This document provides an overview of tourism microeconomics and presents several true/false questions about tourism trends globally and in specific countries. Key points include:
- 80% of tourism is domestic rather than international, and most tourism journeys are by surface transport like cars rather than airplanes.
- While tourism provides employment, most jobs are in hospitality and involve little travel. Large chains are less dominant than small- and medium-sized businesses.
- Tourism growth has historically outpaced manufacturing, but this may not continue indefinitely and competition from new destinations will be fierce.
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The main aim of this study is to analyze ex-ante the likely socio- economic impact of the 2014 FIFA World Cup that will take place in Brazil. The recent trends of highly competitive bids to be designated host country of a sport mega-event show us the bidders believe such events to generate positive impacts. In this paper, we analyze through a descriptive approach the main aspects of potential economic and social effects through the organization of the World Cup, while contrasting it with the major cost and risks Brazil is bearing.
Our conclusions show that organizing a major sporting event is a unique opportunity for economic and social development, can accelerate infrastructure improvement and it is a major factor for gaining in international reputation, and, therefore, increasing in the long run a country’s soft power. However, in the case of Brazil, the high cost, widespread popular discontent, safety issues, lack of planning and coordination may have an important negative impact, which is likely to offset the benefits. It has been said that Brazil is the country of the future, and always will be. The 2014 World Cup, and 2016 Olympic Games will give a strong indication whether this still holds true.
Analyst Christy Tawii presented this research at the 40th annual ATA Congress in Kenya on 12 November 2015. This deck examines overall travel and tourism trends in Africa, compares domestic tourism on the African continent to other emerging markets and lays out predictions for the future of travel in Africa.
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A project which focused on the economic benefits a country expects by hosting a major sports event like the FIFA World Cup and what it actually gets in return.
World cup is the most famous sport event in the world with passionate in football. In the host country point of view, world cup is the best channel to promote and boost the economic.
FIFA World Cup 2014: Social Impacts and Policy StrategiesFlavio Kleijssen
The main aim of this study is to analyze ex-ante the likely socio- economic impact of the 2014 FIFA World Cup that will take place in Brazil. The recent trends of highly competitive bids to be designated host country of a sport mega-event show us the bidders believe such events to generate positive impacts. In this paper, we analyze through a descriptive approach the main aspects of potential economic and social effects through the organization of the World Cup, while contrasting it with the major cost and risks Brazil is bearing.
Our conclusions show that organizing a major sporting event is a unique opportunity for economic and social development, can accelerate infrastructure improvement and it is a major factor for gaining in international reputation, and, therefore, increasing in the long run a country’s soft power. However, in the case of Brazil, the high cost, widespread popular discontent, safety issues, lack of planning and coordination may have an important negative impact, which is likely to offset the benefits. It has been said that Brazil is the country of the future, and always will be. The 2014 World Cup, and 2016 Olympic Games will give a strong indication whether this still holds true.
Analyst Christy Tawii presented this research at the 40th annual ATA Congress in Kenya on 12 November 2015. This deck examines overall travel and tourism trends in Africa, compares domestic tourism on the African continent to other emerging markets and lays out predictions for the future of travel in Africa.
Soccernomics: FIFA World Cup 2014 economicsAtishay Jain
A project which focused on the economic benefits a country expects by hosting a major sports event like the FIFA World Cup and what it actually gets in return.
World cup is the most famous sport event in the world with passionate in football. In the host country point of view, world cup is the best channel to promote and boost the economic.
The 2016 State of Travel deck draws from our daily coverage of the global travel industry, from our ongoing series of Skift Trends Reports, and also incorporates expert research from throughout the travel industry.
L'Organizzazione Mondiale del Turismo il 27 marzo 2020 ha aggiornato l'impatto del covid-19 sul turismo internazionale prevedendo che nel 2020 gli arrivi internazionali saranno in calo dal 20 al 30 % rispetto al 2019.
MasterCard - 2015 Global Destination Cities IndexBTO Educational
Tracking Global Growth: 2009-2015
With data going back to 2009, the Global Destination Cities Index charts how 132 of the most important cities in the world are connected through air travel - how many international visitors arrive at each of these 132 cities from the other cities; and how much these visitors spend during their visit.
The Index is therefore a map of a key human dimension of global connectivity.
And over the five years since its launch in 2011, this map shows consistently great dynamism and growth in air travel between these 132 cities, driven by improving infrastructure, rising discretionary spending power (especially in the expanding middle class in emerging markets), and the seemingly unquenchable thirst of an ever-increasing number of people from all walks of life to visit the world.
2015 MasterCard
by Dr. Yuwa Hedrick-Wong and Desmond Choong
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In light of our market watch and interviews with experts, Kurt Salmon point of view provides banks with some key points to succeed in targeting this kind of market
The 2016 State of Travel deck draws from our daily coverage of the global travel industry, from our ongoing series of Skift Trends Reports, and also incorporates expert research from throughout the travel industry.
L'Organizzazione Mondiale del Turismo il 27 marzo 2020 ha aggiornato l'impatto del covid-19 sul turismo internazionale prevedendo che nel 2020 gli arrivi internazionali saranno in calo dal 20 al 30 % rispetto al 2019.
MasterCard - 2015 Global Destination Cities IndexBTO Educational
Tracking Global Growth: 2009-2015
With data going back to 2009, the Global Destination Cities Index charts how 132 of the most important cities in the world are connected through air travel - how many international visitors arrive at each of these 132 cities from the other cities; and how much these visitors spend during their visit.
The Index is therefore a map of a key human dimension of global connectivity.
And over the five years since its launch in 2011, this map shows consistently great dynamism and growth in air travel between these 132 cities, driven by improving infrastructure, rising discretionary spending power (especially in the expanding middle class in emerging markets), and the seemingly unquenchable thirst of an ever-increasing number of people from all walks of life to visit the world.
2015 MasterCard
by Dr. Yuwa Hedrick-Wong and Desmond Choong
Kurt Salmon - Migrants market - A.Arkam, H. Cambournac Aude Arkam
In light of our market watch and interviews with experts, Kurt Salmon point of view provides banks with some key points to succeed in targeting this kind of market
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Presented at Riga's annual tourism partners forum, this presentation looks at the characteristics of five key outbound markets of interest to Riga (Ger, UK, Fr, NL-Be, Nordics).
The presentation also goes deep into the trends in consumer culture and city management that will shape European city tourism over the next decade.
Toposophy associates are ready to assist your tourism forum with their insights and recommendations.
Top business and leisure travel destinationsUROS Ltd.
Global travel and tourism facts and figures: Slideset about top business and leisure travel destinations with figures of incoming travelers and their nationalities. Noteworthy facts complement the selection of figures.
In 2009 the number of outbound tourists from Argentina was 4.9 million. However, the majority of them travelled to neighbouring countries, mostly Brazil and Chile. This fact is reflected by the statistics showing the most common choice for transportation: in 2009 38% of outbound tourists chose air travel and 46% opted for travelling on land.
A research dedicated for those looking to buy and invest in the tourism sector of Crete.
What is happening to the commercial – tourism Chania’s property market, and what are the most critical trends?
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Travel Trade Caribbean
WTM World Travel Market Edition. News.
Current International Tourism.
Tourism in the Caribbean and the United Kingdom.
Cuba at WTM 2013.
Cuba and the Caribbean:
Emerging Destinations for Luxury Tourism.
Financial Management IPage 2 of 2Individual PresentationsChereCheek752
Financial Management I Page 2 of 2
Individual Presentations
Caribbean Economic Development
Instructions:
Students are to select two Caribbean nations to compare and contrast. Power point Presentation should be only fifteen (15) minutes long.
Tourism Industry: Strategy for Growth and Development
1. explain the term tourism – international and domestic
2. identify the linkages across the economy with tourism
agriculture, transport, attractions (tourism multiplier concept)
3. evaluate the negatives behind the current tourism models on the region
4. assess the contribution of tourism to the region’s growth and development
Content:
1. Tourism - definition and meaning
2. Tourism multiplier linkages – foreign exchange, employment, all the direct and indirect gains
3. Costs of tourism – environmental, social (gambling, prostitution, HIV/AIDS, tourism
harassment)
4. Community tourism vs all-inclusive model of tourism other tourism niche areas (eco-tourism)
GUIDELINES FOR Presentations
The following governing conditions apply to the Presentation:
· The title page is to include the following in the order specified:
1/ Name of Education Institution (at top of page)
2/ Title of Course and Course code
3/ Name of Students and ID numbers
4/ Title of Project
5/ Date submitted
6/ Name of Lecturer.
· Reference page (APA Format)
· Font Size: No less than 18 pt.
· Font Style: Times New Roman
End of Assignment
CARIBBEAN ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
ECON 3501
UNIT 9 –TOURISM INDUSTRY: STRATEGY FOR GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
RESOURCE MATERIALS
Levitt, Kari; Witter, Michael (1996). The Critical Tradition of Caribbean
Political Economy: The Legacy of George Beckford. Kingston. Ian
Randle Publishers
Beckford; George (2000) Persistent Poverty; Underdevelopment in the
Plantation Economies of the Third World. UWI Press.
Todaro Michael & Smith Stephen; C. (2011) 11 th Ed. Economic
Development. Pearson Education & Addison- Wesley
Bhagwati Jagdish (2004). In Defence of Globalization, Oxford University
Press
Blackman; Courtney. (2005). The Practice of Economic Management:
Caribbean Perspective Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers
United Nations- UNDP, Human Development Report. World Bank-
World Development Report
2
TOURISM
Tourism is a collection of activities, services and industries which
deliver a travel experience comprising transportation,
accommodation, eating and drinking establishments, retail
shops, entertainment businesses and other hospitality services
provided for individuals or groups traveling away from home.
Tourism is different from travel.
In order for tourism to happen, there must be a displacement:
an individual has to travel, using any type of means of
transportation (he might even travel on foot: nowadays, it is
often the case for poorer societies, and happens even in more
developed ones, and concerns pilgrims, hikers etc.).
3
TOURISM
Tourist - A visitor who travels to a country other than that ...
An assessed project for Masters Yr 1 students to attack which relates cultural differentiation to the understanding of inhibitors to the uptake of sustainability worldwide. Incorporates a four page 'thinkpiece'.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
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Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Answers to gen macroeconomics quiz
1. Tourism Microeconomics Introduced. Task No 1.
NB. Statistics drawn variously from: current official French Government Tourism website, The World
Tourism Orgn. Book: Tourism Principles and Practice (2006) Fletcher, J, Gilbert, D et al.
True or False?
1.The majority of Tourism in the world is International. True / False
ANS. False. 80 % is Domestic
2.Most Tourism journeys are by air True / False
ANS. False. Mostly surface transport. Predominantly car.
3.Tourism is made up of leisure and holidays True / False
ANS. False. Forgetting BUSINESS conference & education components
4. Employment in Tourism means lots of travel
and the opportunity to learn languages True /
False
ANS. False. Most jobs are in catering and hospitality and involve little travel.
5. Large multinational chains and corporations dominate Tm. True / False
ANS False. They have profile… but are vastly outweighed by SMEs.
6. Tourism is a simple sector needing little planning. True / False
Ans False. It is hard to define and multi-sectoral so critical to plan, but difficult.
7. The rate of growth of Tm is less than manufacturing industry True / False
Ans False. That latter is in shake-out and the former in growth.
8. Tourism is an effective way of spreading money from the
Developed to the underdeveloped world. True / False
Ans False. In theory, OK, but in practice the West operates the distribution and
much of the supply chain.
9. Europe’s share of the international Tourism market is going up True / False
Ans False. Its share of arrivals in % terms has fallen back 20% since its 1970s
heyday.
10. Over the last 20 years, of the top 5 European tourism
destinations, France’s international tourism receipts have
grown fastest. True / False
Ans True. 333% ..; faster than US and Spain even…. But slower than average
growth in world tourism (340%)…
11. France receives more international visitors in a year than
it has population. True / False
Ans True 77 m visitors = 29% more than the population.
2. Other Questions….
1. If international tourism expenditure increased by 12% in the decade between 1960
and 1970, by what % did it change in the following decade between 1970 and
1980? …………%
ANS 320 %!!! Growth. Post-60s. 707 747. Inc Tour.
2. Which has the biggest share of international tourism… Europe or The Americas
(= USA + Canada + South America)?
ANS. EUROPE. 57% Arrivals & 49% receipts in 2000
3. Put these countries in the order (highest first) in which their residents spend most
money on international tourism : United States, France, Germany, Japan, United
Kingdom.
ANS. Germany 65Bn# USA 56Bn # UK 48 Bn # Japan 29Bn #
France 24 Bn #….
4. Which country has the best balance of trade figure for Tourism … and which the
worst? (ie the biggest difference between: money spent in the country by
international visitors LESS the amount spent by that country’s citizens on
international tourism.) : United States, France, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom.
ANS. 1. France 12.8Bn# 2. US 8.5 Bn# 3. UK – 22.6 Bn #
4. Japan - 23.2 BN# 5. Germany - 34 BN #
5. Match these earnings per average international visitor figures to the countries
concerned: Figures: A. # 419 B. # 1583 C. # 750
Countries 1. UK 2. France 3. United States
ANS. France # 419 UK # 750 US # 1583 (and France has 25% MORE
visitors than UK!…it just takes far less off each one per head.)
6. Which has the highest number of visitor arrivals in a year as a % of population?
Amerique / Autriche / Andorra / Allemagne / Aruba …. Or France?
ANS. Andorra visitors outnumber the population 50 to 1 (Austria 2.3 to 1 /
Germany 0.22 to 1 / France 1.3 to 1)
7. In terms of service sector employment numbers as compared with manufacturing
industry, does the UK have: half as many / equal numbers / twice as many or more
than twice as many service jobs than manufacturing jobs?
ANS. More than twice as many… 6 x in fact.
8. In the UK, does Tourism income represent 1.7% / 3.9% / 7.0% / 9.9% / 12%
of total national income?
ANS 12%
9. In 2020 is France forecasted still to the be the world’s No1 Tourism Destination?
Y/N
ANS NO: China. Europe will keep up, even increase its visitor numbers,
but as a proportion of the world total they will decline.
3. So what do we Learn from all this?
1. Appearances can be deceptive. What Tourism is and how it is changing is
poorly understood.
2. There may be overall growth historically but:
• That does not mean this will continue unabated
• The distribution of the growth will be uneven
• The new world will benefit from much of the growth
• The old world will be hoping still for an increase in visitor numbers and to
maintain and expand expenditure BUT it will find itself competing ever harder
against BOTH the new destinations and the Old World ones. (More cut-throat
competition or more differentiation and ‘quality’???)
3. Tourism CAN make significant contributions to the economy: UK at 12% of
national income….. at another end of the scale it can be a monoculture
dependency (80% + in the Balearics and Antigua for example).
4. France has an interesting performance….
• Top of the world league for ages as a destination for international travel
• Top in terms of the travel balance of payments (mainly because the French
don’t spend much comparatively on travelling internationally themselves
• Not strong at extracting money from Tourists who do visit (Only 60% of UK
and 25% of US spend per head by international tourists).
• So… it would seem that France has been ‘content’ in tourism terms for far too
long and has not taken the competition for numbers or for spend per head
seriously…. ie La France has not been as efficient or effective as other
countries in developing and managing its markets to optimise returns. If
France is so spectacularly attractive as a destination…. then why is the spend
so low in relative terms?
5. The implication is that although there is natural and robust demand and supply
growth forecast in the market, destinations need to consider their competitive
position and plan, resource and implement a rational strategic response. This
may well be extremely difficult because of the nature of the Tourism industry
being so large, hard to define and crossing so many boundaries of control…. But
these very facts mean it is ever more imperative to act.
6. We have been dealing with figures…. Statistics…… BUT it must be remembered
that such figures represent the cumulative effect of millions of personal
decisions taken by individuals on both the supply and the demand side:-
• ‘Forecast’s good… I think we should go on a day trip this weekend’.
• ‘No, not Europe this year, flying is too risky – It’s not as if we have seen all of
the USA anyway’
• ‘There’s a new EasyJet route to Barca – it’s only 27 Euros – what are we
waiting for?’
• ‘The Pound has fallen a long way against the Euro – if we are ever going to
go to England: now’s the time…. But do they still have that Mad Cow disease
in their food, I wonder?’
• ‘This new plane can get us direct to China in 14 hours without stopover so the
prices have dropped enormously and Jean visited last year and has a load of
places to recommend….’
• ‘Interest rates have risen…after paying for my house I don’t have much
disposable income left: bang goes the holiday this year!’
• ‘Let’s fund a new training scheme in French Tourism to improve the quality of
L’acceuil’ – we have to be able to improve our quality and competitiveness’
• ‘Let’s change the rates of TVA / VAT on tourism products and services – the
industry just can’t compete on costs with emerging destinations.’
• ‘In the interests of a cleaner, greener world, this government intends to
dramatically increase taxes on polluters like airlines and car-owners.’