This study investigated the skeletal changes in the facial structures of 30 patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusions who were treated using functional jaw orthopedic appliances. Cephalometric analyses before and after treatment showed that treatment resulted in reduced overjet, mandibular advancement, and increased total mandibular length. Specifically, overjet decreased by an average of 2.46 mm, mandible advanced by an average of 2.72 mm, and total mandibular length increased by an average of 4.17 mm. While maxillary development was inhibited by an average of 1.57 degrees, the correction of the anterior-posterior discrepancy was mainly due to changes in mandibular position and growth rather than changes to the maxilla
Fixed and removable orthodontic appliance application for class III malocclus...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Gingival recession—can orthodontics be a cure? evidence from a case presentationEdwardHAngle
A 35-year-old woman presented with severe gingival recession and a unilateral Class II malocclusion. Her treatment plan involved orthodontic correction of the malocclusion using brackets that torqued roots more onto the bone. It also involved changing her dental hygiene methods to use an oscillating toothbrush gently. After 28 months of orthodontic treatment, her malocclusion was corrected and her gingival recession improved without needing grafting. Three months later, her teeth had settled well into their new positions.
Increased occurrence of dental anomalies associated with infraocclusion of de...EdwardHAngle
This study examined the relationship between infraocclusion of deciduous molars and other dental anomalies. The study analyzed 99 patients with infraocclusion from Boston and Jerusalem. It found statistically significant associations between infraocclusion and increased prevalence of tooth agenesis, microdontia of maxillary lateral incisors, palatally displaced canines, and distal angulation of mandibular second premolars. Specifically, these dental anomalies were two to seven times more common in the infraocclusion samples compared to reported prevalence in general population reference samples. The results support the hypothesis that shared genetic factors may underlie the connection between infraocclusion and other dental anomalies.
Here are the key points about the role of genes in periodontitis from the hadith:
- The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) reported that Adam was created from clay and was given a stomach illness.
- This indicates that genetic predisposition to certain diseases, like periodontitis, has existed since the time of Adam according to this hadith.
- Around 10% of periodontitis cases may be linked to genetic factors that increase one's risk of developing severe periodontal bone loss, sometimes from a young age.
- Certain genes like FAM5C have been associated with higher risk of periodontal disease according to scientific studies.
- So this hadith is consistent with current scientific
This document discusses potential risks and complications of orthodontic treatment. It begins by outlining the main objectives, which are to identify risks, complications, allergic reactions, and infective endocarditis related to orthodontics. It then covers various topics in more depth, including dental complications, periodontal issues, soft tissue alterations, temporomandibular disorders, speech problems, allergic reactions, and risk management strategies. Specific risks addressed include enamel damage, decay, color alterations, wear, root resorption, gingivitis, recession, and ulcerations. The document emphasizes the importance of oral hygiene and monitoring during treatment to prevent issues.
Change in the Vertical Relation in Class II Deformity with Skeletal Open Bite...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
This summarizes a document describing a case study of a patient with Class II deformity and skeletal open bite treated with orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. Key points:
- The 21-year-old female patient presented with missing lower front teeth, crowded upper teeth, and pain in the temporomandibular joints. Diagnosis found a long lower face and non-occlusion on one side.
- Treatment involved presurgical orthodontics to align the teeth, followed by double jaw surgery involving maxillary impaction and mandibular advancement and rotation.
- Post-surgical orthodontics were used to settle the occlusion, and a retainer was employed long-term due to
Fixed and removable orthodontic appliance application for class III malocclus...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Gingival recession—can orthodontics be a cure? evidence from a case presentationEdwardHAngle
A 35-year-old woman presented with severe gingival recession and a unilateral Class II malocclusion. Her treatment plan involved orthodontic correction of the malocclusion using brackets that torqued roots more onto the bone. It also involved changing her dental hygiene methods to use an oscillating toothbrush gently. After 28 months of orthodontic treatment, her malocclusion was corrected and her gingival recession improved without needing grafting. Three months later, her teeth had settled well into their new positions.
Increased occurrence of dental anomalies associated with infraocclusion of de...EdwardHAngle
This study examined the relationship between infraocclusion of deciduous molars and other dental anomalies. The study analyzed 99 patients with infraocclusion from Boston and Jerusalem. It found statistically significant associations between infraocclusion and increased prevalence of tooth agenesis, microdontia of maxillary lateral incisors, palatally displaced canines, and distal angulation of mandibular second premolars. Specifically, these dental anomalies were two to seven times more common in the infraocclusion samples compared to reported prevalence in general population reference samples. The results support the hypothesis that shared genetic factors may underlie the connection between infraocclusion and other dental anomalies.
Here are the key points about the role of genes in periodontitis from the hadith:
- The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) reported that Adam was created from clay and was given a stomach illness.
- This indicates that genetic predisposition to certain diseases, like periodontitis, has existed since the time of Adam according to this hadith.
- Around 10% of periodontitis cases may be linked to genetic factors that increase one's risk of developing severe periodontal bone loss, sometimes from a young age.
- Certain genes like FAM5C have been associated with higher risk of periodontal disease according to scientific studies.
- So this hadith is consistent with current scientific
This document discusses potential risks and complications of orthodontic treatment. It begins by outlining the main objectives, which are to identify risks, complications, allergic reactions, and infective endocarditis related to orthodontics. It then covers various topics in more depth, including dental complications, periodontal issues, soft tissue alterations, temporomandibular disorders, speech problems, allergic reactions, and risk management strategies. Specific risks addressed include enamel damage, decay, color alterations, wear, root resorption, gingivitis, recession, and ulcerations. The document emphasizes the importance of oral hygiene and monitoring during treatment to prevent issues.
Change in the Vertical Relation in Class II Deformity with Skeletal Open Bite...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
This summarizes a document describing a case study of a patient with Class II deformity and skeletal open bite treated with orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. Key points:
- The 21-year-old female patient presented with missing lower front teeth, crowded upper teeth, and pain in the temporomandibular joints. Diagnosis found a long lower face and non-occlusion on one side.
- Treatment involved presurgical orthodontics to align the teeth, followed by double jaw surgery involving maxillary impaction and mandibular advancement and rotation.
- Post-surgical orthodontics were used to settle the occlusion, and a retainer was employed long-term due to
Indics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This case report describes a 58-year-old female patient who presented with pain in her lower left back tooth. During examination, the clinicians observed involuntary, repetitive movements of the patient's mandible resembling teeth grinding. No other abnormalities were found. Based on the clinical findings, the patient was diagnosed with oromandibular dystonia. Oromandibular dystonia is a type of focal dystonia affecting the mouth, jaw, and tongue muscles, causing involuntary contractions and repetitive movements. It can be difficult to diagnose and is managed through a multidisciplinary approach.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This study evaluated the effect of maxillary advancement of less than 6 mm versus 6 mm or more on soft tissue changes in 53 patients treated for Class III malocclusion. For advancements under 6 mm, there were no significant changes in the nasolabial angle but significant changes in lip and chin positions. For advancements of 6 mm or more, submental and nasolabial soft tissues significantly improved, indicating better aesthetics. The degree of maxillary advancement significantly impacts soft tissue changes and should be considered in treatment planning.
This study evaluated the effect of different amounts of mandibular setback surgery on the submental region and aesthetics. The study examined 38 patients who underwent mandibular setback surgery, distinguishing those with less than 5mm of setback from those with 5mm or more. The results found no significant changes in the submental region or aesthetics for patients with less than 5mm of setback. However, for patients with 5mm or more of setback, there were significant decreases in cervical length and changes to the lip-chin-throat angle, lower lip length, and upper lip length. The study suggests these factors should be considered in surgical planning to avoid undesirable aesthetic impacts of mandibular setback surgery.
2007 daher tratamiento no quirurgico en un adulto con clase iiimarangelroque
This case report describes the nonsurgical treatment of a 43-year-old man with a Class III malocclusion and crossbite. Treatment options included orthognathic surgery, nonextraction treatment, premolar extractions, and mandibular incisor extraction. The patient opted for nonsurgical treatment, which included maxillary expansion and extraction of a mandibular central incisor. Over 2 years of treatment with braces and a facemask, the crossbite was corrected and a good occlusion was achieved without the need for surgery.
This document describes a new rectangular wiring fixation technique for genioplasty advancement procedures. It presents a case report of a 17-year old male who underwent genioplasty to advance a recessed chin. Instead of the typical two wires used for non-rigid fixation, a single long wire was passed through four holes - two in the mobile segment and two in the stable segment - to stabilize the advanced segment in a rectangular configuration. The technique provides stability with advantages of reduced operating time, cost, and instrumentation compared to other fixation methods.
indices 2 / dental crown & bridge courses /certified fixed orthodontic cour...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Harmonisation of the Dento-Facial Complex A Result Of Combination A Orthodont...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
The document discusses a case study of a 21-year-old female patient who presented with temporomandibular joint pain, poor esthetics due to malpositioned maxillary incisors, and a skeletal deep bite with characteristics of short face syndrome. She underwent a combination of orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery to correct her dentofacial deformities. Specifically, orthodontics was used to align the dental arches, orthognathic surgery involved sagittal split osteotomy to rotate the mandible and increase lower facial height, and follow-up orthodontics closed a lateral open bite created by the surgery. The treatment resulted in a harmonious facial profile both sagittally and vertically
This document discusses the orthodontic management of hypodontia. It begins with definitions and classifications of hypodontia, discusses prevalence based on factors like ethnicity and gender, and reviews potential etiologies. Clinical presentation and features seen in hypodontia cases are outlined. Treatment involves a multidisciplinary team and factors like age, severity, and dental relationships must be considered. Options include space opening/maintenance, partial space closure, and different appliances. Challenges in treatment and restoration options to replace missing teeth are also covered.
Relationship between dental arch width and vertical facial morphology in unt...EdwardHAngle
The objectives of this study were to investigate if a relationship exists between dental arch width and the vertical facial pattern determined by the steepness of the mandibular plane, and to examine the differences in dental arch widths between male and female untreated adults. Lateral cephalograms and dental casts were obtained from 185 untreated Caucasians and measurements of arch width and mandibular plane angle were taken. The results showed that male arch widths were significantly larger than females and that as the mandibular plane angle increased, arch width decreased for both males and females. It was concluded that dental arch width is associated with gender and facial vertical morphology.
Long term clinical and bacterial effetcx of xylitol on paitnets with fixed or...EdwardHAngle
Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate long-term clinical and bacterial effects of using 6 g of
xylitol per day for 3 months on patients with full fixed orthodontic appliances.
Methods: The study was a pilot clinical trial that included 41 subjects who were undergoing orthodontic
treatment. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups. Group A received xylitol chewing gum, group B
received xylitol dissolvable chewable tablets, and Group C served as the control group and did not receive xylitol
gums or tablets. Clinical examination and the collection of plaque and saliva samples were carried out at baseline
and 3, 6, and 12 months. All three groups were given oral hygiene instruction and were put on a 6-month cleaning
and topical fluoride schedule. Plaque scores and bacterial counts were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the
different approaches at reducing the caries risk.
Results: Xylitol groups did not experience any more reduction in plaque score, plaque MS counts, or salivary MS
counts than the control group nor did they have lower values at any of the time points. Chewing gum did not
significantly increase the incidence of debonded brackets over the other groups.
Conclusions: Xylitol does not have a clinical or bacterial benefit in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Oral
hygiene instructions and 6-month topical fluoride application were effective at reducing plaque scores and bacterial
counts in patients with full fixed appliances regardless of whether or not xylitol was used.
The document summarizes a journal club presentation on a 3-year study evaluating the clinical performance of short expandable dental implants in highly atrophic alveolar bone. The study found a 94.7% implant success rate in the mandible and 83.6% in the maxilla over a mean follow-up of 42.6 months, with median 3-year crestal bone changes demonstrating maintenance of peri-implant alveolar bone. The conclusion was that the short expandable implant system provided reliable oral rehabilitation, especially for elderly patients with difficult implantation conditions.
Malposition of unerupted mandibular second premolar in children with cleft li...EdwardHAngle
Objective: To determine whether distoangular malposition of the unerupted mandibular second
premolar (MnP2) is more frequent in children with unilateral clefts of the lip and palate.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study examined panoramic radiographs from 45 patients
with unilateral clefts of the lip and/or palate who had no previous orthodontics. A control
sample consisted of age- and sex-matched patients. The distal angle formed between the long
axis of MnP2 and the tangent to the inferior border was measured. The mean, standard deviation,
and range were calculated for the angles measured in the cleft and the control groups. The
significance of the differences between the means was evaluated by the paired t-test. The angles
of the cleft and noncleft sides were also measured and compared.
Results: The mean inclination of the MnP2 on the cleft side was 73.6°, compared with 84.6° in
the control group. This difference was highly significant statistically (P < .0001). The difference
in angles from the cleft and noncleft sides was 0.7°, not statistically significant. A significant association
was found between clefting and distoangular malposition of the developing MnP2, suggesting
a shared genetic etiology. This association is independent of the clefting side, ruling out
possible local mechanical effects.
Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of the potential for anomalous development of MnP2 in
children with clefts.
The document discusses the importance of occlusion aspects in completing orthodontic treatment. It emphasizes establishing criteria like centric relation, vertical dimension, guidance patterns, and occlusal contacts to achieve stability. The study evaluated 20 patients 5 years after treatment, finding all maintained their corrected molar relationship and overjet, indicating occlusion aspects support stability. Adhering to functional occlusion principles helps orthodontists obtain proper treatment completion.
This case report describes the prosthodontic rehabilitation of a young patient with ectodermal dysplasia over several years using transitional removable dentures and later fixed implant-supported prostheses. Initially, the patient received interim removable partial dentures at age 14 after extraction of mobile deciduous teeth. At age 15, a conventional overdenture was fabricated. At age 18, a tooth- and bar-supported overdenture was made. Finally, at age 21 after osseointegrated implants were placed, a definitive fixed implant-supported prosthesis was fabricated. The patient was satisfied with the final prosthesis both aesthetically and functionally. Delaying fixed implant treatment until adulthood avoided potential growth-related complications.
This document provides guidelines for clinical facial analysis (CFA) for orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons. It details the steps and assessments involved in CFA from both frontal and profile views. Key areas examined include facial type, vertical heights, symmetry, skeletal bases, lip assessments, smile analysis, and dental factors. CFA is used to diagnose and classify dentofacial deformities, plan appropriate treatment, and predict outcomes. It should be performed at initial examination and precedes intraoral examination while the patient is in natural head position.
Change in the Vertical Ralation in Class II Deformity with Skeletal Open Bite...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
This document summarizes the treatment of a 21-year-old female patient who presented with a Class II deformity, open bite, and long lower face. The treatment plan involved a combined orthodontic-surgical approach including:
1. Presurgical orthodontics to align the teeth and prepare for surgery.
2. Orthognathic surgery consisting of a LeFort I osteotomy to impact the maxilla 4mm dorsally and 2mm ventrally, and a sagittal split osteotomy to advance the mandible 6mm on the right and 2mm on the left with 4.5mm left shift.
3. Postsurgical orthodontics to settle the occlusion, followed by
1. A study compared long-term stability of adolescent versus adult surgery for treatment of mandibular deficiency, finding that beyond 1 year post-surgery, younger patients showed significantly greater changes in horizontal and vertical positions of mandibular landmarks and angles.
2. Early mandibular advancement surgery may be less stable long-term than performing the same surgery on older, growth-completed patients.
3. Younger patients undergoing two-jaw surgery experienced even greater long-term changes than those receiving isolated mandibular advancement.
This document describes the surgical-orthodontic retreatment of a 18-year-old male with a severe skeletal Class III malocclusion. He had previously undergone unsuccessful orthodontic camouflage treatment involving extraction of mandibular premolars. The new treatment plan involved decompensation through orthodontics followed by maxillary advancement and impaction with mandibular setback via orthognathic surgery. After 28 months of treatment, a 20mm sagittal correction was achieved and facial aesthetics were significantly improved. The surgery and orthodontics successfully corrected the skeletal discrepancy and produced a functional occlusion.
This document discusses diagnostic records for orthodontic treatment planning. It emphasizes the importance of thorough evaluation of dental casts, facial and intraoral photographs, and radiographs to identify all dental, skeletal, and soft tissue problems. Cephalometric analysis and 3D imaging such as CBCT are described as useful tools to further characterize dentofacial proportions and anomalies. The goal of comprehensive diagnostic records is to complete the diagnostic phase of treatment planning by identifying all significant orthodontic problems to inform development of an appropriate treatment plan.
Indics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This case report describes a 58-year-old female patient who presented with pain in her lower left back tooth. During examination, the clinicians observed involuntary, repetitive movements of the patient's mandible resembling teeth grinding. No other abnormalities were found. Based on the clinical findings, the patient was diagnosed with oromandibular dystonia. Oromandibular dystonia is a type of focal dystonia affecting the mouth, jaw, and tongue muscles, causing involuntary contractions and repetitive movements. It can be difficult to diagnose and is managed through a multidisciplinary approach.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This study evaluated the effect of maxillary advancement of less than 6 mm versus 6 mm or more on soft tissue changes in 53 patients treated for Class III malocclusion. For advancements under 6 mm, there were no significant changes in the nasolabial angle but significant changes in lip and chin positions. For advancements of 6 mm or more, submental and nasolabial soft tissues significantly improved, indicating better aesthetics. The degree of maxillary advancement significantly impacts soft tissue changes and should be considered in treatment planning.
This study evaluated the effect of different amounts of mandibular setback surgery on the submental region and aesthetics. The study examined 38 patients who underwent mandibular setback surgery, distinguishing those with less than 5mm of setback from those with 5mm or more. The results found no significant changes in the submental region or aesthetics for patients with less than 5mm of setback. However, for patients with 5mm or more of setback, there were significant decreases in cervical length and changes to the lip-chin-throat angle, lower lip length, and upper lip length. The study suggests these factors should be considered in surgical planning to avoid undesirable aesthetic impacts of mandibular setback surgery.
2007 daher tratamiento no quirurgico en un adulto con clase iiimarangelroque
This case report describes the nonsurgical treatment of a 43-year-old man with a Class III malocclusion and crossbite. Treatment options included orthognathic surgery, nonextraction treatment, premolar extractions, and mandibular incisor extraction. The patient opted for nonsurgical treatment, which included maxillary expansion and extraction of a mandibular central incisor. Over 2 years of treatment with braces and a facemask, the crossbite was corrected and a good occlusion was achieved without the need for surgery.
This document describes a new rectangular wiring fixation technique for genioplasty advancement procedures. It presents a case report of a 17-year old male who underwent genioplasty to advance a recessed chin. Instead of the typical two wires used for non-rigid fixation, a single long wire was passed through four holes - two in the mobile segment and two in the stable segment - to stabilize the advanced segment in a rectangular configuration. The technique provides stability with advantages of reduced operating time, cost, and instrumentation compared to other fixation methods.
indices 2 / dental crown & bridge courses /certified fixed orthodontic cour...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Harmonisation of the Dento-Facial Complex A Result Of Combination A Orthodont...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
The document discusses a case study of a 21-year-old female patient who presented with temporomandibular joint pain, poor esthetics due to malpositioned maxillary incisors, and a skeletal deep bite with characteristics of short face syndrome. She underwent a combination of orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery to correct her dentofacial deformities. Specifically, orthodontics was used to align the dental arches, orthognathic surgery involved sagittal split osteotomy to rotate the mandible and increase lower facial height, and follow-up orthodontics closed a lateral open bite created by the surgery. The treatment resulted in a harmonious facial profile both sagittally and vertically
This document discusses the orthodontic management of hypodontia. It begins with definitions and classifications of hypodontia, discusses prevalence based on factors like ethnicity and gender, and reviews potential etiologies. Clinical presentation and features seen in hypodontia cases are outlined. Treatment involves a multidisciplinary team and factors like age, severity, and dental relationships must be considered. Options include space opening/maintenance, partial space closure, and different appliances. Challenges in treatment and restoration options to replace missing teeth are also covered.
Relationship between dental arch width and vertical facial morphology in unt...EdwardHAngle
The objectives of this study were to investigate if a relationship exists between dental arch width and the vertical facial pattern determined by the steepness of the mandibular plane, and to examine the differences in dental arch widths between male and female untreated adults. Lateral cephalograms and dental casts were obtained from 185 untreated Caucasians and measurements of arch width and mandibular plane angle were taken. The results showed that male arch widths were significantly larger than females and that as the mandibular plane angle increased, arch width decreased for both males and females. It was concluded that dental arch width is associated with gender and facial vertical morphology.
Long term clinical and bacterial effetcx of xylitol on paitnets with fixed or...EdwardHAngle
Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate long-term clinical and bacterial effects of using 6 g of
xylitol per day for 3 months on patients with full fixed orthodontic appliances.
Methods: The study was a pilot clinical trial that included 41 subjects who were undergoing orthodontic
treatment. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups. Group A received xylitol chewing gum, group B
received xylitol dissolvable chewable tablets, and Group C served as the control group and did not receive xylitol
gums or tablets. Clinical examination and the collection of plaque and saliva samples were carried out at baseline
and 3, 6, and 12 months. All three groups were given oral hygiene instruction and were put on a 6-month cleaning
and topical fluoride schedule. Plaque scores and bacterial counts were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the
different approaches at reducing the caries risk.
Results: Xylitol groups did not experience any more reduction in plaque score, plaque MS counts, or salivary MS
counts than the control group nor did they have lower values at any of the time points. Chewing gum did not
significantly increase the incidence of debonded brackets over the other groups.
Conclusions: Xylitol does not have a clinical or bacterial benefit in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Oral
hygiene instructions and 6-month topical fluoride application were effective at reducing plaque scores and bacterial
counts in patients with full fixed appliances regardless of whether or not xylitol was used.
The document summarizes a journal club presentation on a 3-year study evaluating the clinical performance of short expandable dental implants in highly atrophic alveolar bone. The study found a 94.7% implant success rate in the mandible and 83.6% in the maxilla over a mean follow-up of 42.6 months, with median 3-year crestal bone changes demonstrating maintenance of peri-implant alveolar bone. The conclusion was that the short expandable implant system provided reliable oral rehabilitation, especially for elderly patients with difficult implantation conditions.
Malposition of unerupted mandibular second premolar in children with cleft li...EdwardHAngle
Objective: To determine whether distoangular malposition of the unerupted mandibular second
premolar (MnP2) is more frequent in children with unilateral clefts of the lip and palate.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study examined panoramic radiographs from 45 patients
with unilateral clefts of the lip and/or palate who had no previous orthodontics. A control
sample consisted of age- and sex-matched patients. The distal angle formed between the long
axis of MnP2 and the tangent to the inferior border was measured. The mean, standard deviation,
and range were calculated for the angles measured in the cleft and the control groups. The
significance of the differences between the means was evaluated by the paired t-test. The angles
of the cleft and noncleft sides were also measured and compared.
Results: The mean inclination of the MnP2 on the cleft side was 73.6°, compared with 84.6° in
the control group. This difference was highly significant statistically (P < .0001). The difference
in angles from the cleft and noncleft sides was 0.7°, not statistically significant. A significant association
was found between clefting and distoangular malposition of the developing MnP2, suggesting
a shared genetic etiology. This association is independent of the clefting side, ruling out
possible local mechanical effects.
Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of the potential for anomalous development of MnP2 in
children with clefts.
The document discusses the importance of occlusion aspects in completing orthodontic treatment. It emphasizes establishing criteria like centric relation, vertical dimension, guidance patterns, and occlusal contacts to achieve stability. The study evaluated 20 patients 5 years after treatment, finding all maintained their corrected molar relationship and overjet, indicating occlusion aspects support stability. Adhering to functional occlusion principles helps orthodontists obtain proper treatment completion.
This case report describes the prosthodontic rehabilitation of a young patient with ectodermal dysplasia over several years using transitional removable dentures and later fixed implant-supported prostheses. Initially, the patient received interim removable partial dentures at age 14 after extraction of mobile deciduous teeth. At age 15, a conventional overdenture was fabricated. At age 18, a tooth- and bar-supported overdenture was made. Finally, at age 21 after osseointegrated implants were placed, a definitive fixed implant-supported prosthesis was fabricated. The patient was satisfied with the final prosthesis both aesthetically and functionally. Delaying fixed implant treatment until adulthood avoided potential growth-related complications.
This document provides guidelines for clinical facial analysis (CFA) for orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons. It details the steps and assessments involved in CFA from both frontal and profile views. Key areas examined include facial type, vertical heights, symmetry, skeletal bases, lip assessments, smile analysis, and dental factors. CFA is used to diagnose and classify dentofacial deformities, plan appropriate treatment, and predict outcomes. It should be performed at initial examination and precedes intraoral examination while the patient is in natural head position.
Change in the Vertical Ralation in Class II Deformity with Skeletal Open Bite...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
This document summarizes the treatment of a 21-year-old female patient who presented with a Class II deformity, open bite, and long lower face. The treatment plan involved a combined orthodontic-surgical approach including:
1. Presurgical orthodontics to align the teeth and prepare for surgery.
2. Orthognathic surgery consisting of a LeFort I osteotomy to impact the maxilla 4mm dorsally and 2mm ventrally, and a sagittal split osteotomy to advance the mandible 6mm on the right and 2mm on the left with 4.5mm left shift.
3. Postsurgical orthodontics to settle the occlusion, followed by
1. A study compared long-term stability of adolescent versus adult surgery for treatment of mandibular deficiency, finding that beyond 1 year post-surgery, younger patients showed significantly greater changes in horizontal and vertical positions of mandibular landmarks and angles.
2. Early mandibular advancement surgery may be less stable long-term than performing the same surgery on older, growth-completed patients.
3. Younger patients undergoing two-jaw surgery experienced even greater long-term changes than those receiving isolated mandibular advancement.
This document describes the surgical-orthodontic retreatment of a 18-year-old male with a severe skeletal Class III malocclusion. He had previously undergone unsuccessful orthodontic camouflage treatment involving extraction of mandibular premolars. The new treatment plan involved decompensation through orthodontics followed by maxillary advancement and impaction with mandibular setback via orthognathic surgery. After 28 months of treatment, a 20mm sagittal correction was achieved and facial aesthetics were significantly improved. The surgery and orthodontics successfully corrected the skeletal discrepancy and produced a functional occlusion.
This document discusses diagnostic records for orthodontic treatment planning. It emphasizes the importance of thorough evaluation of dental casts, facial and intraoral photographs, and radiographs to identify all dental, skeletal, and soft tissue problems. Cephalometric analysis and 3D imaging such as CBCT are described as useful tools to further characterize dentofacial proportions and anomalies. The goal of comprehensive diagnostic records is to complete the diagnostic phase of treatment planning by identifying all significant orthodontic problems to inform development of an appropriate treatment plan.
This study analyzed the position and angulation of 300 maxillary central incisors using cone beam imaging to provide data to help clinicians achieve good esthetic results for immediate dental implants. The thickness of buccal and palatal bone and apical bone height were measured. Incisors were classified according to their position (buccal, midline, palatal) and angulation (toward buccal, anterior to A point, parallel to alveolus). Most incisors were positioned buccally. Recommendations for implant placement based on tooth classification aim to maintain adequate buccal bone thickness and prevent complications.
This finite element analysis compared the biomechanical effects of different corticotomy approaches on tooth movement during maxillary canine retraction. 24 corticotomy models were designed varying the position, distance from the canine, and width of the cuts. The results showed that a distal corticotomy close to the canine resulted in the greatest canine displacement and lowest strain in the periodontal ligament, suggesting it may be the best approach for facilitating canine retraction. As the distance between the corticotomy and canine increased, its biomechanical effects on tooth movement decreased. The width of the cut did not significantly influence the results.
This document discusses orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. It describes the typical treatment steps which involve orthodontic decompensation by an orthodontist, analytic model planning, the surgical operation by a maxillofacial surgeon, and case finishing by an orthodontist. Malocclusions associated with significant skeletal discrepancies often require a combination of orthodontics and jaw surgery for correction. Common facial deformities involve anteroposterior disproportion, vertical disproportion, transverse anomalies, and asymmetries. Orthodontic surgery can involve maxillary and mandibular movements to reposition the jaws. Assessment of patients for combined treatment involves comprehensive records and treatment planning.
Modern Treatment for Congenitally Missing Teeth : A Multidisciplinary Appro...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
The maxillary lateral incisor is the second most common congenitally absent tooth. There are several treatment options for replacing the missing maxillary lateral incisor, including canine substitution, tooth-supported restoration, or single-tooth implant. Dental implants are an appropriate treatment option for replacing missing maxillary lateral incisor teeth in adolescents when their dental and skeletal development is complete. This case report presents the treatment of a patient with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors using dental implants. Finally, the importance of interdisciplinary team treatment planning is emphasized as a requirement for achieving optimal final esthetics
This document discusses factors affecting the selection of patients for implant retained prostheses. It outlines that a thorough patient evaluation including medical history, dental evaluation through examination and imaging, and informed consent is required. The dental evaluation assesses bone quality and quantity, occlusion, and adjacent teeth. Indications for implants include missing teeth from congenital defects, trauma, or being edentulous. Contraindications include certain medical conditions, smoking, drugs/alcohol, or inadequate bone. Proper patient selection is key for implant success and satisfying treatment outcomes.
This document discusses factors to consider when selecting patients for implant retained prostheses. It outlines general patient factors like medical history and motivation that should be assessed. A thorough dental evaluation including extraoral and intraoral exams, various radiographs, and bone density assessment is important. Patients should provide informed consent and understand expectations, risks, and commitments. Clinical indications for implants include missing teeth due to congenital defects, trauma, or being edentulous. Contraindications include conditions that could compromise bone healing or the patient's ability to maintain implants. A multidisciplinary approach may be needed for complex cases.
1. The study assessed the effectiveness of an orthodontic tongue crib appliance in treating 18 growing children with Class 3 malocclusion and open bite.
2. Cephalometric analysis found that after 12 months of treatment, patients had significant forward growth of the maxilla and improved maxilla-mandibular relationships.
3. The tongue crib was effective at improving the maxillary complex growth and facial esthetics in growing patients with skeletal Class 3 and open bite malocclusions.
This document discusses the classification and management of Class II Division 1 malocclusions. It describes six main horizontal facial types (A through F) and five vertical types based on skeletal patterns. Treatment involves growth modification using functional appliances or headgear in growing patients, camouflage orthodontics using extractions or non-extraction approaches in non-growing patients, or orthognathic surgery for more severe skeletal discrepancies. The goal is to correct the Class II malocclusion through altering jaw positions and modifying facial growth.
This document discusses surgical orthodontics for correcting dentofacial deformities. It begins by explaining that orthognathic surgery is used for correcting aesthetic and functional issues that cannot be addressed by orthodontics alone. It describes different types of dentofacial deformities and factors that indicate the need for combined orthodontic and surgical treatment. The document then covers orthodontic preparation, including decompensating dentition to facilitate surgery, different extraction patterns used, and considerations in the horizontal and vertical planes. It concludes by discussing various surgical procedures used to correct jaw relationships and soft tissue contours in skeletal class II and III malocclusions.
ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT OF PERIODONTALLY DAMAGED TEETH - AN INTERDISCIPLINARY A...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
This document describes an interdisciplinary case involving orthodontic treatment of a patient with periodontal damage. The patient had a deep periodontal pocket and bone loss around tooth 26. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and a bone graft were used to regenerate the defect before orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic treatment was then performed to align the teeth. The periodontal therapy and bone regeneration prior to orthodontics helped to improve the periodontal health and allowed for successful orthodontic treatment.
This case report summarizes the effects of headgear-activator therapy on 10 patients with Class II malocclusions. Key findings include:
1) Five of the 10 cases showed distal movement of the lower first molars, which has not been previously reported.
2) Growth stimulation of the mandible was observed in some patients, with mandibular growth above average compared to a control group.
3) Abnormal oral functions, like tongue thrusting and lip biting, were eliminated in all patients.
4) The headgear-activator appliance was considered an effective tool for controlling vertical growth problems and Class II malocclusions in growing mixed-dentition patients.
This document describes a case report of a 23-year-old male patient who presented with facial asymmetry and flattening of the right side of the face due to childhood temporomandibular joint ankylosis. Treatment involved a two-stage procedure, first using orthognathic surgery (Le Fort I osteotomy) to correct occlusal cant, followed by orthomorphic surgery (extended lateral sliding genioplasty) 6 months later to correct the facial asymmetry and underdevelopment of the mandible. The combination of orthognathic and orthomorphic surgery successfully achieved functional and aesthetic goals by correcting the jaw deviation and restoring facial symmetry.
2007 daher tratamiento no quirurgico en un adulto con clase iiimarangelroque
This case report describes the nonsurgical treatment of a 43-year-old man with a Class III malocclusion. Treatment options included orthognathic surgery, nonextraction treatment, premolar extractions, and mandibular incisor extraction. The patient opted for nonsurgical treatment, which included maxillary expansion and extraction of a mandibular central incisor. Over 2 years of treatment with braces and a facemask, the crossbite was corrected and a good occlusion with normal overjet and overbite was achieved through advancement of the maxilla and retraction of the mandibular incisors.
Similar to Morphological changes of the facial skeleton (20)
Congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors is a frequent clinical challenge which must be solved by a multidisciplinary approach in order to obtain an
esthetic and functional restorative treatment. . Fixed prosthodontic and removable prostheses, resin bonded retainers, orthodontic movement of maxillary
canine to the lateral incisor site and single tooth implants represent the available treatment modalities to replace congenitally missing teeth. This case report
demonstrates the team approach in prosthetic and surgical considerations and techniques for managing the lack of lateral incisors. The aims of this case
report of replacement of bilaterally congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors with dental implants.
Aesthetic Management of Fractured Anteriors: A Case ReportAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Introduction: Coronal fracture of anterior teeth is an important topic for esthetic dentistry. Such fractures may jeopardize esthetics, function, tissue biology
and occlusal physiology, thus endangering tooth vitality and integrity. Coronal fractures resulting from dental trauma most frequently occur to the maxillary
anterior teeth of adolescents and less frequently to mandibular teeth. Adult teeth may also suffer traumatic fracture, although less frequently than for
adolescents.
Case Report: In our case, an economical and time-saving novel technique has been described for direct composite restoration in a young patient with
uncomplicated fractured maxillary anterior tooth.
Conclusion: As restoring a fractured tooth is a complex procedure, this technique can prove as a simple, effective and appropriate technique that will fulfill all
the requirements of dental personnel. This technique can also prove to be easy for inexperienced beginner clinicians without requiring special skills in
providing the patients with direct composite restorations.
Impacted Maxillary Central Incisors: Surgical Exposure and Orthodontic Treat...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
The maxillary permanent central incisor develops early in life and forms part of an aesthetic smile. Disruption of the formation or eruption of the permanent
central incisor has multiple etiological factors. Treatment options depend to some extent on the cause of failure of eruption of the central incisor. Generally,
the earlier treatment is provided, the higher the likelihood of success and the less the complexity. Our results suggest that close monitoring and interdisciplinary
cooperation during the treatment phases led to a successful esthetic result, with good periodontal health and functional occlusion.
Excess of space in the dental arch is diagnosed as a
generalised spacing or a local divergence, often
observed in the maxillary anterior region, as a median
diastema, traumatic loss of central incisors, or
congenital absence of lateral incisors. Furthermore,
spacing is observed in aging individuals, due to
pathological migration of teeth caused by
periodontitis. Finally, adult individuals with partial
edentulous jaws demand pre-prosthetic orthodontic
treatment from functional aspects. Thus, indication for
orthodontic treatment in subjects with spacing of teeth
exists for aesthetic reasons, but also for facilitating
prosthetic restorations with optimal occlusalstability.
Dental implants represent one of the most successful treatment modalities in dentistry.
However, failures do occur in the range from 5 to 8% for routine procedures and up to 20% in major grafting
cases after at least 5 years of function . The majority of implant losses may be explained as biomechanically
induced failures, since low primary implant stability, low bone density, short implants and overload have been
identified as risk factors . Hence, achievement and maintenance of implant stability are pre-conditions for a
successful clinical outcome with dental implants.
The review focuses on different methods used to assess implant stability and recent advances in this field.
This document provides guidance on how to write and publish a scientific paper in 3 steps:
1. Plan adequate time for writing a high-quality paper that will be accepted for publication. Previous studies show lack of time is the top reason papers are not published.
2. Carefully review the instructions for authors on the target journal's website and adhere strictly to formatting requirements. Ignoring guidelines is a common reason for rejection.
3. The paper should have key sections - an informative abstract, introduction establishing the study's purpose and novelty, thorough methods section, clear results, and conclusions tying it all together. Following best practices increases the chances of successful publication.
Aesthetic Management of Fractured Anteriors: A Case ReportAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Introduction: Coronal fracture of anterior teeth is an important topic for esthetic dentistry. Such fractures may jeopardize esthetics, function, tissue biology
and occlusal physiology, thus endangering tooth vitality and integrity. Coronal fractures resulting from dental trauma most frequently occur to the maxillary
anterior teeth of adolescents and less frequently to mandibular teeth. Adult teeth may also suffer traumatic fracture, although less frequently than for
adolescents.
Case Report: In our case, an economical and time-saving novel technique has been described for direct composite restoration in a young patient with
uncomplicated fractured maxillary anterior tooth.
Conclusion: As restoring a fractured tooth is a complex procedure, this technique can prove as a simple, effective and appropriate technique that will fulfill all
the requirements of dental personnel. This technique can also prove to be easy for inexperienced beginner clinicians without requiring special skills in
providing the patients with direct composite restorations
Orthodontic tooth movement is basically a biologic response towards a mechanical force. Osteoclast and osteoblast cells mediate bone resorption and apposition, which eventually produces tooth movement. Researches showed that the rate of orthodontic tooth movement can be altered by certain drugs locally or systemically. The Objective of this article is to discuss the current data concerning the effect of drugs on orthodontic tooth movement.
Multidisciplinary Approach in the Rehabilitation of Congenitally Maxillary C...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Objective: This case report describes the multidisciplinary
approach to treat a congenitally missed maxillary canine, how to
improve patient’s smile using orthodontic fixed appliance, endosseous
dental implant, and porcelain veneer to achieve the treatment results of
function and esthetic.
Materials and procedures: Unilateral agenesis of the permanent
maxillary canines in healthy individuals is extremely rare. This
paper presents the case of a female patient diagnosed with congenital
unilateral agenesis of the permanent maxillary canines as well as
occlusal abnormalities in the form of left-side crossbite. To restore the
proper aesthetics and function, interdisciplinary therapeutic treatment
was implemented. In the case presented in this paper, the aim of
oral rehabilitation was to restore a functional balance by obtaining
proper skeletal relationships, creating optimal occlusal conditions and
obtaining arch continuity.
Conclusion: Interdisciplinary treatment combined of orthodontics,
implant surgery, and prosthodontics was useful to treat a nonsyndromic
oligodontia patient. Especially, with the new strategy, implantanchored
orthodontics, which can facilitate the treatmentand make it
more simply with greater predictability.
The multifactorial factors influenc cleft Lip-literature review Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Congenital cleft-Lip and cleft palate have been the subject of many genetic
studies, but until recently there has been no consensus as to their modes of
inheritance. In fact, claims have been made for just about every genetic
mechanism one can think of. Recently, however, evidence has been
accumulating that favors a multifactorial basis for these malformations. The
purpose of the present paper is to present the etiology of cleft lip and cleft palate
both the genetic and the environmental factors. It is suggested that the genetic
basis for diverse kinds of common or uncommon congenital malformations may
very well be homogeneous, whilst, at the same, the environmental basis is
heterogeneous.
Dental implants represent one of the most successful treatment modalities in dentistry.
However, failures do occur in the range from 5 to 8% for routine procedures and up to 20% in major grafting cases after at least 5 years of function . The majority of implant losses may be explained as biomechanically induced failures, since low primary implant stability, low bone density, short implants and overload have been identified as risk factors . Hence, achievement and maintenance of implant stability are pre-conditions for a successful clinical outcome with dental implants.
The review focuses on different methods used to assess implant stability and recent advances in this field
Over time, progressively shorter implants have been placed such that short implants are now available that are less than 6 mm in length. The viability and high success rates seen with short implants can be explained by osseointegration, the macro geometric design of the implant, as well as physics and the distribution of forces. This paper was aimed to review the stability and survival rate of short implants under functional loads. Numerical and clinical studies were reviewed. Keywords: Short dental implants, sinus augmentation, factors affecting bone regeneration in dental implantology
Porcelain laminate veneers are among the most esthetic means of creating a more pleasing and beautiful smile. Porcelain veneers within reason allow for the alteration of tooth position, shape, size and color. They require a minimal amount of tooth preparation, approximately 0.5 mm to 0.7mm of surface enamel reduction. This study describes the use of ceramic veneers without tooth wear, reinforcing the concept that minimally invasive porcelain laminate veneers could become versatile and conservative allies in the fi eld of esthetic dentistry. Keywords: Ceramics, dentin-bonding agents, esthetics
Immediate Restoration of Single Implants Replacing Lateral Incisor Compromis...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Today, the diagnosis of internal root resorption is significantly improved by the three-dimensional imaging. Furthermore, the CBCT’s superior diagnosis accuracy resulted in an improved management of the resorptive defects and a better outcome of Implant therapy of teeth with internal resorption.Implant has become a wide option to maintain periodontal architecture. Diagnosis and treatment planning is the key factors in achieving the successful outcomes after placing and restoring implants placed immediately after tooth extraction. The purpose of this clinical update is to report on the success and survival of Immediate restoration of single implants replacing right lateral incisor compromised by internal resorption.
Immediate Implant Placement And Restoration With Natural Tooth In The Maxilla...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Anterior tooth loss and restoration in the esthetic zone is a common challenge in dentistry today. The prominent visibility of the area can be especially distressing to the patient and requires a timely and esthetically pleasing solution. Immediate single-tooth implantation followed by immediate provisionalization is becoming an increasingly desirable treatment that offers numerous benefits over conventional delayed loading. Provisionalization for immediately-placed implants using the patient’s existing tooth can enhance the final aesthetic outcome if certain steps are
followed. If the natural tooth is intact and can be used as a provisional, the emergence profile can be very similar to the preoperative condition. This article outlines a technique to use the patient’s natural tooth after extraction to provisionalize an implant.
Clinical Management of Bilateral Impacted Maxillary CaninesAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Introduction: Impaction of maxillary canines is a frequently encountered clinical problem in orthodontic therapy. When a preventive
approach fails, treatment involves surgical exposure of the impacted tooth, followed by orthodontic traction to guide and align it into the
dental arch. The aim of the present report was to demonstrate by case reports of an adult patient with bilateral impacted maxillary canines
treated with surgical exposure and orthodontic treatment.
Material and Methods: A 15year-old female with various degrees of bilateral palatal impaction of maxillary canines were managed
by the described technique.
Results and Discussion: Autonomous eruption of the impacted canines after surgical uncovering was witnessed in all patients
without the need for application of a vertical orthodontic force for their extrusion.
Conclusion: The described method of surgical uncovering and autonomous eruption created conditions for biological eruption of the
palatally impacted canines into the oral cavity and facilitated considerably the subsequent orthodontic treatment for their proper alignment
in the dental arch.
Keywords: Impacted canines; Surgical; Tooth exposure; Orthodontic treatment
“One-Piece” Immediate-Load Post-Extraction Implant In Maxillary Central IncisorAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Abstract: This case report describes extraction of a fractured left maxillary central incisor tooth, followed by immediate placement of an one-piece implant in the prepared socket and temporization by a bonded restoration.
Materials And Methods: The tooth was extracted with minimal hard and soft tissue trauma and without flap reflection. The socket was prepared to the required depth and a Implant was inserted.
Results: The atraumatic operating technique and the immediate insertion of the one-piece Implant resulted in the preservation of the hard and soft tissues at the extraction site.
Conclusion: The “One-piece” dental implant and provisional restoration provided the patient with immediate esthetics, function, comfort and most importantly preservation of tissues. The one-piece implant design resulted in a high cumulative implant survival rate and beneficial marginal bone levels.
Single Visit Replacement of Central Maxillary Using Fiber-Reinforced Composi...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Fiber reinforced composites are high strength filling materials composed of conventional composites and glass fibres. They exhibit extensive applications in different fields of dentistry. This clinical report present a case where FRC technology was successfully used to restore central maxillary incisor edentulous area in terms of esthetic-cosmetic values and functionality.
Zirconium Dental Implants And Crown for Congenitally Missing Maxillary Latera...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Zirconia implants were familiarized into dental implantology. Zirconia appears
to be an appropriate implant material due to its low plaque affinity, tooth like color, biocompatibility and mechanical properties. The following a case presentations will show how the acid-etched zirconia Implant can be used to functionally and aesthetically replace congenitally missing left lateral incisor tooth germ in the maxilla, and achieve optimal soft tissues and health.
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7shruti jagirdar
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis - Pathogenesis , Clinical Features & Manage...Jim Jacob Roy
In this presentation , SBP ( spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ) , which is a common complication in patients with cirrhosis and ascites is described in detail.
The reference for this presentation is Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Textbook ( 11th edition ).
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/RvdYsTzgQq8
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/ECILGWtgZko
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and SynonymsPlanet Ayurveda
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
The Children are very vulnerable to get affected with respiratory disease.
In our country, the respiratory Disease conditions are consider as major cause for mortality and Morbidity in Child.
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
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Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort.
Pictorial and detailed description of patellar instability with sign and symptoms and how to diagnose , what investigations you should go with and how to approach with treatment options . I have presented this slide in my 2nd year junior residency in orthopedics at LLRM medical college Meerut and got good reviews for it
After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Morphological changes of the facial skeleton
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APOS Trends in Orthodontics | September 2014 | Vol 4 | Issue 5 1
Address for Correspondence:
Dana Feştilă, Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “I.Haţieganu”, Cluj-Napoca
N.Titulescu Street, no. 147, sc.IV, apt.33, 400 407 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 0040 722 286146, E-mail: dana.festila@gmail.com
AQ4
Morphological changes of the facial skeleton
in class II/1 patients treated with orthodontic
functional appliances
Dana Feştila, Mircea Ghergie,
Nezar Watted1
,
Muhamad Abu-Hussein2
Department of Orthodontic,
University of Medicine
and Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu”,
Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 1
Arab
American University, Palestine,
2
Department of Pediatric Dentistry,
University of Athens, Greece
AQ1
AQ2
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate, using the lateral cephalometry, the skeletally
changes in maxillary bones induced through functional jaw orthopedic therapy.
30 patients with class II division 1 malocclusion and average age of 10.4 years old were
included in the study. Cephalometric data were analyzed with the following methods:
Burstone, McNamara, Rickets, Tweed and Wits and treatment changes were evaluated
overlapping the lateral cephalograms on cranial base with sella registered. The results
showed reduced over-jet in average with 2.46 mm, mandibular advancement with a mean
value of 2.72 mm and increasing of the total mandibular length with a mean value of
4.17 mm. Although we found an inhibiting in the anterior development of the maxilla
with an average of 1.57 degree, the decrease of the anterior-posterior discrepancy was
due especially to the mandible. It can be concluded that functional appliances were
effective in correcting class II malocclusion. Changes of the position and mandible’s
length determined improved facial profile but did not correct it completely because of
the chin that moved not only anterior but also downward, as a result of vertical ramus
growth.
Key words: Facial skeleton, mandibular length, mandibular advancement, functional
orthopaedics
AQ3
INTRODUCTION
Class II malocclusion is the result of the multiple dental
and skeletal combinations between mandible and maxilla.
Class II division 1 malocclusion can be produced by the
protrusion of the upper incisors whereas osseous whereas
maxillary basis are in a normal relationship, mandibular
deficiency with normal dental position or posterior rotation
of the mandible due to vertical growing excess of the
maxilla.[1,2]
The name “functional jaw orthopaedic — appliance” is
referring to a variety of constructions [Figures 1 and 2],
all with the same goal: To change the horizontal,
vertical and transversal position of the mandible and
to produce orthopedic and orthodontic modifications.
In fact, Class II/1 functional treatment stimulates
anterior mandibular growth, inhibits the anterior
development of the maxilla and produces dental and
alveolar changes.
The construction bit-synonymous terms are work — bits
or function bit-is necessary to register the desired
intermaxillary relationship in three — dimensions. In
other words, the construction bit indicates the therapeutic
position of the mandible, to which the appliances will be
fabricated [Figures 3, 4a-d and 5a-d].[3]
Functional jaw orthopedic appliances are designed
to take advantage of appliance-induced changes in
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Original Article
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muscle activity and occlusal functioning rather than
extrinsic mechanical forces in the correction of
dentofacial malrelationships. Proper application of
muscle derived forces can guide and influence the
growth of stomatognathic system. The essential factors
in achieving morphologic changes are muscle-derived,
appliance-induced force application and the restraining
of muscle activity. These orthopedic devices are not
indicated primarily for the movement of individual teeth,
but are of particular value for the following problems:
Functional disturbances such as, malrelationships of
the jaw in the sagittal, vertical, or transverse dimension,
temporo - mandibular joint disturbances, for example,
following condylar fracture.
The aim of this study was to investigate, using the lateral
cephalometry, the skeletally changes in maxillary bones
induced through functional therapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The sample included 30 patients with class II division 1
malocclusion, 13 boys and 17 girls between 8 and 12.5
years old with an average of 10.4 years. The selection
criteria were chosen after those recommended by Bennet
in 2007.[4]
• Over-jet >11 mm
• Dental class II of at least half cusp in molars and
canines
• Aligned dental arches or light crowding
• Skeletal class II (Ao-Bo distance >2 mm)
• Hypo divergent or normal facial type
• Good compliance
• No previous orthodontic treatment
Clinical protocol
All the patients wore a functional appliance, in average,
2.3 years long [Table 1]. For each patient were traced two
lateral cephalograms, at the beginning and at the end of
treatment. The same person has taken these radiographs
Figure 1: Classic activator
Figure 2: Basic bionator
Figure 3: Illustration of force vectors when the construction bit positions
the mandible forward. A posteriorly directed force is applied to the
mandible through the musculature. Force is applied in a posterior
direction to the maxillary and in an anterior direction to the mandibular
teeth through the intermaxillary dentoalveolar support for the appliance
Figure 4: Facial and lateral views (a), distal occlusion (b),
orthopantomogramm (c) and cephalogramm in the centric relation (d)
at the beginning of treatment
AQ6
a b
c d
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after the Hillessund technique and we have scanned,
digitized and then analyzed them with Onyx Ceph.TM
2.7
(digital cephalometric imaging software, GmbbH) program
using the following methods: Burstone, McNamara,
Rickets, Tweed and Wits.[5]
Treatment changes were
evaluated overlapping the lateral cephalograms on cranial
basal plan with sella point registered and comparing the
values of the analyzed issues at the beginning and at the
end of treatment.
The variables used for the assessment of the skeletal facial
changes were:
Angular (◦):
• Skeletal profile convexity (N-A-Pog)
• Facial depth (NPog-POr)
• Maxilla depth (NA-POr)
• Facial axis (NBa-PtGn)
• Relationship of the maxilla to the cranial base
(SNA)
• Relationship of the mandible to the cranial base
(SNB)
• Relationship of the mandible to the maxilla and
to the cranial base (ANB).
Linear (mm):
• Wits appraisal (distance Ao-Bo)
• Horizontal ramus length (Go-Pg)
• Vertical ramus length (Ar-Go)
• Length of the maxilla (ANS-PNS)
• Anterior-posterior position of the mandible (N-B,
Pn-Pog)
• Total length of the maxilla related to the mandible
(Co-A)
• Total length of the mandible (Co-Gn)
• Maxilla-mandible difference (Max-Mandib)
• Anterior-posterior position of the maxilla (Pn-A)
• Skeletal profile convexity (A-NPog).
The reason for using this large variety of variables
belonging to different interpretation methods was to
compensate the deficiency of some methods with more
information given by others. As for any others anomalies,
in Class II/1, skeletal changes might be hidden by dental-
alveolar compensations, too. That is why, in some cases,
for a single modification, were analyzed more variables.
Statistical data analysis was done with homoscedastic
Student,
s t-test, which compares two clinical situations
with standard-ideal values considered to be characteristic
for a control group. The significance of the values was
determined by three levels of reliance: 0.05 (*), 0.01(**)
and 0.001 (***).
RESULTS
The results of this study are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
Facial profile convexity angle (N-A-Pog) decreased with
a mean value of 1.79 degree (P 0.05). The same linear
variable (mm) decreased from 3.35 mm to 2.40 mm,
although not statistically significant. Facial depth angle,
the angle of the maxilla and facial axis angle increased not
statistically significant.
The maxilla oriented to posterior related to crane base,
SNA angle decreased from 82.33 to — 80.77, with a mean
value of 1.57 (P 0.05). The mandible advanced, SNB
angle increased from 75.40 to 77.93, with a mean value
of 2.72 (P 0.001); anterior-posterior discrepancy (ANB
angle, Ao-Bo distance) reduced from 6.93 to 2.29 with a
mean value of 4.07, from 3.70 mm to 1.64 mm with a mean
value of 2.46 mm (P 0.001) respectively. Mandibular
advancement was sustained also by the evolution of
Pn-Pog distance which decreased with a mean value of
3.43 mm (P 0.001) and N-B distance which decreased
with a mean score of 3.57 mm (P 0.001). On the other
hand, posterior orientation of the maxilla is contradicted
by the Pn-A distance which increased from −2.03 mm to
−0.17 mm (P 0.01). Even though, the evolution of this
variable might be considered favorable if it is related to
normal value (0-1 mm).
Regarding the mandible length it can be seen the
increased length of both, vertical and horizontal parts
Table 1: Age and gender distribution and total
treatment time
Treatment time Boys
(n = 13)
Girls
(n = 17)
Total
(n = 30)
Initial (T1) 10.2±1.3 10.5±1.4 10.4±1.3
Final (T2) 12.7±1.0 12.6±1.4 12.7±1.3
Total treatment
time (T2-T1)
2.5±0.9 2.1±0.6 2.3±0.7
Figure 5: Facial and lateral views (a), Class I occlusion (b),
orthopantomogramm (c) and cephalogramm in the centric relation (d)
at the end of treatmentAQ6
a b
c d
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APOS Trends in Orthodontics | September 2014 | Vol 4 | Issue 54
(the vertical one, Ar-Go, increased with a mean value of
2.44 mm and the horizontal ramous Go-Gn, increased
with a mean value of 2.52 mm) and total mandibular
length which is greater with 4.17 mm (mean value).
For all these variables, P 0.001. The length of the
maxilla measured along the spinal plan ANS-PNS is
greater at the end of treatment (2.94 mm, P 0.01)
too, and also related to the total mandibular length,
Co-A (4.07 mm, P 0.001). The difference between
the two bones remains about the same at the end of
functional treatment (0.03 mm could be considered
a statistically insignificant value). We can say that the
two bones were growing in parallel keeping the same
ratio under the treatment also.
Table 2: Comparison between variables before (T1) and after (T2) treatment
Parameters T1 SD1
T2 SD2
T2–T1 (Δ) SD Significance Significance level
Angulars
N-A-Pog (°) 7.52 7.66 5.73 7.19 −1.79 4.43 0.0354 *
NPog-POr (°) 86.15 3.18 86.60 1.42 0.45 2.86 0.3920 NS
NA-POr (°) 89.13 5.20 90.11 3.96 0.98 2.74 0.0599 NS
NBa-PtGn (°) 85.62 3.94 86.55 3.81 0.93 3.78 0.1880 NS
SNA (°) 82.33 4.22 80.77 2.99 −1.57 3.19 0.0118 *
SNB (°) 75.40 3.63 77.93 2.99 2.72 3.67 0.0003 ***
ANB (°) 6.93 2.63 2.29 2.58 −4.07 3.29 0.0000 ***
Linears
A-B (mm) 3.70 1.56 1.64 2.08 −2.46 1.78 0.0000 ***
Go-Pog (mm) 64.65 5.59 67.16 5.09 2.52 2.32 0.0000 ***
Ar-Go (mm) 37.86 4.52 40.30 4.36 2.44 2.96 0.0001 ***
ANS-PNS (mm) 48.03 4.56 50.96 2.78 2.94 4.58 0.0015 **
N-B (mm) −12.15 5.16 −8.61 3.54 3.57 3.75 0.0000 ***
Cond-A (mm) 75.93 3.31 80.00 1.55 4.07 3.81 0.0000 ***
Cond-Gn (mm) 95.33 4.38 99.50 4.08 4.17 2.94 0.0000 ***
Max-Mand (mm) 19.47 2.90 19.50 4.17 0.03 2.81 0.9486 NS
Pn-A (mm) −2.03 4.48 −0.17 3.07 1.93 3.01 0.0015 **
Pn-Pog (mm) −8.53 5.05 −5.10 2.90 3.43 4.45 0.0002 ***
A-NPog (mm) 3.35 4.97 2.40 2.68 −0.95 3.62 0.1615 NS
SD – Standard deviation; NS – Nonsignificant
Table 3: Comparison between final values (T2) and standard values
Parameters T2 Standard values Significance Significance level
Mean SD Mean SD
Angulars
N-A-Pog (°) 5.73 7.19 2.6 9.31 0.1574 NS
NPog-Por (°) 86.60 1.42 87 5.48 0.7049 NS
NA-Por (°) 90.11 3.96 90 5.48 0.9326 NS
NBa-PtG (º) 86.55 3.81 90 6.39 0.0155 *
SNA (º) 80.77 2.99 82 3.65 0.1647 NS
SNB (º) 77.93 2.99 80 3.65 0.0218 *
ANB (º) 2.29 2.58 3 3.65 0.3957 NS
Linears
A-B (mm) 1.64 2.08 −0.4 4.56 0.0329 *
Go-Pog (mm) 67.16 5.09 74.3 10.59 0.0018 **
Ar-Go 40.30 4.36 46.8 4.56 0.0000 ***
ANS-PNS (mm) 50.96 2.78 52.6 6.39 0.2109 NS
N-B (mm) −8.61 3.54 −6.9 7.85 0.2894 NS
Cond-A (mm) 80.00 1.55 — — — —
Cond-Gn (mm) 99.50 4.08 98.5 2.74 0.2779 NS
Max-Mand (mm) 19.50 4.17 18.5 2.74 0.2846 NS
Pn-A (mm) −0.17 3.07 0.4 4.20 0.5599 NS
Pn-Pog (mm) −5.10 2.90 −1.8 8.22 0.0460 *
A-Npog (mm) 2.40 2.68 2 3.65 0.6364 NS
NS – Nonsignificant
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The skeletal variables that have reached ideal values at the
end of treatment (P 0.05) were:
a. Those that describe the anterior-posterior position of
the mandible (SNB, ANB angles, Ao-Bo, Pn-Pog, N-B
distances) and its total length (Co-Gn).
b. Those that describe the skeletal profile convexity
(A-NPog).
DISCUSSION
The necessity of orthodontic treatment in Class II/1
cases is absolutely because dental and facial appearance
is worsening with growth and there is no tendency
for spontaneously correction even in the presence of
horizontal growth vector.[6]
Appropriate treatment timing
guarantee orthopedically changes capable to reduce the
anterior-posterior discrepancy by modifying the mandible
position and not through dental camouflage.
The main skeletal change that results from our study is
mandibularadvancement.Nevertheless,this“advancement”
is not only due to changes in mandible’s position but also
to an increase in horizontal and vertical ramus length as well
as to an increase in the total mandible’s length. A similar
observation was made by Pangrazio-Kulbersh et al.[7]
Guney
and Ackam have obtained similar results with ours in a
lot of Class II/1 turk patients treated with a conventional
activator, total mandibular length in their study being
4.8 mm compared with our value of 4.17 mm.[8]
After 3.8 years of study on a lot of 23 Class II untreated
patients, Baccetti et al.have reported that under the influence
of normal growth, the length of the mandible is changing
with 0 to 1.2 mm.[9]
A previous study, 14.5 months long,
on Brazilian Class II untreated subjects of Gomes and
Lima, has reported an annual growth rate of 2.16 mm for
the horizontal ramus, 3.16 mm for the vertical ramus and
4.31 mm for the total mandibular length.[10]
Comparing our
study with those from Baccetti and Guney, we can conclude
that functional treatment induces a supplementary growth
of the mandible. From Gomez and Lima side aspect, there
are no differences between the amount of growth induced
by functional therapy and normal growth. The differences
could occur because of ethnical individual variations.
Therefore, mandibular advancement could be the result
of two processes: Increasing in length and anterior
displacement, as a result of temporo-mandibular joint
remodeling [Figure 6]. This observation of our study is
in accordance with those of Jones, Pangrazio-Kulbersch,
Mills, McNamara senior, Birkebaek, Woodside, Arat and
Chen.[1,7, 11-17]
There are also other theories: Johnston and
Livieratos say that functional appliances do not produce
a supplementary mandibular growth, only accelerate that
already existing,[18,19]
and Pancherz, Wieslander, Vargevick
and Harvold, Paulsen and Ruf state that functional
therapy helps the mandible to express its genetic growth
potential through anterior repositioning.[20-24]
This position
could stimulate condylar growth.[25]
The fourth category,
represented by Gianelly, Andria, Schulhof et al. say that there
is no difference between mandibular changes produced by
functional therapy and those produced by normal growth
or Class II conventional edgewise treatment.[26-28]
Although the length of the maxilla increased probably
as result of normal growth, decreased value of the SNA
angle at the end of treatment demonstrates the inhibition
in anterior development of the maxilla and posterior
repositioning from cranial base. This is the so-called
“head-gear effect” of the functional appliances, referred
to many studies belonging to Owen, Hotz, Mills, Harvold,
Pancherz, Macey-Dare, Collet and Marçan.[29-37]
Taking
into account that in our study variation in SNB angle is
greater than in SNA and the maxilla-mandible difference
remains the same during treatment, we can consider that
the horizontal discrepancy correction between the maxilla
and the mandible is mainly due to the mandible. This
result is in accord with the conclusion of a meta-analyses
study of Antonarakis and Kiliarides which states that
functional orthopedic treatment effects are more obvious
in the mandible except the cases treated with twin-block
or associated head-gear which show modifications in both,
maxilla and mandible.[38]
Even the mandible changed its position and length, these
are not totally reflected in osseous chin advancement,
probably because consequently increasing of the facial
height as a result of increased vertical ramus length. This
aspect is mentioned in literature by Toth and McNamara
jr., Livieratos and Lai.[19,39]
Although point pogonion (Pog)
translated anterior, at the end of treatment it is located
Figure 6: Temporo-mandibular joint remodeling
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APOS Trends in Orthodontics | September 2014 | Vol 4 | Issue 56
at 5.10 mm posterior from the perpendicular through
nasion point (N) on Frankfurt plan, too much compared
with ideal mean value of 1.80 mm behind this plan. Due
to this, the convexity of the facial skeletal profile was not
completely reduced.
Chin advancement was confirmed by the decreased
distance from B point to the same reference line and the
increased value of SNB angle. Three randomized clinical
trials of Tulloch, Ghafari, Keeling et al. have proven the
correction of chin position because of the anterior moving
of point B.[40-42]
CONCLUSIONS
As a result of the functional treatment important changes
in the facial skeletal compartment took place. Functional
orthopedic treatment produced mandible’s advancement .
Functional appliances induced an increase in mandible’s
length, in both horizontal and vertical ramous and also in
the total dimension.
Changes of the position and mandible’s length determined
improved facial profile but did not correct it completely
because of the chin that moved not only anterior but also
downward, as a result of vertical ramus growth. Although
we found an inhibiting in the anterior development of the
maxilla, the decrease of the anterior-posterior discrepancy
was due especially to the mandible.
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APOS Trends in Orthodontics | September 2014 | Vol 4 | Issue 5 7
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