Ap Biology Transpiration Lab

Ap Biology Transpiration Lab
0610108437 Transpiration Lab Period 8 11/20/17 Introduction Transpiration is said to be the loss of
water vapor through the stomata of the leaves in a plant. Transpiration essentially serves to move
water and other nutrients throughout a plant, to cool down plants and humans and to maintain turgor
pressure in the cells of plants (sdhydroponics). The transpiration rate in a plant is affected by the
wind, light and humidity. temperature and water. The wind serves to determine how dry the air is
when transpiration occurs. Light can at times speed up the rate of transpiration in plants.
Transpiration tends to occur faster in the light rather than when in the dark. Humidity serves to
determine the rate of the diffusion of water in the plant. As
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The Cycle Of The Hydrologic Cycle
The hydrologic cycle, also known as the water cycle, is a continuous rotation of water changing
states through the Earth, ocean and atmosphere in a circulating system (Watts & Forbes, 2011; US
Department of Commerce, n.d; National Geographic Society, 2013). The water cycle alters
throughout different locations due to weather patterns and climate around the world (Watts &
Forbes, 2011). The major processes that make up the hydrologic cycle are evaporation, transpiration,
condensation, precipitation, and runoff, with many further processes as seen in Appendix 1.1 and
simplified in Appendix 1.2.
Evaporation
Evaporation, in general, involves a substance changing its physical state from a liquid to a gas (US
Department of Commerce, n.d; National Geographic Society, 2013; Northwest River Forecast
Centre [NRFC], n.d). An example of this is when the body heats up during exercise or due to
temperature, and releases sweat to try and cool down and producing water onto the skin (US
Department of Commerce, n.d). Energy is required for evaporation to occur, and this energy source
can come from the atmosphere, entities such humans, or in the case of the water cycle, the sun is the
source of energy (US Department of Commerce, n.d). During the hydrologic cycle, evaporation
occurs when the sun interacts with liquid water such has lakes and rivers, the ocean and soil, to
cause water particles to become water vapour by heating the water (National Geographic Society,
n.d; Miller & Spoolman,

A Short Note On The And Environmental Sciences
Wendy Khumalo
KHMWEN002
GEO1009F – Introduction to Earth and Environmental Sciences
Fieldtrip to Tafelberg Road
Segment 1:
This fieldtrip started off at Rhodes Memorial. Rhodes Memorial was built out of Granite that could
be found at the sea point contact and also at Hout Bay beach. From Rhodes Memorial, there is a
view of the Cape Flats, the Tygerberg Hills as well as the Cape Fold Belt Mountains. The Tygerberg
Hills' underlying rock is made of Malmesbury group shale. This rock is a brown–reddish and dusty
soil made of soft and small grains. It is a nutrient rich soil which makes it ideal for agricultural
activity. It has previously been used mostly to farm wheat and to certain extent barley but more
recently has been used to farm grapes to be used in the wine making process. The nutrient rich soils
of the Malmesbury group shale allow for the growth of renosterveld.
The Cape Flats also sit above the Malmesbury group shale rocks; however, they give way to the
growth of Dune Fynbos and Acid Sand Fynbos. The Cape Flats are subdued and low–lying because
of the properties of the Malmesbury rock. It is a soft rock which makes it easier to erode than many
rocks. Due to the fact that it is easily weathered, it is deposited in various places such as the Cape
Flats. The Cape Fold Belt Mountains are made of Malmesbury group shale as the softer base of the
mountain and the Table Mountain Group above it as the hard layer. The Table Mountain Group
consists of Graafwater and quartz

How Light Intensity Effects Transpiration Rate in Mangrove...
Year 10 EEI – Plant Investigation
The following assignment presented is based on the information and outcomes of an experiment
conducted by Claire Dunne, Eilis Brien and myself about the effects of light intensity, representing
the three seasons of summer, spring, autumn and winter, on the transpiration rate of mangrove
shoots.
Abstract:
The overall aim of this report was the conduct an experiment based how different light intensity
levels, representing the four seasons in a year: summer, spring, autumn and winter, affects the
transpiration rate in a mangrove plant. To do this we had to set the 4 different beakers at different
lengths apart, each beaker (from beaker 1 representing summer) placed further and further away
from the desk ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The beakers were then placed in their correct positions through the help of a ruler and light meter
14. Two sets of results were taken down 15. Testing was taken place for the second time in the day
beginning from 1.15pm – 3.15pm 16. Steps 12 through 13 were repeated
*during the experiment the data will be collected by weighing the beaker with the plant in it on an
electrical balance and then again of just the mangrove shoot ............
Materials: * Light meter * Ruler * 1x roll of duct tape * 1x roll of masking tape * 1x electronic
balance * Vaseline * Scissors * Sharpie/Felt tip pen * 4x mangrove shoots * 4x lab coats * 1x desk
lamps * 1x 60W light bulb * 1x Tripod * 5x black bin liners * 4x 250mL beakers * Stop watch *
Measuring cylinder * 800mL water (total) * 80mL oil (total)
Example Diagram
Source 1:
Desk lamp and 60W light bulb
Desk lamp and 60W light bulb
Mangrove shoot
Mangrove shoot
250mL beaker

250mL beaker
200mL tap water
200mL tap water
Risk assessment: Risk | Safe Practise | Safe Disposal | The light bulb could fall from the tripod and
smash during the experiment | Strap the lamp to the tripod firmly my using duct tape and strap the
tripod to the surfacing by again using duct tape. Also place the tripod away from the edge so there
aren't any accidents as a result of someone falling into or leaning on the

Water Cycle Is The Most Important Part Of Our Life
Water resource is the most important part of our life. Almost everything cannot leave with water.
From food to production, demand for water is growing. Water in different states constantly moves
and nourish all. Thus, recognizing the water cycle is vital and necessary for development and
Environmental Protection. Introduction Water cycle is also known as "hydrological cycle". It
describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. Water is
always changing states between liquid, vapor, and ice. Water cycle has been going on for billions of
years and all life on Earth is dependent on the water cycle. If there is no water cycle, the Earth
would be a lifeless place. There is no clear starting point of water cycle, but the ocean can be
counted as the beginning of it. The sun drives the entire water cycle. Water changes into water vapor
due to the rice of ocean temperature and then evaporates into the air. Freshwater lakes and rivers
have similar evaporated phenomenon. On land, water of transpiration from the plant and land also
change into steam and evaporate into the air. A small amount of water in the air from the sublime,
which is the direct evaporation of ice and snow and it is completely omitted from the melting
process. Updrafts carry water vapor into the atmosphere and water vapor condenses into a cloud due
to the low temperature of atmosphere. Airflow driven cloud to move around the Earth Cloud
particles collide with each other to

How Does Water Rise In The Tubes?
YOU ARE HERE: HOME / BIOLOGY / CAPILLARY ACTION Capillary Action APRIL 29, 2010
BY JANICE VANCLEAVE Capillary action is due to the cohesion of water molecules with each
other and the adhesion of the water molecules with the walls of the glass tubes. Capillary Action is
also called wicking, which is the ability of a substance to draw another substance into it. In the
diagram, three different size glass tubes are standing in a container of colored water. Notice that the
water rises to a different height in each of the tubes. The more narrow the tube, the higher is the
water. Question: Why does the water rise in the tubes? Answer: First we need to identify two types
of attractions between molecules. 1. Adhesion: The attraction between unlike ... Show more content
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This movement is called capillary action, which is one part of the plants transpiration system.
Discover for Yourself 1. Fill a plastic cup about one–fourth full with water. Add about ten drops of
red food coloring and stir. 2. Select an inner stalk of celery. You want one that has pale green leaves.
3. Use scissors to cut across the end of the celery stalk. Observe and make note of the color of the
cut end of the celery stalk. Also make note of the color of the leaves on this stalk. 4. Stand the celery
stalk, cut end down, in the red water. 5. Observe the color of the color of the leaves on the celery
stalk periodically for two or more days. Results: The pale green leaves take on a reddish color.This
is because the red coloring dissolved in the water and moved with the water through the xylem tubes
in the celery stalk and leaves The red coloring was deposited in the leaves, but most of the water
evaporated through tiny opening in the leaves. The evaporation of the water from plants is called
transpiration. This evaporation of the surface water from the xylem tubes results in more water
being pulled into the roots to keep the xylem tubes filled. Thus, there is a continued movement of
water through the

Guided Inquiry Investigation
Cells and organisms must exchange matter with the environment to grow, reproduce, and maintain
organization, and the availability of resources influences responses and activities. For example,
water and macronutrients are used to synthesize (produce) new molecules, and, in plants, water is
essential for photosynthesis. Organisms have evolved various mechanisms for accumulating
sufficient quantities of water, ions, and other nutrients and for keeping them properly balanced to
maintain homeostasis.
In general, animals possess one or more mechanisms, such as those involved in excretion, which let
them ingest solutions of nutrients and transport and/or eliminate any excess ions or water. However,
plants take a different approach; they absorb and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the first part of this investigation (stomatal peel), you guide students through an investigation, ask
them focused questions, and give them suggestions for further study. However, the expected
outcome is unknown. This type of inquiry is referred to as structured inquiry and is suitable for
introducing groups of scientifically naïve students to inquiry. In a guided inquiry investigation, the
procedure for conducting the investigation is developed by the students. The second part of this lab,
in which students select an environmental factor and explore its effect on transpiration, is an
example of this type of inquiry. With experience, students will be able to investigate questions about
transpiration that they themselves have formulated and use procedures of their own design to
investigate answers. Such open inquiry is the ultimate goal of any biology program. (For more
information about the different types of inquiry–based investigations, please refer to Chapter 4 in
this manual.) In this investigation, students begin by exploring methods to calculate leaf surface area
and then determine the average number of stomata per square millimeter in a particular kind of
plant. From their data, several questions about the process of transpiration in plants should emerge.
Students can explore these questions in their own

Causes Of Calcium Uptake From Foliar Application
Calcium Uptake from Foliar Application
Foliar Ca2+ application has been suggested to increase the fruit–Ca2+ supply that may, in turn,
reduce fruit–Ca2+ deficiency disorders. Spraying with Ca2+– solution reduces Ca2+–deficiency
injury in plants (Kleemann 2000b) e.g. foliar Ca2+–spray reduces BER incidence of tomato
(Schmitz–Eiberger, Haefs, and Noga 2002) ; spraying of 0.5% solution of 'Calciogreen' in
glasshouse completely prevents BER incidence of bell pepper variety 'Cecil' though the fruit mass
was reduced(Parađiković et al. 2004) ; spraying of young tomato with CaCl2 limits the development
BER (Schmitz–Eiberger, Haefs, and Noga 2002); spraying of celery with CaCl2 or Ca(NO3)2
completely control blackheart (Geraldson 1952, 1954). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, direct application of Ca2+ can reduce the symptoms of Ca2+–deficiency disorder but does
not remove them completely (Ferguson and Watkins 1989) and exogenous Ca2+ may not bound
with the cell structure tightly that leads to easy leakage of it (Ferguson and Watkins 1983).
Calcium Translocation within Plant
Soil solution Ca2+ enters the root apoplast with mass flow of water (Barber 1995) and is transported
to the xylem via apoplastic or symplastic pathways (White and Broadley 2003). Apoplastic pathway
consists of cell wall and intercellular spaces where Ca2+ moves with water passively across the
gradient of water potential (Karley and White 2009; White 2001). Symplastic pathway consists of
cytoplasm where Ca2+ moves from cell to cell through plasmodesmata (Karley and White 2009;
White 2001). Tight regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ at a very low concentration (0.1–0.2 μM) implies
that apoplastic pathway is the main route of Ca2+ translocation across the root cortex (White and
Broadley 2003; Taylor and Locascio 2004; Karley and White 2009). However, presence of
Casparian strip at the root endodermal cells prevents further movement of Ca2+ towards the xylem.
The Casparian strip prevents apoplastic movement of solutes (Clarkson 1993; White 2001) and
suberization restricts the movement of Ca2+ into the endodermal cells(Moore et

Research Paper on How Plants Absorb Nutrients
–How plants get liquid and minerals–
Flowers absorb liquid through their roots, which are attached to xylem vessels. Xylem vessels are
tubes that can expand through several feet of tissue and be .7mm in diameter. Their walls are
thickened with cellulose deposits. Xylem bring water up to the leaves and petals of the plant. Even
without contact with the roots, the xylem can still absorb water. Because of this, a cut flower usually
doesn't die for a couple days (as long as it is placed in water of course).
The fluid inside of the plants is transported by capillary action. Capillary action is caused by surface
tension and adhesion. Adhesion is an attraction between two substances of different states (such as a
liquid and a solid). An example ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sulfur is usually found in sufficient amounts from the slow decomposition of soil organic matter, an
important reason for not throwing out grass clippings and leaves." (Quote from
http://ncagr.gov/cyber/kidswrld/plant/nutrient.htm)
Micronutrients are needed in much smaller quantities than macronutrients. "The micronutrients are
boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), chloride (Cl), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn).
Recycling organic matter such as grass clippings and tree leaves is an excellent way of providing
micronutrients (as well as macronutrients) to growing plants." (Quote from
http://ncagr.gov/cyber/kidswrld/plant/nutrient.htm)
–How plants grow with different liquids– Gatorade: "The basic ingredients in Gatorade are water,
sugar, carbohydrates and electrolytes –– potassium and sodium. These ingredients work together to
rehydrate a person...The electrolytes and sugar content in Gatorade that are essential for human
hydration are not effective in hydrating plants. Moreover, the combination caused a moldy substance
to coat the plant 's soil, preventing absorption of any nutrients from the soil." (Quote from
http://www.ehow.com/facts_7886058_gatorade–good–plants.html) Orange juice: "Orange juice
sugar content varies from brands to brand, but all–natural orange juice with no sugar added will
have little negative effect on growing plants. Because apples do naturally contain sugar, orange juice
is still less effective than water for

How Transpiration Is Important For The Improvement Of...
What is transportation? Transpiration is the movement from one place to another. Different types of
transportation are rail, water, road, and air. Transport is significant because it permits trade between
societies, which is vital for the improvement of evolution. The field can be divided into groundwork,
automobiles and operations. Transport structure involves pipelines, waterways, roads, railways,
warehouses, and bus stations. Different modes of transportation include bicycles, boats, planes, bus,
trains, scooter, ect. The word transportation comes from Middle English and Latin. Different
definitions for the word are as follows: "to carry or move from one place to another, to carry away
by strong emotion, banishment (deportation), and the means of transport or conveyance", (reference
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/transportation). Common synonyms for transportation
include arrivals, communication, departure, freight, link, public transport, public transportation,
service, shuttle, and transit. Transportation has opened so many doors for us as a species and without
it, who knows where the world would be today. Lives are saved every day because of cars, planes,
trains, and buses. Throughout the years, transportation has improved tremendously and has become
so advanced. Now cars can park and drive themselves. The new standard vehicle is much more
cutting–edge than it was a year ago. For instance, you can get a 2014 car and the 2015 car will may
have totally

Plant Grow Science Project
Today I am going to do a science project / report on plant growth and what affects the plant growth
and how fast it grows. For my project I will be using three different liquids such as, water, soda ,
water mixed with dish dergent, and salt water to see which liqud substance will make a plant grow
or make it die.
Purpose: My purpose for my science experiment is to see how what affects the plant and how fast
the plants can grow, so that in the future people would make better products and other fertilizers .
Hypothesis:

Informative Speech On What Is The Water Cycle?
Hello, this is Paige Hord and I am going to tell you about the water cycle. So what is the water
cycle. We know that water evaporates from the surface of earth, it raises into the mantle and cools
and condenses into snow or rain into a fluffy cloud. Then it falls again to the surface ( that's
precipitation ) then the water runs off the plants into the lakes ( which is called runoff or
groundwater),water is always changing states between liquid, vapor, and ice, these processes is
happening a blink away and over million of years ago. Evaporation is heat from the sun causes
water to evaporate into gas and rise into the sky, also evaporation is 90% in the water cycle.
Condensation is water vapor (gas ) in the clouds. Precipitation is water

Transpiration and Leaf Resistance Essay
Transpiration and Leaf Resistance
By: Bernina Berber
Introduction Transpiration is a part of the water cycle process, and it is the loss of water vapor from
parts of the plants. It is a process similar to evaporation. Evaporation and diffusion cause the plant
tissue to have negative water potential. If you were to compare transpiration it would be like saying
it is close to sweating (but in plants), especially in leaves but also in stems, flowers and roots.
Stomata are dots with openings on top of the leaves surfaces, which in many plants have numerous
on the undersides of the foliage. The stomas are boarded by guard cells that open and close the pore.
Leaf transpiration happens through stomata, it is considered as a necessary need ... Show more
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We determined the relative humidity of the air with a psychrometer.
Materials and Methods Citrus leaves come from a very mature orange tree that is located on our
campus; of course they were chosen from a branch so not much damage was done to the tree. Once
taken from the branch it was wrapped with parafilm, where it remained throughout the entire
experiment. The segment was placed in a plastic bag with a moist paper towel and returned to lab
rapidly. We measured the first weights when we returned to the lab. The weights were recorded
every 30 seconds for 10 minutes and every 5 minutes for 35 minutes after that. During this time one
of the other lab partners (we were in groups of four) measured the relative humidity of the air with a
psychrometer. Measured temperature was 25° C and a vapor pressure of 3.165 kPa for the dry bulb.
A temperature of 13° C (55.4° F) and a vapor pressure of depression of 0.682 kPa was found for the
wet bulb. We were able to do this by a data table that was already provided for us. The equation RH
= [ kPa (depress) / kPa (dry)] was used to determine the relative humidity of 21.5 %. The area of the
leaves was found by cutting out paper tracings of all four leaves after the 45–minute weight
measurement period. The tracings were then weighed and the total weight was compared to values
on standard curve, which was also provided

Celery Respiration Lab Report
The relationship between the celery, water temperature, and capillary action in the celery is the
transpiration, adhesion, cohesion, osmosis, and respiration processes. Respiration is related to this
experiment because when the water evaporates from the leaves(transpiration), it pulls water from the
tubes of the celery, called xylems, and causes the water to rise, as well as the capillary action causes
the rising. Water molecules are attached to each other through cohesion, so they don't want to "let
go" of the other water molecules they/it is attached to. We saw evidence of this when we cut down
the celery in small slivers until we saw the dye that had risen up the tube. The hot water traveling up
the celery's xylems was unsuccessful because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Capillary action uses both adhesion(water "holding" on to a surface) and cohesion (water holding on
to water). The adhesion lets the water gradually grab onto the surface of the xylems and "pull" itself
up the stalk of the celery, or any tube small enough for this. Cohesion lets the water molecule(s)
hold onto other water molecule(s) and pull eachother up while they are using adhesion at the same
time to climb up the xylem walls. Transpiration relates to both adhesion and cohesion because the
water is able to connect to eachother while being pulled up by the water going out of the leaves.
This relates to our experiment because when the first trial was run with the stalks without leaves, the
water went up a very small amount, but did not go up nearly as much as when the leaves were left
on the celery stalks. Cohesion and adhesion were being used through capillary action during the first
trial, but the second tria, transpiration was combined to

Scin 130 Lab 3 Worksheet: Plant Transpiration
Lab 3 Worksheet: Plant Transpiration Student instructions: Follow the step–by–step instructions for
this exercise found on the worksheet below and in the virtual lab and record your answers in the
spaces below. Submit this completed document by the assignment due date found in the Syllabus.
Please make sure that your answers are typed in RED. Please type your Name and Student ID
Number here: Directions 1. Open the Virtual Lab titled "Plant Transpiration." 2. Read the
background information found under the "Question" area first, and then read the procedure
information posted there as well. 3. Click on the "Information" button in the laboratory area and
read through the information presented. 4. If you come upon ... Show more content on
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13. What environmental factors that you tested increased the rate of transpiration? Heater, fan, and
lamp. 14. Was the rate of transpiration increased for all plants tested? Yes, all the plants tested
increased. 15. Did any of the environmental factors (heat, light, or wind) increase the transpiration
rate more than the others? Why? If I had to pick an environmental factor, I would say that the fan
had a higher transpiration rate than the others. When you look at all the numbers, you'll see that 8
out of 9 plants had higher numbers with the fan compared to the heater and lamp. With wind moving
past plants, it will have a higher transpiration rate. 16. Which species of plants that you tested had
the highest transpiration rates? Why do you think different species of plants transpire at different
rates? The Rubber Plant has the highest transpiration rates out of all the other plants. I think that
different species of plants transpire at different rates because of areas in which they are: some plants
are from different geographical places. 17. Suppose you coated the leaves of a plant with petroleum
jelly. How would the plant's rate of transpiration be affected? Transpiration would be prevented
because of the petroleum jelly covering and blocking the stomata, thus stopping water loss through
them. 18. Of what value to a plant is the ability to lose water through transpiration? The ability to
lose water through transpiration is at a very high

The Water Cycle: Life And Cycle Of Life
Have you ever thought about how life is around you ? We have a cycle of work, starting the day
with waking up and brushing our teeths. Have you ever thought about other cycles around us ?
There are three main examples of nature's cycles,water cycle, carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle
Today, in this essay I am going to talk about these different cycles of nature.
Water is an important source, in our lives, not only for us but also for the biotic factors around us. It
makes up between 60% to 95% of the fresh mass of the organisms. In a water molecule, two
hydrogen atoms are joined to an oxygen atom. Roughly or more than 70% of our body is made out
of water. Between 70% – 75% of the earth is covered with water. By looking at these importance of
water, we can conclude that water is an important source and very essential in our lives, but it is
more important for us to know the water cycle, which is repeated continuously and very essential to
all our lives. Water cycle is essential to know because it describes existence and movement of water
in and around the earth. Water cycle has no beginning it can start anywhere, even in our house.There
are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In an ideal terrarium, water vapor can be created by transpiration from plants and water that animals
get in the terrarium. As the moisture in the air condenses on the glass walls, it returns to the soil and
is absorbed by the plants' roots. When we pour water into our terrarium that is the beginning of the
water cycle. We essentially had made it rain in your little terrarium. When we set our terrarium in
the sun the water inside the terrarium heats up and turns into water vapor in the air. This is called
evaporation.When the water cools back down, it turns back into a liquid. We observed condensation,
water droplets, sticking to the lid of our terrarium. If the drops get large enough, they will roll down
the sides of the container or fall from the lid, like

Caffeine Effect On Plants
All plants have caffeine enzymes. These enzymes are members of N–methyltransferases. When
leaves drop off plants that contain caffeine, this will fertilize the soil with caffeine. (Grant, 2016)
The amount of caffeine that the soil is contaminated with will determine the growth of the plant. Too
much caffeine in the soil may have a bad effect on the plants growth and structure. Caffeine affects
the ability for plants to photosynthesize and collect it's nutrients. (Grant, 2016) Caffeine increases
the biological process in plants. Caffeine may increase the pH level in the soil which may be toxic to
some plants because of the acidity in the soil. Caffeine may also keep insects off the plants. (Grant,
2016) Coffee grinds will help the growth of plants. Coffee grounds have nitrogen in them which
fertilizes plants. Adding too much coffee to the soil of a plant may harm it from acidity, but it can be
leveled out by adding leaves are items like that. (Does, 2017) People recycle coffee grounds just for
the use of plants and gardening. Microorganisms will break down the coffee grounds in the soil.
When breaking down the grounds, this will release nutrients into the soil for the plant or plants.
(Robert, 2017) Plants have certain pH levels that need to be met to survive and be healthy. Coffee
grounds range on the pH scale from 6.2 to 6.8. Coffee grounds may not be good for the growth or
stability of plants that cant handle that range of pH. (Robert, 2017) Using coffee grounds in

The Three Primary Phases Of The Water Cycle
July 20, 2016
The Water Cycle All living things must have water to maintain homeostasis. In order for there to
water to replenish there is a cycle known as the water cycle. The water cycle has many different
names such as the hydrologic cycle and the H2O cycle. There are three primary phases in the water
cycle: evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. The water cycle is continuous process in which
some phases of the cycle may take longer than some depending in the geographical location any
person or animal lives. Figure 1 demonstrates the different phases of the water cycle. Figure 1: The
Water Cycle
Source: aquacucle.blogspot.com. July 19, 2016, http://aquacycle.blogspot.com/2010/07/water–
cycle.html
Evaporation
Evaporation is a process in the water cycle when a liquid is ... Show more content on
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Water storage can be either fresh water or salt water. Ground water is where there is just a body of
water, or water that is on the ground. Also water storage does not have to be in liquid form. It can be
found in snow, ice, or glaciers. When one of the solid forms of water melts it is called run off water.
When run off water runs into a water storage it will evaporate at some point in the future.
Condensation
Condensation is the process by which water vapor in the air is changed back in to liquid water.
Condensation is crucial to the water cycle because is responsible for the formation of clouds.
Precipitation
The final step in the water cycle is precipitation. Precipitation is when water is released from clouds
in the form of rain, acid rain, sleet, snow, or hail. It is the primary connection in the water cycle that
provides for the delivery of atmospheric water to the earth. The most common type of precipitation
is rain.
Acid Rain
Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water
molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids.

How Transpiration Is Important For The Improvement Of...
What is transportation? Transpiration is the movement from one place to another. Different types of
transportation are rail, water, road, and air. Transport is significant because it permits trade between
societies, which is vital for the improvement of evolution. The field can be divided into groundwork,
automobiles and operations. Transport structure involves pipelines, waterways, roads, railways,
warehouses, and bus stations. Different modes of transportation include bicycles, boats, planes, bus,
trains, scooter, ect . The word transportation comes from Middle English and Latin. Different
definitions for the word are as follows: "to carry or move from one place to another, to carry away
by strong emotion, banishment (deportation), ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
SoO much can change in a year in the world of auto–mobiles. As the world evolves so do cars. Cars
today are more user friendly and designed to make the driving experience as easy as possible. They
are designed to be much safer than they used to be. Transportation has surpassed the expectations of
the first ever car inventor could have dreamed of .
In 1768, the first auto–mobile ran by steam power was created by Nicolas– Joseph Cugnot. The first
car to run by combustion hydrogen engine was created by François Isaac de Rivaz. Research states
that Karl Benz created the first ever automobile in 1886. He created the first gasoline automobile.
The name of the car was called the "Benz Patent–Motor wagon", and this was also considered the
first manufactured line of vehicles. The first long distance trip was taken by Bertha Benz in 1888 .
Because she had the courage to take this trip, Benz was able to expand his empire and improve his
revolutionary invention a way he never thought possible. Ferdinand Verbiest built the first steam
powered auto–mobile in about 1672 as a gift for the Chinese Emperor. The car was not large enough
to actually carry a person, but it did run. The first "car" that could actually carry a human was made
in 1770 by Nicolas– Joseph Cugnot. The first car that was patented in the United States was by
Oliver Evans in 1789. In 1801 Richard Trevithick drove the first full size vehicle on the road.
In 1962 the first ever bus service was taken

Hydrologic Cycle Of The Hydrological Cycle
In this assignment, I shall be examining the hydrological cycle and I shall be answering the
following questions provided in the D2L. I will be showing my understanding/knowledge, thinking
and communication.
Define:
¬ Condensation: The process where water vapor or in other words (gas) transitions into water
droplets (a liquid). This is when we begin to see clouds form.
¬ Evaporation: The change of the state from water to water vapor, an estimated average 47 inches is
evaporated into the atmosphere from the ocean each year.
¬ Sublimation: It is the process where ice and snow change into water vapor. They are able to do
that without moving through the liquid phase
¬ Evamp – transpiration: The cumulative loss by evaporation and transpiration.
To begin with, the hydrologic cycle doesn't have an area where the sequences commence. Therefore,
it will begin in the ocean since that's where the most of the earth's water exists. The energy from the
sun heats the ocean water, causing it to evaporate. Condensation, the water vaporizes into water
vapor. Subsequently, the vapor ascends into the atmosphere condensation is crucial to the hydrologic
cycle because it is in charge of forming the clouds. Sublimation is the process where ice directly
converts into water vapor without converting into liquid. Furthermore, it has a slower process than
evaporation. Precipitation, clouds begin to form and it begins to precipitate due to either wind or
temperature change. Transpiration,

Factors That Affect Soil Development
Factors Affecting Soil Development
Studies on the research of soil have shown that the profile of soils is influenced by five factors
interacting with each there. These are: parent material, climate, topography, organisms, and time.
Parent material:
This refers to the mineral material, or organic material from which the soil is formed. Soils will
carry the characteristics of its parent material such as color, texture, structure, mineral composition
and so on. For example, if soils are formed from an area with large rocks (parent rocks) of red
sandstone, the soils will also be red in color and have the same feel as its parent material.
Time:
Soils can take many years to form. Younger soils have some characteristics from their parent ...
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It also means more runoff, more percolation and more water erosion. They all help to determine the
kind of soils in an area.
Relief:
This refers to the landscape position and the slopes it has. Steep, long slopes mean water will run
down faster and potentially erode the surfaces of slopes. The effect will be poor soils on the slopes,
and richer deposits at the foot of the slopes. Also, slopes may be exposed to more direct sunlight,
which may dry out soil moisture and render it less fertile.
Organisms:
The source and richness of organic matter is down to the living things (plants and animals) that live
on and in the soils. Plants in particular, provide lots of vegetative residue that are added to soils.
Their roots also hold the soils and protect them from wind and water erosion. They shelter the soils
from the sun and other environmental conditions, helping the soils to retain the needed moisture for
chemical and biological reactions. Fungi, bacteria, insects, earthworms, and burrowing animals help
with soil aeration. Worms help breakdown organic matter and aid decomposition. Animal droppings,
dead insects and animals result in more decaying organic matter. Microorganisms also help with
mineral and nutrient cycling and chemical reactions.
The Water Cycle
The water cycle, also called the hydrologic cycle, operates similarly to biogeochemical cycles in

which plant and animal nutrients move through the atmosphere, the earth, and through living things.
The

Photosynthesis Lab Report
The results obtained from Col–0 and Cvi–0 ecotypes concur with previous observations by
Woodward & Lake (2008). In their study, the authors noted that the rate of photosynthesis in most
crop varieties grown in temperate habitats, increases at 75–85%. Woodward & Lake (2008) also
posited that the effects of low VPD on the rate of photosynthesis vary depending on environmental
changes. In their experiment, Woodward & Lake (2008) also confirmed that 90% RH leads to
reduction in stomatal aperture and subsequently, reduces photosynthetic activity in some temperate
plant species. Perhaps, this explains the diminished photosynthetic activity observed among the C24
ecotypes via CFI–PAM analysis when exposed to 85% RH. Clearly, the C24 accessions ... Show
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2009, cited in Rodrigues et al., 2016). In nearly saturated conditions, the rate of photosynthesis
increases with decreasing RH since the stomatal apertures are prevented from closing. Nonetheless,
the continuous supply of water, coupled with high relative humidity (60% RH and 85% RH)
provided by the growth chambers in this study rules out any possibilities of actual dehydration.
Essentially, the soil–nutrient composition was sufficient to support the growth of the A. thaliana
ecotypes for 40 days within the trays without exhausting the water supply. In all the three cases,
transpiration through the stomatal openings did not account for visible wilting. Furthermore, there
was no evidence of left–wilting and other desiccation–related effects after the 40th day of treatment.
For Cvi–0 and Col–0 ecotypes, rewatering influenced simultaneous photosynthesis and
transpiration, thus leading to progressive unrolling of leaves as well as stomatal opening. In both
cases, the influence of low and high humidity on the growth of plants was insignificant. However,
for C24 varieties, the relationship between transpiration and photosynthesis displayed hysteresis,
which persisted as the

Transport In Living Organisms Essay
CH 12 TRANSPORT IN LIVING ORGANISMS EXERCISE 1. FILL IN THE BLANKS (i) The
principal physiological requirement of all organisms is the maintenance of ........................ (ii) The
type of diffusion against the concentration gradient (up hill movement) involving the expenditure of
energy is called...................... (iii) The cell walls of the plants cells keep the...............within limit.
(iv) The content of the vacuole of plant cell is called................ (v) The internal pressure exerted on
the cell wall by the water moving into the cell is called.............. (vi) A concentration gradient is
establishment between the root hairs and the soil water because of the ............... (vii) The root
pressure can move the water to only .................. (viii) Pull or suction force ... Show more content on
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Each question is followed by four options .encircle the correct answer i) The complexity of transport
system is related to? a) Size and the metabolic rate of an organism b) The type of food taken by an
organism c) To the habitat of the organism d) All of the above ii) The transport system facilitates? a)
The elimination of metabolic wastes of each cell b) Help to adjust in the habitat c) Movement from
place to place d) All of the above iii) The diffusion of molecules of some substances with the help of
carrier proteins is called? a) Active transport b) Osmosis c) Facilitated diffusion d) Cyclosis iv)
Chemically the carrier substances in facilitated diffusion are? a) Proteins b) Lipids c) Carbohydrates
d) Nucleic acids v) The movement of water into the plants cell produces..........in the cell? a) Turgor
b) Flaccid state c) None of the a and b d) Both a and b vi) The internal pressure exerted on the cell
wall by the water moving into the cell is called? a) Root pressure b) Water potential c) Turgor
pressure d) Osmotic pressure vii) The loss of water from cells of the leaves makes their cells? a)
Turgid b) Flaccid c) None of the a and b d) Shrinked viii) Because of transpiration pull and cohesion
or adhesion of water molecules, the water moves in the xylem vessels as a) Packages of water b) An

Riding The City Bus Essay
Getting Around the GSO: Riding the City Bus in Greensboro
Typical, it is 7:31 am Monday morning and I am running late. Knowing it will take approximately
twenty minutes for me to make it to 8:00 am lecture on time, I grab my book bag hastily lock my
apartment door and fly down the slightly stained cement stairs. In less than sixty–seconds, I
miraculously made it from the third to the first floor without falling. I congratulate myself and hop
in my old reliable dusty gray, 2011 Toyota. At last, I arrive to campus just in time to park in the
closest lot near the School of Nursing building making it to my first lecture of the day with ten
minutes to spare. This seems like a small and normal morning routine for some, for others who do
not have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Members of the community may need to walk a longer distance if they stay in an area that is not
near a bus route. The neighborhood I stay in has about six bus stops, all within a five to ten minute
walk from my apartment. The bus stops offer little protection from adverse weather or even a bench
to sit on while waiting for the bus. I can image the difficulties a person in poor health, a person
caring for small children, or an older adult may have while waiting on a bus. According to the GTA
website, only the most frequently used bus stops will have a bench and shelter for those waiting
(Greensboro Transit Authority, 2017). While some stops are not the most accommodating, the bus
does have a high tech feature that lowers the bus closer to the ground for the passengers that need
extra assistance, and the front of the bus reserve seats for handicap passengers. The availability of
the GTA buses depends on the time, location, and day of the week. For instance, the route one,
Bridford Place Stop, is available from 5:15 am to 11:58 pm, Monday through Friday (Greensboro
Transit Authority, 2017). On Saturdays the bus is available from 6:00 am to 10:00 pm. Bus routes on
Sunday are limited to 6:00 am to 6:00 pm and only routes 21 to 27 are operational (Greensboro
Transit Authority, 2017). The limited weekend times and routes can be an issue for those who work
on the weekends or on night shift. The affordability of riding the bus will depend on the need and
size of a

Tree Death Research Paper
In the paper, "Tree die– off in response to global change– type drought: mortality insights from a
decade of plant water potential measurements" by Breshears et al. two different groups of Pinus
edulis and Juniperus monosperma were studied for over 10 years during drought conditions. This
study aimed to bridge the gap between the conclusion that trees die in drought conditions and the
observations leading up to the death. Breshears et al. claim that the current research lacks
"concurrent data on plant water stress and other relevant physiological metrics, observation of tree
mortality, and [the labs] are lacking the conditions associated with development of drought stress
and mortality in the field" (185). Past studies have shown that ... Show more content on
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These findings are significant in determining the difference in drought survival potential between
the pinon pines and the junipers even though they are from the same ecosystem. The pinons were
found to be isohydric meaning that they regulate transpiration to maintain mid– day leaf water
potential whereas the junipers were found to be anisohydric meaning that they allow water potential
in leaves to decrease during water potential decrease. I think it is interesting that the isohydric
method seems to make sense on paper in terms of surviving a drought– to regulate transpiration but
instead, the anisohydric method proved to be more reliable, perhaps to allow the leaf to transpire as
much as possible. It was found that the pinon and juniper were very different in terms of drought
tolerance characteristics including cavitation. The junipers had a smaller rate of cavitation than the
pinons and the junipers also had a better ability to intercept rain through foliar absorption which I
found interesting because the foliage on both plants doesn't differ much. The ultimate conclusion to
the reason behind the pinon pine mortality was that the cavitation rate was larger with the pinons
and so they closed their stomate during drought stress to avoid cavitation but ultimately they ended
up starving themselves of water and carbon. Before the results are presented in the paper, it is
mentioned that

The Water And Hydrologic Cycle
The Water and Hydrologic Cycle As we understand it today we know that water is a vital resource
and it is one of the most important substances on earth for all species, plants and animals. All
species, plants and animals must have water to survive to sustain life. It is noted that if there is no
water on earth then there would be no life forms on earth either. Water is also essential for the
healthy growth of all farm crops and farm stock in the manufacture of many products for
environmental growth. Apart from drinking water to survive, humans have many other uses for
water. These include: cooking, washing their bodies, washing clothes, washing cooking and eating
utensils; such as billies, saucepans, crockery and cutlery, keeping houses and communities clean,
recreation; such as swimming pools and keeping plants alive in gardens and parks. It is most
important that the water which humans drink and use for other purposes is considered as clean
water. This means that the water we drink must be free of germs and chemicals and be clear (not
cloudy). There are many vital resources of water as well that are needed to sustain life on earth, but
for this essay we will only take a look at three, Rain Water, Surface Water and Underground Water.
Rain Water: Is Water that is collected on the earth in the form of surface water and underground
water. Surface Water: The water present on the surface of the earth in the form of oceans, rivers,
lakes, ponds and streams is

Essay on unit 3 note taking template
1. What is a biogeochemical cycle?
A. A biogeochemical cycle is a pathway for chemicals necessary for life to move through the
environment.
2. Fill in the blanks: Matter cannot be created or destroyed. Water, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen
must be recycled somehow in the environment, which also ensures that we do not use up or lose
these essential materials.
3. Fill in the blanks:
*Nitrogen is circulated in a biogeochemical cycle and is a necessary element in the structure of
living things.
*Nitrogen, which accounts for 78 percent of the atmosphere, exists in the atmosphere in a form
unusable by living organisms.
*The nitrogen cycle converts atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants and animals, and
then reconverts it to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
–Describe the carbon cycle's relationship with the atmosphere and the hydrosphere.
– Understand the makeup of sea water
1. Fill in the blank: In the carbon cycle, carbon moves from inorganic carbon dioxide to organic
molecules and back again in a constant cycle_.
2. The relationship between the processes of photosynthesis and respiration help maintain a balance
on our planet between producers and consumers, and link two cycles together. What cycles are we
referring to?
A. cellular respiration
3. Where is the largest reservoir of carbon on Earth?
A. oceans
4. What is residence time? What is the residence time of carbon in the atmosphere?
A. The residence time of a substance refers to how long it stays in one place.
Additional Notes about Lesson 3.03: (Is there anything extra that you think is important?)
3.04: Life and the Carbon Cycle
Goals:
– Describe the influence of the carbon cycle on earth's organisms.
– Define and explain the role photosynthesis and cellular respiration play in the carbon cycle.
– Explain why oceans are the world's largest reservoir of carbon on Earth.
1. Fill in the blanks on the chart below. Letters are provided below if it will not let you type in the
box.
A. evaporation
B. transpiration

C. condensation
D. precipitation
2. Fill in the blank: This movement of inorganic carbon the carbon dioxide found in the atmosphere
to organic molecules has a significant impact on

Transpires: How Does Water Get Into A Plant?
How does water get into a plant? First, the plant transpires, which is the loss of water due to
evaporation through the stomata. The cuticles on the plant help prevent water from being lost.
Transpiration is regulated by the stomata. The stomata is surrounded by guard cells that open when
there is a lot of sunlight, carbon dioxide, and leaf water status in the atmosphere. The stomata opens
to allow air with carbon dioxide and oxygen into the plant. This helps the plant go through the
processes of photosynthesis and respiration. When the stomata is working, the water in the plant
slowly dissipates. The plant goes through homeostasis, so it does not lose too much water while it is
photosynthesizing. The evaporation from the mesophyll cells creates

Transpiration Lab Report
Transpiration with Solanum lycopersicum
Kimberly Smith
Jenna Portier, Aaliyah Hebert, Marie LaSalle, Krystal Bellanger, Thea Martin
September 11, 2017
Biology 156 3T1 Abstract
This lab deals with the transpiration rates in plants, specifically a tomato plant that was used for this
experiment. Transpiration is when water leaves a plant through the stomata as water vapor while the
stomata is capturing CO2 for photosynthesis. This experiment used three different scenarios: a
tomato plant with a light shining on it, a tomato plant with wind blowing on it from a fan, and lastly
a tomato plant with nothing acting on it. The hypothesis is that the rate of transpiration will be
fastest with light, faster with wind, and slow with the control. This hypothesis was rejected because
the rate of transpiration is as follows with the wind having the fastest rate: with light the rate was
7.60 mm/min, with wind 10.20 mm/min, and control 4.33 mm/min. The cause of the wind having a
faster transpiration rate than the light may have been due to the surface area of the leaves on the
tomato plants. The surface area of the leaves for the wind experiment is 8,124mm2, and for the light
is 7,740mm2.By doing this transpiration experiment it helps one to see what happens in plants daily
and understand why it happens. Introduction
What is transpiration? Transpiration is when a plant absorbs water in its roots and the root pressure
becomes high causing the plant to release the excess water as water vapor

Practitioner Observation Paper
After observing the class of an experienced practitioner (EP), I learned that an effective lesson
requires careful planning and thinking. One simply cannot teach by just walking in a classroom and
come up with things on the spot. EP seemed very knowledgeable about the lesson topic and
communicated clearly the lesson goals to students. I feel this is important as it helps learners see the
connections between what they learn and do in class. Learning objectives must be specific and
measurable according to Hattie & Timperley (2007) thus teachers need to identify activities with
measurable criteria to assess those goals. EP used a variety of assessment activities and was
integrated into her instruction. She used questioning, experiments, and monitoring to assess student
learning. She even handed a printed rubric so students could evaluate answers on their own (self–
learning). I feel it was effective but needed some improvement as some students got no direct
feedback from EP and were left working on their own with no proper guidance. EP ... Show more
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I have learned the importance of creating a warm, friendly class environment that makes teaching
and learning easier for all. The experiments they did proved to be fun and engaging and this is
something I will attempt to do in future classes. As discussed with my mentor, I will use the
backward design planning model of Wiggins & McTighe (2004) to structure my lesson by
identifying objectives first and proceed "backward" to create a game plan on how to help students
achieve those goals. I will also consider the following elements in my plan: lesson pacing, students'
learning styles and needs (differentiation); use of constructivist (student–centred learning) activities
to promote problem–solving and critical thinking skills; and effective use of formative assessments
to monitor student

Rain Water In An Arid Zone
An arid zone is a region where there is a severe lack of available water. The plant must require very
little water or have the ability to store water, for this type of climate zone can receive up to 25.4
centimeters of rainwater per year (Climate Types for Kids – Arid). In more extreme cases, an arid
zone can receive as little as 0.1016 centimeters of rainwater in a single year (Climate Types for Kids
– Arid). In the daytime, it can be blazing hot and reach temperatures up to 54°C (Climate Types for
Kids – Arid). However, in the nighttime, temperatures can be as low as –30°C (Climate Types for
Kids – Arid). The temperature of the zone is relative to its position from Earth's equator. The soil
nutrients in an arid zone are high in salt, low

Water Simulation Lab Report
Introduction Water is the most abundant resource on the planet and is one that is vital to all living
organisms. Plants especially depend greatly on water and contain structures in their body in order to
use the water efficiently. Water relations is a research field that deals with investigating how
environmental factors affect the plant's usage of the water (Bot 201L lab manual, 2016). A study was
conducted to see how low water in the soil affected the uptake of water in Alfalfa leaves and if it had
any effect on the plant's photosynthesis rate. (Abid et al, 2016). It was found that there was a
correlation between the photosynthesis rate and the amount of water the leaves would uptake since
the stomata on the alfalfa leaves would remain closed (Abid et al, 2016). Since the stomata would
close more ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Stomata closure is a coping strategy that plants use when there is low water available in the soil
which prevents cavitation in the vessels of the xylem (Huber, 2015). It is also found that stomatal
closure not only helps regulate transpiration in plants that have low water availability, but it also
increases its water use efficiency (Huber, 2015). Wind is also considered to be a factor that affects
transpiration in plants. Another study observed the effects of stomatal distribution (such as
amphistomatous leaves) in leaves of a plant in low wind environments (Foster, 1986). The
experiment found that amphistomatous leaves had the greatest transpiration rate at low wind speeds
while hyperstomatous leaves had a higher transpiration rate than the hypostomatous leaves (Foster,
1986). Leaves contain what is called a boundary layer that can be defined as a still layer of fluid
containing gasses and liquid that surround the leaf that affects the movement of CO2 and water in
the leaves depending on its thickness (Bot 201L lab manual, 2016). In this study, the effects of wind
will be observed on the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in the leaves of

Capillary Action Lab
We all know that every single plants need water to survive and to not dry out , even bouquets of cut
flowers and plants living in deserts need water no matter where they are located. But have you even
thought about how A plant looks after it has absorbed dye water ? Put the carnations in dyed water
to figure out where the water goes through a plant. Where do you think the dyed water will travel
while the plant has absorbed ?, What will this show about how water moves throughout a cut
flowers or plant?
Topic–How do plants react to different chemicals?
There and the forces attracting that bound liquid to another surface are better than the forces of
gravity.There's many chemical reactions that take place through the lives of plants. Every ... Show
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Capillary action is part of the reason that water rises in a plant stem and moves throughout the plant.
When water enters into the plant's roots and moves to other parts of the plant through tiny tube–like
structures called xylem.
This movement is called capillary action, which is one part of the plants transpiration
system.Several processes work together to transport water from where a plant absorbs it upward
through the rest of its body. To understand how these processes work, you first need to know one
key feature of water: Water molecules tend to stick together, literally.
What is transpiration?
Transpiration is the technical term for the evaporation of water from plants. As water evaporates
through.As water evaporates through the stomata in the leaves in the leaves and tissues of the xylem.
The negative pressure exerts a pulling force on the water in the plant's xylem and draws the water
upward.Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from
aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. Water is necessary for plants but only a small amount
of water taken up by the roots is used for growth and metabolism.

Investigating Rate of Transpiration
AIMS
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of temperature rise on the rate of
transpiration of a plant (hibiscus) by measuring the plant's water uptake in a period of time.
HYPOTHESIS
Transpiration is the process by which plants loses water to the atmosphere from their leaves. Water
in the plant is lost to the atmosphere by evaporation. Evaporation of water can occur at any
temperature. In the presence of sunlight, water in the plants evaporates into the intercellular air
spaces and diffuses out through the stomata into the atmosphere.
The diffusion of water from the plant into the air lowered the water potential in the outermost cell
(mesophyll). The differences of water potential with the adjacent cell will ... Show more content on
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Steady rate of transpiration = 10.8 cm/hr + 10.8 cm/hr + 8.4 cm/hr

Lab Report On Transpiration
Titles and Authors: Transpiration Lab Report By: Ashley Learned, Emma Grau, Grace Krier
Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of varying environmental factors
on the rate of transpiration. We decided to test the factor of light, and what the rate of transpiration is
before and after taking away sunlight. We found that the rate of this process was relatively the same
in both the light and the dark areas of the classroom.
Discussion: In our lab, we tested our question which was, "will the amount of light exposed affect
the rate of transpiration?" We made the independent variable the plant and the dependent variable
was the amount of light exposed. Our non–control variable was the difference in light, this affected
the conditions of transpiration because light is needed for photosynthesis. Stomata open when they
are exposed to light and stomata is important because it allows for carbon dioxide to be available.
Our hypothesis was that the rates of transpiration would occur faster if the plants were exposed to
light. Our results were that in plant A the weight decreased by .19 grams, in plant B the weight
decreased by .46 grams, in plant C the weight decreased by .44 grams, in plant D the weight
decreased by .17 grams, in plant E the weight decreased by .47 grams, and in plant F the plant
decreased by .26 grams. We also calculated the percent of water lost instead of the amount of water
lost because the plant all had different amounts of water when

Transpiration Report
Abstract: The object of this experiment was to study how different environmental conditions
affected the rate of transpiration of a plant. The environmental factors we looked at were the affects
of various temperatures and different light amounts in the different temperatures. We found that as
the temperature warmed up, the rate of transpiration was higher. When the temperature was at five
degrees Celsius, the rate of transpiration was very low. When we took out half of the light source
and measured the rate of transpiration in the three temperatures we found the same variability of
results as earlier where the cold temperature transpired less than the hot temperature but, with less
light the overall transpiration rate was less all ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then every ten minutes for that hour we marked where the water was on the glass tubing with a
black marker. We then repeated the experiment three more times to have more accurate results. For
the cold temperature at 5ᵒC and the moderate temperature at 20ᵒC we repeated the steps above but at
the different temperatures. For the half light environments at different temperatures we conducted
the same experiment but instead of four florescent light bulbs we only had two bulbs on over the
plant. Then we repeated the experiment for the 5ᵒC, 20ᵒC, and the 32ᵒC temperatures.
Results
Figure 1 | Cold Temperature Environment at 5ᵒC | | Plant 1 Full light | Plant 1 Half light | Plant 2 Full
light | Plant 2 Half light | Plant 3 Full light | Plant 3 Half light | Plant 4 Full light | Plant 4 Half light |
10 | 20mm | 15mm | 30mm | 10mm | 20mm | 20mm | 30mm | 20mm | 20 | 15mm | 10mm | 10mm |
15mm | 10mm | 5mm | 20mm | 15mm | 30 | 10mm | 10mm | 10mm | 5mm | 10mm | 5mm | 10mm |
5mm | 40 | 5mm | 5mm | 10mm | 10mm | 5mm | 5mm | 10mm | 10mm | 50 | 5mm | 5mm | 5mm |
15mm | 10mm | 10mm | 5mm | 5mm | 60 | 5mm | 5mm | 5mm | 5mm | 10mm | 5mm | 10mm | 5mm |
Total | 60mm | 50mm | 70mm | 60mm | 65mm | 50mm | 85mm | 60mm |
Figure 1 shows the total distance moved from the starting point after every ten minutes for an hour
in cold temperature.
Figure 2

Transpiration : Capillary Action Demo
TRANSPIRATION: CAPILLARY ACTION DEMO MISS PHUNG'S CLASSROOM – 12:45–1:15
Unit Theme: Unit C: Cycling of Matter in Living Systems Subject Area: Science 10
Number of Learners: 32 Grade Level: 10
Time Needed: 50 minutes
Program of Studies Overview: The fundamental unit of life, the cell, is an example of an efficient
open system comprised of a cell membrane and organelles that carry out the basic functions of all
living organisms. Students will learn that technological advancements in microscopy have enhanced
the study of cells and cellular processes. The understanding of life processes at the cellular level can
also be applied to multicellular organisms.
Focusing Question: How do plants use specialized cells and processes to accomplish the same
functions as a single cell, but on a larger scale?
Key Concept Addressed: mechanisms of transport, gas exchange, and environmental response in
multicellular organisms; i.e., plants
Objectives
Analyze plants as an example of a multicellular organism with specialized structures at the cellular,
tissue and system levels (STS and Knowledge Outcome #3) o Describe how the cells of the leaf
system have a variety of specialized structures and functions; i.e., epidermis including guard cells,
palisade tissue cells, spongy tissue cells, and phloem and xylem vascular tissue cells to support the
process of photosynthesis o Explain and investigate the gas exchange system in plants; i.e., lenticels,
guard cells, stomata and the process

Which Liquids Evaporate The Fastest?
Ryan Griffin #12
12/12/15
Science 7B
Research Paper
Which Liquids Evaporate the Fastest?
Research Paper
Evaporation happens every day, everywhere on Earth. It is the process of water turning into water
vapor. It then travels to the clouds and condenses. This is condensation, where water vapor turns into
clouds. When the clouds get too heavy, they then drop all the water in them. This stage is
precipitation, or rain, snow, sleet, or hail. It then runs off into a stream, lake, creek, or ocean, the
cycle then repeats. This cycle is called the water cycle.
Approximately ninety percent of the humidity in our air, comes from ... Show more content on
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When something boils it evaporates because the liquid molecules gain enough energy to escape the
system and become gas. When this happens we see steam, or water vapor.
Gas molecules bounce and spread out, when solid molecules stick together. When you fill a glass
with water, it stays in the glass without it spilling. The glass' molecules are tightly bonded together
which cause there to be no cracks. But if you drop the glass, it will shatter the bindings and all the
water will pour out.
Condensation is the opposite of Evaporation. It is when saturated air cools down below the dew
point which causes them molecules to stick together and from clouds. When we see clouds they
don't all look the same. This goes back to when the temperature causes the amount of water to
evaporate. So that's why clouds are all different shapes and sizes.
Transpiration is when a plant carries moisture from the roots into the small pores on the bottom of
leaves. When the temperature rises, the moisture evaporates and makes clouds too. When we wake
up we see dew on the grass, trees, and flowers. This is

Ap Biology Transpiration Lab

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