and proposals.
Therefore, from the assimilation between the phenomena that manage cities and human body, and from the perception
that concepts are dynamic and must evolve according to social construction of knowledge, this paper aims to develop
and present an innovative, disruptive and revolutionary concept for urban mobility - associated with a paradigm shift
- and supported by collectiveness. Indeed, its specific objectives are concentrated on: the identification of similar
aspects between the dynamics of urban and human organisms; the development of relations between the concepts of
Regenerative Medicine and Regenerative Mobility; and also, the development of first aspects which integrate this
new concept of Regenerative Mobility.
Furthermore, the methodological procedure has adopted the format of bibliographic research. In this case, its
development was based on works already developed by other authors such as those found in books and scientific
papers. Moreover, regarding the goals, the research type is exploratory, since it is an initial study, which will promote
further, more structured researches. Indeed, this type of research aims to develop, clarify and modify concepts and
ideas; in addition to reveal a specific problem and also, to promote conceptual aspects capable of solving or
minimizing it (Gil, 2008).
2. Collectivity: an essential factor of the city
Cities are mainly made up of social connections. Otherwise, they are not only large portions of people but social links
clusters. For instance, space, time, and infrastructure play a crucial role in enabling social interactions to create and
persist, consequently, allowing them to become open to increased connectivity (Bettencourt, 2013). Because of its
increased diversity, the city, a space of encounter and coexistence between "unknown" people, gives the urban
environment an enriching and civilizing character.
In addition, in community life, a group cohesion does not leave space for appeals that touch only an individual. As a
matter of fact, Kuster (2009) presents an enlightening metaphor. The author associates the conflicting relationship
between the possibility of joining the maintenance of individuality to the dynamics of the puzzle. One piece, when
connected to another, no longer exists as an isolated object, but as part of a set. Moreover, this is what allows to start
the search for other pieces, which gives more meaning to the collective with each new piece added (Kuster, 2009).
Thus, Glaeser (2011) emphasizes that the power of cities is not only linked to appropriate forms or extraordinary
architectures, but rather to the collective way in which their inhabitants are organized, how they deal with their
conflicts and cooperate with each other, exchanging ideas, artifacts, information, services, among others. Harvey
(2008) considers that the city right goes beyond the individual freedom of access to urban resources, but consists of
entitlement to change ourselves and thus change the city. However, this right is collective, since this transformation
depends on a collective power to reformulate urbanization processes (Harvey, 2008).
It should also be noted that the city is made up of a complex and therefore plural society. Pluralism presupposes the
coexistence of multiple voluntary and inclusive linkages, which reveals an openness to a multiple belonging
awareness (Fleury et al., 2008). Therefore, life in cities involves the collectivity, which requires its inhabitants a
conscience and behavior consistent with this characteristic. Furthermore, Kuster (2009) warns that in order to live in
society, it is necessary to balance doses of affection (desire) and responsibility. The city is collective by nature;
however, when choices and actions of a public character are applied on individual interests’ basis, there is a significant
threat to the quality of urban life and can result in serious problems.
The absence of the notion of collectivity in the population, as well as in social, political or economic representatives,
results in a distorted treatment and experience of urban life. Despite being challenging and involving rules that control
individual impulses, city life requires paradigm shifts to become, in fact, collective cities. Lima (2015) associates
useful transformations of public spaces with their limits and possibilities, also, the more open and intense the
interactions in free areas, the more effective will be their transformation.
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Indeed, by assuming its collective character in various aspects, the city recognizes its essence and enhances its
capacity to offer a quality of life to all. By associating collectivity with multiplicity in the offer of opportunities and
possible activities, the city becomes more productive and also enhances the interactions between people and citizens
with city spaces. Further, a key factor in order to occur such interactions is the displacements’ needed around the city,
which is also directly involved with the community. By driving solutions to urban displacements based on the priority
of individualization, the municipality harms itself and, consequently, the people who live in it.
The following chapter explores the urban mobility issue under the collective bias. Moreover, it reveals how
individualization problems in displacements have damaged life in cities and how it is possible to find ways, through
the collectiveness, that enables cities to evolve.
3. Urban Mobility: transformation requires new concepts
From the industrial revolution, cities began to experience explosive growth phenomena, which consequences have
been perpetuated until nowadays. Further, the results significantly reached people's lifestyles by introducing new
concepts of space use, particularly intending to the massive deployment of road space for automobiles. Besides, the
extensive areas occupied by low densities also stimulate and are stimulated by the excessive use of cars (Girardet,
2010). Additionally, treatments like this contribute to the exhaustion of cities' capacity to provide quality services to
people. As a result, the urban environment becomes deficient, susceptible to degradation and decay, thus
compromising people's quality of life.
Urban mobility in Brazil has experienced a significant increase in displacements by individual motor vehicles.
Furthermore, associated with this phenomenon, there are also substantial increases in travel times, energy
consumption and road space, pollutant emissions and the number of traffic accidents (ANTP, 2010). These are some
of the policy issues that have given priority to individual vehicles over collective modes of transportation. The
collectiveness has been losing value, space, demand, and importance in the city and Brazilian society.
Notably, the paradigm shift has been sought for some time, targeting better cities. For instance, the term sustainability
was officially presented in 1987 at the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development
(CMMAD, 2008). Moreover, the term was defined as the ability to meet the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations (CMMAD, 1988). In Brazil, this term was strengthened in 1992, at
the event Rio-92, which concluded by the need to aggregate the economic, environmental and social components to
guarantee sustainability (Senado Federal, 2017). In the early 2000s, the National Urban Mobility Policy was
introduced and followed by the presentation of the term sustainable urban mobility, defined as a result of
transportation and circulation policies sets aimed to provide democratic access to urban space through an effective,
socially inclusive and in an ecologically sustainable way of prioritization collective and non-motorized transportation
modes (Ministério das Cidades 2004). Subsequently, numerous other concepts and definitions have been developed
at the national and international levels, combining mobility and sustainability, such as the World Bank Council for
Sustainable Development (WBCSD, 2009), which according to them, sustainable mobility corresponds to the ability
to know people’s needs so that they can now move freely, gain easy access to places, communicate and establish
relationships without sacrificing other essential human or ecological values (WBCSD, 2009).
Furthermore, regarding the concepts, Hjorland's (2009) approaches that concepts are dynamically constructed
meanings, which classify the world according to particular interests and theories. As a matter of fact, concepts cannot
be understood in isolation from the objectives and theories that motivated their construction (Hjorland, 2009). The
author recognizes that the essential function of concepts is to fix reality parts in thought, language and other symbolic
systems that enable their communication and reflection. Besides, Hjorland (2009) emphasizes that temporal context
must be considered in the study concept since the meaning of a term cannot be something perennial or fixed
definitively. The author also emphasizes that the concepts are dynamic and must evolve according to the social
construction of knowledge.
Within the city, it is essential to highlight the concept of the system as an important attribute. According to Bertalanffy
(1995), the system notion can be perceived in several contexts. Indeed, starting from a biological foundation, the
author has developed the General Theory of Systems, which there is a general tendency to the integrate natural and
4. Alcantara/ Environmental Science and Sustainable Development
pg. 44
social sciences. Furthermore, the system is understood as a group of elements in interrelation with themselves and the
environment. Davis (1974) reports the possibilities of systems classification, which stands out the open system
concept, more appropriate to the urban context. Otherwise, it is about the existence of relationships in which there are
information, materials and energy exchanges with the environment. Thus, an open system is the one that interacts
with itself and also with other systems, in order to have exchange and communication. The author also highlights the
concept of homeostasis to affirm that open systems tend to adapt. For this reason, open systems require to adapt to
the changes which their environments are subjected as a fundamental factor to guarantee their existence.
In the field of medicine, Strand et al. (2004) have compared and evaluated complex adaptive systems (CAS) and
human complexity. Moreover, the authors define human complexity as the result of higher mental capacities and
human culture. Furthermore, the CAS concept is adopted by the same authors according to a variety of natural
systems, such as the human central nervous system, the human immune system, ecosystems, economies, and cities.
Therefore, the authors report that the analysis of human complexity is necessary to recognize the process towards the
identification of the medical objective itself may be a significant challenge in medicine.
In addition, about the disruptive characteristic, it is evident in this paper the adopted terms, for example, references
from Bower & Christensen (1995) and Christensen (1997), that refer to disruptive innovations. According to these
authors, the disruptive term is associated with a paradigm shift and new trajectories for the improvement.
Besides, in a contemporary and future context and also, associated concepts, Adams (2006), has raised some questions
about the world's landscape and possible future changes, and also some other questions regarding if sustainability-
related concepts provide a coherent and sufficient basis in order to have a change. Moreover, Table 1 presents some
concepts available in the literature that relate sustainability to the environment, transportation, and mobility.
Table 1.Relation between sustainability, environment, transports and mobility. Source: Authors.
World Commission on
Environment and Development
(CMMAD, 2008)
Environment
ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising
the capacity of future generations to meet their own needs.
EMBARQ (2006) Transport
set of transport activities associated with a relevant
infrastructure that, collectively, leaves no problems or costs that
future generations can not solve or support.
Ministério das Cidades (2004)
Mobility
a result of a transport and circulation policies set that aim to
provide democratic access to urban space through an effective,
socially inclusive and in an ecologically sustainable way of
prioritization collective and non-motorized transportation
modes.
Kayal et al. (2014)
refers to an alternative concept that seeks to understand the
complex movement of people and goods in cities, as well as the
link between transport and land use.
World Bank Coucil for
Sustainable Development
(WBCSD, 2009)
corresponds to the ability to know people’s needs so that they
can move freely today and in the future, in order to facilitate
access to places, also to communicate and establishing
relationships without sacrificing other essential human or
ecological values.
Sustainability concepts and sustainable urban mobility have inspired various researches. Furthermore, they have been
and continue to be very relevant for improving the planning and development of the cities. However, for Adams
(2006), the sustainability concept, while befing holistic, attractive and versatile, is also imprecise, since the idea of
sustainability can unite people, but not necessarily make them seek consistent goals. Moreover, the sustainability
concept has been widely used in different areas, by environmentalists, government officials, economists, planners and
entrepreneurs, who express many different views using the same concept. For the author, a profound paradox
surrounds this concept: on one side, everyone joined in this sustainability era (governments, civil society, and the
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private sector), on the other side, global activities become less and less sustainable since rhetoric sustainability is
ignored in practical decisions. Besides, Adams (2006) reinforces that sustainability concept is no longer sufficient for
the necessary changes and he also questions whether such a concept provided a consistent basis for change.
The same is pointed out by Girardet (2015), who emphasizes that even for the planning of new cities, or for retrofit
of existing cities, the concept related to sustainability is no longer sufficient.
In Brazil, there is a tendency to increase the degree of urban degradation provoked, among other reasons, by
paradigms and behaviors detrimental to urban mobility. Therefore, mobility in Brazilian cities faces a crisis. As a
consequence, it is still necessary, in the field of mobility, to find adequate answers to the new demands of this crisis.
According to the considerations expressed so far, which it can be concluded the rupture necessity, associated with a
lack of sustainability sensitivity, the following questions are addressed:
− How to change the existing scenario?
− Is the sustainability concept sufficient to guide this change?
− Should we work for urban mobility that (just) does not leave problems for future generations?
− Or should we desire urban mobility that can contribute to making future cities better than the present cities, so
that they could really evolve?
Adams (2006) reinforces that the attainment of favorable conditions for cities to be healthy organisms depends on
positive transformations. On the other hand, the transformation requires new concepts, new ways of involving society
in the search for solutions. Moreover, an effective strategy could be achieved by adopting an advanced or evolutionary
approach, emphasizing the sense of future improvement not only to keep the organism supporting cities alive but also
to correct and improve it (Adams, 2006).
Consequently, as an answer to the previously asked questions, the next chapter brings the Regenerative Mobility
approach as a new potential path, expressed by a new concept.
4. Regenerative Mobility: new ways through the city
In fact, considering the negative impacts of cities and the need to break concepts and behaviors related to urban
mobility, it has been highlighted a possible connection between this scenario and a medical approach. Furthermore,
the urban body has been degraded due to the practice of inadequate and incompatible actions allied with the balanced
development of the environment where it is inserted. Indeed, the correction of the damage caused requires a significant
change of concepts and behaviors.
4.1. Regenerative Medicine
Additionally, in the medical field, due to the necessity to change the course of chronic diseases, the ways to
evolutionary treatments have been sought in the principles of regeneration. The first reference to the term
Regenerative Medicine was published in 1992, by Kaiser L. R., in an American article. According to the Austrian
Society for Regenerative Medicine (2016), the Regenerative Medicine is evolving in its studies and research and
develops an attempt to change the course of chronic diseases by regenerating condemned cells, tissues and organs,
giving them superior conditions compared to the prior ones before the disease was acquired.
A good example is what has been done with hematopoietic cells, which make up the hematopoietic tissue, precursor
of the red bone marrow and responsible for the production of blood cells and lymph (Amabis & Martho, 2004).
Furthermore, the introduction of hematopoietic stem cells in cases where they used to manage fully functional organs
made it possible to reconstitute all the hematopoietic cells of the patient. Thus, for the first time, the bone marrow
could be slowly regenerated. The author warns about the existence of a crucial restrictive factor in medicine: there
are not enough organs for all the transplants demand (Oliveira et al., 2012). Moreover, this experience reveals that
the emergence of Regenerative Medicine, characterized by the combination of tissue engineering, stem cell therapy,
regeneration factors, extracellular matrices and therapeutic cloning, is intended to replace organ transplants. As a
result of its restrictive factor, transplants have come to be seen as insufficient for medicine. From this deficiency,
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Regenerative Medicine excels in offering pathways capable of advancing the treatment of diseases and achieving
better results for patients.
Furthermore, among the approaches of regenerative medicine is the work of Professor Shinya Yamanaka of Kyoto
University in Japan, who in 2007 transformed human cells into pluripotent cells (iPS), capable of transforming into
various cell types (Hayden, 2011). Otherwise, the cells have proved to be a benefit of regenerative medicine, since
by using the skin, blood or other cells of a person, it is possible to reprogram them into iPS cells and also use them to
improve liver cells, neurons, or whatever is necessary to treat a disease. The work by Professor Yamanaka, along with
Professor John Gurdon, has yielded the Medicine Nobel (Abbott, 2012). Further, regarding the applications, some
studies show cases applied in the regeneration of retina, glaucoma and Alzheimer's (Scudellari, 2016); and also other
studies on brain stimulation and research in Neuro-rehabilitation (Mayo Clinic, 2016).
4.2. Regeneration: from medicine to the city
Moreover, seeking significant advances in diseases solutions, the medicine has identified that organ transplant
treatments were deficient and, therefore, insufficient. Similarly, in the context of urban mobility, it is possible to
identify a similar situation. For cities, the challenge is to create more than sustainable cities, but cities that can
regenerate, improve and evolve. Thus, they must guarantee future and present generations not only efficient but also
low carbon resources, improvement of ecosystems which have been exploited beyond their limits (Girardet, 2010).
In order for cities to achieve desirable scenarios capable of providing quality of life to all its inhabitants, under
superior conditions to those they have already offered, the principles of regeneration emerge as a new paradigm
capable of responding more adequately to the crisis so far faced, and that aims more than "sustain" their capability to
offer urban life.
There is a significant lack of targeted medical treatments for healing or change that reaches the primary source of a
disease, especially those that are subject to degeneration. Consequently, these have only palliative treatments, without
favorable results. Moreover, this scenario ratifies how feasible is the field of Regenerative Medicine in the search for
diseases cure of a different perspective. Accordingly, it becomes feasible to use treatments that act directly on the
main and initial element of system change: the cell itself (Austrian Society, 2016).
The palliative treatments applied nowadays in urban mobility through many cities involve aspects of road
infrastructure, usually in an attempt to increase the cars flow. As a consequence, actions such as the construction of
overpasses, widening streets and avenues, increasing the speed limit, creating parking areas, among others, can give
a momentary sensation of improved mobility. However, such actions end up encouraging, even more, the use of
individual vehicles, provoking in cities the opposite effect: the degradation of the collective and also, an urban
mobility crisis. Therefore, it is necessary to use treatments that act directly on the primary element of system change:
the urban displacements.
Mulgan (2018) points out, regarding the human organism, that neurons only become useful when connected to billions
of other neurons: the entire group becomes much more useful than the sum of its parts. A similar relationship happens
in urban space: the collective, a fundamental characteristic of the city, is a factor which the quality of life depends.
Furthermore, by associating the regeneration of medicine and urban mobility, the collectiveness could be understood
as the treatment essence to be applied to urban displacements. Moreover, the roads that lead cities within reach of
Regenerative Mobility are only possible if the treatment of urban displacements is based on the community. Under
those circumstances, it is necessary to have a break from the individual to the collectiveness: collective cities as an
answer to the mobility crisis.
Besides, Regenerative Medicine has the potential to solve the problem of donor organ shortage compared to the
number of patients requiring organ transplantation (NIH, 2013). Further, transplants, still nowadays, are used as an
alternative to curing diseases. However, Regenerative Medicine offers ways to overcome a significant barrier faced
by those who need a transplant: the scarcity of donors. Indeed, realizing that this deficiency interferes directly and
negatively in the success of the treatment of the diseases, Regenerative Medicine finds in the stem cells a way to
overcome the paucity of donors and to reach more effective and efficient results, thus allowing unprecedented gains
in medicine.
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Regenerative Mobility, on the other hand, has the potential to contribute significantly to the solution of the problem
related to urban displacements, nowadays excessively carried out by automobiles. In this case, the use of individual
motor vehicles contributes to the scarcity of spaces for people, that is, spaces of leisure, nature, with safety and quality
for pedestrians and cyclists. Additionally, cars are too much used as a model for urban displacements. However,
Regenerative Mobility offers ways to overcome a significant barrier faced by those who need to move through cities:
the excess of individual motor vehicles in transit. Besides, verifying that this condition is a decisive factor not only
in the displacements but also in the quality of urban life, Regenerative Mobility finds in collective public transport
and in the collective city the primary way to overcome problems such as congestion, aiming at reaching more efficient
and effective conditions to enable people’s displacement, thus allowing real gains to mobility and the city as well.
Thus, urban mobility will only reach evolutionary frames if there is a sufficient investment in actions based on the
prioritization of modes such as collective public transportation, cycling, and walking; in parallel with the
discouragement of car use. In addition, the rational urban land use is aiming to reduce the distances traveled and
making it compatible with transport systems, also should contemplate a centralities' network. (Kneib, 2014 and 2016).
4.3. Regenerative Mobility and its potential for improving cities
The city is a complex and systemic organism. Hence, its regeneration depends on several factors, among which are
the mobility, accessibility, land use, health, education, public safety, environment and others. In this context, urban
mobility plays a fundamental role, by enabling people conditions to carry out the most varied activities across the
territory. However, public transit, preferentially facilitating medium and long displacements. is the structuring mode,
able to meet the principles of collectiveness and, therefore, is essential for Regenerative Mobility.
Therefore, Regenerative Mobility could be a great hope for cities that experience degradation scenarios of mobility
and wish to break this process and evolve. Even for those cities that are already on the road to sustainability,
Regenerative Mobility becomes essential, since sustaining alone may not be enough for mobility and cities to evolve.
Hence, the concept and principles of Regenerative Mobility could be applied to any city.
In order to summarize and simplify the relationship approach between Regenerative Mobility and Regenerative
Medicine, Figure 1 outlines the regeneration process developed on the treatment of "weakened organisms". In
addition, in T1, the organism is in a healthy state, which constitutes a normal condition of its functioning.
Subsequently, in T2 it could be observed the beginning of symptoms appearance that announces the arrival of a
particular disease. Afterward, in T3, the disease progresses, and the debilitation caused by the damages to the
organism make it doomed to saturation. Thus, In T4, after receiving expressive interventions based on regeneration,
the organism recovers. Consequently, when it has regenerated, the organism does not return to its initial state (T1),
but could also attain higher levels of health and conditions for its full and continuous development.
Figure 1. Regeneration process developed on the treatment of "weakened organisms". Source: Authors.
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Similar to Regenerative Medicine procedure, it is also possible to observe the mobility transformation stages on the
regenerative process. Moreover, it should be noted that Regenerative Mobility could be applied not only in cities with
condemned mobility but also in those with fewer damages (sick mobility) and even in cities with mobility "in
operation". Figure 2 outlines the procedure for Regenerative Mobility.
Figure 2. Regeneration process of "impaired mobility". Source: Authors.
Furthermore, in the cities’ case, regeneration depends on several factors, with mobility being one of the basics.
Additionally, obtained initially through the pillars of planning, sustaining, improving and evolving, public
transportation is the structuring element of Regenerative Mobility. Therefore, Regenerative Mobility, based on the
collectiveness, through public transportation, will be the basis of regenerating city process (Fig. 3).
Figure 3 The basis of regenerating city process. Source: Authors
4.4. Application of Regenerative Mobility principles
Since this is exploratory and initial research, as described earlier in this paper, which aims to develop, clarify, modify
and innovate concepts and ideas, for this reason, it becomes crucial to understand the proposed concept - Regenerative
Mobility - to illustrate some of its principles with practical examples.
Around the world, some cities already present actions and projects that reveal close relations to the principles of
Regenerative Mobility. As an illustration for a reflection and beginning of construction of this concept, two European
cities (London and Berlin) and another Latin American city (Bogotá) has been presented below.
− London, England
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It has been clearly observed that the role of public transportation as a strategies focus, has complemented and
articulated with several other elements. Moreover, according to the Mayor of London (2015, pg.1): "improving
transport is central to most regeneration plans, and that plays a key role in regeneration in London".
London uses the concept of regeneration similar to urban (re)qualification (helping places to prosper). Decisions taken
by TfL (Transport for London) play a central role in neighborhoods regeneration on the search for new investment
and in promoting a high quality of life for its residents (Mayor of London, 2015). Table 2 presents a set of strategies
and policies to support regeneration, which adopts the transport as the primary element.
Table 2.London: Strategies and policies to support regeneration. Source: Authors, based on Mayor of London (2015).
Opportunity and Intensification Areas
38 Opportunity Zones have been allocated, such as areas of industrial
occupations abandoned, with significant capacity to develop through
residential and commercial activities. Besides, 7 Intensification Zones
have been designated, which can accommodate work activities and
residences.
London Enterprise Panel - LEP
It contributes to the Economic Development Strategies distribution that
the mayor designates through the programs’ action between local partners.
Investment in public transport for qualification is a key feature of London
Growth Fund. LEP also has guaranteed 20 million euros for roads and
workplaces.
Economic Development Strategy
It actively refers to the public transit role on qualification. Transportation
links should support regeneration in the Opportunity Zones. It also
includes a commitment to consider the best ways to make local transport
and environmental improvements contribute to development.
Financing of roads and urban centers
re-qualification
Since 2011 the City of London has invested resources in roads
requalification. Improvements in transportation configure some of the
various consolidated projects as part of the city's duties.
Transport strategies
TfL and the City of London afirms that some actions need special
attention. For example: Support of economic development; Improvement
in quality of life; Support to urban renovation and fight against
deprivation.
− Berlin, Germany
Indeed, searching for new mobility and concerning the importance that the urban transport policies influence on
population's choices for new transportation modes, for instance, it has been analyzed the case of Berlin. Furthermore,
this is a case where traditional motoring patterns are not significant for its mobility, especially regarding the growing
number of adepts to other modes such as bicycle, walking and shared vehicles, for example, to the detriment to the
individual cars. Moreover, following the technology advances and its potential for smarter mobility, in particular, it
has been recognized in Berlin that smartphone applications have also been embedded as tools that help people make
their displacements decisions.
The Berlin Metropolitan Region (BMR) has been made up by the city of Berlin and 18 other local authorities close
to the capital. In 2013, the BMR added 4.4 million people, within 80% of this total living in Berlin. Although it is a
more evolved context concerning the investments and the quality of public transport services, the suburbanization
impact on displacement has been through increasing travel distances. Furthermore, faced with such a challenge, the
investments have concentrated in the road network, as well as in the public transportation of the region. Therefore,
the increase of the railway capacity in and through Berlin has been noted, due to the strategies performance based on
the so-called "mushroom concept" (Pilzkonzept), which is the intersection of two basic planning concepts: axis and
ring concepts which includes four stations of main lines decentralized in the ring line (Ringbahn) around the city
center. Moreover, the new concept consists of the central station - Berlin Hauptbahnof - which enabled more extensive
services and a new connection between the east-west and north-south directions; and five other stations, some old and
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some new ones. Besides, it has created a new high capacity rail branch in the south and a north tangential connection
(LSE Cities, 2015).
Furthermore, implications of the strategies implementation based on the mushroom concept in Berlin were significant:
they widened regional connectivity and increased transport flows by increasing service levels. Hence, after its
inauguration, regional suburban train services grew more than triple, with travel times being reduced by up to 35
minutes (LSE Cities, 2015).
Additionally, the demand increase for public transport between 2001 and 2011 was over 20%, from 1.14 to 1.38
million passengers. On the other hand, the relative participation of cycling and walking has been highlighted.
Consequently, the most significant gain was the decrease in car use. In order to reduce pollution in Berlin, a low
emission zone (Umweltzone) has been established in 2008, which settled restrictions on specific neighborhoods,
focusing on the adoption of low pollution certified vehicles (LSE Cities, 2015).
The transport policy that has been applied in Berlin also prioritizes walking and cycling as a transportation mode.
Further, with the construction of more than 1,000 km of cycling infrastructure, the number of cyclists has increased
by more than 40% between 2004 and 2012. For this reason, this investment impact has been reflected by the active
participation of cycling in all displacements in Berlin. Despite the advances, travels by cars still occur in higher
numbers than the others (37%). Subsequently, there are trips by public transport (30%) and by bicycle (17%) (LSE
Cities, 2015).
Moreover, individual vehicle availability rates are high in Berlin. However, 27% of households do not own a car. A
survey by the LSE Cities (2015) found that among the reasons why inhabitants do not own a car, 53% is due to the
high cost of owning and using the car, and also 47% said it was unnecessary to own a car in Berlin. Furthermore,
shared cars have also been an increasing option among the population (LSE Cities, 2015).
The development of new information and communication technologies has caused significant and increasing impacts
on the travel behavior in Berlin, with an emphasis on public transport. According to the research, 37% have
smartphones with Internet access, and displacement applications often used (LSE Cities, 2015).
Thus, advances in the quality of urban life had fundamental strategies based on public transportation. Moreover,
connectivity increase has not only been provided through actions such as the "mushroom concept", which had as its
main purpose the rail region network, but also a combined action of the various transportation modes. Although the
car use is still significant, it is evident that Berlin's transport policy, based on public transport prioritization, has
achieved better results in its organization and conflicts solution. Therefore, this is a case in which there are indications
of the application of consistent actions related with Regenerative Mobility and, as this concept emphasizes, there is
always the need to seek new advances, innovations, and improvements.
− Bogotá, Colombia
Bogotá has had public transportation as a crucial element in its urban transformation. In this case, Transmilenio, the
Bogotá Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system, was a determining change factor of the chaotic urban development scenario
in a dense city marked by social segregation with more than 7.5 million inhabitants (Bocarejo & Tafur, 2013).
The first phase of the TransMilenio system was inaugurated in December 2000. Inspired by Curitiba BRT system and
created as a key element of a mobility strategy to reduce the use of individual vehicles, prioritizing public
transportation and non-motorized modes. Further, the main goal of TranMilenio was to create an economic system,
capable of improving productivity and quality of life in Bogotá. Besides, TransMilenio has provided comfort, speed
and safety displacements to citizens. As a result, the challenges caused by severe social problems related to the
absence of excellent public transportation and also the constant congestion have been transformed by Transmilenio
implementation.
Bocarejo & Tafur (2013) have recognized that Transmilenio was able to change the perception of Bogotá: from
bankrupt to a sustainable and promising city example. Further, TransMilenio has constituted the most visible change,
but also it has effectively influenced aspects of Bogotá's urban structure and citizens' lives, such as land use,
productivity, road accidents and even crime and public health.
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As project focus has been the vast capacity of public transportation, the TransMilenio system has as differential
measures that complement and support public transportation use. Indeed, this system has included 300 kilometers of
new cycle paths, improvements in public space, and also the dominical closing of 120 kilometers of highways to
private motor vehicles, among other resources. Thus, the success of this project and the effective priority of
collectiveness, measures have been implemented to discourage the car use, through parking restrictions and also a
restricted use program by the license plate number (Ministério das Cidades, 2008).
Indeed, with new cycle routes, improvements in the public space and also the TransMilenio system, citizens could
notice a transformation that had been expanding through the city. Among the urban improvements that have been
mentioned, such as connection, development of areas, the material of Brazilian Ministério das Cidades (2008) has
emphasized that TransMilenio represent an example of a high-quality urban regeneration mix with BRT system,
mainly in roads where there is exclusive access to public transport.
Therefore, according to Bocarejo & Tafur (2013), in the last decades, Bogotá has developed a consistent policy based
on principles that give priority to public transportation and non-motorized modes, revealing the objective of
consolidating a dense city with a development-oriented to public transportation. Furthermore, the authors affirm that
TransMilenio has corroborated to the fact that mobility changes have a direct impact on urban development. However,
even in success, the city still faces some challenges, such as the increase in motorization rates, loss of service quality,
segregated areas with fairness lack of service, showing a city that has transformed itself for the better but still has
much more to evolve.
4.5. Regenerative Mobility and its basic attributes
The practical cases presented converge with the regenerative mobility concept, in which public transportation is a
fundamental element for positive and structuring changes in cities. Moreover, this regeneration depends on several
factors, in which the mobility is one of the basilar. Consequently, regenerative mobility, guided by the collectiveness,
focusing on public transportation, will be the basis of the regenerating city process.
The paper has developed the following specific objectives: first, to identify similar aspects between the human and
urban organism; secondly, to strengthen relations between the concepts of Regenerative Medicine and Regenerative
Mobility. Subsequently, the third specific objective, which deals with the initial development of Regenerative
Mobility characteristics, could be illustrated through a concepts synthesis and the case studies addressed. Further,
from the conceptual approach developed, as well as from the case studies carried out and with the pillars of planning,
sustaining, improving and evolving, it is possible to highlight seven essential attributes of Regenerative Mobility:
4.5.1. Systemic Approach
The first attribute portrays a significant analogy between medicine (human body) and urban mobility: the pieces
interfere in how the whole system works. Hence, the systemic approach is necessary for Regenerative Mobility to be
feasible. Therefore, it is essential to consider the interrelationship between urban mobility and the spheres in which
it is inserted and interacted. Thus, public policies need to be transversal and integrated; otherwise, mobility will not
be regenerative.
4.5.2. Recognition of city's metabolism
The second attribute refers to the notion that each city works as a complex and systemic organism, as well as singular
and particular. Thus, before applying any strategy of urban planning, first, it must be known the territory in which
intends to intervene. Furthermore, the particularities of each city - as well as the particularities of each human
organism - must be taken into account before going through a particular treatment. If this is not a condition for defining
intervention strategies in a city or a person, there are risks that, contrary to what is intended, cause other problems.
4.5.3. Collectivity focus
Despite its peculiarities, a characteristic, however, is common to all cities: the collectivity. Moreover, in this context,
the third attribute has been justified, and the same presupposes respect for the city’s collective essence. Further, as
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discussed in this paper, the city is, by its nature, multiple and diverse, these characteristics making it prosperous and
civilized. Indeed, it is evident that choices arising from individual interests threaten the quality of urban life.
Therefore, in the urban mobility context, this can have a substantial and negative impact on the conditions of people
displacements through the urban territory, which contributes to degrading any city.
4.5.4. Disruptive Innovation
The fourth attribute considers something that is at the core of Regenerative Mobility: the notion of a necessary
disruption process to give space for a paradigm shift and, thus, open the way for new paths. Furthermore, this notion
must be accompanied by the awareness that time is part of the urban organism, which causes this continuous changes.
Hence, the treatment given to the city can not perpetuate without it being under the constant changes and consequent
new necessities.
4.5.5. Identification, evolution, and improvement of existing urban elements
This attribute is also an essential step for the development of Regenerative Mobility since there is the understanding
that a configuration or treatment given to the city no longer meets their needs and, therefore, hinders or even prevents
it from evolving. Hence, by identifying such elements, it is possible to transform and thus improve them, achieving
evolution.
4.5.6. Direct action on urban displacements
Although it is contradictory, it is also common to find actions that sake urban mobility and, erroneously, do not
consider their due importance urban displacements. However, these must also be accompanied by the notion that the
city is collective by its essence. The sixth attribute refers to the treatment given to this characteristic in front of urban
mobility interventions. Therefore, collectiveness is expressed in this attribute based on the preference given to
pedestrians, cyclists and public transportation to the detriment of individual vehicles use.
4.5.7. Recognition of public transport as a structuring element
Since the city is the space of multiplicity, diversity, and collectivity, public transport is a fundamental mobility
element. The seventh attribute of Regenerative Mobility observes the structural character of this modal and considers
that it should be at the core of the urban displacement improvements actions, as well as must act in a harmonious and
integrated way with other transportation modes. Lastly, this connection must have people as protagonists, with public
transport as the collective structure of the cities in function of meeting the needs that the population presents regarding
the displacements through the territory.
Moreover, this paper is a result of initial studies on the Regenerative Mobility concept, and it should also be
highlighted that the attributes presented here have been derived from the concepts discussed so far. Therefore, these
are essential characteristics of Regenerative Mobility, which in the deepening researches development, it will function
as a basis for the next shreds of evidence about this concept. Table 3 presents a synthesis of these attributes and their
presence in each of the case studies.
Table 3.Synthesis of Regenerative Mobility Attributes. Source: Authors.
Regenerative Mobility Attributes London Berlin Bogotá
1. Systemic Approach: the pieces interfere in how the whole system works X X X
2. Recognition of city's metabolism: each city works as a complex and systemic
organism, as well as singular and particular
X X X
3. Collectivity focus: respect for the city’s collective essence X X X
4. Disruptive Innovation: necessary disruption process to give space for a
paradigm shift
X X
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Table 3 continued
5. Identification, evolution, and improvement of existing urban elements: certain
elements no longer meet the needs and therefore hinders or even prevents the city
from evolving. By identifying these elements, it is possible to transform and thus
improve them, achieving evolution
X X
6. Direct action on urban displacements: urban mobility interventions based on
collectiveness, from the preference given to pedestrians, cyclists and public
transportation to the detriment of individual vehicles use
X X X
7. Recognition of public transport as a structuring element: should be at the core
of the urban displacement improvements actions, as well as must act in a
harmonious and integrated way with other transportation modes
X X X
Hence, the attributes listed in Table 3 are initial properties that seek to translate the first steps of the developed concept
in an applied method. Moreover, they are extremely important in the research scope of this subject, since they are
primary and initial elements to understand the related phenomena, as well as for the development of qualitative and
quantitative research on the theme, including the development of indicators, which could help the mobility
characterization and how it could become a regenerative mobility - allied with the pillars to plan, sustain, improve
and evolve.
5. Final considerations
The approach that has been presented by this paper has raised questions that are challenging and also fundamental to
the cities. Moreover, it is essential to recapture Adams's (2006) position, which asserts that challenges require vision
and daring, and the sustainability concept may no longer be sufficient to induce necessary changes.
In order to change the existing scenario, that cities face a mobility crisis, this article supports Adams's (2006) vision
and presents the concept of Regenerative Mobility, which seeks an approach beyond sustainability, a concept that is
capable of contributing to making the cities of the future better than those of the present.
London uses a regeneration definition for its projects, however, associated with urban requalification. Girardet (2010
and 2015) uses a term more robustly, in what he calls a regenerative city, relating to its ecosystems, surroundings,
resources, and landscape, mentioning a restorative relationship, and comparing the urban regeneration concept with
the eco-regeneration. The author also mentions initiatives of urban regeneration, focusing on the health and well-
being of inhabitants, in Great Britain, Germany, and the United States. However, in this paper, the regenerative is not
just a term associated with mobility, but also provided as a new concept, with specific disruptive and evolutionary
purposes.
Furthermore, cities can offer the ability to establish better conditions of quality of life, always seeking to avoid new
problems, overcome old problems and repair damages already caused. Thus, the essence of such solutions lies at the
heart of every city: the collectiveness.
Besides the urban mobility context, the regeneration concept derivation, brought from the medicine, relates the
promising of stem cells with the potential of public transport. Furthermore, this is the way through which cities could
achieve significant evolution. Additionally, it is on this purpose that the Regenerative Mobility contribution is found.
Moreover, it is necessary to reverse roles from the individual to the collectiveness. Also, it is indispensable to consider
the systemic character that manages the cities and also applies to urban mobility. Based on Bertalanffy's (1995)
Theory of General Systems, as in the medical field and also in urban mobility, the interactions between the pieces
and the whole system are impermanent. Therefore, in order to Regenerative Mobility be feasible, the system requires
that it is essential to consider the interrelationship between urban mobility and the spheres in which it is inserted and
interacted.
14. Alcantara/ Environmental Science and Sustainable Development
pg. 54
In addition, it has emphasized that its conception does not rule out the sustainability importance and its potential in
offering improvements to mobility, cities and, consequently, people. However, Regenerative Mobility includes
sustainability in its principles but warns: just sustaining is not enough. Therefore, going beyond that is necessary.
Urban mobility will only reach evolutionary frames if there is adequate investment in actions based on the
prioritization of public transportation, complemented by cycling and walking; parallel to the rational use of the car
and the adequacy of the activities disposition in the territory. Eventually, it is fundamental to recover and articulate
existing concepts and proposals, such as the Compact City and Transport Oriented Development principles, which
aim to stimulate the mixed land use and the compact occupation, thus reducing the displacements distances and
bringing people closer to the available high capacity transport infrastructures (ITDP, 2017). Thus, when dealing with
innovation in urban systems, it is also necessary to consider as a critical approach the principles of the Living Labs
concept (Concilio, 2016), which will allow a deeper understanding of future works.
In order to give a clue to practical cases that converge with the regenerative mobility concept, three examples in which
public transportation is a fundamental element for positive and structure changes. Moreover, this regeneration
depends on several factors, being the mobility one of the basilar. Consequently, regenerative mobility, based on the
collectiveness, through the pillars of planning, sustaining, improving and evolving, has public transportation as the
basis of the regenerating city process.
Moreover, it is noteworthy that this paper achieved its general objective in developing and presenting a disruptive
concept of Regenerative Mobility. Besides, by pointing out similarities between the dynamics of urban and human
organisms and thus developing relationships between the concepts of Regenerative Medicine and Regenerative
Mobility, it is emphasized that this work also reached its specific objectives. Indeed, it is a concept launched in its
initial bases, and that seeks to aggregate researches, knowledge and involve society in order to pursue solutions.
Under those circumstances, it is expected that this article could contribute to the first steps of Regenerative Mobility
and also instigate the reflection of researchers, managers, planners, and society itself.
In conclusion, the development of this work had some limitation due to this new concept, for instance, the small
number of references associated even related to the regenerative city. On the other hand, this characteristic can also
be a stimulus for other works to be developed in order to continue the development and consolidate the Regenerative
Mobility concept. Hence, potential future work is expected to develop practical methods applicable to cities, including
classifications, characterizations and also quantitative and qualitative tools for diagnosis, planning, and evaluation, to
consolidate Regenerative Mobility and contribute to driving cities to the desired evolutionary process.
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