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India
Indian Cultural Diversity
Indian culture is one of the oldest and unique. In India,
there is an amazing cultural diversity throughout the
country. The South, North, and Northeast have their own
distinct cultures and almost every state has carved its own
cultural niche. If compared, there is hardly any culture in
the world that is as varied and unique as India’s.

India is a vast country with a variety of geographical
features and climatic conditions. India, a place of infinite
variety, is fascinating with its ancient and complex culture,
dazzling contrasts and breathtaking physical beauty.
Indian Cultural Diversity
Most tourists who come to India are amazed by personally
observing the Indian culture. Since India is vastly populated,
its perpetual cultural diversity is amazingly spread out. Still
one thing that is common in these millions of peoples their
love for the culture.

 India is the best place in the world to see the different
cultures from modern to ancient and find the similarities in
these diversified cultures.
Indian Cultural Diversity
The Indian culture has never been rigid and that's why it's
surviving with pride in the modern era. It timely imbibes
the qualities of various other cultures and comes out as a
contemporary and acceptable tradition.

On the world stage, either through international film
festivals or through beauty pageants, India regularly
displays its talent and culture. The flexibility and
movement with time has made Indian Culture
fashionable and acceptable too.
Languages of India
According to Ethnologue, India is considered to be the home to 398
languages out of which 11 have been reported extinct. 
In India, some 1652 dialects were recorded in a census made in 1961.
Another census was initiated way back 2001 and it showed that for
more than half a million inhabitants, there are 29 languages being
spoken. This is why Indian language translation is a tough one.
Dialects in India vary depending on demographic location. Although
the constitution of India stipulates that the main language of the
country is Hindi in Devanagari script, languages of native tongues
are still very much alive.
Languages of India
       Urdu
                 Punjabi
                                        Oriya
Rajasthani           Sanskrit
                                        Bengali
Gujarati                                          Manipuri
                                   Assamese
      Marathi

           Konkani
             Kannada
                                Tamil

                     Malayalam
If all the world’s cultural
heritage was contained in
 a time capsule, I would
 like to demonstrate my
 country’s legacy in the
          form of
       ‘FESTIVALS’
Indian Festivals
India is undoubtedly, a land of festivals. There are festivals for
every season, for every legend & myth, every region and every
religious place.
Some are exclusive to certain communities & religions while
others have a national & secular character about them.

Indian festivals are celebrated according to the solar and lunar
calendars. Consequently, dates & months may vary
accordingly.
Indian Festivals
In India, festivals are marked by a warmth of participation.
Color and festivity also provide an occasion for shopping when
overnight small markets appear from nowhere. These sell
trinkets, local souvenirs and colorful apparels. Dance and music
are essential ingredients. Exotic delicacies are a culinary delight.
Regional fairs are also common and festive in India. For
example, Pushkar fair is one of the world's largest markets
and Sonepur mela is the largest livestock fair in Asia.
The numerous and varied festivals that are held throughout the
year offer a unique way of seeing Indian culture at its best.
Indian Festivals
The Hindu celebrations of Diwali, Holi, Pongal and Dussehra
are the most popular religious holidays in India and therefore
are considered public holidays by the government. This means
that all children have the day off from school and most
employees have the day off from work.

Throughout India, there are dozens of festivals and
celebrations that take place celebrating different religious
and cultural occasions. Although these are not considered to
be “national” or “public” holidays by the Indian
government, they are nevertheless observed and employees
are allowed to take an unpaid day off for the ones in which
they honor. 
Some of the festivals celebrated
          in India….
Diwali
   Deepawali or Diwali is certainly the
   biggest and the brightest of all
   Hindu festivals. It's the festival of
   lights (deep = light and avali = a
   row i.e., a row of lights) that's
   marked by four days of celebration,
   which literally illumines the
   country with its brilliance, and
   dazzles all with its joy. Each of the
   four days in the festival of Diwali is
   separated by a different tradition,
   but what remains true and constant
   is the celebration of life, its
   enjoyment and goodness.
Diwali
Of all the festivals celebrated in India, Diwali is by far the most
glamorous and important. Enthusiastically enjoyed by people of
every religion, its magical and radiant touch creates an
atmosphere of joy and festivity.
It is a festival of lights symbolizing the victory of
righteousness and the lifting of spiritual darkness. It celebrates
the victory of good over evil - and the glory of light. This
festival commemorates Lord Rama's return to his kingdom
Ayodhya after completing his 14-year exile.
Homes are decorated, sweets are distributed by everyone and
thousands of lamps lit to create a world of fantasy.
Holi
  Holi is a joyous celebration of
  the rejuvenation of nature, and
  renewed hope of happiness and
  peaceful coexistence. People
  throw colored water and
  powders (gulal and kumkum)
  at each other and make merry.
  Singing and dancing add to the
  gaiety of the occasion. The
  exuberant display of colors
  symbolizes the advent of a
  colorful and prosperous spring
  season.
Holi
Holi is celebrated all over India with color, music, dance and
bonfires. It marks the beginning of summer. It also celebrates
the end of cold and hardship, and the successful harvest of the
winter crop. For Hindus all over the world, Holi also celebrates
the victory of good over evil, symbolized in the story of Prahlad,
the young boy who overcame evil and tyranny, by his steadfast
faith in Vishnu.

This festival also dilutes all boundaries of class, creed or
gender. After getting their faces painted by myriad colours and
splashes of water, it becomes hard to differentiate the class and
cast. Hence it also signifies the equality of being human.
Ganesh Chaturthi
     Ganesh Chaturthi is the Hindu
     festival celebrated on the birthday
     (rebirth) of Lord Ganesha, the son of
     Shiva and Parvati.  Ganesha is widely
     worshipped as the god of wisdom,
     prosperity and good fortune and
     traditionally invoked at the beginning
     of any new venture or at the start of
     travel.

     He is the Lord who is believed to
     remove all obstacles on the path of the
     spiritual aspirant, and bestows upon
     him worldly as well as spiritual
     success.
Ganesh Chaturthi
He is known to be the Lord of Power and Wisdom. He is the
eldest son of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. He has as his
vehicle a small mouse. The significance of riding on a mouse
is the complete conquest over egoism.
People bring home idols of Lord Ganesha and celebrate the
festival by worshiping the Lord in a special way for a day and
a half, 5 days, 7 days or 11 days depending on the family
tradition and commitment of each individual.
On the last day of worship the idol is taken out in a colourful
and musical procession to be immersed traditionally at a
beach.
Eid
Eid also called Feast of Breaking the
Fast, the Sugar Feast, the Sweet
Festival is an important religious
holiday celebrated by Muslims
worldwide that marks the end
of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month
of fasting.
At the end of Ramadan, Muslims
celebrate Eid Al-Fitr. The entire
community comes together for special
prayers and to congratulate each other.
The rest of the day is typically spent
visiting friends and family, enjoying
time together.
Eid
The holiday celebrates the conclusion of the 29 or 30 days of
dawn-to-sunset fasting during the entire month of
Ramadan. 
The traditional Eid greeting is Eid Mubarak, and it is
frequently followed by a formal embrace. Gifts are frequently
given — new clothes are part of the tradition — and it is also
common for children to be given small sums of money
(Eidi) by their elders. It is common for children to offer
salaam to parents and adult relatives.
 It is common for non-Muslims to visit their Muslim friends
and neighbors on Eid to convey their good wishes.
Dussehra
   The name Dussehra is derived from
   Sanskrit Dasha-hara literally
   means removal of ten referring
   to Lord Rama’s victory over the ten-
   headed demon king Ravana. The
   day also marks the victory
   of Goddess Durga over the
   demons .The name Vijayadashami is
   also derived from the Sanskrit words
   "Vijaya-dashmi" literally meaning
   the victory on the
   dashmi (Dashmi being the tenth
   lunar day of the Hindu calendar
   month).
Dussehra
It is believed that the celebration of Dussehra started in the
17th century, when the king of Mysore ordered the
celebration of the day on a grand scale. Ever since, the day
is celebrated with great fervor and energy.

Many people of the Hindu faith observe Dussehra through
special prayer meetings and food offerings to the gods at
home or in temples throughout India. They also hold
outdoor fairs (melas) and large parades with effigies of
Ravana (a mythical king of ancient Sri Lanka). The
effigies are burnt on bonfires in the evening. Dussehra is
the culmination of the Navaratri festival.
Pushkar Fair
     Pushkar, the only place which
     has the sole Brahma temple in
     the whole world. As per Hindu
     traditions Brahma is considered
     to be the Creator of the Earth.
     He started it from Pushkar
     therefore it is one of the most
     sacred towns of India and has a
     beautiful lake as its prime
     attraction. Pushkar is also
     reckoned for its Global Cattle
     Fair especially the Camels and on
     papers this is the place which
     sees the largest conglomeration
     of cattle worldwide.
Pushkar Fair
On record, this fair is World's largest camel fair where
Around 50,000 camel are gathered. The entire fair can be
segregated under three main heads with a few sub heads.
The first is the Cattle Fair. Apart from the camels, animals
like horses, cows, sheep and goats are being traded here.
Second comes the Cultural Fair. In this segment the stalls
and shops catering both to human and the cattle are set up
in the fair site. Clothing, jewelries and tattoos carry an
ethnic charm with a typically Rajasthani aura. Besides it,
the hugely versatile cultural repertoire of Rajasthan comes
alive in Pushkar Fair in form of folk dance, music, puppet
shows and so on.
The final day of the fair is for a holy dip in the
mythological significant Pushkar Lake.
Vaisakhi
    Vaisakhi is a festival celebrated
   across the northern Indian
   subcontinent, especially in
   the Punjab region by
   the Sikh nation. For the Sikh
   community this festival
   commemorates the establishment
   of the Khalsa.
   This is the time when harvest is
   gathered in and the farmer exults
   in the fulfillment of his year's hard
   work.
Vaisakhi
Many fairs in the Punjab are held near the tombs and shrines of
spiritual gurus. These fairs must have originated in a spirit of
devotion to those saints and sages. The most famous among
such fairs are the Chhapar fair, the Jarag fair, and the
Roshni fair of Jagranyan.
The fields can be seen full of nature's bounty. Dressed in their
typical folk attire, both men and women, celebrate the day with
Bhangra and Gidda. Sweets are distributed, old enmities are
forgiven and life is full of joy, merriment and everyone seems to
belong.
On Baisakhi day, water is drawn from all the sacred rivers of
India and poured in to the huge tank surrounding the golden
temple.
India today is unfolding a story of a billion plus people, or more
precisely, one sixth of the world’s population, on a big move as
India's large and complex systems rapidly moving top-down and
the country emerge as one of the fastest growing economies of
the world. 

India is probable the only country in the world where people
belonging to different religions, castes and creeds, speaking
different languages, having different cultures, different modes of
living, different clothing, different feeding habits, worshiping
different gods and deity live together in harmony and believe to
be the children of one mother-MOTHER INDIA.
Thank You

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Indian Cultural Diversity- Festivals

  • 2. Indian Cultural Diversity Indian culture is one of the oldest and unique. In India, there is an amazing cultural diversity throughout the country. The South, North, and Northeast have their own distinct cultures and almost every state has carved its own cultural niche. If compared, there is hardly any culture in the world that is as varied and unique as India’s. India is a vast country with a variety of geographical features and climatic conditions. India, a place of infinite variety, is fascinating with its ancient and complex culture, dazzling contrasts and breathtaking physical beauty.
  • 3. Indian Cultural Diversity Most tourists who come to India are amazed by personally observing the Indian culture. Since India is vastly populated, its perpetual cultural diversity is amazingly spread out. Still one thing that is common in these millions of peoples their love for the culture. India is the best place in the world to see the different cultures from modern to ancient and find the similarities in these diversified cultures.
  • 4. Indian Cultural Diversity The Indian culture has never been rigid and that's why it's surviving with pride in the modern era. It timely imbibes the qualities of various other cultures and comes out as a contemporary and acceptable tradition. On the world stage, either through international film festivals or through beauty pageants, India regularly displays its talent and culture. The flexibility and movement with time has made Indian Culture fashionable and acceptable too.
  • 5. Languages of India According to Ethnologue, India is considered to be the home to 398 languages out of which 11 have been reported extinct.  In India, some 1652 dialects were recorded in a census made in 1961. Another census was initiated way back 2001 and it showed that for more than half a million inhabitants, there are 29 languages being spoken. This is why Indian language translation is a tough one. Dialects in India vary depending on demographic location. Although the constitution of India stipulates that the main language of the country is Hindi in Devanagari script, languages of native tongues are still very much alive.
  • 6. Languages of India Urdu Punjabi Oriya Rajasthani Sanskrit Bengali Gujarati Manipuri Assamese Marathi Konkani Kannada Tamil Malayalam
  • 7. If all the world’s cultural heritage was contained in a time capsule, I would like to demonstrate my country’s legacy in the form of ‘FESTIVALS’
  • 8. Indian Festivals India is undoubtedly, a land of festivals. There are festivals for every season, for every legend & myth, every region and every religious place. Some are exclusive to certain communities & religions while others have a national & secular character about them. Indian festivals are celebrated according to the solar and lunar calendars. Consequently, dates & months may vary accordingly.
  • 9. Indian Festivals In India, festivals are marked by a warmth of participation. Color and festivity also provide an occasion for shopping when overnight small markets appear from nowhere. These sell trinkets, local souvenirs and colorful apparels. Dance and music are essential ingredients. Exotic delicacies are a culinary delight. Regional fairs are also common and festive in India. For example, Pushkar fair is one of the world's largest markets and Sonepur mela is the largest livestock fair in Asia. The numerous and varied festivals that are held throughout the year offer a unique way of seeing Indian culture at its best.
  • 10. Indian Festivals The Hindu celebrations of Diwali, Holi, Pongal and Dussehra are the most popular religious holidays in India and therefore are considered public holidays by the government. This means that all children have the day off from school and most employees have the day off from work. Throughout India, there are dozens of festivals and celebrations that take place celebrating different religious and cultural occasions. Although these are not considered to be “national” or “public” holidays by the Indian government, they are nevertheless observed and employees are allowed to take an unpaid day off for the ones in which they honor. 
  • 11. Some of the festivals celebrated in India….
  • 12. Diwali Deepawali or Diwali is certainly the biggest and the brightest of all Hindu festivals. It's the festival of lights (deep = light and avali = a row i.e., a row of lights) that's marked by four days of celebration, which literally illumines the country with its brilliance, and dazzles all with its joy. Each of the four days in the festival of Diwali is separated by a different tradition, but what remains true and constant is the celebration of life, its enjoyment and goodness.
  • 13. Diwali Of all the festivals celebrated in India, Diwali is by far the most glamorous and important. Enthusiastically enjoyed by people of every religion, its magical and radiant touch creates an atmosphere of joy and festivity. It is a festival of lights symbolizing the victory of righteousness and the lifting of spiritual darkness. It celebrates the victory of good over evil - and the glory of light. This festival commemorates Lord Rama's return to his kingdom Ayodhya after completing his 14-year exile. Homes are decorated, sweets are distributed by everyone and thousands of lamps lit to create a world of fantasy.
  • 14. Holi Holi is a joyous celebration of the rejuvenation of nature, and renewed hope of happiness and peaceful coexistence. People throw colored water and powders (gulal and kumkum) at each other and make merry. Singing and dancing add to the gaiety of the occasion. The exuberant display of colors symbolizes the advent of a colorful and prosperous spring season.
  • 15. Holi Holi is celebrated all over India with color, music, dance and bonfires. It marks the beginning of summer. It also celebrates the end of cold and hardship, and the successful harvest of the winter crop. For Hindus all over the world, Holi also celebrates the victory of good over evil, symbolized in the story of Prahlad, the young boy who overcame evil and tyranny, by his steadfast faith in Vishnu. This festival also dilutes all boundaries of class, creed or gender. After getting their faces painted by myriad colours and splashes of water, it becomes hard to differentiate the class and cast. Hence it also signifies the equality of being human.
  • 16. Ganesh Chaturthi Ganesh Chaturthi is the Hindu festival celebrated on the birthday (rebirth) of Lord Ganesha, the son of Shiva and Parvati.  Ganesha is widely worshipped as the god of wisdom, prosperity and good fortune and traditionally invoked at the beginning of any new venture or at the start of travel. He is the Lord who is believed to remove all obstacles on the path of the spiritual aspirant, and bestows upon him worldly as well as spiritual success.
  • 17. Ganesh Chaturthi He is known to be the Lord of Power and Wisdom. He is the eldest son of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. He has as his vehicle a small mouse. The significance of riding on a mouse is the complete conquest over egoism. People bring home idols of Lord Ganesha and celebrate the festival by worshiping the Lord in a special way for a day and a half, 5 days, 7 days or 11 days depending on the family tradition and commitment of each individual. On the last day of worship the idol is taken out in a colourful and musical procession to be immersed traditionally at a beach.
  • 18. Eid Eid also called Feast of Breaking the Fast, the Sugar Feast, the Sweet Festival is an important religious holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide that marks the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting. At the end of Ramadan, Muslims celebrate Eid Al-Fitr. The entire community comes together for special prayers and to congratulate each other. The rest of the day is typically spent visiting friends and family, enjoying time together.
  • 19. Eid The holiday celebrates the conclusion of the 29 or 30 days of dawn-to-sunset fasting during the entire month of Ramadan.  The traditional Eid greeting is Eid Mubarak, and it is frequently followed by a formal embrace. Gifts are frequently given — new clothes are part of the tradition — and it is also common for children to be given small sums of money (Eidi) by their elders. It is common for children to offer salaam to parents and adult relatives.  It is common for non-Muslims to visit their Muslim friends and neighbors on Eid to convey their good wishes.
  • 20. Dussehra The name Dussehra is derived from Sanskrit Dasha-hara literally means removal of ten referring to Lord Rama’s victory over the ten- headed demon king Ravana. The day also marks the victory of Goddess Durga over the demons .The name Vijayadashami is also derived from the Sanskrit words "Vijaya-dashmi" literally meaning the victory on the dashmi (Dashmi being the tenth lunar day of the Hindu calendar month).
  • 21. Dussehra It is believed that the celebration of Dussehra started in the 17th century, when the king of Mysore ordered the celebration of the day on a grand scale. Ever since, the day is celebrated with great fervor and energy. Many people of the Hindu faith observe Dussehra through special prayer meetings and food offerings to the gods at home or in temples throughout India. They also hold outdoor fairs (melas) and large parades with effigies of Ravana (a mythical king of ancient Sri Lanka). The effigies are burnt on bonfires in the evening. Dussehra is the culmination of the Navaratri festival.
  • 22. Pushkar Fair Pushkar, the only place which has the sole Brahma temple in the whole world. As per Hindu traditions Brahma is considered to be the Creator of the Earth. He started it from Pushkar therefore it is one of the most sacred towns of India and has a beautiful lake as its prime attraction. Pushkar is also reckoned for its Global Cattle Fair especially the Camels and on papers this is the place which sees the largest conglomeration of cattle worldwide.
  • 23. Pushkar Fair On record, this fair is World's largest camel fair where Around 50,000 camel are gathered. The entire fair can be segregated under three main heads with a few sub heads. The first is the Cattle Fair. Apart from the camels, animals like horses, cows, sheep and goats are being traded here. Second comes the Cultural Fair. In this segment the stalls and shops catering both to human and the cattle are set up in the fair site. Clothing, jewelries and tattoos carry an ethnic charm with a typically Rajasthani aura. Besides it, the hugely versatile cultural repertoire of Rajasthan comes alive in Pushkar Fair in form of folk dance, music, puppet shows and so on. The final day of the fair is for a holy dip in the mythological significant Pushkar Lake.
  • 24. Vaisakhi  Vaisakhi is a festival celebrated across the northern Indian subcontinent, especially in the Punjab region by the Sikh nation. For the Sikh community this festival commemorates the establishment of the Khalsa. This is the time when harvest is gathered in and the farmer exults in the fulfillment of his year's hard work.
  • 25. Vaisakhi Many fairs in the Punjab are held near the tombs and shrines of spiritual gurus. These fairs must have originated in a spirit of devotion to those saints and sages. The most famous among such fairs are the Chhapar fair, the Jarag fair, and the Roshni fair of Jagranyan. The fields can be seen full of nature's bounty. Dressed in their typical folk attire, both men and women, celebrate the day with Bhangra and Gidda. Sweets are distributed, old enmities are forgiven and life is full of joy, merriment and everyone seems to belong. On Baisakhi day, water is drawn from all the sacred rivers of India and poured in to the huge tank surrounding the golden temple.
  • 26. India today is unfolding a story of a billion plus people, or more precisely, one sixth of the world’s population, on a big move as India's large and complex systems rapidly moving top-down and the country emerge as one of the fastest growing economies of the world.  India is probable the only country in the world where people belonging to different religions, castes and creeds, speaking different languages, having different cultures, different modes of living, different clothing, different feeding habits, worshiping different gods and deity live together in harmony and believe to be the children of one mother-MOTHER INDIA.