Applying the sociological perspective
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This document provides an overview of sociology and its perspectives. It discusses how the sociological perspective helps assess common sense, see opportunities and constraints, empower participation in society, and live in a diverse world. It also explains that sociology provides an advantage in the working world. The document then summarizes sociological theories, including the structural-functional approach which sees society working together for stability, the social-conflict approach which sees inequality generating change, and feminism which focuses on gender inequality and conflict.
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1. Functionalism views society as a system of interconnected parts that work together to ensure stability. It was founded by theorists like Comte, Spencer, and Durkheim.
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3. Interactionism examines how people interact and the symbolic meaning of behaviors. Key figures were Mead, Goffman, and Weber.
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Theoretical perspectives in sociology
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- The functionalist perspective developed by Emile Durkheim focuses on how society functions as an interrelated system to maintain stability.
- The conflict perspective developed by Karl Marx focuses on how competition for scarce resources leads to social change and conflict.
- Max Weber's interactionist perspective focuses on how individuals interact through symbols and attach subjective meanings to actions.
It also provides brief biographies of Durkheim, Marx, and Weber, outlining their major concepts and contributions to sociology.
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1) Functionalism views schools as fulfilling important social functions like socializing students and preparing them for their future work roles.
2) Conflict theory critiques functionalism for ignoring power struggles and inequalities in society. Schools are seen as reproducing the interests of powerful elites.
3) Cultural reproduction theory also argues that schools reproduce social inequalities by sorting students into class and gender roles through mechanisms like tracking and testing.
Sociological perspectives examples
The conflict paradigm views racism, sexism, inequality as stemming from power structures that maintain the dominance of one group over others. It sees the Iraq war as extending US political and economic control over the non-Western world. The functionalist paradigm views the Iraq war as maintaining security by keeping terrorism abroad. Symbolic interactionism sees the war as sending a message to deter terrorism by supporting the image of non-Western peoples as threats.
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1. Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social behavior, focusing on how social relationships influence people and how societies are established and change.
2. Early founders of sociology like Marx, Durkheim, and Weber developed sociological perspectives to understand social phenomena, and sociology continues to use theoretical frameworks like functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism.
3. Sociology has both an academic focus on developing theories and knowledge, as well as an applied focus through clinical sociology which aims to use sociological insights to address social problems.
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My interest in sociology began in high school when I took an introductory course that explored how social forces shape human behavior and society. I was fascinated to learn how concepts like socialization, social structure, and social inequality help explain phenomena I had previously taken for granted. This sparked my curiosity to learn more about how sociological perspectives can provide insights into both micro-level interactions and macro-level institutions and trends.
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- 1. Applying the Sociological Perspective Is the systematic study of human society. We apply the sociological perspective at work, on an individual level, and for anyone.
- 2. 1. The sociological perspective helps us assess the truth of “common sense .“ 2. The sociological perspective helps us see the opportunities and constraints in our lives. Sociology and Personal Growth
- 3. 3. The sociological perspective empowers us to be active participants in our society. 4. The sociological perspective helps us live in a diverse world.
- 4. Careers: The “Sociology Advantage " A background in sociology is excellent preparation for the working world. Sociology is not just for people who want to be sociologists.
- 5. Sociological Theory The job of sociological theory is to explain social behavior in the real world. In building theory, sociologists face two fundamental questions: What issues should we study? How should we connect the facts?
- 6. The Structural-Functional Approach Is a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. The structural-functional approach owes much to August Comte, who pointed out the need to keep society unified when many traditions were breaking down.
- 7. The Social-Conflict Approach Is a framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change. Sociologists using the social-conflict approach look at on going conflict between dominant and disadvantages categories of people.
- 8. Feminism and the Gender-Conflict Is a point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between women and men. A contribution of the gender-conflict approach is making us aware of the importance of women.