Poster prepared by Yetsedaw Aynewa, Temesgen Alene, Addisu Asfaw, Mohammed Ibrahim, Workneh Dubale, Zewdie Bishaw and Seid Ahmed for the Africa RISING Ethiopian Highlands Project Review and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, 21–22 May 2019
Diversification of wheat based cropping system through the introduction of hi...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Yetsedaw Aynewa, Temesgen Alene, Addisu Asfaw, Mohammed Ibrahim, Workneh Dubale, Zewdie Bishaw and Seid Ahmed for the Africa RISING Ethiopian Highlands Project Review and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, 21–22 May 2019
Feed and forage development and scaling in the Ethiopian highlands africa-rising
Poster prepared by Aberra Adie, Melkamu Bezabih, Kindu Mekonnen and Peter Thorne for the Africa RISING Ethiopian Highlands Project Review and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, 21–22 May 2019
Leveraging vegetable seed companies for enhanced nutritional outcomes of popu...WorldFish
Presented by Dr. Ray-Yu Yang (AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center) and Mr. S. M. Abdul Mukit, (Lal Teer Seed) at the WorldFish Bangladesh Office on the 29th of August, 2013.
The seminar presented the concept and approach of the new project funded by the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health, A4NH.
This project intends to build upon the collaboration between AVRDC, CIP and WorldFish in the USAID Feed the Future funded project “Improving incomes, nutrition, and health in Bangladesh through potato, sweet potato, and vegetables” (USAID-Horticulture).
Crop varieties research and implications on closing yield gaps and diversifyi...africa-rising
Presented by Kalpana Sharma, Frédéric Baudron, Yetsedaw Aynewa, Seid Ahmed Kemal, Asheber Kifle, Meresiet Hailu and Shawkat Begum at the Workshop and Exhibition on Promoting Productivity and Market Access Technologies and Approaches to Improve Farm Income and Livelihoods in Ethiopia: Lessons from Action Research Projects, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 8-9 December 2016
Working towards release of drought tolerant and disease resistant groundnut v...Tropical Legumes III
Under the umbrella of @tropicallegumes III and USAID Groundnut upscaling project, a team of scientists from ICRISAT and partner organizations have been working towards the release of drought tolerant and disease resistance groundnut varieties in Nigeria.
Diversification of wheat based cropping system through the introduction of hi...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Yetsedaw Aynewa, Temesgen Alene, Addisu Asfaw, Mohammed Ibrahim, Workneh Dubale, Zewdie Bishaw and Seid Ahmed for the Africa RISING Ethiopian Highlands Project Review and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, 21–22 May 2019
Feed and forage development and scaling in the Ethiopian highlands africa-rising
Poster prepared by Aberra Adie, Melkamu Bezabih, Kindu Mekonnen and Peter Thorne for the Africa RISING Ethiopian Highlands Project Review and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, 21–22 May 2019
Leveraging vegetable seed companies for enhanced nutritional outcomes of popu...WorldFish
Presented by Dr. Ray-Yu Yang (AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center) and Mr. S. M. Abdul Mukit, (Lal Teer Seed) at the WorldFish Bangladesh Office on the 29th of August, 2013.
The seminar presented the concept and approach of the new project funded by the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health, A4NH.
This project intends to build upon the collaboration between AVRDC, CIP and WorldFish in the USAID Feed the Future funded project “Improving incomes, nutrition, and health in Bangladesh through potato, sweet potato, and vegetables” (USAID-Horticulture).
Crop varieties research and implications on closing yield gaps and diversifyi...africa-rising
Presented by Kalpana Sharma, Frédéric Baudron, Yetsedaw Aynewa, Seid Ahmed Kemal, Asheber Kifle, Meresiet Hailu and Shawkat Begum at the Workshop and Exhibition on Promoting Productivity and Market Access Technologies and Approaches to Improve Farm Income and Livelihoods in Ethiopia: Lessons from Action Research Projects, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 8-9 December 2016
Working towards release of drought tolerant and disease resistant groundnut v...Tropical Legumes III
Under the umbrella of @tropicallegumes III and USAID Groundnut upscaling project, a team of scientists from ICRISAT and partner organizations have been working towards the release of drought tolerant and disease resistance groundnut varieties in Nigeria.
Forward Look on Agriculture and Nutrition in Ghana by Jeff Waage, LIDC DirectorGlo_PAN
Forward Look on Agriculture and Nutrition in Ghana - by Jeff Waage, Technical Adviser of the Global Panel and
Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Researchon Agriculture and Health.
Pan-tropical perspective of recent developments in pasture research and devel...ILRI
Presented by Chris Jones, Alan Duncan, Sita Ghimire, Ben Lukuyu, Michael Peters, Melkamu Derseh, Alieu Sartie and Michael Blummel at the Tropical Pastures Workshop, CATIE, Turrialba, 24-26 April 2019
Innovative Chickpea Seed and Technology Delivery Systems in Eastern and South...Tropical Legumes III
Small scale chickpea farmers require complementary functional seed and product markets if sustainable seed production is to be achieved.
Selection of chickpea variety by farmers is largely influenced by consumer demand and market superiority.
Participatory variety selection enhances cost effective testing and increases chances of varietal adoption.
Market pull is key driver for success in Ethiopia which resulted in stakeholder participation and government’s policy support.
Involvement of policy makers is crucial for quick dissemination of proven technologies (eg, Ethiopia).
An overview of chickpea improvement program of ethiopia #TropicallegumesTropical Legumes III
The chickpea improvement program released 24 improved varieties (17 national and 7 regional)
The released/pipeline varieties have traits such as:
• large seed (64 g/100 seed weight)
• Disease resistance (Ascochyta blight/Fusarium wilt)
• Drought tolerance (MABC)
• Early maturing
• High yielding
• Machine harvestable
• Heat tolerant
The average yield gain due to these varieties is 2-3 fold over landrace varieties
Projects such as TL II have aggressively supported variety development, release and dissemination through integrated seed systems
Integration of the formal and informal seed production and distribution system has enhanced availability
With the uptake of these varieties and associated production packages, the national productivity has been on steady increase.
Can cultivation of ‘fruit tree portfolios’ contribute to farmer families’ year-round vitamin supply? Evidence from Eastern Kenya. By Katja Kehlenbeck, Stepha McMullin, Ken Njogu, Parveen Anjarwalla, Esther Karanja-Kamau, Ramni Jamnadass
Enhancing food and nutritional security through introducing high value fruit ...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Aster Gebrekirstos, Hadia Seid, Abayneh Melke, Aklilu Negussie, Abiye Astatke, Kiros Hadgu, Kindu Mekonnen and Fitsum Hagos for the Africa RISING Ethiopia Review and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, 29-30 November 2016
Sweetpotato: Enhancing food and feed in smallholder systems in Eastern AfricaILRI
Poster by Ben Lukuyu, Carlos Leon Velarde and Sammy Agili for the ASARECA General Assembly and Scientific Conference, Bujumbura, Burundi, 9-13 December 2013
The presentation was shared at the recent annual meeting of the American Society for Plant Biologists, and outlines the barriers to agricultural technology adoption in developing countries and discusses the potential role of biofortification in helping people get access to more nutritious food worldwide.
This presentation was given by Alan de Brauw, Senior Researchers in the Markets Trade and Institutions Division at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Alan also serves as Flagship Leader of Value Chains for Enhanced Nutrition for the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH). More information can be found at a4nh.cgiar.org.
Presentation at the Dupont Forum. The panel will look at how investing in technologies is insufficient on its own to enact effective agricultural water management, and will explore the importance of accompanying context appropriate policies and institutions.
Innovative approach on common bean based technology generation and promotion ...Tropical Legumes III
Higher production of Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L), is constrained with several biotic and abiotic factors and the common bean research program in Ethiopia aims at contributing to the improvement of the livelihoods of smallholder farmers through generation and promotion of improved varieties which are demand driven, climate-smart, and tolerant to biotic and abiotic constraint.
Participatory Varietal Selection (PVS) and Scaling of Enset landracesafrica-rising
Poster prepared by Zerihun Yemataw, Tesfaye Dejene, Alemar Seid, Sadik Muzemil, Workneh Dubale and Kindu Mekonnen for the Africa RISING Ethiopian Highlands Project Review and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, 21–22 May 2019
Forward Look on Agriculture and Nutrition in Ghana by Jeff Waage, LIDC DirectorGlo_PAN
Forward Look on Agriculture and Nutrition in Ghana - by Jeff Waage, Technical Adviser of the Global Panel and
Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Researchon Agriculture and Health.
Pan-tropical perspective of recent developments in pasture research and devel...ILRI
Presented by Chris Jones, Alan Duncan, Sita Ghimire, Ben Lukuyu, Michael Peters, Melkamu Derseh, Alieu Sartie and Michael Blummel at the Tropical Pastures Workshop, CATIE, Turrialba, 24-26 April 2019
Innovative Chickpea Seed and Technology Delivery Systems in Eastern and South...Tropical Legumes III
Small scale chickpea farmers require complementary functional seed and product markets if sustainable seed production is to be achieved.
Selection of chickpea variety by farmers is largely influenced by consumer demand and market superiority.
Participatory variety selection enhances cost effective testing and increases chances of varietal adoption.
Market pull is key driver for success in Ethiopia which resulted in stakeholder participation and government’s policy support.
Involvement of policy makers is crucial for quick dissemination of proven technologies (eg, Ethiopia).
An overview of chickpea improvement program of ethiopia #TropicallegumesTropical Legumes III
The chickpea improvement program released 24 improved varieties (17 national and 7 regional)
The released/pipeline varieties have traits such as:
• large seed (64 g/100 seed weight)
• Disease resistance (Ascochyta blight/Fusarium wilt)
• Drought tolerance (MABC)
• Early maturing
• High yielding
• Machine harvestable
• Heat tolerant
The average yield gain due to these varieties is 2-3 fold over landrace varieties
Projects such as TL II have aggressively supported variety development, release and dissemination through integrated seed systems
Integration of the formal and informal seed production and distribution system has enhanced availability
With the uptake of these varieties and associated production packages, the national productivity has been on steady increase.
Can cultivation of ‘fruit tree portfolios’ contribute to farmer families’ year-round vitamin supply? Evidence from Eastern Kenya. By Katja Kehlenbeck, Stepha McMullin, Ken Njogu, Parveen Anjarwalla, Esther Karanja-Kamau, Ramni Jamnadass
Enhancing food and nutritional security through introducing high value fruit ...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Aster Gebrekirstos, Hadia Seid, Abayneh Melke, Aklilu Negussie, Abiye Astatke, Kiros Hadgu, Kindu Mekonnen and Fitsum Hagos for the Africa RISING Ethiopia Review and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, 29-30 November 2016
Sweetpotato: Enhancing food and feed in smallholder systems in Eastern AfricaILRI
Poster by Ben Lukuyu, Carlos Leon Velarde and Sammy Agili for the ASARECA General Assembly and Scientific Conference, Bujumbura, Burundi, 9-13 December 2013
The presentation was shared at the recent annual meeting of the American Society for Plant Biologists, and outlines the barriers to agricultural technology adoption in developing countries and discusses the potential role of biofortification in helping people get access to more nutritious food worldwide.
This presentation was given by Alan de Brauw, Senior Researchers in the Markets Trade and Institutions Division at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Alan also serves as Flagship Leader of Value Chains for Enhanced Nutrition for the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH). More information can be found at a4nh.cgiar.org.
Presentation at the Dupont Forum. The panel will look at how investing in technologies is insufficient on its own to enact effective agricultural water management, and will explore the importance of accompanying context appropriate policies and institutions.
Similar to Diversification of wheat based cropping system through the introduction of high yielding barley and durum wheat in the highlands of Ethiopia
Innovative approach on common bean based technology generation and promotion ...Tropical Legumes III
Higher production of Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L), is constrained with several biotic and abiotic factors and the common bean research program in Ethiopia aims at contributing to the improvement of the livelihoods of smallholder farmers through generation and promotion of improved varieties which are demand driven, climate-smart, and tolerant to biotic and abiotic constraint.
Participatory Varietal Selection (PVS) and Scaling of Enset landracesafrica-rising
Poster prepared by Zerihun Yemataw, Tesfaye Dejene, Alemar Seid, Sadik Muzemil, Workneh Dubale and Kindu Mekonnen for the Africa RISING Ethiopian Highlands Project Review and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, 21–22 May 2019
High value fruit trees production and scaling in the Ethiopian highlands africa-rising
Poster prepared by Workneh Dubale, Mohammed Ebrahim, Addisu Asfaw, Temesgen Alene, Abiye Astatke, Amerga Menji, Kindu Mekonnen and Peter Thorne (ILRI) for the Africa RISING Ethiopian Highlands Project Review and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, 21–22 May 2019
Postharvest feed handling and utilization innovation africa-rising
Poster prepared by Melkamu Bezabih, Aberra Adie, Kindu Mekonnen and Peter Thorne (ILRI) for the Africa RISING Ethiopian Highlands Project Review and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, 21–22 May 2019
Sixth bulletin of the quarterly publication of Tropical Legumes III (TL III) ...Tropical Legumes III
This edition of the bulletin features: Key highlights, achievements, lessons learnt during year 1 of project implementation and success stories from the field.
On farm demonstration and evaluation of sweet potato varietiesUrgessa Tilahun
Sweet potatoes are an important traditional food crop in Ethiopia, valued by farmers for their versatility, high
caloric content, and taste. An improved, disease resistant and high yielding variety of sweet potato is very
important to improve farmers’ productivities and income. Objective of this study was to demonstrate the already
verified and improved varieties of sweet potatoes on selected districts of West and Kellem Wollega Zones. The
demonstration and on farm evaluation result of thisstudy revealed that the Balo variety was best by comparing it
with the local one. The average yield of Balo variety is 46.81 kg per 100m
2
plots of land and 24 kg per 100m
2
plots of land for local variety. The mean value of Balo variety at local market is 140.43 birr per 100m
2
plots of
land, which is preferable to local type. The net benefit per hectare for Balo variety, 39,613 birr perhectare, is
larger than that of local variety, 21,945 birr per hectare. The mean weight of marketable tuber per plot is 0.9875
kg for Balo variety which is larger than that of local variety, 0.324 kg. Farmers’ have got training through
Farmer Research Group (FRG) approach, in which theyhave practically seen and tested two varieties through by applying full extension packages.
New dryland legume and cereal varieties for genetic intensification in semi-a...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Wills Munthali, Peter Ngowi, Elirehema Swai, James Mwololo, Bekunda Mateete and Patrick Okori for the Africa RISING ESA Project Review and Planning Meeting, Lilongwe, Malawi, 3–5 October 2018.
Seventh bulletin of the quarterly publication of Tropical Legumes III (TL III...Tropical Legumes III
This bulletin focusses on the progress made under objective four: enhancing common bean productivity and production in focus geographies of sub-Saharan Africa, during year one of
phase III implementation.
First bulletin of the quarterly publication of Tropical Legumes III (TL III) ...Tropical Legumes III
The Bulletin of Tropical Legumes is a quarterly publication of the Tropical Legumes III (TL III) project, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and jointly implemented by the
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and the International Institute of Tropical
Agriculture (IITA) in close collaboration with partners in the national agricultural research systems (NARS) of target countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. TL III aims
to improve the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in drought-prone areas of the two regions through enhanced productivity and production of grain legumes.
Approaches and interventions to make SI function in the Ethiopian Highlands: ...africa-rising
Presented by Kindu Mekonnen and Peter Thorne (ILRI) at the Echo East Africa Symposium on Best Practices in Improved Nutrition and Sustainable Agriculture in Highland Areas, Rwanda, 26-28 November 2019
Presented by Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon (IITA) and Peter Thorne (ILRI) at the Africa RISING–SIMLESA Joint Learning Event, Arusha, Tanzania, 13–15 March 2018
Malawi Seed Industry Development Project (MSIDP)- A Malawi Seed Alliance News...ICRISAT
The Government of Malawi is working with ICRISAT, CIAT and the Malawi Seed Industry Development Project (MSIDP II) to increase the utilization of legumes and cereals as a means of reducing malnutrition and stunting in women, children and other vulnerable groups in the country. Over 7500 farmers have so far obtained training on processing and consumption of these foods since the start of MSIDP II in 2016. According to the latest Integrated Household Survey (IHS4) report released in 2018, over 35% of Malawians are malnourished. To tackle this issue, MSIDP II has intensified efforts to enhance consumption of agricultural produce among the local populace, with a focus on food processing and utilization.
Advances in chickpea crop improvement for improved productivity and resilient...Tropical Legumes III
#DYK National production of Chickpea in Ethiopia have doubled (1.9 ton ha-1) compared to what it was a decade ago. However, the country’s share in the global chickpea export market is only about 4%, study conducted under TL III suggests some future directions to address this: crop improvement to meet quality requirements, drought and heat tolerant varieties, mechanized farming, strengthen seed system to satisfy the increasing demand, enhance technology dissemination and market linkage, strengthened small-pack approach and push chickpea to non-traditional potential areas.
Similar to Diversification of wheat based cropping system through the introduction of high yielding barley and durum wheat in the highlands of Ethiopia (20)
Africa RISING project implementation and contribution in Ethiopia. Presented at Africa RISING close-out event.
24-25 January 2023
ILRI campus- Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Technique de compostage des tiges de cotonnier au Mali-Sudafrica-rising
Poster prepared by Moumini Guindo, Bouba Traoré, Birhanu Zemadim Birhanu, and Alou Coulibaly for the 13th Symposium of the Malian Society of Applied Sciences (MSAS), 01 July – 05 August 2022.
Flux des nutriments (N, P, K) des resources organiques dans les exploitations...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Moumini Guindo, Bouba Traoré, Birhanu Zemadim Birhanu, and Alou Coulibaly for the 13th Symposium of the Malian Society of Applied Sciences (MSAS), 01 July 1 – 05 August 2022.
Eliciting willingness to pay for quality maize and beans: Evidence from exper...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Julius Manda, Adane Tufa, Christopher Mutungi, Arega Alene, Victor Manyong and Tahirou Abdoulaye for the IITA Social Science Group Virtual Meeting, 7 December 2021.
The woman has no right to sell livestock: The role of gender norms in Norther...africa-rising
Presented by Kipo Jimah and Gundula Fischer (IITA) at the virtual conference on Cultivating Equality: Advancing Gender Research in Agriculture and Food Systems, 12-15 October 2021
Contribution of Africa RISING validated technologies, nutrition-education interventions to household nutrition and participatory nutrition-education need assessment with seasonal food availability in Amhara, Oromia and SNNP regions of Ethiopia
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Diversification of wheat based cropping system through the introduction of high yielding barley and durum wheat in the highlands of Ethiopia
1. Diversification of wheat based cropping system through the introduction of high
yielding barley and durum wheat in the highlands of Ethiopia
Yetsedaw Aynewa1, Temesgen Alene2, Addisu Asfaw2, Mohammed Ibrahim2, Workneh Dubale2, Zewdie Bishaw1 and Seid Ahmed1
1International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)
2International Livestock Research Institute (LRI)
Introduction
About 4.1 million farmers grow wheat in Ethiopia. Area coverage is
1.7 million ha. Wheat productivity is low due to diseases (rusts),
grassy weeds and poor soil fertility, which is happening due to
mono-cropping. Diversification of bread wheat production with high
yielding and disease resistant durum wheat and barley is critical to
improve food security and income of smallholder farmers.
Results/Achievements
Method/Approaches
• Farmers produced 137 t of seeds through revolving seed
scheme from the project in 2018/2019 season.
• Seven cultivars of durum wheat, malt barley and food barley
selected from Phase I scaled by partners in 2018/2019 season.
• The average productivity of durum wheat (3 t ha-1) and both
barley types (3 t ha-1) was higher than the national average (< 2
t ha-1).
• The spillover effect benefited 18 additional districts other than
the four Africa RISING sites (Table1).
• Estimated area covered by partner scaling was 7818 ha in the
four zones.
• To address soil acidity problem, linseed and food oat were
selected by farmers.
• Over 1800 farmers and other stakeholders visited PVS, seed
production and scaling activities in the four Africa RISING sites.
• PVS of food barley cultivars.
• Demonstration and seed production of selected cereal
(bread wheat, durum wheat, barley and food oat).
• Comparison of PVS with crowdsourcing approach
using food barley.
Plan for 2019/20
• Limited resources and access to early generation
seeds to provide to community growers.
• Weak linkage with industries for durum wheat and
malt barley.
• Limited involvement of female farmers in the research
and BoA for scaling.
• Specific and wide adapted cultivars identified and
taken by the Extension Department.
• Community seed growers and public seed enterprises
involved in seed production.
The Africa Research In Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation (Africa RISING) program comprises three research-for-
development projects supported by the United States Agency for International Development as part of the U.S. government’s Feed the
Future initiative.
Through action research and development partnerships, Africa RISING will create opportunities for smallholder farm households to move out
of hunger and poverty through sustainably intensified farming systems that improve food, nutrition, and income security, particularly for
women and children, and conserve or enhance the natural resource base.
The three projects are led by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (in West Africa and East and Southern Africa) and the
International Livestock Research Institute (in the Ethiopian Highlands). The International Food Policy Research Institute leads an
associated project on monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment.
www.africa-rising.net
Key challenges and lessons
We thank farmers and local partners in Africa RISING sites and ICARDA for their contributions to this research. We also thank
USAID for its financial support through the Feed the Future Initiative.
Acknowledgement
Scaling by
partners
Demonstration,
seed production
and field days
Male & female
farmer
selection
PVS-Durum
wheat and
barley for food
and industry (4
locations,16
farmers)
Zones Male Female Total
Bale 7075 1057 8132
North Shewa 8360 369 8729
South Tigray 512 169 681
Hadiya 192 28 220
Total 16139 1623 17762
Table 1. Beneficiary male and female farmers-partners
scaling