This document provides information for a final project on India. It includes a map of major Indian cities and landmarks. Descriptions are given for landmarks like the Taj Mahal, Mysore Palace, India Gate, Golden Temple, and Qutab Minar. Information is also provided on New Delhi's history, urban model, when to travel, transportation, accommodations, costs, population, demographics, government, economy, agriculture, environmental issues, art, music, traditional dress, famous people, and works cited.

1. AP Human Geography
Final Project
By: Claudia Opper

3. Map of India
 Click here to see the map shown below more clearly
and to interact with the pinpointed locations
A-W are major cities
X-Z and a-c are landmarks

4. Landmarks
The Taj Mahal was built in Agra in
1632 by Mughal Emperor Shah
Jahan to be the tomb for his wife
and children. It is considered the
greatest architecture in Indo-Islamic
culture. achievement
Mysore Palace (in Mysore, India)
contains two meeting halls of the
royal court. Additionally, it serves
as the home for the royal Wadiyar
family of southern India.
Found in New Delhi, the India Gate
is a 42 meter tall structure that
stands as a memorial for the
70,000 Indian soldiers who died
while fighting for the British Army in
World War I.
The Golden Temple is found in
Amristar today is considered the
holiest place of worship for Sikhs. It
includes a sacred domed room, a
parliament building, and a museum,
which can all be explored by a
tourist.
Located in the capital city, New
Delhi, Qutab Minar was built by
Qutab-ud-din Aibak to celebrate
victory of Delhi's last reigning Hindu
ruler. It stand 73 meters tall.
In the Maharashtra State, the
Ajanta Caves contain Buddhist
sculptures and paintings. The
original caves were adorned in the
2nd and 1st centuries B.C. More
decorated caves were added
during the Gupta period.

5. New Delhi
 Has been ruled by both Hindu Kings and Muslim
Sultans
 Seized by the British in 1803 C.E.
 British shifted capital from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911
 Officially declared Capital of India in 1947 when India
gained independence

6. New Delhi’s Urban Model
 Although New Delhi is India’s capital city, when
determining its urban model it’s necessary to look at
the region of Delhi as a whole.
 Delhi follows the Urban Realms Model due to each
region having its own political framework, but coming
together to create a large metro area.
 The central business district is located within
New Delhi, seeing that it’s the most urban.
The surrounding realms have been urbanized
to varying degrees.

7. When to Travel
 Between late October and mid-March
 This is after the monsoon season and before
temperatures get too high.
 I would travel during the month of November to avoid
the tourists traveling for December holidays while still
enjoying cool temperatures without too much rain.

8. Getting There
 Requirements/Necessities:
 Valid passport
 Tourist visa
 Vaccinations:
 Hepatitis A, Typhoid, Malaria, Rabies
 Arrive by plane
 Fly out of Raleigh’s airport (RDU) to New Delhi (DEL)
by way of British Airways. This flight only has one stop,
which is in London (LHR). It lasts approximately 21
hours. The return flight would use the same airports.

9. Staying There
 Important to avoid drinking water, even water that has
reportedly been filtered
 Will book hotels and restaurants in advance to make sure
they are in safe areas, have good reviews, and provide a
variety of experiences
 The hotels range in quality and price. Different levels of
luxury would be used throughout the trip.

10. Getting Around
 Auto rickshaws and taxis are the preferred method
and a cheap method of travel to use in cities.
 Trains can be used to travel far distances.
 By travelling by train, passengers avoid congested roads.
 However, they tend to be overcrowded and out-of-date.
 It’s is best to only use them for day trips.

11. Where to Go and What to
Do
 Explore places of historical significance in Delhi.
 Rajasthan is known for its shopping. Embroidery, painting, shoes,
and other crafts can be found by exploring this city.
 Learn about Bollywood and also the world’s biggest slum while in
Mumbai.
 Travel out to Goa to enjoy a relaxed beach portion of the vacation.
 See the Taj Mahal in Agra.
 Experience Indian religion by visiting the holy cities of Varanasi,
Rishikesh and McLeod Ganji.
 Trek through the wilderness while exploring Buddhist monasteries in
Ladakh.
 Take in the rich culture- everywhere!

12. Approximate Costs
 1 US Dollar is currently equivalent to 63.49 Indian
Rupee
 To fully experience the country I would be spending
approximately three weeks, which would give a grand
total of $5,700.
 Based off of the average of spending $200 per day for
lodging, food, and getting around as well as a $1,500
round trip.

13. Looking at India’s Social,
Cultural, and Economic
Aspects

14. Population
 As of July 2014, India had an estimated population of
1,236,344,631.
 Population growth rate is 1.25%
 The below population pyramid demonstrates the large
portion of youths
 Projected to be the most
populous country in the next
twenty-five years

15. Demographics
 Language
 The main language is Hindi,
being spoken by 41% of the
population. English is the
subsidiary official language,
which is used in political and
commercial matters.
 Religion
 Major religion is Hindu with
Muslim also being a prominent
choice of faith http://revisitingindia.com/2014/01/27/h
indi-english-or-nothing-politics-of-
indias-national-languages/
http://qph.is.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-
9d09a1f4591468e9d3a08779046bcf5
5?convert_to_webp=true

16. Demographics (cont’d.)
 Gender
 Many Indians still possess patriarchal ideas of home and work
 Leads to women having secondary status
 Quality of health care and education is lesser for females
 Common for women to be married young and become mothers
 Average age for first child is nineteen-years-old
 Females are treated unfairly legally especially in terms of
inheritance and divorce laws

17. Demographics (cont’d.)
 Literacy rates
 Have been growing over time
 71.2% of the population above
fifteen-years-old can read and
write
 81.3% of males
 60.6% of females
 Length of education expectancy
 12 years for males and 11 years
for females
 Money given to education
 3.8% of GDP
http://qph.is.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-
357753994cbd8e1a605b70ee2e3e0a14?convert_to_we
bp=true

18. Government
 Government type
 Federal republic with executive, legislative, and
judicial branches
 Composed of 29 states and 7 territories
 Legal system is based off of the English model,
using common law
 Separate laws apply to Hindus, Muslims, and
Christians
 Universal suffrage for those over 18-years-old
 Current head of state
 President Pranab Mukherjee (since July 22,
2012)
Above President
Mukherjee is pictured

19. Economy
 Currency- Rupee
 Currency exchange 1 USD: 63.49 Rupee
 GDP and GNP
 GDP (2014)- $1,499 per capita
 GNP (2013)- $5,350 per capita
 Major Economic Bases
 Petroleum products, precious stones, machinery, iron
and steel, chemical, vehicles, apparel
http://www.pppinindia.com/image
s/ap_bo_pic4.gif

20. Agriculture
 Ranked second in the world in farm output
 In 2007, 60% of the population was
employed in agriculture, but this
percentage is on the decline
 Dominant types of agriculture from the
region
 Subsistence, organic, and industrial
farming
 Major agricultural exports
 Largest producer of tea, turmeric, black
pepper, ginger, milk, and cashew nuts
 10% of the world’s fruit comes from
India
 Main fruits are bananas, mangoes, and
sapotas
http://www.fas.usda.gov/sites/default/files/2014
-09/india_1.png

21. Environmental Issues
 Growing population, lack of environmental education,
massive amounts of deforestation, and booming
industries lead to many environmental problems in
India
 Major litter problem
 Water
 Lack of access to fresh and/or clean water

22. Response to Environmental
Issues
 Turning to alternative energy sources
 Solar energy is becoming more and more popular
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Sources_of_electri
city_by_InstalledCapacity_2013.png

23. Art
Visual Art
 Historically, influenced by Alexander
the Great
 Project in Greek-style
sculptures
 Influenced by Islam conquerors
 Introduced iconoclasm
 Rangoli
 Form of street art used during
festivals
 Today, Ministry of Culture has
implemented programs to support
artists
 Painting
 Many museums display art
pieces
Music
 Always been an important
component of Indian culture
 Ever since simple melodies
were sung by hill tribes
 Commonly use string
instruments, wind instruments,
drums, and cymbals
 Gained prominence in popular
culture when used on the
Beatles’ album
 Western students began
listening to it
 Music is most commonly linked
with film
 Almost all movies fit into
the American musical
genre

24. Traditional art with Hindu influence
shown to the left along with a
classical Indian band shown above.
Click here to listen to classical Indian
music and here to listen to modern
Indian music from a Bollywood film.

25. Types of Food
 Since the country has such a range in climate and soil
type, there is a wide variety of cuisines based on what’s
locally available. Common components in cooking, though,
are spices and vegetables. The food tends to be rich in
color and flavor.
 Popular foods include:
 Aloos, khichdi, naan, bajji, koottu, pasyaam, vada, chevdo,
puri, rice and curries

26. Native Dress
 One of the first civilizations to use cotton
clothing
 Saris- traditional piece of cloth women
wrap around themselves
 Wealthy women use silk saris
 Majority of women wear cloth saris
 Young women tend to wear brighter
colors
 Although most fashion trends today
align with those of western culture,
native dress is still used by men in
women in traditional and religious
ceremonies, such as weddings.

27. Notable People
Mother Teresa Raj Kapoor
Mahatma Gandhi Ravi Shankar Akbar the Great
Syed Ahmed Khan

28. Works Cited (Pt. 1)
"Ajanta Caves." World Heritage Centre. UNESCO. Web. 17 May 2015. <http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/242>.
"Health Information for Travelers to India." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 25 July 2014. Web. 18 May
2015.
<http%3A%2F%2Fwwwnc.cdc.gov%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Ftraveler%2Fnone%2Findia%3Fs_cid%3Dn
cezid-dgmq-travel-single-001>.
"History of Delhi." Delhi Tourism. Government of NCT of Delhi. Web. 17 May 2015.
<http://www.delhitourism.gov.in/delhitourism/aboutus/history_of_delhi.jsp>.
"India Gate." Delhi Tourism. Web. 16 May 2015.
<http://www.delhitourism.gov.in/delhitourism/tourist_place/india_gate.jsp>.
Karnikowski, Nina. "India for Beginners: What You Need to Know." Traveller. 2 May 2014. Web. 17 May 2015.
<http://www.traveller.com.au/india-for-beginners-what-you-need-to-know-33jw2>.
"Most Famous Landmarks and Cultural Monuments in the World." Nations Online. One World - Nations Online.
Web. 16 May 2015. <http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/most_famous_landmarks.htm>.
"Mysore Palace." Mysore Palace. Web. 16 May 2015.
<http://www.mysorepalace.gov.in/mysore_palace_history.htm>.
"Taj Mahal." World Heritage Centre. UNESCO. Web. 16 May 2015. <http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/252>.
"Travel Guides to The Golden Temple." Golden Temple Amritsar. Web. 17 May 2015.
<http://www.goldentempleamritsar.org/amritsar-travel-guide,-golden-temple-amritsar-tourist-guide.php>.

29. Works Cited (Pt. 2)
"Environmental Issues in India." All About India. Web. 21 May 2015.
<http://www.all-about-india.com/Environmental-issues-in-India.html>.
Equal? Sign. Digital image. Homegrown. Web. 21 May 2015.
<http://homegrown.co.in/ladies-first-why-india-could-benefit-from-looking-to-
iceland-for-direction/>.
"Gender Equity Issues in India." Foundation for Sustainable Development. Web.
20 May 2015. <http://www.fsdinternational.org/country/india/weissues>.
"GNI per Capita." The World Bank. 2015. Web. 21 May 2015.
<http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.PP.CD>.
"India Economic System." Business Map of India. Web. 21 May 2015.
<http://business.mapsofindia.com/india-economy/system.html>.
"India." The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency, 20 May 2015. Web. 20
May 2015. <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/in.html>.

30. Works Cited (Pt. 3)
"Indian Art & Culture." Art & Culture. Web. 22 May 2015.
<http://india.gov.in/topics/art-culture>.
"Indian Clothing Styles." USTAV Fashion. 2014. Web. 22
May 2015.
<http://www.utsavfashion.com/online/indian-clothes>.
"Indian Music." Manas: Culture, Music of India. Web. 22
May 2015.
<https://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/Culture/Music
/Music.html>.

31. Media Citations (Pt. 1)
Ajanta Caves. Digital image. Wonder Mondo. 18 Mar. 2009. Web. 16 May 2015.
<http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/As/India/Maharashtra/Ajanta.htm>.
Baumgarten, Robin. Indian Street Market Chaos. Digital image. Flickr. Yahoo! Web. 17 May 2015.
<https://www.flickr.com/photos/robinbaumgarten/8402189946/>.
Flag of India. Digital image. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 17 May 2015.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_India.svg>.
Food in India. Digital image. Food In Other Cultures. Web. 17 May 2015.
<http://othercultures.weebly.com/india.html>.
"The Golden Temple." World Religions Professor. Web. 17 May 2015. <http://www.world-religions-
professor.com/goldentemple.html>.
India Skyline. Digital image. Dolphin Travel India. Web. 16 May 2015. <http://www.dolphintravelindia.com/about-us-
2/>.
JC Residency Madurai. Digital image. JC Residency Hotels & Resorts. Web. 22 May 2015. <http://hotels.eglobe-
solutions.com/jcresidency/booking/detail/7771>.
Map of India. Digital image. Operation World. Web. 17 May 2015.
<http://www.operationworld.org/files/ow/maps/lgmap/indi-MMAP-md.png>.

32. Media Citations (Pt. 1)
Map of Indian Cities. Digital image. Hand Research. Web. 16 May 2015.
Mysore Dasara 2013 Image. Digital image. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 17 May 2015.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysore_Dasara_2013>.
"New Bike Launch in India HD Desktop Wallpaper." Hdwpics Wallpapers. 2014. Web. 17 May 2015.
<http://hdwpics.com/new-bike-launch-in-india-hdw2382294>.
New Delhi. Digital image. The Creativity Workshop in New Delhi. Web. 17 May 2015.
<http://www.creativityworkshop.com/newdelhi.html>.
"North India Tour." Chardham Booking. Web. 17 May 2015. <http://www.chardhambooking.com/north-india-
pilgrimage-tour/north-india-tour>.
Rupees. Digital image. Live Mint. 06 May 2013. Web. 17 May 2015.
<http://www.livemint.com/Money/jmhdkfxPmh1QkFx119YikJ/Rupee-trades-higher-on-stronger-Asian-forex-
market.html>.
University of Liverpool - Research. Digital image. India Fellowships. Web. 16 May 2015.
<https://www.liv.ac.uk/research/liverpool-india-fellowships/>.
US to India Map. Digital image. Sannam S4. 15 Oct. 2012. Web. 16 May 2015.
<http://www.sannams4.com/sannam-s4-opens-u-s-office-to-help-north-american-businesses-expand-into-
india/>.

33. Media Citations (Pt. 2)
Equal Sign. Digital image. Homegrown. Web. 21 May 2015. <http://homegrown.co.in/ladies-
first-why-india-could-benefit-from-looking-to-iceland-for-direction/>.
Indian Agriculture. Digital image. Web. 21 May 2015.
<http://www.livemint.com/Politics/Rz8jV0eXWEs26Zj9hBjRNO/Legal-recognition-to-
women-farmers-must-for-Indias-food-se.html>.
India’s Literacy Rate. Digital image. Web. 21 May 2015. <http://qph.is.quoracdn.net/main-
qimg-357753994cbd8e1a605b70ee2e3e0a14?convert_to_webp=>.
Language Graph. Digital image. Revisiting India. 27 Jan. 2014. Web. 21 May 2015.
<http://revisitingindia.com/2014/01/27/hindi-english-or-nothing-politics-of-indias-
national-languages/>.
Religious Population Graph. Digital image. Web. 21 May 2015.
<http://qph.is.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-
9d09a1f4591468e9d3a08779046bcf55?convert_to_webp=true>.
Sources of Electricity. Digital image. Wikimedia. Web. 21 May 2015.
<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Sources_of_electricity_by_Install
edCapacity_2013.png>.

34. Media Citations (Pt. 3)
Famous Indians. Digital image. Biography Online. Web. 22 May 2015.
<http://www.biographyonline.net/people/indians-top-100.html>.
Hindu Painting. Digital image. Vikrambahl. Web. 22 May 2015.
<http://vikrambahl.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/art2.jpg>.
Raj Kapoor Photograph. Digital image. Art Asia. Web. 22 May 2015.
<http://artasia.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/1-121320121526261.jpg>.
"Sved Ahmed Khan." AMU. Web. 22 May 2015.
<http://www.amu.ac.in/img/pictures/ssah14102012.jpg>.
Traditional Indian Band. Digital image. Chandrakantha. Web. 22 May 2015.
<http://chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/instrument.jpg>.
Women in Sari. Digital image. Ad Post. Web. 22 May 2015.
<http://www.adpost.com/classifieds/upload/uk/clothing_accessories/uk_clothi
ng_accessories.10296.1.jpg>.