This document discusses key terms and concepts related to indigenous peoples, including:
1) Indigenous peoples claim lands they have occupied for generations, but were often conquered through colonization and subjected to policies aimed at assimilation.
2) Social Darwinism provided scientific justification for imperialism by portraying Western societies as superior to indigenous groups. It argued indigenous peoples must abandon their traditions and assimilate.
3) Ethnocide referred to justifying the conquest of indigenous peoples on the grounds they were not fully human and needed civilization, despite indigenous peoples undermining development by resisting assimilation.
The Cultural Connections of Urban and Periurban Indigenous Communities to Tro...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Blanca Yagüe, Nathalie van Vliet, Daniel Cruz and Maytik Avirama Pavón will answer the following questions:
Will indigenous families still consume forest products in urban contexts?
What role do forest products have in urban and periurban indigenous households?
How do forest products link these people to the forest?
The Cultural Connections of Urban and Periurban Indigenous Communities to Tro...Fundsi88
Presentation by Blanca Yagüe at the symposium, "Innovative ways for conserving the ecosystem services provided by bushmeat" in the 51th Annual Meeting ATBC 2014 in Cairns, Australia.
The following powerpoint slides give an introduction to the basic types of societies in our world, organized by economic, political and subsistence strategies. This will give a framework for understanding and comparing the various civilizations we will study this year. We will discuss the slides (and many new words!) in class, but this will help supplement their notes.
The Cultural Connections of Urban and Periurban Indigenous Communities to Tro...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Blanca Yagüe, Nathalie van Vliet, Daniel Cruz and Maytik Avirama Pavón will answer the following questions:
Will indigenous families still consume forest products in urban contexts?
What role do forest products have in urban and periurban indigenous households?
How do forest products link these people to the forest?
The Cultural Connections of Urban and Periurban Indigenous Communities to Tro...Fundsi88
Presentation by Blanca Yagüe at the symposium, "Innovative ways for conserving the ecosystem services provided by bushmeat" in the 51th Annual Meeting ATBC 2014 in Cairns, Australia.
The following powerpoint slides give an introduction to the basic types of societies in our world, organized by economic, political and subsistence strategies. This will give a framework for understanding and comparing the various civilizations we will study this year. We will discuss the slides (and many new words!) in class, but this will help supplement their notes.
REFERENCES:
Ember, C. (2007). Anthropology. Singapore: Pearson Educational South Asia.
Ember, C., Ember, M., & Peregrine, P. (2009). Human evolution and culture: Highlights of anthropology. (6th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
Ervin, A. (2005). Applied anthropology: Tools and perspectives for contemporary practice. Boston: Pearson.
Kottak, C. (2011). Anthropology: Appreciating cultural diversity. New York: Mc Graw-Hill.
Kottak, C. (2008). Anthropology: The explanation of human diversity. Boston: Mc Graw-Hill.
Launda, R. (2010). Core concepts in cultural anthropology. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Nanda, S. (2007). Cultural anthropology. Belmont, California: Walsworth/Thomson Learning.
It is a book about the evolution of humankind from the four legged apes to the most intelligent animal on the earth, from the life of the jungles to the life of the megacities
2. Terms
• Indigenous peoples• Tribal / Tribal people
• Genocide • Ethnocide
• Terra Nullius • Social Darwinism
• Imperialism
• Economies and • Colonialism
• Exchange
3. Indigenous People
• claim their lands because they were the 1st
or have occupied them since time
immemorial
• are groups that have been conquered by
peoples racially, ethnically, or culturally
different from themselves (Colonization,
Westernization, Urbanization and the role
of Nation State)
4. • Native peoples of the Americas share
many parallels with indigenous peoples
today
• Indigenous peoples had no place in the
making of the Nation-state.
5. Social Darwinism
• Theory of social evolution
• Based on Darwin’s theory of evolution
• Scientific support for imperialism
– Proved Western superiority
– Justified imperialism in the name of
progress.
6. Social Darwinism
• Placed societies on an evolutionary
framework
• Hierarchy with indigenous and tribal peoples
at the bottom and Western societies at the
top
• Natural order of things was for stronger, more
advanced people to conquer and rule over
weaker, more backward ones
7. • To overcome “backwardness” and
indigenous society was urged to:
• Abandon its traditional way of life
• Abandon its language
• Cease to exist as a separate society
• Assimilate with the population
8. Ethnocide
• Conquest of the indigenous peoples
was justified
– They were not fully human (no rights)
– Need to civilize them
– Development
• Indigenous peoples stand in the way of
development
9. • If indigenous peoples unwilling to
assimilate
• They undermine the State
• Impede modernization
10. Economies
• Definition: Making or getting a living
• Production, Distribution, Consumption
• Economic types:
– Foraging, food-collecting → reciprocal
exchange, mobile bands, consumption for
survival
• Horticulture, garden cultivation → redistribution
by chiefs for prestige
• Pastoralism → redistribution
Agriculture → market exchange, private land
ownership
Industrialization – of goods and food →
11. Exchange
• Exchange (distribution of goods)
promotes social cohesion
• Major types of exchange:
– Reciprocity
– Redistribution
– Market
12. Reciprocity
• Food collecting, small-scale societies
• Egalitarian
• Fosters long-term relations
• Everyone taken care of moral economy
• Redistribution
• Centralized collection of surplus (food,
goods, etc.) by chief
• Redistribution through feasting –
provides for all
• Often competitive -- gain in status,
prestige
14. Nomads:
Foragers/Pastoralists
• Highly mobile
• Inconvenient to nation-states
• Straddle national boundaries
• Disrupt the imaginary map of
homogenous development
15. • Hunter and Gatherer
• Pastoralists
– Animal husbandry
• Horticulturalists
– Swidden agriculture / slash and burn
16. Indigenous cultures are not
extinguished by natural laws but by
political processes that are susceptible
to human controls.