Apresentação Dr. Majid Labbaf Khaneiki - ICQHS
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Apresentação do Professor Dr. Dr. Majid Labbaf Khaneiki - ICQHS, investigador do International Center on Qanats and Historic Hydraulic Structures (ICQHS), Yazd, Irão, no âmbito da sessão de Apresentação Pública do Colóquio Internacional e Projeto em Rede, no dia 07 de Maio de 2012 na Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa
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Current thinking is that there was no single "cradle", but several civilizations that developed independently; with the Fertile Crescent, Mesopotamia and Egypt, understood to be the earliest.
Introduction to art chapter 16 ancient africa 172 chap
This document provides an overview of ancient African civilizations, including their origins, art, and major cultures. It discusses early rock paintings from 7000 BCE depicting domesticated animals in Sahara and southern Africa. Later, the Nok culture in Nigeria produced sophisticated terracotta sculptures from 500 BCE to 200 CE. Many ancient urban cultures arose south of the Sahara after 1000 CE, including cities along the Niger River like Jenne-jeno. Egypt is also discussed in depth, noting its immense influence and over 3000 years of cultural continuity and stability along the Nile River.
Persuasive essay[1]
The document is a persuasive essay arguing that one should visit ancient Egypt due to its incredible geographical importance provided by the Nile River, majestic historical monuments, and easily accessible means of travel. The Nile River influenced the development of ancient Egyptian civilization by providing water for transportation, crops, and building materials from deposited sediment. Ancient Egypt contains many impressive temples, tombs, and artworks, including the iconic Pyramids of Giza and Sphinx. Travel was simple along the Nile River or roads within ancient Egypt.
Theme 1 History 140
This document discusses history, science, and trade. It covers the origins of modern humans in Africa and their migration around the world. DNA evidence shows that all humans originated from Africa. The document also discusses a major catastrophe that occurred in the 6th century CE, cooling the planet and causing droughts, famines, and the spread of plague. Additionally, it notes that pre-Columbian maps and societies were often more advanced than previously believed, and extensive trade networks existed globally before European exploration.
"In The Wake Of The Flood" Draft
The document summarizes the proposed television program "In The Wake of The Flood: Sunken Cities of the Past" which would explore recent underwater archaeological discoveries of ancient civilizations and examine flood myths in different cultures. It would investigate sites like sunken cities off Egypt, underwater ruins in India once thought to be part of the lost kingdom of Kumari Kandam, and pyramid structures in Japan over 8,000 years old. Experts would discuss whether these discoveries could change understandings of human progress and whether an earlier advanced civilization spanned great distances and influenced ancient empires.
Egypt Culture And Costume
This document provides an overview of ancient Egypt, including its geography along the Nile River, architecture such as pyramids and temples, art including sculpture and painting, clothing, and religious beliefs. Some key points:
- The Nile River was essential to the development of Egyptian civilization, providing fertile land and resources.
- Major architectural achievements included pyramids and other monumental structures built of stone with skilled labor. Pyramids symbolized the pharaoh's role and the afterlife.
- Art served religious and funerary purposes, depicting the pharaoh's power and assisting the deceased. Sculptures emphasized social hierarchy while paintings illustrated the afterlife.
- Religious beliefs centered around gods
Ancient civilizations
This document provides information about five ancient river valley civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, China, and the Fertile Crescent. It discusses the geography, politics, economics, and social aspects of each civilization. Key points include: Mesopotamia arose between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; Egypt's civilization was centered around the Nile River; the Indus Valley civilization spanned modern-day Pakistan and India; China began along the Yellow River; and the Fertile Crescent stretched through modern Iraq, Israel, and Syria. Each civilization relied on farming and trade. Writing systems included cuneiform, hieroglyphics, and early Chinese characters.
Contributions of imperial_china
Imperial China made several important contributions including the magnetic compass, gunpowder, and movable type printing. The compass allowed for navigation and exploration, gunpowder led to weapons like cannons, and movable type printing made books more widespread. Other inventions included the mechanical clock, smallpox inoculation, advanced shipbuilding, waterway and wall construction projects, porcelain, silk, tea, paper, and paper money. However, the Ming emperor's decision to halt exploration limited China's global influence. These scientific and technological advances from Imperial China significantly impacted world development.
Mid term review
The document discusses the major early civilizations that developed between 600-1450 CE. It describes the four initial centers of civilization as the Middle East, Egypt, Northwestern India, and Northern China. Key aspects of these river valley civilizations included agriculture, surplus food production, social hierarchies, divisions of labor, and written languages. The document also examines aspects of Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Indus Valley, and early Chinese civilizations such as government structures, religions, and cultural and technological achievements.
The Pleistocene Delta of the Old Al Balatah River System, Northeastern Libya ...
The present article concerns with the topography, geomorphology and morphotectonic features of the vast Pleistocene inland delta of the paleoriver system of the Al Balatah Valley in northeastern Libya and its eastern extension in the Great Sand Sea of Egypt where it constitutes what is known as Nahda Plain immediately east of the Libyan Egyptian borders. The paleodelta was formed as a result of northward flowing of the old Al Balatah river streams into a huge Pleistocene freshwater lake occupying the area lying between latitudes 26° 30’ and 28° 30’, and longitudes 23° 15 and 25° 26’. It was previously described as belonging to the ancient Al Kufrah Paleoriver, however, evidences from the paleo drainage patterns show that this ancient delta is belonging to the Al Balatah Paleoriver, not to the Al Kufrah Paleoriver. The paleoriver basin of the Al Balatah Valley is bounded along its both eastern Egyptian and western Libyan sides by two intersecting groups of structurally controlled Nubia Sandstone landforms. The older group is made up of a parallel series of longitudinal ridges trending NW SE and representing bended up folded , cross bedded to horizontally Nubia Sandstone layers separated by low lying down folded tracks formed as a result of the Upper Cretaceous Turonian folding movement which affected the Western Desert of Egypt and Eastern Desert of Libya. The younger group is extending NE SW and consisting of a parallel series of huge mountain ranges of Nubia Sandstone made up of new plateaus depressions and dome like structures troughs formed as a result of the Late Oligocene refolding movement and dissecting the older Nubia Sandstone ridges. The results are fundamentally significant to the establishment of new agricultural communities in the inhospitable place known as the Great Sand Sea along both sides of the Egyptian Libyan borders especially when considering the threat of fresh water scarcity in both countries. Khaled Abdel-Kader Ouda "The Pleistocene Delta of the Old Al Balatah River System, Northeastern Libya and its Eastern Extension in Egypt" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63511.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/geology/63511/the-pleistocene-delta-of-the-old-al-balatah-river-system-northeastern-libya-and-its-eastern-extension-in-egypt/khaled-abdelkader-ouda
UPDATED Ancient Civilization of the World.pptx
The document provides information about ancient Mesopotamia, the Indus River Valley civilization, and ancient China. It discusses the political, economic, geographic, and social aspects of each civilization. Mesopotamia arose between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and used a system of cuneiform writing. The Indus Valley civilization spanned modern day Pakistan and parts of India, and its cities had brick walls to protect against Indus River flooding. Ancient Chinese civilization began along the Yellow River and achievements included silk production, astronomy, and the invention of paper.
Egyptian Introduction (1).pptx
The document provides information about ancient Egypt, including its location along the Nile River valley, the development of Egyptian civilization by around 3000 BC, and key details about Upper and Lower Egypt. Important aspects of Egyptian culture discussed include religion and beliefs, math and scientific advancements, architecture, farming techniques, irrigation systems, calendars, and hieroglyphic writing. Key figures mentioned are priests, scribes, farmers, and different social classes.
03 powerpoint p1
- Evidence of a sophisticated civilization in ancient Egypt begins around 3500 BCE, as seen in early wall paintings depicting funerary practices and a ceremonial stone palette carved with scenes commemorating the unification of Egypt.
- The earliest Egyptian art dates to the Predynastic period between 5500-3100 BCE, prior to the establishment of dynasties. During this time, tribal hunter-gatherer communities transitioned to agrarian societies with permanent settlements, specialized crafts, and the beginnings of writing.
- Around 3150-3110 BCE, King Narmer is believed to have unified Upper and Lower Egypt, as depicted on artifacts like the Narmer Palette, which shows him wearing the crowns of both
How Did Rome Use Aqueducts
The document discusses how Rome used aqueducts to transport water. It explains that Rome's local water sources were unsuitable for drinking so they built aqueducts to bring water from farther distances. The first aqueduct, Aqua Appia, was built in 312 BC, and more were constructed as the city's demand for water grew. The aqueducts transported water from springs into Rome where it was used for drinking, baths, fountains and other purposes.
Urban and Rural Spaces Final
The document discusses how environmental factors influenced the development of ancient Egyptian civilization. Specifically, it analyzes how the flooding patterns and geography of the Nile river valley contributed to Egyptians developing centralized governance, urbanization, and constructing monumental pyramid structures during the Old Kingdom. While the Nile's floods enabled agriculture and unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, the irregular flooding also necessitated coordination between communities and establishment of bureaucracy to manage resources. Over time, this bureaucratic system expanded and perpetuated itself, though later architectural styles of pyramids and tombs had more to do with cultural traditions than the environment. A comparison is also drawn to the slower urbanization of Iron Age Europe, which lacked similar geographical pressures or incentives for large
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- 1. "Qanat Civilization" by: Majid Labbaf Khaneiki , Ali Asghar Semsar Yazdi International Center on Qanats and Historic Hydraulic Structures
- 3. Genesis of Qanat Henry Goblot‘ Theory
- 4. Spring-Qanat Theory In the wake of climate change, the precipitation reduced and accordingly many of the springs dried up or just trickled. In this situation the immediate reaction of the people might be to dig the same springs to track the water, and after a while they ended up building a long tunnel with some shaft wells through which they could better haul the .debris to the surface
- 5. Can We Deny Geographical Distribution of Qanat? Iwao Kobori )I. Kobori, 1964( believes that the qanat system, in all probability, developed in ancient Persia some 2500 years ago and then spread to Afghanistan and eventually along the Silk road as far east as China, as well as by Arabic cultures to the far west including Morocco .and Spain According to Goblot )H. Goblot, 1979(, qanats originated in the northwest of present Iran, dating back to 600-800 B.C. In 525 BC qanats were introduced to the southern coast of the Persian Gulf and then in 500 BC to Egypt, in 750 AD to Spain, in 850 AD to Southern Algeria, in 1520 AD to Mexico & Los Angeles, in 1540 AD to Pica in .)Chile and in 1780 AD to Turfan )NW China
- 6. A Historical Evidence on Qanat Diffusion According to Darius’s order, Silaks the naval commander of the Persian army and Khenombir the royal architect managed to construct a qanat in the oasis of Kharagha’ in Egypt.
- 7. Social Aspects of Qanat Water Division System in Qanat
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- 12. ,In contrast to Wittfogel’s theory Adams explains that in Mesopotamia large waterworks are developed long after the state
- 13. A Hole in Wittfogel‘s Theory The management of qanat in arid and semi arid lands is as accurate and intricate as that of the big rivers, but it has never led to what Wittfogel says .about the relationship between water and power
- 14. Qanat irrigation did not give rise to a tyrant taking control of water and accordingly agricultural production systems, … because
- 15. Qanat civilization enjoyed some characteristics which signify a civilization in sharp contrast to what Wittfogel portrays, A civilization which did not accommodate any despotism in order to draw on the resources of the other nations or individuals. Qanat civilization was the civilization of peace, cooperation and .friendly coexistence