Probing the atmosphere - new radar & lidar technologies for remote sensing of...CLIC Innovation Ltd
MMEA (The Measurement, Monitoring and Environmental Efficiency Assessment) research program final seminar presentation by Dr. Ari-Matti Harri, Finnish Meteorological Institute
CabaLab is a USB device and software that replaces traditional scope and function generator equipment used in technical colleges and high schools. It offers the same classic features of a scope and FFT spectrum analyzer at a lower price point. The software also enables new education-oriented features like studying the frequency response of electrical devices and decoding infrared signals from remote controlled cars. It has been adopted by several schools and received an innovation award.
EPOSA provides real-time and post-processing GNSS services in Austria using a network of 39 reference stations. It is a cooperation between Energie Burgenland, ÖBB-Infrastruktur AG, and Wiener Netze GmbH. EPOSA services include real-time kinematic and RTCM corrections delivered via NTRIP, as well as post-processing of user-collected RINEX data and coordinate transformations between reference frames. The network ensures coverage across Austria with corrections transmitted within 1-1.5 seconds to users for precision positioning applications like surveying.
Mr. giacomo martirano (epsilon italia srl) “arc fuel and inspire”anest_trip
The document summarizes work from the ArcFUEL project to map forest fire fuel in Mediterranean countries. It describes how fuel type classification maps produced by the ArcFUEL methodology were transformed into INSPIRE-compliant geospatial data and metadata. It also discusses field validation of the ArcFUEL fuel maps that was conducted in Calabria, Italy, which demonstrated the good accuracy of the ArcFUEL methodology.
Kilo D6 / Kilo 96: Power Quality Energy Analyzer & (Wi-Fi) Web Data ManagerSkender Musaj
This document describes the Electrex Kilo D6/Kilo 96 Power Quality Energy Analyzer and Web Data Manager. It has high accuracy for energy monitoring and meets standards like ISO 50001. It provides continuous monitoring of electrical parameters, power quality analysis, environmental sensors, and automation capabilities. It has built-in web server functionality for remote access and data logging. Additional modules can be added for digital, analog and sensor inputs/outputs.
The document discusses the goals and activities of the NLANR/MNA Measurement and Network Analysis group. The group aims to characterize high performance computing networks through two main projects: the Active Measurement Project (AMP) and the Passive Measurement and Analysis Project (PMA). AMP conducts round-trip time, packet loss, topology and throughput measurements between over 125 monitors. PMA passively captures network traffic to study workload profiles up to OC48 speeds. The group also collaborates internationally by placing monitors in other countries and working with research networks around the world.
RapidAIR- a new urban dispersion modelling platform for air quality analysis ...Scott Hamilton
This document summarizes a presentation about RapidAIR, a new urban air quality dispersion modelling platform developed by Ricardo. RapidAIR uses an open-source python-based model that automates the workflow for modelling road traffic emissions. It can model emissions at a high resolution over large domains with computation times measured in seconds rather than hours. The model was evaluated against AERMOD and shown to produce highly similar results. Examples of RapidAIR applications to London and Beijing are presented to demonstrate its capabilities for policy analysis. Remote sensing data is also discussed and how it can be linked to dispersion models like RapidAIR.
Probing the atmosphere - new radar & lidar technologies for remote sensing of...CLIC Innovation Ltd
MMEA (The Measurement, Monitoring and Environmental Efficiency Assessment) research program final seminar presentation by Dr. Ari-Matti Harri, Finnish Meteorological Institute
CabaLab is a USB device and software that replaces traditional scope and function generator equipment used in technical colleges and high schools. It offers the same classic features of a scope and FFT spectrum analyzer at a lower price point. The software also enables new education-oriented features like studying the frequency response of electrical devices and decoding infrared signals from remote controlled cars. It has been adopted by several schools and received an innovation award.
EPOSA provides real-time and post-processing GNSS services in Austria using a network of 39 reference stations. It is a cooperation between Energie Burgenland, ÖBB-Infrastruktur AG, and Wiener Netze GmbH. EPOSA services include real-time kinematic and RTCM corrections delivered via NTRIP, as well as post-processing of user-collected RINEX data and coordinate transformations between reference frames. The network ensures coverage across Austria with corrections transmitted within 1-1.5 seconds to users for precision positioning applications like surveying.
Mr. giacomo martirano (epsilon italia srl) “arc fuel and inspire”anest_trip
The document summarizes work from the ArcFUEL project to map forest fire fuel in Mediterranean countries. It describes how fuel type classification maps produced by the ArcFUEL methodology were transformed into INSPIRE-compliant geospatial data and metadata. It also discusses field validation of the ArcFUEL fuel maps that was conducted in Calabria, Italy, which demonstrated the good accuracy of the ArcFUEL methodology.
Kilo D6 / Kilo 96: Power Quality Energy Analyzer & (Wi-Fi) Web Data ManagerSkender Musaj
This document describes the Electrex Kilo D6/Kilo 96 Power Quality Energy Analyzer and Web Data Manager. It has high accuracy for energy monitoring and meets standards like ISO 50001. It provides continuous monitoring of electrical parameters, power quality analysis, environmental sensors, and automation capabilities. It has built-in web server functionality for remote access and data logging. Additional modules can be added for digital, analog and sensor inputs/outputs.
The document discusses the goals and activities of the NLANR/MNA Measurement and Network Analysis group. The group aims to characterize high performance computing networks through two main projects: the Active Measurement Project (AMP) and the Passive Measurement and Analysis Project (PMA). AMP conducts round-trip time, packet loss, topology and throughput measurements between over 125 monitors. PMA passively captures network traffic to study workload profiles up to OC48 speeds. The group also collaborates internationally by placing monitors in other countries and working with research networks around the world.
RapidAIR- a new urban dispersion modelling platform for air quality analysis ...Scott Hamilton
This document summarizes a presentation about RapidAIR, a new urban air quality dispersion modelling platform developed by Ricardo. RapidAIR uses an open-source python-based model that automates the workflow for modelling road traffic emissions. It can model emissions at a high resolution over large domains with computation times measured in seconds rather than hours. The model was evaluated against AERMOD and shown to produce highly similar results. Examples of RapidAIR applications to London and Beijing are presented to demonstrate its capabilities for policy analysis. Remote sensing data is also discussed and how it can be linked to dispersion models like RapidAIR.
This document summarizes a project to develop smart eco-districts in Washington DC using Internet of Things sensors. The project would scale an existing smart city project on Pennsylvania Avenue to connect four eco-districts with an open data system. In phase one, the plan is to add environmental sensor arrays to the Pennsylvania Avenue project and develop a sensor array prototype. In phase two, the goal is to complete pilot smart eco-district projects in each district, deploy an open data hub, and establish a sensor developer program for students.
OPAL-RT RT14 Conference: Power System Monitoring and Operator TrainingOPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
The document summarizes a presentation given at the 7th International Conference on Real-Time Simulation Technologies in Montreal from June 9-12, 2014. The presentation was given by Frank Carrera and Vahid Jalili-Marandi from Electric Power Group and discussed their synchrophasor solutions called ePHASORsim and RTDMS. ePHASORsim is a real-time transient stability simulator and RTDMS is a synchrophasor-based software system for real-time monitoring, visualization, and analysis of power systems. The presentation demonstrated how ePHASORsim can be used to simulate phasor data which is then sent to RTDMS for real-time visualization and analysis during operator training
Co-simulation interfaces for connecting distributed real-time simulatorsSteffen Vogel
The document discusses co-simulation interfaces for connecting distributed real-time simulators. It describes an ongoing project using an OPAL-RT and RTDS co-simulation interface with an FPGA board to connect the two simulators digitally in real-time. It also discusses using the VILLAS framework to enable geographically distributed real-time simulation across multiple labs separated by large distances. The framework uses VPN technology to securely connect simulators like OPAL-RT and RTDS at different university research centers for collaborative simulation.
Comparison of Wind Tunnel and CFD Modelling for Nearfield Dispersion from an ...IES / IAQM
This document summarizes a study comparing wind tunnel and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling for near-field dispersion from an exhaust stack. The study found that while CFD and wind tunnel results agreed for downwind receptors, CFD showed lower dilution and was inconsistent for receptors not directly downstream. Key takeaways are that complex flows challenge steady-state CFD, guidelines for exhaust assessments using CFD are needed as the field matures, and future work should consider multiple wind directions.
1. The document describes the hardware implementation of a QPSK modulator for satellite communication.
2. It discusses the design and simulation of the QPSK modulator in Matlab, and the implementation of the modulator on a Virtex-4 FPGA using VHDL.
3. The results show that the QPSK modulator was successfully implemented on the FPGA board and matched the simulated waveform and spectrum.
Novel Laser Anlyzers for Natural Gas Leaks DetectionNunzio Bonavita
This document discusses an innovative laser-based solution for natural gas leak detection. It introduces the MobileGuard system, a vehicle-mounted methane and ethane analyzer that uses tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) for mobile monitoring of gas distribution pipelines. The system can detect leaks from 150 meters away and map their locations. It is also introduced the μPortable analyzer for on-foot investigations of leak locations identified by MobileGuard. Both tools use off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) which provides highly sensitive, selective, and calibration-free measurements. The system represents a significant improvement over traditional walk-based surveying and can survey areas more quickly and efficiently.
Intelligent analysers for control and optimization of wastewater treatment pl...CLIC Innovation Ltd
MMEA (The Measurement, Monitoring and Environmental Efficiency Assessment) research program final seminar presentation by Dr. Esko Juuso, University of Oulu
Improvement in Computational Complexity of the MIMO ML Decoder in High Mobili...IRJET Journal
The document proposes using a non-stationary channel model and algorithms like QR decomposition with sorting and Dijkstra's algorithm to reduce the computational complexity of maximum likelihood decoding for MIMO systems in high mobility wireless communications. It discusses how these techniques can decompose the received signal matrix, sort it to determine an efficient detection order, and find the shortest path to minimize complexity. The results demonstrate that these methods can successfully identify the shortest path between source and destination nodes for high mobility signals.
Measuring Change with Radar Imagery_Richard Goodman - Intergraph Geospatial W...IMGS
The document discusses the importance of measuring change using RADAR imagery. It provides examples of how RADAR has been used to monitor natural disasters like tornadoes, earthquakes, floods, and oil spills. RADAR data is well-suited for change measurement because it can see through clouds and darkness and man-made structures provide strong reflections. Interferometric processing of RADAR data pairs enables coherence change detection and displacement mapping with centimeter accuracy, allowing monitoring of subsidence from activities like resource extraction. The document also describes how ERDAS Imagine software and its radar tools were used by Kongsberg Satellite Services to develop an oil spill and vessel detection system from satellite imagery within 30 minutes of acquisition.
MAC unit is used for high performance digital signal processing systems. The DSP applications include filtering, convolution, and inner products.
The design consists of 64 bit modified Wallace multiplier.
128 bit carry save adder and a register/ accumulator.
The output of carry save adder is 129 bit i.e. one bit is for the carry (128bits+ 1 bit). Then, the output is given to the accumulator register.
The accumulator register used in this design is Parallel In Parallel Out (PIPO).
The output of the accumulator register is taken out or fed back as one of the input to the carry save adder.
APPLICATIONS:
1) digital signal processing (DSP) applications
a. Signal filtering
b. convolution.
c. Decreasing number of inner products.
2) Optical communications.
The document describes the design of a mobile satellite communication station. The station will allow a university's satellite lab to communicate with satellites from different locations as they move, increasing contact time. It will include a motorized 2.4m S-band antenna, software defined radio, and auto-calibration system to account for the vehicle's movement. The goal is to design a highly mobile station that can operate satellites, record passes, and accommodate multiple satellites simultaneously.
The document discusses future developments in hydrographic software by QPS. It summarizes that QPS will focus on managing increasing data volumes from new sensor technologies through real-time processing and cloud computing. New visualization and user experience techniques will be needed to analyze larger and more complex 4D datasets. QPS will integrate new sensors like sub-bottom profilers and ADCPs into its software suite and optimize workflows. Short term developments at QPS include changes to its product suite and a new feedback voting system.
Data Physics SignalCalc Dynamic Signal Analyzermalifarr
Data Physics Corporation provides dynamic signal analyzers, vibration control systems, and shakers/amplifiers for noise and vibration applications. Their product portfolio includes the SignalCalc line of dynamic signal analyzers with 2 to 1000 input channels, the SignalStar line of vibration control systems, and the SignalForce line of shakers and amplifiers. The SignalCalc analyzers range from portable options like the 4-channel SignalCalc Ace to modular rack-mounted options like the Savant with over 40 channels.
Emoji-Podz is a toy that aims to enhance social communication skills in children, particularly those on the autism spectrum, through emotion recognition and speech encouragement. It features 6 character pods that play animated stories when the corresponding emotional character is inserted correctly. It uses Ekman's 6 basic emotions and has an LCD screen, characters, and built-in mic to ask questions. The goal is to help children identify emotions, understand language, and develop conversational skills in an engaging way.
This document defines and provides examples of absolute value, including:
- Absolute value strips away the minus sign if a number is negative and leaves it unchanged if nonnegative.
- The absolute value of a product is the product of the absolute values.
- Absolute value has a geometric interpretation as distance on a number line.
- Important inequalities involving absolute value, like |x-a|<k, have solution sets that consist of values within k units of a.
- The triangle inequality states the absolute value of a sum is less than or equal to the sum of the absolute values.
Ch4(saving state with cookies and query strings)Chhom Karath
The document discusses two methods for saving state across web pages: cookies and session functions. Cookies allow servers to store small amounts of data on a user's computer to remember information across visits. Session functions store data on the server-side in temporary files associated with a session ID. This allows storing larger amounts of data and sharing data across multiple pages during a user's session. The document provides examples of setting, accessing, and destroying both cookies and session data.
This document describes rectangular coordinate systems and how to plot points and graphs in them. It contains the following key points:
- A rectangular coordinate system uses two perpendicular axes (typically x and y) that intersect at the origin to locate points in a plane.
- The coordinates of a point P are ordered pairs (x,y) where x is the point's distance from the y-axis and y is its distance from the x-axis.
- An equation in x and y defines a graph - the set of all points whose coordinates satisfy the equation. Graphs can be approximated by plotting sample points but this has limitations.
- Intercepts are points where a graph crosses an axis,
The document provides an overview of how to connect to and use the Internet. It discusses the history and development of the Internet from its origins in ARPANET in the 1960s to the creation of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s. Key events included the development of packet switching, TCP/IP, email, web browsers, and commercialization of the Internet. The document describes how individuals and businesses connect to the Internet using options like dial-up, DSL, cable, or wireless. Common activities on the Internet are discussed like browsing websites, emailing, downloading files, and e-commerce.
This document provides an overview of solving polynomial equations. It defines polynomials and their key properties like degree, coefficients, and roots. It introduces several theorems for finding roots, including the Remainder Theorem, Factor Theorem, and the idea that a polynomial of degree n has n roots when counting multiplicities. Methods discussed include factoring, long division, and the quadratic formula. The document explains it is not possible to express solutions of polynomials of degree 5 or higher using radicals.
This chapter discusses synchronous communication technologies including Internet Relay Chat (IRC), instant messaging, video conferencing, and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). IRC allows real-time text conversations in channels, while instant messaging focuses on one-on-one chats. Video conferencing lets people see and hear each other over the Internet using webcams and microphones. VoIP converts voice calls to digital signals to make phone calls over the Internet using software like Skype.
To get a professional email account for their course, students are instructed to set up a Gmail account. The document guides the reader through loading their internet browser to begin the process of creating a Gmail account. Upon completion, students are directed to return to their Moodle course for the next assignment.
This document summarizes a project to develop smart eco-districts in Washington DC using Internet of Things sensors. The project would scale an existing smart city project on Pennsylvania Avenue to connect four eco-districts with an open data system. In phase one, the plan is to add environmental sensor arrays to the Pennsylvania Avenue project and develop a sensor array prototype. In phase two, the goal is to complete pilot smart eco-district projects in each district, deploy an open data hub, and establish a sensor developer program for students.
OPAL-RT RT14 Conference: Power System Monitoring and Operator TrainingOPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
The document summarizes a presentation given at the 7th International Conference on Real-Time Simulation Technologies in Montreal from June 9-12, 2014. The presentation was given by Frank Carrera and Vahid Jalili-Marandi from Electric Power Group and discussed their synchrophasor solutions called ePHASORsim and RTDMS. ePHASORsim is a real-time transient stability simulator and RTDMS is a synchrophasor-based software system for real-time monitoring, visualization, and analysis of power systems. The presentation demonstrated how ePHASORsim can be used to simulate phasor data which is then sent to RTDMS for real-time visualization and analysis during operator training
Co-simulation interfaces for connecting distributed real-time simulatorsSteffen Vogel
The document discusses co-simulation interfaces for connecting distributed real-time simulators. It describes an ongoing project using an OPAL-RT and RTDS co-simulation interface with an FPGA board to connect the two simulators digitally in real-time. It also discusses using the VILLAS framework to enable geographically distributed real-time simulation across multiple labs separated by large distances. The framework uses VPN technology to securely connect simulators like OPAL-RT and RTDS at different university research centers for collaborative simulation.
Comparison of Wind Tunnel and CFD Modelling for Nearfield Dispersion from an ...IES / IAQM
This document summarizes a study comparing wind tunnel and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling for near-field dispersion from an exhaust stack. The study found that while CFD and wind tunnel results agreed for downwind receptors, CFD showed lower dilution and was inconsistent for receptors not directly downstream. Key takeaways are that complex flows challenge steady-state CFD, guidelines for exhaust assessments using CFD are needed as the field matures, and future work should consider multiple wind directions.
1. The document describes the hardware implementation of a QPSK modulator for satellite communication.
2. It discusses the design and simulation of the QPSK modulator in Matlab, and the implementation of the modulator on a Virtex-4 FPGA using VHDL.
3. The results show that the QPSK modulator was successfully implemented on the FPGA board and matched the simulated waveform and spectrum.
Novel Laser Anlyzers for Natural Gas Leaks DetectionNunzio Bonavita
This document discusses an innovative laser-based solution for natural gas leak detection. It introduces the MobileGuard system, a vehicle-mounted methane and ethane analyzer that uses tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) for mobile monitoring of gas distribution pipelines. The system can detect leaks from 150 meters away and map their locations. It is also introduced the μPortable analyzer for on-foot investigations of leak locations identified by MobileGuard. Both tools use off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) which provides highly sensitive, selective, and calibration-free measurements. The system represents a significant improvement over traditional walk-based surveying and can survey areas more quickly and efficiently.
Intelligent analysers for control and optimization of wastewater treatment pl...CLIC Innovation Ltd
MMEA (The Measurement, Monitoring and Environmental Efficiency Assessment) research program final seminar presentation by Dr. Esko Juuso, University of Oulu
Improvement in Computational Complexity of the MIMO ML Decoder in High Mobili...IRJET Journal
The document proposes using a non-stationary channel model and algorithms like QR decomposition with sorting and Dijkstra's algorithm to reduce the computational complexity of maximum likelihood decoding for MIMO systems in high mobility wireless communications. It discusses how these techniques can decompose the received signal matrix, sort it to determine an efficient detection order, and find the shortest path to minimize complexity. The results demonstrate that these methods can successfully identify the shortest path between source and destination nodes for high mobility signals.
Measuring Change with Radar Imagery_Richard Goodman - Intergraph Geospatial W...IMGS
The document discusses the importance of measuring change using RADAR imagery. It provides examples of how RADAR has been used to monitor natural disasters like tornadoes, earthquakes, floods, and oil spills. RADAR data is well-suited for change measurement because it can see through clouds and darkness and man-made structures provide strong reflections. Interferometric processing of RADAR data pairs enables coherence change detection and displacement mapping with centimeter accuracy, allowing monitoring of subsidence from activities like resource extraction. The document also describes how ERDAS Imagine software and its radar tools were used by Kongsberg Satellite Services to develop an oil spill and vessel detection system from satellite imagery within 30 minutes of acquisition.
MAC unit is used for high performance digital signal processing systems. The DSP applications include filtering, convolution, and inner products.
The design consists of 64 bit modified Wallace multiplier.
128 bit carry save adder and a register/ accumulator.
The output of carry save adder is 129 bit i.e. one bit is for the carry (128bits+ 1 bit). Then, the output is given to the accumulator register.
The accumulator register used in this design is Parallel In Parallel Out (PIPO).
The output of the accumulator register is taken out or fed back as one of the input to the carry save adder.
APPLICATIONS:
1) digital signal processing (DSP) applications
a. Signal filtering
b. convolution.
c. Decreasing number of inner products.
2) Optical communications.
The document describes the design of a mobile satellite communication station. The station will allow a university's satellite lab to communicate with satellites from different locations as they move, increasing contact time. It will include a motorized 2.4m S-band antenna, software defined radio, and auto-calibration system to account for the vehicle's movement. The goal is to design a highly mobile station that can operate satellites, record passes, and accommodate multiple satellites simultaneously.
The document discusses future developments in hydrographic software by QPS. It summarizes that QPS will focus on managing increasing data volumes from new sensor technologies through real-time processing and cloud computing. New visualization and user experience techniques will be needed to analyze larger and more complex 4D datasets. QPS will integrate new sensors like sub-bottom profilers and ADCPs into its software suite and optimize workflows. Short term developments at QPS include changes to its product suite and a new feedback voting system.
Data Physics SignalCalc Dynamic Signal Analyzermalifarr
Data Physics Corporation provides dynamic signal analyzers, vibration control systems, and shakers/amplifiers for noise and vibration applications. Their product portfolio includes the SignalCalc line of dynamic signal analyzers with 2 to 1000 input channels, the SignalStar line of vibration control systems, and the SignalForce line of shakers and amplifiers. The SignalCalc analyzers range from portable options like the 4-channel SignalCalc Ace to modular rack-mounted options like the Savant with over 40 channels.
Emoji-Podz is a toy that aims to enhance social communication skills in children, particularly those on the autism spectrum, through emotion recognition and speech encouragement. It features 6 character pods that play animated stories when the corresponding emotional character is inserted correctly. It uses Ekman's 6 basic emotions and has an LCD screen, characters, and built-in mic to ask questions. The goal is to help children identify emotions, understand language, and develop conversational skills in an engaging way.
This document defines and provides examples of absolute value, including:
- Absolute value strips away the minus sign if a number is negative and leaves it unchanged if nonnegative.
- The absolute value of a product is the product of the absolute values.
- Absolute value has a geometric interpretation as distance on a number line.
- Important inequalities involving absolute value, like |x-a|<k, have solution sets that consist of values within k units of a.
- The triangle inequality states the absolute value of a sum is less than or equal to the sum of the absolute values.
Ch4(saving state with cookies and query strings)Chhom Karath
The document discusses two methods for saving state across web pages: cookies and session functions. Cookies allow servers to store small amounts of data on a user's computer to remember information across visits. Session functions store data on the server-side in temporary files associated with a session ID. This allows storing larger amounts of data and sharing data across multiple pages during a user's session. The document provides examples of setting, accessing, and destroying both cookies and session data.
This document describes rectangular coordinate systems and how to plot points and graphs in them. It contains the following key points:
- A rectangular coordinate system uses two perpendicular axes (typically x and y) that intersect at the origin to locate points in a plane.
- The coordinates of a point P are ordered pairs (x,y) where x is the point's distance from the y-axis and y is its distance from the x-axis.
- An equation in x and y defines a graph - the set of all points whose coordinates satisfy the equation. Graphs can be approximated by plotting sample points but this has limitations.
- Intercepts are points where a graph crosses an axis,
The document provides an overview of how to connect to and use the Internet. It discusses the history and development of the Internet from its origins in ARPANET in the 1960s to the creation of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s. Key events included the development of packet switching, TCP/IP, email, web browsers, and commercialization of the Internet. The document describes how individuals and businesses connect to the Internet using options like dial-up, DSL, cable, or wireless. Common activities on the Internet are discussed like browsing websites, emailing, downloading files, and e-commerce.
This document provides an overview of solving polynomial equations. It defines polynomials and their key properties like degree, coefficients, and roots. It introduces several theorems for finding roots, including the Remainder Theorem, Factor Theorem, and the idea that a polynomial of degree n has n roots when counting multiplicities. Methods discussed include factoring, long division, and the quadratic formula. The document explains it is not possible to express solutions of polynomials of degree 5 or higher using radicals.
This chapter discusses synchronous communication technologies including Internet Relay Chat (IRC), instant messaging, video conferencing, and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). IRC allows real-time text conversations in channels, while instant messaging focuses on one-on-one chats. Video conferencing lets people see and hear each other over the Internet using webcams and microphones. VoIP converts voice calls to digital signals to make phone calls over the Internet using software like Skype.
To get a professional email account for their course, students are instructed to set up a Gmail account. The document guides the reader through loading their internet browser to begin the process of creating a Gmail account. Upon completion, students are directed to return to their Moodle course for the next assignment.
This document discusses inverse functions, including exponential, logarithmic, and inverse trigonometric functions. It begins by defining an inverse function as two functions f and g where g(f(x)) = x and f(g(y)) = y. It then discusses how to find the inverse of a function by solving an equation like y = f(x) for x in terms of y. For a function to have an inverse, it must assign distinct outputs to distinct inputs. The document provides examples of finding inverses and discusses domains, ranges, and interpretations of inverse functions.
This chapter discusses accessing information resources on the web, including the difference between the surface web and deep web. It covers various search tools like search engines, subject directories, and meta search engines. Boolean logic and search syntax are explained to refine queries. Advanced search features and evaluating results are also summarized. Methods to define search questions and formulate strategies are provided to efficiently find relevant information online.
Survey Grade LiDAR Technologies for Transportation EngineeringQuantum Spatial
This presentation was given during the 2013 Annual Civil Engineering Conference by Tim Stagg of AeroMetric. It covers system/sensor configurations, application advantages/disadvantages, analysis from sensor data, feature extraction/deliverables, and client pains in relation to survey grade LiDAR technologies for transportation engineering.
This document provides an overview of different types of numbers and their relationships. It discusses:
1) Real numbers which include rational numbers like fractions and irrational numbers like square roots. Rational numbers have repeating decimals while irrational numbers do not.
2) Complex numbers which are numbers of the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers. They were invented to allow solutions to equations like x^2 = -1.
3) How René Descartes linked algebra and geometry by establishing a correspondence between real numbers and points on a coordinate line, allowing geometric shapes to be described with algebraic equations.
WE1.L10 - GRACE Applications to Regional Hydrology and Water Resourcesgrssieee
This document summarizes the applications of NASA's GRACE mission for monitoring regional hydrology and water resources. GRACE uses two satellites to measure small changes in Earth's gravity field caused by the redistribution of water on land and oceans. GRACE data has been used to monitor seasonal water storage changes, depleting groundwater aquifers, declining glaciers and ice sheets, and rising sea levels. Ensuring continuity of GRACE measurements is important for long-term climate monitoring, and NASA has proposed a GRACE Follow-On mission to launch in 2016 to fill the gap until next-generation gravity missions.
The document provides an introduction to PHP including:
- PHP is an open source scripting language especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.
- PHP code is executed on the server, generating HTML which is then sent to the client.
- PHP supports variables, operators, conditional statements, arrays, loops, functions, and forms. Key functions like $_GET and $_POST are used to collect form data submitted via GET and POST methods respectively.
The document discusses the use of LiDAR (light detection and ranging) technology for various applications such as flood plain mapping, transportation infrastructure, forestry management, and more. It provides details on LiDAR accuracy standards, processing methods, and deliverable data formats. The presentation aims to help audiences understand how LiDAR data can aid in decision-making processes.
This document provides proofs of several basic limit theorems and properties from calculus. It includes:
1) Proofs of three parts of a limit theorem about combining constant multiples, sums, and products of functions with limits.
2) A proof of a basic continuity property regarding limits of composite functions.
3) Proofs of the chain rule of differentiation and that relative extrema of functions occur at critical points.
4) Proofs of two summation formulas involving sums of integers and sums of squared integers.
The proofs illustrate fundamental limit concepts and techniques like choosing appropriate δ values, using preceding results about limits, and algebraic manipulations of expressions involving limits.
Ch7(publishing my sql data on the web)Chhom Karath
This document discusses how to use PHP and MySQL together to create a database-driven website. It explains that PHP scripts connect to a MySQL database, retrieve content, and use that content to dynamically generate web pages. It then provides examples of how to connect to a MySQL database from PHP, run queries like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE, and handle result sets from SELECT queries by retrieving rows and their associated data.
1) The document introduces computers and their components, including input/output devices, the system unit, storage, and communications devices.
2) It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using computers and defines key terms like digital literacy and the information processing cycle.
3) Networks and the internet are introduced, including how they connect computers and allow sharing of resources. The functions of servers and how the world wide web works are also summarized.
Photonics as enabling technology in the Security and Defense sectorsJose Pozo
EPIC is an industry association that promotes photonics in Europe. It has over 260 member companies across the photonics value chain. EPIC works to develop the photonics ecosystem through networking opportunities, funding support, advocacy, and education. Some of its activities include publishing reports, organizing workshops and roundtables, coordinating EU funding proposals, and representing technology capabilities of its members.
ADVANCED DTM GENERATION USING AIRBORNE LIDAR TECHNIQUECovasnianu Adrian
Simulations of the hydrological risks and thus the decisions of assessment strategies are crucial in the context of extreme meteorological events due to the consequences of the fast changes in the climate. The remote sensing methods, such as LIDAR backscatter technique are allowing the elaboration of a high precision (5cm vertical and 3 points/m2 horizontal resolutions) Digital Terrain Model (DTM) as basis of the hydrological modeling. In this paper is presented the airborne LIDAR technique, methodology of obtaining the DTM, the usefulness of the DTM outputs for hydrologic applications and the potential application for the Romanian Danube Flood Plain assessment strategy.
Presentation of the paper "AN IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIOS FOR FEDERATED AEROSPACE NETWORKS" at the 8th International Workshop on Satellite Constellations and Formation Flying, 8 - 10 June, TUD, Delft
IDEAS - Integrated Detector Electronics AS, headquarter in Oslo, Norway. The company
designs radiation detectors and
imaging systems with
proprietary readout electronics. These are slides from their products presentation at the IEEE NSS MIC RTSD conference in Vancouver in November 2023.
This document provides an overview of Hexagon and its geospatial solutions for emergency management. Hexagon is a global technology company with nearly 14,000 employees and annual turnover of close to 2.4 billion euros. It provides hardware, software, and services for geospatial applications across multiple industries. These include aerial imaging cameras, lidar systems, photogrammetry software, and mobile mapping solutions for applications such as infrastructure inspection, environmental monitoring, and emergency response.
In this project we show that how we monitor the jumping of car on red light by digital manner system. By using this we not only monitor the red light jumped car but at the same time we check the particular time and location. Using this we can extend to online chalaan, verifying car documents and monitoring VIP cars.
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Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
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Astute Business Solutions | Oracle Cloud Partner |
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system for power transmission line data capture
1. Application of dual output LiDAR scanning
system for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 November 2011
Pedro Llorens(1) – Ron Roth (2) – F. Javier Luque (1) – Alfonso Gómez (1) – Francisco J. Arjonilla (1)
(1) Stereocarto, S.L. – Madrid, Spain, (2) Leica Geosystems
pllorens@stereocarto.com
2. Stereocarto Group
Group of companies specialized in geoinformation: Capture, process
and exploitation
Core companies:
• Stereocarto: General geoinformation process and exploitation (orthophoto,
GIS,...)
• HIFSA: Aerial survey flights
• Cartogesa: Feature extraction and edition
• Terra XXI: Consultancy
Working since 1964
Belongs to the engineering firm Inypsa (public company in Madrid stock
exchange)
R & D & Innovation division
International activity:
• 80% turnover outside Spain
• Subsidiaries in Portugal, Italy, Romania, Ecuador, Brazil and more.
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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3. Main resources and projects
One of Stereocarto strengths is massive data capture:
5 Digital cameras:
• 3 Z/I DMC
• 1 Leica ADS40
• 1 Leica RCD105
3 LiDAR systems
• 2 Leica ALS50 II
• 1 Leica ALS60
5 airplanes
• 3 owned (Beechcraft B200, Cessna 402, 404)
• 2 leased (Cessna 421, Piper Aztec)
Flight performance in 2009
• 300,000 sq. Km. digital aerial imagery
• 100,000 sq. Km. LiDAR survey
Current biggest project
• Ecuador (2/3 country – 240,000 sq. Km.): Aerial imagery, LiDAR and 50cm
orthophoto
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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4. Powerline geometry studies objectives
Powerline analysis to detect potential clearance violations (points failing
to keep security distances).
Powerline design, planning, maintenance, modification and rerating
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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5. LiDAR applied to powerlines
LiDAR is an excellent tool to model powerlines thanks to its unique
features
Multiple returns capability
Uniform accuracy
High level of detail
High efficiency and productivity (e.g. bigger swath)
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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6. Information extracted from LiDAR data
Overhead cable modelling
• Catenary parameters
Electricity pylons
Terrain in the Right-of-Way (ROW) corridor
Vegetation close to the powerline (inside and outside of the ROW).
Infrastructure and objects in the powerline surroundings.
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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7. Powerline applications of LiDAR
New lines planning
Existing lines inventory:
• 3D modelling of high voltage powerlines with catenary extraction
Lines rerating or repowering
• Thermal capacity analysis of transmission lines
Environmental:
• Critical distances analysis to vegetation (forest fire prevention)
Obstacle analysis in the powerline ROW
Studies include capture at ambient conditions (wind and temperature)
and simulations of extreme weather cases
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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8. Red Eléctrica de España (REE)
REE is the Spanish TSO (Transmission System Operator)
REE is the unique responsible of electricity transportation or
transmission in Spain (Iberian Peninsule and islands)
REE manages nearly 40.000 Km of transmission powerlines, mainly
400 KV and 220 KV
Recently REE is using LiDAR technology to capture powerlines in
maintenance, rerating and ROW vegetation management projects
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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9. REE transmission grid
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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10. Project objective
“Data acquisition with laser scanning technology (LiDAR) for
determination of points with critical distances between high voltage
cables belonging to the REE grid and trees or surrounding vegetation”
Area covered: 837 linear kilometers
• 429 Km 400KV
• 408 Km 220KV
The project was part of REE vegetation management program
It should identify areas where field brigades should remove danger
trees and branches
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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11. Powerlines covered
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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12. Deliverables
Required data:
•
•
•
•
Listing of critical distance points.
Phase conductor with critical distance.
Cross section to scale of every point with critical distance.
Scale maps of each span containing points with critical distances to
vegetation
• Optionally point clouds
All data supplied in three different cases (one captured and two
calculated):
1.
2.
3.
Under existing temperature (measured) and wind conditions at the time of
flight (Captured geometry)
Zero wind and max wire load (usually 50ºC temperature) (Calculated
geometry)
120 km/h wind across track and 15ºC. (Calculated geometry)
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
12
13. Schedule
Project done in summer
Flight planning and execution 2 weeks
Trajectory calculation 1 week
Point cloud and basic LiDAR post processing 2 weeks
Cable extraction, simulations and deliverables preparation 6 weeks
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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14. Technical resources
Technical resources
Model
Manufacturer
Helicopter
Eurocopter Ecureuil AS350 B3
Eurocopter
Laser scanner
ALS 70-HP (Orig. ALS50II)
Leica
IMU
IPAS 20
Leica
Ground reference stations
System 1200
Leica
Initially planned with our ALS50 II
Finally used a new ALS70 HP
Spacing parameters required the use of helicopter instead of fixed wing
aircraft
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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15. ALS70-HP
LS70-LP Laser Scanner
SC70 System Controller
LC60 Laser Controller
MM70 Mass Memory
OC50 Pilot Display
GI40 Guidance Indicator
OC52 Operator Display
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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16. Sensor mounting
LiDAR sensor mounted on Dart POD .
ALS with / without
RCD, Dart pod
In cabin
In pod
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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17. Sensor parameters
Main parameters:
• Field of vision (FOV)
• Pulse rate
• Scan rate
Constraints:
• Point density
• Point spacing
• Fooprint diameter
Other requirements:
•
•
•
•
•
Detectable object size
Flying height
Aircraft speed
Swath width / Line spacing
Relieve
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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18. Sensor parameters
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
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Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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19. Sensor parameters for cable capture
Cable detection
•
Across track spacing equal to pulse footprint size is used – 12cm for 500 m flying height
Line surrounding objects detection
•
Despite a 2-3m along track spacing would be enough to capture the cable and determine
catenary parameters, ALS70-HP reached <30cm allowing detailed capture of vegetation
and any object in the ROW and surroundings
Flight direction
Pulse footprint
size 0,12cm
Across track
spacing 0,12cm
Cable
Along track spacing
0,27 to 0,90cm
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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20. Flight parameters
Flight parameters
Flying heigtht AGL
Ground speed
500
40 (72)
meters
Knots(Km/h)
LiDAR
Parameter
ALS50II
ALS70-HP
150.000
500.000
FOV
28.5
28.5
deg
Average point density
> 28
> 95
pts/m2
> 250
> 250
meters
Max point spacing across track
0,13
0,12
meters
Max point spacing along track
0,90
0,27
meters
Pulse rate
Full swath width
Units
Hertz
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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21. Accuracy
Planned parameters result in:
• Relative accuracy:
• X, Y ~ 6 cm
• Z ~ 7 cm
• Required 0.50 m
• Absolute accuracy:
• X, Y ~ 25 cm
• Z ~ 20 cm
• Required 1 m
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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22. Workflow
LiDAR & simulated
data integration
LiDAR flight
planning and
execution
RAW
Data
Process
Critical points
determination
New cable vectors
Weather case
generation
Point cloud
with critical
points
Point
cloud
Cable
parameters
Deliverable generation
Classification
Cable extraction
Classified
point cloud
Catenary definition
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
Plans & cross
sections
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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23. LiDAR data process
Point cloud
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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24. LiDAR data process
Classification
Overhead line
Vegetation & buildings
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
Pylon
Terrain
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Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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25. LiDAR data process
Cable extraction
• Determination of points belonging to the cable in the point cloud
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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26. Captured data
Critical points identification
• Identification of potencial clearance violations under existing conditions at
the time of flight
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
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Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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27. Captured data
Deliverable
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
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Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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28. Captured data
Deliverable
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
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Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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29. Captured data
Cross section
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
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30. Weather case simulation
Catenary parameters and cable position determination under alternative
scenarios or weather cases.
• Maximum load condition
• Conductor temperature increases and suffers dilatation so it gets closer to the
ground. Case temperature defined by the customer, usually 50º.
• Extreme across track wind situation.
• At 15ºC, a 120 Km/h across track wind is considered, resulting in a deviation of the
cable from the vertical plane. In nearly 1Km spans this means several meters.
Simulation done with PLSCADD and propietary software from Inypsa
Data had to be captured in a wide area around the powerline in order to
take into account the new position of the overhead cable in the weather
cases
The existing temperature conditions at the time of flight had to be
registered to calculate the derived weather cases
• This was done lowering the helicopter next to the powerline every 10-15 Km
• Temperature was registered with a helicopter probe
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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31. Inypsa simulation application
LiDAR data
Overhead line
modeling
engine
Conductors
properties
database
Ambient Temp
Insulators
database
Power line info
catenary @
max T / max
E. load
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
catenary @
max crosswind
pressure
load
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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32. Simulated data
Point cloud
Simulated cable
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
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Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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33. Simulated data
Point cloud cross section
Cable simulation
Wind case
Cables
Cable simulation
Max load
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
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34. Extreme wind case
Deliverable
Simulated cable
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
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35. Extreme wind case
Deliverable
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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36. Extreme wind case
Cross section
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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37. Alphanumeric deliverables
Critical points:
• Data grouped by spans between pylons.
• Cable parameter listings (captured and simulated).
• Coordinate listings of critical points.
LiDAR data:
• Point clouds (optional)
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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38. Critical distances
Pylon
Distance to pylon
Cable clearance
Object class
East
North
Elevation
1
16,1
4,99
vegetation
333871,86
4215925,71
669,77
2
22,29
0,12
vegetation
334137,93
4216678,86
720,61
2
22,3
0,18
vegetation
334137,98
4216678,85
720,66
2
22,3
0,22
vegetation
334138,05
4216678,83
720,63
3
22,3
3,79
vegetation
334137,98
4216678,85
720,66
3
22,3
3,82
vegetation
334138,05
4216678,83
720,63
3
22,3
3,83
vegetation
334137,93
4216678,86
720,61
2
9,99
3,16
vegetation
334169,98
4216834,57
692,72
2
9,99
3,21
vegetation
334170,06
4216834,55
692,68
2
9,99
3,24
vegetation
334170,13
4216834,53
692,67
2
9,98
3,58
vegetation
334170,39
4216834,45
692,38
2
9,98
3,59
vegetation
334170,32
4216834,47
692,36
2
9,97
3,6
vegetation
334170,46
4216834,43
692,38
2
9,99
3,8
vegetation
334170,00
4216834,54
692,09
2
9,97
3,84
vegetation
334170,57
4216834,4
692,17
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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39. Buildings clearance
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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40. Terrain clearance
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
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Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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41. Vegetation clearance
Growing vegetation
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
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Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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42. Vegetation clearance
Falling trees danger
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
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Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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43. High level of detail – pylon 1
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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44. High level of detail – pylon 2
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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45. High level of detail – pylon 3
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
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Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
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46. Weather case visualization
Maximum load cable modelling in Google Earth
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
48
47. Weather case visualization
Extreme across track wind (120 Km/h) cable modelling in Google Earth
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
49
48. Conclusions
ALS70-HP allows doubling flight speed over 80 knots without
compromising spacing
Finally speed is only limited by helicopter maneuverability
• Speed at bends
• Terrain following with hight slopes
Point density and accuracy do not limit flight specification
Some consistency issues with input data
• Pylon numbering
• Pylon position
LiDAR data editing software considers catenaries contained in a
vertical plane so it is not able to model the 120Km/h wind case as the
catenary gets out of that plane. This forced the development of an
specific sowtware tool to determine distance from cables in any position
to obstacles, trees and ground.
Application of dual output LiDAR scanning system
for power transmission line data capture
European LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
50
49. OFICINAS:
STEREOCARTO, S.L.
OFICINA CENTRAL:
General Díaz Porlier, 49
28001 Madrid, España.
Telf. +34 911211800
Fax: +34 914021609
España
Portugal
Italia
Rumania
Brasil
Colombia
Ecuador
http://www.stereocarto.com
European
STEREOCARTO, S.L. LiDAR Mapping Forum
Salzburg Congress Austria 29-30 Nov 2011
51