This document provides guidelines for citing references in APA style, including examples of how to format references for journal articles, websites, books, images, and in-text citations. Key information covered includes arranging references alphabetically, using hanging indents, and double-spacing the reference list. Examples are provided for different source types such as journal articles with and without DOIs, websites, books, and images. Guidance is also given for indirect quotes, works with no author, and quoting specific parts of sources in APA style.

1. Revised February 2018
APA STYLE
6th
edition
Reference List Examples
Arrange entries in alphabetical order by last name, use hanging indents, and double-space the entire
reference list. For additional information and examples not included here, please see the Publication
Manual in the library, go to www.apastyle.org, or APA Style Blog.
JournalArticles
(use doi if available; if no doi, use the URL of the journal)
Peachey, A. A., Wenos, J., & Baller, S. (2017). Trait emotional intelligence related to bullying in
elementary school children and to victimization in boys. OTJR: occupation, participation
and health, 37(4), 178-187. doi: 10.1177/1539449217715859
Doran, K. M., & Kirley, K. R. (2008). Developing a novel poverty in healthcare curriculum for
medical students. Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of Medical Colleges,
83(1), 5-13. Retrieved from http://www.aamc.org/
Websites
Basically, provide the following four pieces of information:
Author, A. (date). Title of document. Retrieved from http://xxxxxxxxx
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017, November 27). Article highlights: the guide to
community preventive services and disability inclusion. Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/features/preventive-services-and-
disability-inclusion.html
When there is no author for a web page, the title moves to the first position of the reference entry:
APA formatting and style guide. (2016, May 13). Retrieved from
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
Books
American Psychiatric Association. (2013).
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Arlington, VA: American
Psychiatric Association. doi: 10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
Beckman, H. J. (2006). Arterial doppler ultrasound. In J. L. Longe (Ed.), The Gale encyclopedia
of nursing and allied health (pp.46-51). Detroit: Thomson Gale.
Images
Applewhite, J. S. (2009). Dr. Francis Collins. Retrieved from http://www.apaimages.com
Point of Care Tools
Williams, J., & Nieuwsma, J. (2016). Screening for depression in adults. In J. A.
Melin (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved February 1, 2017,
from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/screening-for-depression-in-adults

2. Revised February 2018
In-Text Examples
References in APA style are cited in the text with an author-date citation system. Each reference cited in
the text must appear in the reference list and each entry in the reference list must appear in the text.
Exceptions to this rule include references to classical works such as the Bible, entire websites, and
personal communications which need not appear in the reference list.
One work by single author
Raish (2003) argues that information literacy is an essential skill set for 21st century survival.
This point has been argued before (Raish, 2003).
One work by two or more authors
See section 6.12 of the manual for guidance on works with more than two authors.
Others, like Kirsch and Yamamoto (2004) hold an opposite point of view.
Others hold an opposite point of view (Kirsch & Yamamoto, 2004).
Quotes & Specific parts of a source
See section 6.05 for more guidance
Because, as Fox notes, “Patients can’t follow directions they don’t understand” (2003, p.9).
“Empirical studies have found mixed results on the efficacy of labels in educating consumers and
changing consumptive behavior” (Golan, Kuchler, & Krissof, 2007, para. 4).
Works or websites with no author or with an anonymousauthor
When a work has no identified author, cite in text the first few words of the reference list entry (usually the
title) and the year. Use double quotation marks around the title of an article, chapter or web page and
italicize the title of a periodical, book, or report.
Therapists who can speak their patients’ native language (“Culturally Appropriate,” 1997)
. . . as mentioned in Jobs for Graduates (2008).
Indirectquotes
If you use a source that was cited in another source, name the original source in your signal
phrase. List the secondary source in your reference list and include the secondary source in the
parentheses.
Johnson argued that... (as cited in Smith, 2003, p. 102).
In this case, Johnson made the argument and Smith wrote about Johnson’s argument in his
book. Your reader would find Smith cited in your References at the end of your paper.