The document provides an introduction to antennas, covering essential parameters, types, and practical applications. It discusses various antenna types such as wire antennas, dish antennas, and arrays, along with their characteristics and use in different contexts like GPS and research facilities. The document emphasizes the importance of link budgets and matching networks for antenna design and performance.

1. Antennas --
in 50 Minutes or Less!
Cynthia Furse
Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering
Utah State University
furse@ece.usu.edu

2. Introduction to Antennas
• Antenna Parameters
• Types of Antennas
• Where to find out more

3. Antenna Parameters
• Radiation Pattern
– Directivity
– Gain
– Planes ( E or H, Elevation or Azimuth)
– Lobes (HPBW, FSLBW, etc.)
• Input Impedance
• Link Budget

4. Department of Electrical Engineering
Radiation Patterns Measurement
System

5. Common Types of Antennas
• Wire Antennas
– Dipoles, Monopoles, Monopoles above Gnd
• Patch, Printed circuit board antennas
• Slots, apertures
• Dishes, Reflector Antennas
• Arrays

6. Dipole Antenna
From:http://www.qth.com/antenna/dipole.gif,plot.gif

7. Folded Dipole
From:http://www.qth.com/antenna/fdipole.gif

8. Monopole Antenna
From: http://www.letstalk.com//Images/mits-ah-129.GIF

9. Monopole Antenna
From:http://www.letstalk.com//Images/5-a.gif

10. Monopole Antenna above
Ground =Dipole Antenna

11. V-Antenna
v.gif
From:http://www.qth.com/antenna/v.gif

12. Loop Antenna
From:http://www.downeastmicrowave.com/graphics/kbloop.gif

13. Pagers
From: http://www.letstalk.com//Images/13-a.gif

14. Discone Antenna
From: http://www.northcountryradio.com/discfig.htm

15. Reflector (Dish) Antenna
From: http://www.dssdirectv.com/chanmas1.jpg

16. Arecibo Observatory --
Puerto Rico
From: http://www.naic.edu/about/photos/aoviews/tescop.jpg

17. Arecibo Observatory
From:http://www.naic.edu/about/photos/aoviews/wideao.jpg

18. Arecibo Observatory
From: http://www.naic.edu/about/photos/aoviews/tescop4.jpg

19. Horn Antennas
From: http://www.tmo.hp.com/tmo/datasheets/Images/img-HP11966J-1lg.gif

20. Conical Horn Antenna
From: http://www.afcsat.com/CH14_MOT2.jpg

21. GPS Antennas
From:http://www.lowe.co.uk/gpsant.jpg

22. GPS Antenna
From:http://gracie.grdl.noaa.gov/GRD/GPS/Projects/ANTCAL/Models/Images/SENS67157549.s.jpg
SEN 67157549
SENSOR SYSTEMS L1

23. GPS Antenna with Choke Ring
From:http://gracie.grdl.noaa.gov/GRD/GPS/Projects/ANTCAL/Models/Images/SENS671575+cr.s.jpg
SEN 67157549+cr
SENSOR SYSTEMS L1 WITH CHOKE RING

24. GPS Antenna
LEI AT302
From:http://gracie.grdl.noaa.gov/GRD/GPS/Projects/ANTCAL/Models/LEI_AT302.shtml

25. Antenna Arrays
Two Elements -- Pattern adds
constructively or destructively
From: http://server5550.itd.nrl.navy.mil/projects/HAARP/images/ant/pat1.gif

26. Antenna Arrays
More Elements:
Higher Directivity
Sidelobes
From: http://server5550.itd.nrl.navy.mil/projects/HAARP/images/ant/pat2.gif

27. Scanning Antenna Array
Changing the phases on the element
feeds can make a scanning array.
From:http://server5550.itd.nrl.navy.mil/projects/HAARP/images/ant/pat3.gif

28. Arrays
From:http://www.qth.com/antenna/tiny2rl.gif

29. Yagi-Uda Arrays
From: http://cust.iamerica.net/dwhowell/yagimax.jpg

30. Satellite Antenna Array
From:http://www.qth.com/antenna/hfsatrl.gif

31. HAARP Observatory
From:http://server5550.itd.nrl.navy.mil/projects/HAARP/images/ohd.jpg
HAARP (High frequency Active Auroral Research Program) is to be a major Arctic facility
for upper atmospheric and solar-terrestrial research. HAARP is being built on a DoD-owned
site near Gakona, Alaska.

32. HAARP Antenna Array
From:http://server5550.itd.nrl.navy.mil/projects/HAARP/images/twr/pan2.jpg
The HF antenna system to be used for Active Ionospheric Research at the HAARP site will assist other facility instruments in the
study the overhead ionosphere. As a result, it too has been designed to optimize or restrict the transmission pattern to lie within a
narrow overhead region. To achieve this desirable antenna pattern, the HAARP system uses an "array" of individual antenna
elements. The HAARP antenna array is similar or identical to many other types of directive antenna types in use for both military
and civilian applications including air traffic control radar systems, long range surveillance systems, steerable
communication systems and navigation systems.

33. HAARP -- Feed Sytem
From:http://server5550.itd.nrl.navy.mil/projects/
HAARP/images/ant/tpile.jpg

34. HAARP -- Matching Networks
From: http://server5550.itd.nrl.navy.mil/projects/HAARP/images/ant/amu.jpg

35. Corner Reflector Antenna
From: http://www.northcountryradio.com/crfigs.htm

36. Anything Radiates …
Fan-tenna
From:http://www.qth.com/antenna/fanfull.gif

37. The Bottom Line
• ANYTHING radiates. Sometimes you want
it to, and sometimes you don’t.
• To choose an antenna for your design,
prepare a LINK BUDGET to determine the
necessary gain and directivity of your
antenna.
• Don’t forget MATCHING NETWORKS to
prevent reflection between your antenna and
your circuit.

38. Antenna References on the Web
General: http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/D.Jefferies/antennas.html
GPS Antennas
Lowe Industries :http://www.lowe.co.uk/antrev2.htmlhttp://www.lowe.co.uk/antrev2.html
Antenna Calibration: http://gracie.grdl.noaa.gov/GRD/GPS/Projects/ANTCAL/index.shtml
Ham:
North Country Radio: http://www.northcountryradio.com/techtips.htm
Antenna Elmer: http://www.qth.com/antenna/antenna.htm
HAARP Observatory: http://server5550.itd.nrl.navy.mil/projects/HAARP/ant3.html
Arecibo Obervatory: http://www.naic.edu/aboutao.htm