Approaches to Leadership Questions 1 to 20: Select the best answer to each question. Note that a question and its answers may be split across a page break, so be sure that you have seen the entire question and all the answers before choosing an answer. 1. The personality trait that is most associated with leadership is A. agreeableness. B. extraversion. C. conscientiousness. D. openness. 2. The leadership approach that's used as a model by many training and development companies to teach managers how to improve their effectiveness best describes the _______ approach. A. style B. skills C. trait D. situational 3. Which model was developed to explain the capabilities that make effective leadership possible? A. Situational B. Trait C. Style D. Skills 4. Understanding the attitude that others have toward a particular problem or solution is known as A. behavioral flexibility. B. problem-solving skills. C. social intelligence. D. perspective taking. 5. When people look at leadership as a _______, they believe the leader motivates followers to accomplish more than what is expected of them. A. transformational process B. personality perspective C. skills perspective D. orientation process 6. Under "The Leadership Grid," the leadership style that's representative of a leader who's unconcerned with both tasks and interpersonal relationships is _______ management. A. authority-compliance B. team C. impoverished D. country-club 7. The primary function of management is to A. provide constructive change. B. identify future leaders. C. provide order and consistency. D. ensure profits. 8. The acquisition of leadership through other people in the organization who support the leader is known as _______ leadership. A. assigned B. positional C. emergent D. skill 9. Intellectual ability that's learned or acquired over time is known as A. social intelligence. B. general cognitive ability. C. crystallized cognitive ability. D. trait intelligence. 10. Which leadership approach advocates that leadership actions toward others occur on both a task level and a relationship level? A. Situational B. Skills C. Trait D. Style 11. The insight and awareness into how others in an organization function is known as A. social intelligence. B. social flexibility. C. social perceptiveness. D. perspective taking. 12. The leadership approach that has been studied for the longest time and in the most detail is the ________ approach. A. style B. situational C. skills D. trait 13. Which leadership style stresses that leaders must find out about their subordinates' needs and then adapt their style to those needs? A. Situational B. Skill C. Style D. Trait 14. Which of the following is not one of the three basic personal skills of administration? A. Educational B. Technical C. Conceptual D. Human 15. Certain individuals are said to have special innate characteristics that make them leaders according to the _______ approach of defining leadership. A. style B. genetic C. emerg.

1. Approaches to Leadership
Questions 1 to 20: Select the best answer to each question. Note
that a question and its answers may be split across a page break,
so be sure that you have seen the entire question and all the
answers before choosing an answer.
1. The personality trait that is most associated with leadership
is A. agreeableness. B. extraversion. C. conscientiousness. D.
openness.
2. The leadership approach that's used as a model by many
training and development companies to teach managers how to
improve their effectiveness best describes the _______
approach. A. style B. skills C. trait D. situational
3. Which model was developed to explain the capabilities that
make effective leadership possible? A. Situational B. Trait C.
Style D. Skills
4. Understanding the attitude that others have toward a
particular problem or solution is known as A. behavioral
flexibility. B. problem-solving skills. C. social intelligence. D.
perspective taking.
5. When people look at leadership as a _______, they believe
the leader motivates followers to accomplish more than what is
expected of them. A. transformational process B. personality
perspective C. skills perspective D. orientation process
6. Under "The Leadership Grid," the leadership style that's
representative of a leader who's unconcerned with both tasks
and interpersonal relationships is _______ management. A.
authority-compliance B. team C. impoverished D. country-club
7. The primary function of management is to A. provide
constructive change. B. identify future leaders. C. provide order
and consistency. D. ensure profits.
8. The acquisition of leadership through other people in the
organization who support the leader is known as _______
leadership. A. assigned B. positional C. emergent D. skill
9. Intellectual ability that's learned or acquired over time is

2. known as A. social intelligence. B. general cognitive ability. C.
crystallized cognitive ability. D. trait intelligence.
10. Which leadership approach advocates that leadership actions
toward others occur on both a task level and a relationship
level? A. Situational B. Skills C. Trait D. Style
11. The insight and awareness into how others in an
organization function is known as A. social intelligence. B.
social flexibility. C. social perceptiveness. D. perspective
taking.
12. The leadership approach that has been studied for the
longest time and in the most detail is the ________ approach. A.
style B. situational C. skills D. trait
13. Which leadership style stresses that leaders must find out
about their subordinates' needs and then adapt their style to
those needs? A. Situational B. Skill C. Style D. Trait
14. Which of the following is not one of the three basic personal
skills of administration? A. Educational B. Technical C.
Conceptual D. Human
15. Certain individuals are said to have special innate
characteristics that make them leaders according to the _______
approach of defining leadership. A. style B. genetic C. emergent
D. trait
16. The approach that would be used as a template for the
design of an extensive leadership development program is the
_______ approach. A. skills B. situational C. trait D. style
17. What does the style approach to leadership provide? A. A
refined leadership theory B. A list of leadership style elements
C. A framework for assessing leadership D. A detailed road map
to successful leadership
18. The viewpoint that conceptualizes leadership as a property
or set of properties possessed in varying degrees by different
people is known as the _______ view point. A. skills B. trait C.
style D. situational End of exam
19. The leadership approach that's used in consulting because
it's the easiest approach to conceptualize and apply is the
_______ approach. A. skills B. situational C. trait D. style

3. 20. Leadership is defined as a __________ whereby an
individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a
common goal. A. skill B. process C. genetic disposition D.
personality trait
Leadership Theories
1. The leadership theory that has been criticized for failing to
explain fully why people with certain leadership styles are more
effective in some situations than others is the _______ theory.
A. LMX B. trait C. path-goal D. contingency
2. The leadership style that's associated with a leader who
challenges subordinates to perform at their highest possible
level is _______ leadership. A. supportive B. goal C.
achievement-oriented D. reward
3. The leadership theory that's most concerned with styles and
situations is the _______ theory. A. contingency B. leader-
member exchange C. transformational D. path-goal
4. The way in which leaders motivate subordinates to
accomplish designated goals best describes the _______ theory.
A. LMX B. contingency C. trait D. path-goal
5. According to the contingency theory, the amount of authority
that a leader has to reward or to punish followers is known as
_______ power. A. necessary B. task C. position D.
management
6. An example of the leader-match theory of leadership is the
_______ theory. A. leader-member exchange B. contingency C.
path-goal D. trait
7. The leadership theory that directed the attention of
researchers to the differences that might exist between leaders
and each of their followers best describes the _______ theory.
A. contingency B. path-goal C. authentic D. leader-member

4. exchange
8. The leadership style that characterizes a leader who gives
subordinates instructions about their task is known as _______
leadership. A. relational B. directive C. goal D. path
9. The leadership styles that are described as task motivated and
relationship motivated apply to the _______ theory. A. trait B.
leader-member exchange C. contingency D. path-goal
10. High-quality leader-member exchanges take place during the
_______ phase. A. stranger B. acquaintance C. supervisory D.
mature partnership
11. The leadership style that attempts to integrate the
motivation principles of the expectancy theory into a theory of
leadership is the _______ theory. A. contingency B. path-goal
C. situational D. LMX
12. The leadership theory that best explains why a supervisor is
ineffective in a particular position despite being conscientious,
loyal, and hardworking is the _______ theory. A. leader-
member exchange B. contingency C. path-goal D.
transformational
13. The leadership approach that suggests that leaders must
choose a leadership style that fits the needs of their
subordinates is the A. contingency theory. B. trait approach. C.
style approach. D. path-goal theory.
14. The personality-like measure known as the "Least Preferred
Coworker" scale is used to measure leadership style in the A.
path-goal theory. B. style approach. C. trait approach. D.
contingency theory.
15. The nature of the vertical linkages that leaders form with

5. their followers is known as the vertical A. exchange. B. link. C.
dyad. D. acceptance.
16. The leadership theory that's difficult to use in a given
organizational setting due to the quantity of interrelated
assumptions is the ______theory. A. transformational B.
contingency C. path-goal D. leader-member exchange
17. The leadership theory that's predictive and provides useful
information about the type of leadership that's most likely to be
effective in certain situations is the _______ theory. A. LMX B.
contingency C. trait D. path-goal
18. The leadership theory that both describes and prescribes
leadership is the _______ theory. A. contingency B. trait C.
path-goal End of exam D. LMX
19. Inviting subordinates to share in the decision-making
process is an example of _______ leadership. A. directive B.
cooperative C. participative D. path
20. The theory with the central concept of the dyadic
relationship that leaders form with each of their subordinates is
the _______ theory. A. path-goal B. transformational C.
contingency D. leader-member exchange
Advanced Leadership Principles
1. Which of the following characteristics is not a factor that
influences authentic leadership? A. Timeliness B. Optimism C.
Confidence D. Hope
2. Bill and Therese are discussing leadership styles. Bill says
that servant leadership is where the leaders are attentive to their
followers and put them first. Therese says servant leadership is
where the leaders motivate the followers to their full potential.
Who is correct? A. Only Bill is correct. B. Only Therese is
correct. C. Neither is correct. D. Both are correct.

6. 3. Greater attention is given to the charismatic and affective
elements of leadership under _______ leadership. A. team B.
transformational C. transactional D. psychodynamic
4. The leadership of a supervisor who gives an employee a poor
performance evaluation without ever talking with the employee
about his or her prior work performance is an example of A.
laissez-faire management. B. passive management by exception.
C. avoidance management. D. management by omission.
5. If team members do not seem able to communicate
effectively, the team leader should use _______ techniques. A.
coaching B. counseling C. extraction D. intervention
6. Which of the following items is not an ego state under the
concept of transactional analysis? A. Child B. Adolescent C.
Adult D. Parent
7. Much of the early research on team leadership was based
upon A. government employees nearing retirement. B.
assumptions related to authentic leadership. C. students who
were failing in school. D. collaborative efforts at work and the
impact of the human relations movement.
8. The model of leadership that consists of five fundamental
practices that enable leaders to get extraordinary things
accomplished was designed by A. Bass and Avolio. B. Kuhnert
and Lewis. C. Bennis and Nanus. D. Koozes and Posner.
9. Which of the following is not one of Freud's three personality
types? A. Narcissistic B. Emotional C. Erotic D. Obsessive
10. Which type of leadership develops over time and is often
triggered by major life events? A. Psychodynamic B. Team C.
Transformational D. Authentic
11. Which of the following statements illustrates the greatest
strength of the psychodynamic approach to leadership? A. It's
unlimited in application. B. It focuses on the adult ego state. C.
It lends itself to conventional training. D. It results in an
analysis of the relationship between leaders and followers.
12. A pattern of leadership behavior that develops from and is
grounded in the leader's positive psychological qualities and
strong ethics best describes _______ leadership. A. style B.

7. authentic C. transformational D. team
13. Which of the following conclusions about the study
conducted by Kroeger and Theusen is true? A. Introverts
outnumber extraverts. B. Three extraverts exist for every
introvert. C. Introverts are more effective leaders than
extraverts. D. Extraverts are more persuasive than introverts.
14. The form of leadership that focuses on the leader's own
interests rather than on the interests of others is known as
_______ leadership. A. charismatic B. transformational C.
transactional D. pseudotransformational
15. Which of the following items is not an example of internal
leadership actions? A. Advocating B. Facilitating decisions C.
Training D. Goal focusing
16. A clear vision for the future is provided by _______ leaders.
A. situational B. team C. transformational D. charismatic
17. Which of the following statements best describes the
psychodynamic approach to leadership? A. It ignores the roots
of the individual in the family. B. No single theory for it exists.
C. It's very similar to the trait theory. D. It matches the
personality type of the leader with the subordinates.
18. Leaders who have very high standards of moral and ethical
conduct are able to achieve _______ influence. A. intellectual
B. idealized C. individualized D. inspirational
19. Early team leadership studies involved which of the
following? End of exam A. External leadership actions B.
Laboratory studies C. Government workers D. Embedded group
analysis
20. Which of the following statements is a common criticism of
authentic leadership? A. Its guidelines are too broad. B. It's
difficult to measure. C. It's too simple in theory. D. Its moral
component isn't fully explained.
Leadership Issues
1. Which of the following statements about the glass ceiling
metaphor is true? A. It doesn't consider enough variables. B. It

8. conveys the impression of a journey riddled with challenges. C.
It doesn't relate well to modern times. D. It implies that
everyone has equal access to lower positions.
2. According to the findings of the GLOBE project, which of
the following traits is an obstacle to effective leadership? A.
Being rude B. Being aggressive C. Being asocial D. Being
disloyal
3. The leadership trait that suggests actions are moral if their
primary purpose is to promote the best interests of others is
known as A. duty. B. altruism. C. ethical egoism. D.
utilitarianism.
4. Which of the following characteristics is not a typical
stereotype about women? A. Concern for others B. Sensitivity
C. Confidence D. Helpfulness
5. The barrier preventing women from ascending into elite
leadership positions is commonly referred to as the glass A.
cliff. B. floor. C. ceiling. D. wall.
6. The increased interdependence between nations is known as
A. ethnocentrism. B. multinational cooperation. C.
globalization. D. cross-cultural awareness.
7. The learned beliefs, values, rules, norms, symbols, and
traditions that are common to a group of people best describe A.
society. B. culture. C. ethics. D. values.
8. Countries that scored high on GLOBE's dimensions of
culture-like assertiveness, in-group collectivism, and gender
egalitarianism, and low on performance orientation are from A.
Confucian Asia. B. the Middle East. C. Eastern Europe. D.
Germanic Europe.

9. 9. The tendency of individuals to place their own group at the
center of their observations of others and the world is known as
A. ethnocentrism. B. globalization. C. cross-cultural awareness.
D. prejudice.
10. Which of the following statements is a common criticism of
the ethical leadership model? A. It's confusing. B. It lacks
practical application. C. It lacks a strong body of traditional
research. D. It's difficult to define.
11. The more ethnocentric a person is, the _______ that person
is to other people's cultural traditions. A. more tolerant B. less
tolerant C. less aware D. more aware
12. The origins of the five principles of ethical leadership are
traced to A. Greenleaf. B. Burns. C. Heifetz. D. Aristotle.
13. Ethical theories can be thought of as falling within two
broad domains: theories about a leader's _______ and _______.
A. incentive; approach B. motivation; results C. conduct;
character D. education; skills
14. The Southern Asia leadership profile believes _______
leaders are most effective. A. self-protective B. democratic C.
autonomous D. autocratic
15. Anglo countries, under GLOBE research, do not desire
leaders who are A. considerate. B. autocratic. C. visionary. D.
motivating.
16. The Latin Europe leadership profile does not favor leaders
who are A. compassionate. B. collaborative. C. inspiring. D.
participative.
17. Women are generally more likely than men to use _______
leadership. A. supervisory B. transformational C. situational D.

10. military
18. The method of analysis used by GLOBE researchers was the
_______ approach. A. compartmentalized B. data collection C.
quantitative D. qualitative
19. The overall purpose of the GLOBE project is to determine
how people from different cultures A. viewed leadership. B.
viewed gender performance. End of exam C. enacted leadership.
D. assumed leadership.
20. The Sub-Saharan African leadership profile does not favor
leaders who are A. team-oriented. B. charismatic. C. value-
based. D. individualistic.
Chapter 9
1) Select either the opening Ethical Dilemma or the closing
Resolving Ethical Business Challenges story from the chapter
for this week.
List the ethical issues in this case. In formulating your answer,
consider the
list of ethical issues in business described in Chapter 3 (starting
on page 63). Which are (integrity, honesty, fairness, misuse of
company time and resources, abusive or intimidating behavior,
lying, conflict of interest, bribery, corporate intelligence,
discrimination, sexual harassment, fraud, consumer fraud,
financial misconduct, insider trading..

11. If you were in this situation, what would you do? How would
you do it?
2) Explain the benefits and risks of ethics auditing.
3) If you were to ask employees just one question during an
ethics audit, what would it be? Do you think they would answer
without hesitation?