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The document describes the stratification and zones of biomes based on light availability and depth. It discusses the littoral, limnetic, porfundal, and benthetic zones, and limiting factors like zooplankton grazing, phosphorus amounts, oxygen availability, nutrients, light availability, temperature, and salinity. It also discusses how wetland plants and animals have adapted to saturated, moist environments through examples of hydrophytic plants and common wetland species.
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The document defines and describes desert ecosystems. Deserts are defined as areas with very little rainfall that have dry, sandy or rocky regions with sparse vegetation and extreme temperatures. There are two main types - hot deserts that have high year-round temperatures and cold deserts that have hot summers and very cold winters. The food webs in both hot and cold deserts are simple with plants, insects, small reptiles and mammals at lower trophic levels and snakes, lizards and birds at higher levels. Plants and animals in deserts have adaptations for storing water and reducing water loss.
Aquatic biomes
This document summarizes the major water biomes on Earth. It notes that 75% of the Earth's surface is covered by water and that most of the biosphere consists of aquatic ecosystems. It then describes the main zones of both freshwater and saltwater environments, including photic and aphotic zones, benthic zones, categories of freshwater (rivers, lakes, wetlands), coastal wetlands, estuaries, and marine zones. It provides examples of characteristic organisms found in each biome.
biomes.......wild life
manzoor nabi
from ganderbal srinagar kmr
course:- forestry
in mewar university rajasthan
ph.. 09982826606
Bae 495r Wetland Ecology
Wetlands are areas where water covers the soil or is present near the surface for all or part of the year. They support both aquatic and terrestrial species through specialized plants and soils adapted to saturated conditions. Wetlands include marshes, swamps, bogs, and vernal pools, which provide habitat and act as natural filters and sponges to absorb floodwaters and recharge groundwater supplies, serving crucial nursery functions for many species.
Aquaculture
This document provides an overview of aquatic ecosystems and considerations for designing and maintaining ponds and other small bodies of water. It discusses key factors that determine the plant and animal life in aquatic environments, including nutrient content, depth, light penetration, and acidity. Optimal conditions for biodiversity are described as having good nutrient levels to support primary producers, balanced phytoplankton levels, sufficient depth for underwater plant growth, and moderate pH. Specific designs are presented, like chinampas and aquaponics, and uses for common aquatic plants and animals are outlined. The document aims to educate on creating sustainable aquatic habitats.
4.4 -- BIO
The document defines biomes as major terrestrial ecosystems classified based on regional climate. It describes the key abiotic and biotic factors that characterize several major biomes including tropical rainforests, tropical dry forests, tropical grasslands/savannas, deserts, temperate grasslands, temperate woodlands/shrublands, temperate forests, northwestern coniferous forests, boreal forests, and tundra. Each biome is defined in terms of its climate, soil, characteristic plant and animal life, and adaptations required to survive within the biome.
The world biomes
This presentation summarizes the major concepts of Tropical Rain Forests, Temperate Deciduous Forests, Boreal Forest, Tropical Savanna, Steppe, Chaparral and Prairie. It gives much emphasis on the characteristics and examples using clear definitions.
8. Simple Organism Notes
The document outlines key details about four kingdoms - Monera, Protista, Fungi, and Plantae. It describes their defining characteristics such as being prokaryotic or eukaryotic, autotrophic or heterotrophic, and whether they are photosynthetic. Specific examples are provided for each kingdom, such as bacteria and cyanobacteria for Monera, unicellular algae and protozoans for Protista, decomposer fungi for Fungi, and seagrasses and salt tolerant plants for Plantae.
Mangrove ecosystem
Mangrove ecosystems are found in tropical and subtropical coastal regions around the world. Mangroves are trees and shrubs that have adapted to grow in saline coastal habitats. They play an important role in buffering coastlines from storms and reducing erosion. However, mangroves are increasingly threatened by human development and destruction of coastal habitats. When mangroves are cut down or degraded, it damages the complex coastal ecosystem and removes natural protections for the shoreline.
wetland
Wetlands are areas of land where water covers the soil for most or all of the time. They provide flood control, improve water quality by filtering pollutants, and serve as important habitats. There are four main types of wetlands: marshes with shallow water and grassy plants, swamps with deeper water and woody trees and shrubs, and bogs and fens which are freshwater peatlands. Wetlands play key roles in flood control, coastal protection, groundwater recharge, sediment trapping, and intercepting pollution.
Biomes
This document defines and describes different biomes, including terrestrial biomes like tundra, taiga, desert, grassland, temperate forest, and tropical rainforest as well as aquatic biomes like marine environments with photic and aphotic zones, estuaries, and freshwater biomes. It provides details on characteristic climate, plants, soils, and common animal species for each biome.
Biome presentation
The document summarizes several major biomes of the world, including tropical rainforests, temperate deciduous forests, taiga, savannas, steppe, prairies, chaparral, deserts, tundra, and freshwater ecosystems. For each biome, it describes location, abiotic factors, characteristic plants and their adaptations, characteristic animals and their adaptations, and threats facing each biome.
The biosphere and animal distribution
animal distribution is directly related with the environmental changes. These changes affect the over all life cycle of the animal. This further leads to adaptation in the organisum
Affects of Tobacco Cultivation on Biodiversity
The document discusses a research project investigating the impacts of tobacco cultivation on biodiversity. Random sampling was conducted at tobacco field locations in different areas using 1m x 1m quadrants. Insects and other species within the quadrants were identified and counted. The results found varying levels of biodiversity across locations, with some areas showing high numbers of pollinator species like bees and butterflies near water sources and vegetation, while other dry, exposed areas showed lower diversity. The analysis indicates that tobacco cultivation can both positively and negatively impact local ecosystems, depending on how it alters the environment and habitat. Maintaining surrounding vegetation and irrigation is important for supporting biodiversity.
Range management 1.1
This document provides information about range management, including definitions of key terms like rangeland, forage, and browsing. It describes the major types of rangelands around the world, such as prairies, grasslands, steppes, and deserts. Examples are given of each type along with their characteristic vegetation. The document also discusses goods and services provided by rangelands, such as habitat for wildlife and plants, water, recreation, and grazing land for livestock industries.
Unit 10 ecosystems biomes and biospheres
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology including the biosphere, biomes, ecosystems, and nutrient cycles. It defines important terminology like community, biome, abiotic and biotic components. It describes the major biomes like tundra, grasslands, forests and aquatic biomes. It explains how ecosystems are structured, including producers, consumers, and decomposers. Energy flows through ecosystems in food chains and webs. Nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, and water cycle through the biosphere and are reused by organisms.
Major ecosystem
Types, structure, characteristics and components of of major ecosystem, Classification of ecosystem, Forest ecosystem, Grass ecosystem, Dessert ecosystem, Salt water ecosystem
Biomes of an Ecosystem
This document summarizes several major biomes: deserts, tundra, freshwater ecosystems like lakes and ponds, wetlands, rivers, estuaries, coral reefs, oceans, and polar regions. Each biome is characterized by its abiotic factors like temperature, precipitation, and salinity. Organisms in each biome have adaptations to survive, such as cacti with spines in deserts and polar bears with thick fur. However, human impacts threaten all of these ecosystems through pollution, development, tourism, and overexploitation.
Unit 4 ecosystems biomes and biospheres
The document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology including the biosphere, biomes, ecosystems, and nutrient cycles. It defines important terminology like community, biome, abiotic and biotic components. It describes the major biomes like tundra, grasslands, forests and aquatic biomes. It explains the abiotic factors that influence organisms like temperature, water, light and soil. It outlines the biotic components including producers, consumers and decomposers. It discusses energy flow through ecosystems in food chains, webs and pyramids. It also summarizes important nutrient cycles like nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and water.