This document discusses antimicrobial agents and provides details about hydrogen peroxide. It defines antimicrobials, antiseptics, and disinfectants and their differences. Various classes of antimicrobial agents are described including their mechanisms of action. Hydrogen peroxide is examined in depth, covering its preparation, properties, tests for identification and purity, assay, and uses. It concludes by listing references used.
This is chapter No 2 of Pharmaceutical Chemistry - I for Diploma in Pharmacy (D. Pharmacy)
Details notes for Diploma in Pharmacy (D.Pharmacy) Students.
Anatacid || B pharmacy First Year || Presentation || kkwagh ||
This presentation is helpful for your study
This Presentation Contain
• Introduction
• characteristics of ideal antacid
• classification of antacid
• Some common use antacid
Leprosy is the disorder for which the effective agents are used to treat leprosy. This presentation will drive you through in detail concepts of the medicines used in the treatment, with effective visualisation/ pictures.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
MAKAUT/SEM 1/ PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY/ UNIT 3/GASTROINTESTINAL AGENTS_ANTIMICROBIAL
BY
KUNAL DATTA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
B.PHARM , M.PHARM
NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY
This is chapter No 2 of Pharmaceutical Chemistry - I for Diploma in Pharmacy (D. Pharmacy)
Details notes for Diploma in Pharmacy (D.Pharmacy) Students.
Anatacid || B pharmacy First Year || Presentation || kkwagh ||
This presentation is helpful for your study
This Presentation Contain
• Introduction
• characteristics of ideal antacid
• classification of antacid
• Some common use antacid
Leprosy is the disorder for which the effective agents are used to treat leprosy. This presentation will drive you through in detail concepts of the medicines used in the treatment, with effective visualisation/ pictures.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
MAKAUT/SEM 1/ PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY/ UNIT 3/GASTROINTESTINAL AGENTS_ANTIMICROBIAL
BY
KUNAL DATTA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
B.PHARM , M.PHARM
NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY
This is chapter No 3 of Pharmaceutical Chemistry - I for Diploma in Pharmacy (D. Pharmacy) Details notes for Diploma in Pharmacy (D.Pharmacy) Students.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
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Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. DEFINITION
Antimicrobials are agents that are used to prevent or reduce the
growth of microorganims.
Antimicrobial agents prevent reinfection and wound sepsis.
Antimicrobial agents will be in the form of powders and
solutions.
They are normally ineffective in the sporing state of microbes.
3. IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS
It should possess antimicrobial action.
It should have rapid onset and sustained activity.
It should not cause cellular damage.
It should not interfere body's defence mechanism
It should have broad spectrum of action.
It should not show toxicity from topical applications
Topical antimicrobial agent should penetrate the lipid present in
skin.
4. DEFINITION
Antiseptics-these are the substances that are used to
kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms.They are
used in living organisms.They are used in lower
concentration.It reduces the infection and
sepsis.Eg:Hydrogen peroxide,Potassium
permanganate,Iodine etc.,
5. DEFINITION
Disinfectant-these are the substances that are used to
kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms.They are
used in nonliving organisms.They are used in higher
concentration.They are non-selective and destroy non
pathogens as well.Disinfectants are too corrosive and
irritant to skin.Eg:Chlorinated lime,Potassium
permanganate,Phenol etc.,
6. DEFINITION
Germicide means substances that act as broad
spectrum antimicrobial.It will kill
virus,bacteria,fungi,protozoa.cidal means killing.
-BACTERICIDAL-kills bacteria eg:Penicillin
-FUNGICIDAL-kills fungi eg:Selenium sulphide
-VIRUCIDE-Kills virus eg:Zidovudine
Bacteriostatic-These will not kill the growth of
bacteria but stops the growth of
bacteria.eg:Clindamycin.
9. OXIDATION
Compounds acting by this mechanism belong to class
of peroxides of peroxyacids,oxygen liberating like
permanganate and certain oxo-halogen anions.This
causes a change in the conformation of the protein and
thereby alters its function.
S H S H S S
Sulfhydryl disulphide
10. HALOGENATION
Compounds which are able to liberate chlorine or hypochlorite
or iodine act by this mechanism.These agents act on peptide
linkage.
O O
Aminoacid-C NH Aminoacid-C NH
Cl
11. PROTEIN PRECIPITATION
Many metal ions exhibit protein binding or protein
precipitaion because the molecular weight of proteins is
large.The interaction with protein takes place through polar
group of protein which acts as ligand and metal ions as lewis
acid.The complex formed may be strong chelate giving rise to
inactivation of protein.
12. HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
SYNONYM-OXYGENATED WATER
CHEMICAL FORMULA-H2O2
METHOD OF PREPARATION
It is an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide.
1.By adding thick paste of barium peroxide in ice cold water and
ice cold sulphuric acid.
BaO2+H2SO4 BaSO4+H2O2
2.By treating Sodium peroxde with dilute sulphuric acid
Na2O2+_H2SO4 Na2S04+H202
13. HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
3.It is obtained by decomposing barium peroxide with
phosphoric acid or by passing carbon-di-oxide through a
suspension of barium peroxide in water.
3BaO2+2H3PO4 Ba3(PO4)2+3H2O2
BaO2+H20+CO2 H2O2+BaCO3
14. HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
4.It is manufactured by the electrolysis of ice cold 50% sulphuric
acid.Perdisulphuric acid is formed which on distillation under
reduced pressure gives H2O2
2H2SO4 2HSO4-+2H+
2H++2e- H2 At cathode Pb wire
2HSO4-+2e- H2S2O8 At anode Pt rod
H2S2O8+2H20 2H2SO4+H2O2 At anode
18. HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
TEST FOR IDENTIFICATION
1.When made alkaline and heated,it decomposed with
effervescence evolving oxygen.
2.To 1 drop 20 ml water,1 drop of potassium chromate and 2ml of
solvent ether are added and shaken. The ether layer becomes
blue.
TEST FOR PURITY
Acidity
Loss on evaporation
Test for barium
Test for stability
19. HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
ASSAY
10ml sample diluted to 250ml-25ml+10ml 5N H2SO4 Vs 0.1N
KMnO4
2KMnO4+3H2SO4+5H2O2 K2SO4+8H20+502+2MnSO4
USES
Antiseptic and germicide
Antdote for phosphorus and cyanide poisoning
Cleaning action on cut and wounds
Bleaching of hair
20. REFERENCES
TEXT BOOK OF PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY BY CHATWAL AND V.N.RAJASEKARAN
