Operations Management - Book1.p - Dr. Abdulfatah A. Salem
ANTHROPOLOGY-AND-ECONOMICS IN HUMSS STRAND
1.
2. Anthropology: s_udi_s _uma_
s_ci_ti_s, cu_ _ur_s, and bi_log_ca_
div_r_ity acr_s_ t_ _e and s_a_e.
Anthropology: studies human
societies, cultures, and biological
diversity across time and space.
3. Anthropology is a holistic and interdisciplinary
field that studies human societies, cultures,
and biological diversity across time and space.
It seeks to understand the complexities of
human existence, including social
relationships, cultural practices, biological
variation, and environmental adaptations.
4.
5.
6. Physical or Biological Anthropology:
- the study of human biological evolution,
variation, and adaptation.
- It examines the biological aspects of
humans, including genetics, primatology,
paleoanthropology, human osteology, and
forensic anthropology.
7. SUBDISCIPLINES INTEREST
Paleoanthropology Human evolution, earlier hominid (erect bipedal
primate mammals)
Genetics Gene (influences the appearance or growth of living
things) structure patterns of inheritance of
traits
Primatology Non-human primates (monkeys, apes)
Osteology Skeletal remains
Paleopathology Traces of diseases and injury in human skeletal
remains
Forensic
anthropology
Analysis and identification of human remains
8.
9. Cultural Anthropology:
- the study of human societies and cultures,
focusing on the beliefs, religion, gender roles,
myth, practices, rituals, customs, and social
institutions that shape human behavior.
Cultural anthropologists often conduct
ethnographic research to immerse themselves in
the daily lives of the communities they study.
10.
11. Archaeology:
- Archaeology is the study of past human
societies and cultures through the analysis of
material remains, such as artifacts, structures,
and environmental data.
Archaeologists investigate ancient
civilizations, cultural evolution, human-
environment interactions, and the processes of
cultural change over time.
12.
13. METHODS OF INQUIRY
Ethnography:
- involves immersive, long-term fieldwork conducted by
anthropologists to observe and participate in the daily lives
of the people they study.
It allows researchers to gain an in-depth
understanding of a particular culture, including its
social structures, rituals, and worldview.
14. METHODS OF INQUIRY
Participant Observation:
- involves researchers actively participating in the activities
of the group they are studying while also observing and
recording their experiences.
- This method allows researchers to gain insider
perspectives and firsthand knowledge of the cultural
practices and social dynamics within a community.
15. METHODS OF INQUIRY
Interview:
- Interviews involve structured or semi-structured
conversations between researchers and individuals from the
community being studied.
- Researchers use interviews to gather information about
people's experiences, beliefs, attitudes, and opinions on
specific topics.
16. METHODS OF INQUIRY
Focus Group Discussion:
- Focus group discussions involve bringing together a small
group of people to discuss specific topics or issues in a
facilitated setting.
- Researchers use this method to explore shared attitudes,
perceptions, and experiences within a community or social
group.
17. METHODS OF INQUIRY
Life History Method:
- The life history method involves conducting in-depth
interviews with individuals to document their life
experiences, from childhood to the present.
- Researchers use this method to understand the
trajectories of people's lives, including significant events,
relationships, and transitions.
18. METHODS OF INQUIRY
Ocular Inspection:
- Ocular inspection refers to the visual examination of
material culture, such as artifacts, buildings, and landscapes.
- Anthropologists use this method to analyze physical
objects and spaces, interpreting their cultural significance and
historical context.
