This document reviews the neurobiological effects of childhood abuse and neglect. It finds that:
1) Childhood maltreatment reliably alters the structure and function of stress-susceptible brain regions like the anterior cingulate, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and corpus callosum.
2) Both abuse and neglect appear to have negative effects on brain development, though the impacts may differ depending on type and timing of exposure.
3) The brain changes associated with maltreatment could represent either adaptations to facilitate survival in an adverse environment or direct damage, and more research is needed to understand the relationship between these changes and psychopathology.
Capstone ProjectPSYC 6393Components of CapstoneI.docxjasoninnes20
Capstone Project
PSYC 6393
Components of CapstoneIntroduction Problem StatementIntegrated Literature ReviewCritical AnalysisProblem ResolutionConclusionReferences
IntroductionThe purpose of the introduction is the introduce the identified problem/issue and why you chose this specific topic. In 1-2 paragraph provide specific details about the nature of the problem and your rationale (why this problem is important to you).
Problem Statement
The problem statement describes the identified problem/issue in more detail. Please see the Problem Statement Template for more discussion and examples of a problem statement. The problem statement should be 1-2 pages in length.
Integrated LiteratureThe literature will involve a detailed summary and critique of at least 4 relevant sources related to the problem/issue. The literature review should be between 3-5 pages. Please review the readings for guidance on completing an integrated literature review.
Critical Analysis NarrativeIn this section you will critically analyze the problem/issue using the sources collected in week 4. Please review the Critical Analysis Template for step-by-step instructions on completing this section. The critical analysis narrative should be 3-5 pages in length.
Problem ResolutionUsing the steps outlined in the Problem Solving Template, develop one solution to the problem/issue. Describe the solution in detail including the costs and benefits, and the challenges and barriers to implementing this solution. The problem resolution should be 2-3 pages in length.
ConclusionsEnd the Capstone with a 1 page narrative of your final thoughts about the problem and generated solution. Also include your reaction to the project and what you have learned about yourself in completing the project.
References and Form and StyleBe sure that your references are in APA format.Make sure that your capstone is double spaced in 12 pt font.Be sure the do spell check and grammar check.
Running head: Critical Analysis II 1
Critical Analysis II 8Critical Analysis II: Comorbidity an Its Connection to Substance Abuse, Treatment, and Relapse
Paula King
Walden University
Capstone
Dr. Jane Lyons
July 14, 2019
Critical Analysis II:
Environmental influences are among the causes of drug abuse and mental illnesses identified in my week six assignment. The external environment surrounding a person plays a critical role in shaping a person's behavior. Also, the impact of the environmental influences is far reaching as it may also dictate the mental health of a person. Early childhood exposure to stress and trauma may lead the child to experience mental illnesses in the future. According to the social learning theory which suggests that people learn from each other, a person adopts behaviors from the people around him or her through imitation, observation, and modeling (Rotter, Chance & Phares, 2012). With most of the human behavior being learned from observing others, an ide ...
Deep and debilitating wounds neuropsychiatric disease among traumatized childrenMrsunny4
Emotional Trauma and Adverse Childhood Events (ACEs) are robust risk factors for adolescent and adult neuropsychiatric disorders. Childhood adversity includes neglect, attachment disorder, physical and emotional trauma, and sexual abuse. Recently, investigators at Dell Medical School at the University of Texas in Austin demonstrated that childhood adversity and maltreatment are, “by far the most reliable predictive factors for adolescent and adult psychopathology, impaired health and quality of life among adults,” (Lippard, 2020).
Capstone ProjectPSYC 6393Components of CapstoneI.docxjasoninnes20
Capstone Project
PSYC 6393
Components of CapstoneIntroduction Problem StatementIntegrated Literature ReviewCritical AnalysisProblem ResolutionConclusionReferences
IntroductionThe purpose of the introduction is the introduce the identified problem/issue and why you chose this specific topic. In 1-2 paragraph provide specific details about the nature of the problem and your rationale (why this problem is important to you).
Problem Statement
The problem statement describes the identified problem/issue in more detail. Please see the Problem Statement Template for more discussion and examples of a problem statement. The problem statement should be 1-2 pages in length.
Integrated LiteratureThe literature will involve a detailed summary and critique of at least 4 relevant sources related to the problem/issue. The literature review should be between 3-5 pages. Please review the readings for guidance on completing an integrated literature review.
Critical Analysis NarrativeIn this section you will critically analyze the problem/issue using the sources collected in week 4. Please review the Critical Analysis Template for step-by-step instructions on completing this section. The critical analysis narrative should be 3-5 pages in length.
Problem ResolutionUsing the steps outlined in the Problem Solving Template, develop one solution to the problem/issue. Describe the solution in detail including the costs and benefits, and the challenges and barriers to implementing this solution. The problem resolution should be 2-3 pages in length.
ConclusionsEnd the Capstone with a 1 page narrative of your final thoughts about the problem and generated solution. Also include your reaction to the project and what you have learned about yourself in completing the project.
References and Form and StyleBe sure that your references are in APA format.Make sure that your capstone is double spaced in 12 pt font.Be sure the do spell check and grammar check.
Running head: Critical Analysis II 1
Critical Analysis II 8Critical Analysis II: Comorbidity an Its Connection to Substance Abuse, Treatment, and Relapse
Paula King
Walden University
Capstone
Dr. Jane Lyons
July 14, 2019
Critical Analysis II:
Environmental influences are among the causes of drug abuse and mental illnesses identified in my week six assignment. The external environment surrounding a person plays a critical role in shaping a person's behavior. Also, the impact of the environmental influences is far reaching as it may also dictate the mental health of a person. Early childhood exposure to stress and trauma may lead the child to experience mental illnesses in the future. According to the social learning theory which suggests that people learn from each other, a person adopts behaviors from the people around him or her through imitation, observation, and modeling (Rotter, Chance & Phares, 2012). With most of the human behavior being learned from observing others, an ide ...
Deep and debilitating wounds neuropsychiatric disease among traumatized childrenMrsunny4
Emotional Trauma and Adverse Childhood Events (ACEs) are robust risk factors for adolescent and adult neuropsychiatric disorders. Childhood adversity includes neglect, attachment disorder, physical and emotional trauma, and sexual abuse. Recently, investigators at Dell Medical School at the University of Texas in Austin demonstrated that childhood adversity and maltreatment are, “by far the most reliable predictive factors for adolescent and adult psychopathology, impaired health and quality of life among adults,” (Lippard, 2020).
Running head LITERATURE REVIEW-POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER .docxwlynn1
Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW-POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 1
LITERATURE REVIEW-POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 8
Literature Review-Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Amber Hope
Argosy University
Literature Review-Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Introduction
Using Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory in this situation creates relevance towards approaches employed to manage post-traumatic stress disorder. The theory is a framework and approach that looks into satisfying needs for positive mental and physical development. The steps are met before one move to above steps. The needs include physiological, self-esteem, love & belonging, safety & security, love & belonging, and self-actualization. The above factors are considered critical for the methods employed in dealing with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Brummelte & Galea, 2016). The model is essential in identifying the effects of PTSD on battered women, parenting of youths, the mental status of pregnant mothers, and factors that lead to future criminality among youths.
The Jungian theory is also being looked at in dealing with PTSD because of its capacity, just like the Hierarchy of Needs theory, in bridging the relationship between the mind and social developments. The situation discusses PTSD as a problem in limiting positivity in mental and physical health (Brown, 2017). The society may not work without a stable mental status. Therefore, it is essential to study the relationship between PTSD and health. This is with a focus on mood, behavioral traits, health, and another health status.
Literature Review of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Baumeister, Vohs, Aaker, & Garbinsky (2013) argue that an organism possesses a positive life depending on its capacity to maintain an internal milieu amidst challenges in its environment. Brummelte & Galea, (2016) supports the above factor by calling it homeostasis. Stress is seen as a factor that changes the homeostasis of organisms negatively. Adamsons & Johnson (2013) presents the various stakeholders who are affected by PTSD. Among them include women, children, and male adults. However, women, children, and youths are the ones that experience the problem the most. Adamsons & Johnson (2013) shows that a stressor derived from the PTSD condition acts as a threat to the life of anyone in the world. PTSD has evolved for many decades depending on the changing nature of society and modern society. Stress response also continues to undergo evolution to acquire its adaptive processes.
Dziwota, Stepulak, Włoszczak-Szubzda, & Olajossy (2018) presents data relating to prolonged response towards stress. The situation appears as the one which influences the development of tissue damages and the occurrence of illnesses. The situation is seen to invoke coping mechanisms and responses between human and animals depending on the nature of the threats they perceive to affect their liv.
ALCohoL ReSeARCh C u r r e n t R e v i e w s506 Alcohol .docxADDY50
ALCohoL ReSeARCh: C u r r e n t R e v i e w s
506 Alcohol Research: C u r r e n t R e v i e w s
Resilience to Meet the
Challenge of Addiction
Psychobiology and Clinical Considerations
Tanja N. Alim, M.D.; William B. Lawson, M.D.; Adriana Feder, M.D.; Brian M.
Iacoviello, Ph.D.; Shireen Saxena, M.S.; Christopher R. Bailey; Allison M.
Greene, M.S.; and Alexander Neumeister, M.D.
Tanja N. Alim, M.D., is an assis-
tant professor and William B.
Lawson, M.D., is a professor
and chair of the Department
of Psychiatry, both at the
Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioral Sciences, Howard
University, Washington, DC.
Adriana Feder, M.D., is an assistant
professor; Brian M. Iacoviello,
Ph.D., is a postdoctoral fellow;
and Shireen Saxena, M.S.,
Christopher R. Bailey, and
Allison M. Greene, M.S., are
research associates; all at the
Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Program, Department of Psychiatry,
Mount Sinai School of Medicine,
New York, New York.
Alexander Neumeister, M.D., is
a professor in the Department of
Psychiatry and Radiology, New
York University Langone Medical
Center, New York, New York.
Acute and chronic stress–related mechanisms play an important role in the
development of addiction and its chronic, relapsing nature. Multisystem adaptations in
brain, body, behavioral, and social function may contribute to a dysregulated
physiological state that is maintained beyond the homeostatic range. In addition,
chronic abuse of substances leads to an altered set point across multiple systems.
Resilience can be defined as the absence of psychopathology despite exposure to
high stress and reflects a person’s ability to cope successfully in the face of adversity,
demonstrating adaptive psychological and physiological stress responses. The study of
resilience can be approached by examining interindividual stress responsibility at
multiple phenotypic levels, ranging from psychological differences in the way people
cope with stress to differences in neurochemical or neural circuitry function. The
ultimate goal of such research is the development of strategies and interventions to
enhance resilience and coping in the face of stress and prevent the onset of addiction
problems or relapse. Key WoRDS: Addiction; substance abuse; stress; acute stress
reaction; chronic stress reaction; biological adaptation to stress; psychological
response to stress; physiological response to stress; resilience; relapse; coping
skills; psychobiology
evidence from different disciplinessuggests that acute and chronicstress–related mechanisms play
an important role in both the develop-
ment and the chronic, relapsing nature
of addiction (Baumeister 2003; Baumeister
et al. 1994; Brady and Sinha 2005).
Stress is defined as the physiological
and psychological process resulting from
a challenge to homeostasis by any real
or perceived demand on the body
(Lazarus and Fokman 1984; McEwen
2000; Selye 1976). Stress often induces
multisystem adaptations that occur in
the brain and .
ALCohoL ReSeARCh C u r r e n t R e v i e w s506 Alcohol .docxSHIVA101531
ALCohoL ReSeARCh: C u r r e n t R e v i e w s
506 Alcohol Research: C u r r e n t R e v i e w s
Resilience to Meet the
Challenge of Addiction
Psychobiology and Clinical Considerations
Tanja N. Alim, M.D.; William B. Lawson, M.D.; Adriana Feder, M.D.; Brian M.
Iacoviello, Ph.D.; Shireen Saxena, M.S.; Christopher R. Bailey; Allison M.
Greene, M.S.; and Alexander Neumeister, M.D.
Tanja N. Alim, M.D., is an assis-
tant professor and William B.
Lawson, M.D., is a professor
and chair of the Department
of Psychiatry, both at the
Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioral Sciences, Howard
University, Washington, DC.
Adriana Feder, M.D., is an assistant
professor; Brian M. Iacoviello,
Ph.D., is a postdoctoral fellow;
and Shireen Saxena, M.S.,
Christopher R. Bailey, and
Allison M. Greene, M.S., are
research associates; all at the
Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Program, Department of Psychiatry,
Mount Sinai School of Medicine,
New York, New York.
Alexander Neumeister, M.D., is
a professor in the Department of
Psychiatry and Radiology, New
York University Langone Medical
Center, New York, New York.
Acute and chronic stress–related mechanisms play an important role in the
development of addiction and its chronic, relapsing nature. Multisystem adaptations in
brain, body, behavioral, and social function may contribute to a dysregulated
physiological state that is maintained beyond the homeostatic range. In addition,
chronic abuse of substances leads to an altered set point across multiple systems.
Resilience can be defined as the absence of psychopathology despite exposure to
high stress and reflects a person’s ability to cope successfully in the face of adversity,
demonstrating adaptive psychological and physiological stress responses. The study of
resilience can be approached by examining interindividual stress responsibility at
multiple phenotypic levels, ranging from psychological differences in the way people
cope with stress to differences in neurochemical or neural circuitry function. The
ultimate goal of such research is the development of strategies and interventions to
enhance resilience and coping in the face of stress and prevent the onset of addiction
problems or relapse. Key WoRDS: Addiction; substance abuse; stress; acute stress
reaction; chronic stress reaction; biological adaptation to stress; psychological
response to stress; physiological response to stress; resilience; relapse; coping
skills; psychobiology
evidence from different disciplinessuggests that acute and chronicstress–related mechanisms play
an important role in both the develop-
ment and the chronic, relapsing nature
of addiction (Baumeister 2003; Baumeister
et al. 1994; Brady and Sinha 2005).
Stress is defined as the physiological
and psychological process resulting from
a challenge to homeostasis by any real
or perceived demand on the body
(Lazarus and Fokman 1984; McEwen
2000; Selye 1976). Stress often induces
multisystem adaptations that occur in
the brain and .
Discussion Question PHL 1010 150 WORDS1. Describe an example of.docxelinoraudley582231
Discussion Question PHL 1010 150 WORDS
1. Describe an example of a time when you pointed out another person’s mistake. How can you tell whether another person is merely making a mistake or purposely trying to deceive you? What happened in this case? Your explanations should have reasons that support them that use information you learned in this course that apply to this event in your life.
Information Systems Management
Question 6
1. Describe any four rights of users of information systems.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length.
Question 7
1. Explain what is meant by outsourcing. Explain the management advantages of outsourcing.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length.
Discussion Question -150 WORDS
Identify an assignment in this course that had a positive impact on you. How will you be able to apply the skills you learned from it to gain life and/or career success?
Week 3 –Article – Posttraumatic stress in children and adolescents exposed to family violence
Posttraumatic stress in children and adolescents exposed to family violence: I. Overview and issues.
Authors:
Margolin, Gayla, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, US, [email protected]
Vickerman, Katrina A., University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, US
Address:
Margolin, Gayla, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, SGM 930, Los Angeles, CA, US, 90089-1061, [email protected]
Source:
Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, Vol 1(S), Aug, 2011. pp. 63-73.
Publisher:
US : Educational Publishing Foundation
ISSN:
2160-4096 (Print)
2160-410X (Electronic)
Language:
English
Keywords:
child physical abuse, complex trauma, developmental trauma disorder (DTD), domestic violence, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Abstract:
Exposure to child physical abuse and parents' domestic violence can subject youth to pervasive traumatic stress and can lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This article presents evolving conceptualizations in the burgeoning field of trauma related to family violence exposure and describes how the often repeating and ongoing nature of family violence exposure can complicate a PTSD diagnosis. In addition, recent literature indicates that children exposed to family violence may experience problems in multiple domains of functioning and may meet criteria for multiple disorders in addition to PTSD. Considerations salient to the recognition of traumatic stress in this population and that inform assessment and treatment planning are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
Subjects:
*Child Abuse; *Disorders; *Domestic Violence; *Physical Abuse; *Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Childhood Development; Emotional Trauma
PsycINFO Classification:
Neuroses & Anxiety Disorders (3215)
Population:
Human
Age Group:
Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
Grant Sponsorship:
Sponsor: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of .
An Examination of the Early Strains” of Imprisonment Among .docxgalerussel59292
An Examination of the Early “Strains” of Imprisonment Among Young
Offenders Incarcerated for Serious Crimes
Adrienne M. F. Peters and Raymond R. Corrado
Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
Adrienne M. F. Peters, School of Criminology, Simon Fraser University; Raymond R. Corrado, School of Criminology,
Simon Fraser University and Faculty of Law, University of Bergen, Norway.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to: Adrienne M. F. Peters, School of Criminology, 8888
University Dr., Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada; E-mail: [email protected]
KEYWORDS: incarcerated juveniles; risk factors; juvenile rehabilitation; needs assessment; coping
Abstract
The research described in this article examined the impact of general strain theory on young offenders’ institutional
adjustment, as measured using self-reported experiences in custody. Utilizing a sample of young offenders
incarcerated for serious crimes in British Columbia, Canada, this study employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to
explore the effects of noxious stimuli, the removal of positively valued stimuli, and vicarious strain on young offenders’
general institutional adjustment, as mediated by negative emotions including anger, depression, and anxiety. Our
results support the following putative relationship: the prior experiences of these young offenders moderately, but
significantly, influence negative emotionality and continued adjustment problems (i.e., victimization and environmental
stressors) in an institutional setting. We present implications for custodial screening and programming that should be
extended to the community, and propose areas for continued research.
Introduction
Agnew’s general strain theory characterizes strain as “relationships in which others are not treating the individual as he
or she would like to be treated” (Agnew, 1992, p. 48). He divides strain into three types: the failure to achieve positively
valued goals; the removal of positively valued stimuli; and the presence of noxious stimuli. General strain theory posits
that youth who experience these negative relationships turn to delinquency (e.g., drug use and violence) if they are
unable to articulate their problems and/or if they are unable to develop acceptable coping mechanisms. It is highly likely
that such strains continue to impact youth when they are incarcerated for such behaviors.
According to strain theory, strain has the greatest influence on the development of antisocial behavior when it is severe
and occurs often; is seen as unjust; is associated with low levels of self-control; and motivates the individual to cope in
a criminal way (Agnew, 2001, 2009). The specific strains theorized and empirically tested to have the greatest influence
on youth, both emotionally and in relation to ensuing negative responses, include the following: parental rejection (e.g.,
instability at home or being in .
Educational & Child Psychology; Vol. 36 No. 3 33
Evaluating the impact of an autogenic
training relaxation intervention on levels
of anxiety amongst adolescents in school
Tracey Atkins & Ben Hayes
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of a group-based autogenic training (AT) relaxation
intervention on levels of anxiety in adolescents in mainstream school settings.
Method: A mixed-methods design was used to measure differences in levels of anxiety and explore a range
of perceived changes between groups over time. Sixty-six young people aged between 14 and 15 years old
from four mainstream schools in the UK were randomly assigned within each school to an intervention
or wait-list control group. Quantitative data were analysed using a mixed between-within subjects ANOVA.
Qualitative information from 12 volunteer participants was analysed using thematic analysis.
Findings: Results showed a main effect of time for both the intervention group and the wait-list group
however, no significant main interaction was found. Qualitative results showed perceived improvements
in social relationships and connectivity; reflectiveness; self-awareness; physiological symptoms; and a sense
of control.
Limitations: Measures were reliant on self-reported data. Schools were recruited through self-referral and
expression of interest, excluding participants who may not have the opportunity to take part. There were
no opportunities to collect follow-up data.
Conclusions: Results suggest that a structured AT relaxation intervention delivered in a familiar
school environment may significantly reduce levels of anxiety amongst adolescents. However, significant
improvements for the wait-list group also raises questions around the potential of other supportive
variables, such as acknowledgement and validation of feelings, the promise and availability of
forthcoming support and the potential impact of raised awareness and interest in pupil wellbeing
amongst school staff.
Keywords: autogenic training; relaxation; adolescence; mind-body interventions; anxiety.
M
ENTAL HEALTH difficulties in
young people are a serious cause for
concern across the world. The World
Health Organization (WHO) reports that in
half of all cases of mental health conditions,
onset has occurred by the age of 14 years
old; suicide is the third leading cause of
death in 15–19 year olds; and the second
leading cause of death in girls (WHO, 2018).
It is estimated that one in ten children and
young people aged 5–16 years old have
a diagnosable mental health disorder in the
UK alone; and at least one in 12 children
and young people deliberately self-harm
(Young Minds, 2018).
In 2009, the UK government identi-
fied mental health as everyone’s business
(Department of Health; DoH, 2009) and
was specific about prevention and the tran-
sition time between adolescence and early
adulthood. Suggestions for schools include
promoting students’ mental health as part
of ...
INTERVENTION PLAN FOR AGGRESSIVENESS DUE TO VIOLENT VIDEO GAMING.
The Intervention plan this paper is by Jaimee Dugger titled “What are the effects of playing violent video games on aggressive behaviors in young adults?” Where he reveals that video games are produced and marketed to target children and youths. According to him, the videos come in different forms from cartoon games, football games, and violent and non-violent games. Non-violent games help improve social skills and reduce stress. They also improve sharpness and memory in children. However, negative attention has been towards violent video games, which have adverse negative effects. These video games include American forces, doom, the grand theft auto and death motto.
The research presentation motivated me to attribute violent video games to the aggressive behaviors from their users depending on their personalities. This is because they make gamers, the target audience, to confuse between reality and digital fantasy in these games. The research presentation shows that effects of these games towards aggression depend on cognition, arousal and affect, which are contributed by frustration. Cognitive information processing model helps to determine how social environment surrounding someone can affect the way they react and interact. Moreover, past experiences also affect the individual’s current behaviors. Violent video games cause decrease in cardiac coherence, which is enhanced by high stress levels caused by noise in the violent video games as opposed to non-violent ones. Cardiac coherence is a condition used to determine balance in the nervous system and coordination between breathing and heart rate.
A change in the part of brain that deals with cognitive function was discovered in individuals after a period of playing violent video games. Long term effects of these games develop due to the fact that human beings learn from infancy how to respond to situations according to obtained knowledge. Users of these games will tend to respond to situations using the aggression used in these violent video games without noticing the difference between reality and fantasy in these games.
According to McDonnell (2010), an intervention plan is necessary for individuals that exhibit aggressive behavior a result of violent video gaming, it should involve activities such as; advising people in the surrounding to avoid any verbal engagement with these individuals or touch them. During this time, non-verbal signs and cues should be used to communicate with these individuals. In addition, they should be allowed to sit in silent rooms away from others and mostly should be near an exit (McDonnell, 2010).
The research presentation explores various specific techniques, as provision of small group instructions is also necessary. These instructions will help to monitor the affected individuals. Discussed procedures on how to execute their plan o.
Childhood Maltreatment and PTSD Literature Review and Proposed StudyAlexandraPerkins5
This literature and proposed study explores several research articles relating to childhood maltreatment and PTSD. The second section proposes a hypothetical study to further explore a gap identified in the literature review.
March 4, 2019
At the center of contemporary political debate are the record numbers of migrant families and children at the U.S.-Mexico border. As these parents and children flee the trauma of violence in their native countries, they are now experiencing the trauma of navigating an increasingly hostile immigration system. What can neuroscience tell us about the effects of these traumatic experiences on the brains of the children and adults? And how might the neuroscience of trauma and brain development affect legal cases? Can advances in mobile neuroimaging provide practitioners with real-time brain evidence of trauma? Does neuroscience have a larger role to play in shaping our nation’s immigration policies? This panel session brought together scientists and lawyers to start a dialogue on neuroscience, trauma, and justice.
This event was free and open to the public.
Part of the Project on Law and Applied Neuroscience, a collaboration between the Center for Law, Brain & Behavior at Massachusetts General Hospital and the Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School.
Learn more on the website: https://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/trauma-at-the-border
Running head LITERATURE REVIEW-POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER .docxwlynn1
Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW-POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 1
LITERATURE REVIEW-POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 8
Literature Review-Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Amber Hope
Argosy University
Literature Review-Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Introduction
Using Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory in this situation creates relevance towards approaches employed to manage post-traumatic stress disorder. The theory is a framework and approach that looks into satisfying needs for positive mental and physical development. The steps are met before one move to above steps. The needs include physiological, self-esteem, love & belonging, safety & security, love & belonging, and self-actualization. The above factors are considered critical for the methods employed in dealing with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Brummelte & Galea, 2016). The model is essential in identifying the effects of PTSD on battered women, parenting of youths, the mental status of pregnant mothers, and factors that lead to future criminality among youths.
The Jungian theory is also being looked at in dealing with PTSD because of its capacity, just like the Hierarchy of Needs theory, in bridging the relationship between the mind and social developments. The situation discusses PTSD as a problem in limiting positivity in mental and physical health (Brown, 2017). The society may not work without a stable mental status. Therefore, it is essential to study the relationship between PTSD and health. This is with a focus on mood, behavioral traits, health, and another health status.
Literature Review of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Baumeister, Vohs, Aaker, & Garbinsky (2013) argue that an organism possesses a positive life depending on its capacity to maintain an internal milieu amidst challenges in its environment. Brummelte & Galea, (2016) supports the above factor by calling it homeostasis. Stress is seen as a factor that changes the homeostasis of organisms negatively. Adamsons & Johnson (2013) presents the various stakeholders who are affected by PTSD. Among them include women, children, and male adults. However, women, children, and youths are the ones that experience the problem the most. Adamsons & Johnson (2013) shows that a stressor derived from the PTSD condition acts as a threat to the life of anyone in the world. PTSD has evolved for many decades depending on the changing nature of society and modern society. Stress response also continues to undergo evolution to acquire its adaptive processes.
Dziwota, Stepulak, Włoszczak-Szubzda, & Olajossy (2018) presents data relating to prolonged response towards stress. The situation appears as the one which influences the development of tissue damages and the occurrence of illnesses. The situation is seen to invoke coping mechanisms and responses between human and animals depending on the nature of the threats they perceive to affect their liv.
ALCohoL ReSeARCh C u r r e n t R e v i e w s506 Alcohol .docxADDY50
ALCohoL ReSeARCh: C u r r e n t R e v i e w s
506 Alcohol Research: C u r r e n t R e v i e w s
Resilience to Meet the
Challenge of Addiction
Psychobiology and Clinical Considerations
Tanja N. Alim, M.D.; William B. Lawson, M.D.; Adriana Feder, M.D.; Brian M.
Iacoviello, Ph.D.; Shireen Saxena, M.S.; Christopher R. Bailey; Allison M.
Greene, M.S.; and Alexander Neumeister, M.D.
Tanja N. Alim, M.D., is an assis-
tant professor and William B.
Lawson, M.D., is a professor
and chair of the Department
of Psychiatry, both at the
Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioral Sciences, Howard
University, Washington, DC.
Adriana Feder, M.D., is an assistant
professor; Brian M. Iacoviello,
Ph.D., is a postdoctoral fellow;
and Shireen Saxena, M.S.,
Christopher R. Bailey, and
Allison M. Greene, M.S., are
research associates; all at the
Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Program, Department of Psychiatry,
Mount Sinai School of Medicine,
New York, New York.
Alexander Neumeister, M.D., is
a professor in the Department of
Psychiatry and Radiology, New
York University Langone Medical
Center, New York, New York.
Acute and chronic stress–related mechanisms play an important role in the
development of addiction and its chronic, relapsing nature. Multisystem adaptations in
brain, body, behavioral, and social function may contribute to a dysregulated
physiological state that is maintained beyond the homeostatic range. In addition,
chronic abuse of substances leads to an altered set point across multiple systems.
Resilience can be defined as the absence of psychopathology despite exposure to
high stress and reflects a person’s ability to cope successfully in the face of adversity,
demonstrating adaptive psychological and physiological stress responses. The study of
resilience can be approached by examining interindividual stress responsibility at
multiple phenotypic levels, ranging from psychological differences in the way people
cope with stress to differences in neurochemical or neural circuitry function. The
ultimate goal of such research is the development of strategies and interventions to
enhance resilience and coping in the face of stress and prevent the onset of addiction
problems or relapse. Key WoRDS: Addiction; substance abuse; stress; acute stress
reaction; chronic stress reaction; biological adaptation to stress; psychological
response to stress; physiological response to stress; resilience; relapse; coping
skills; psychobiology
evidence from different disciplinessuggests that acute and chronicstress–related mechanisms play
an important role in both the develop-
ment and the chronic, relapsing nature
of addiction (Baumeister 2003; Baumeister
et al. 1994; Brady and Sinha 2005).
Stress is defined as the physiological
and psychological process resulting from
a challenge to homeostasis by any real
or perceived demand on the body
(Lazarus and Fokman 1984; McEwen
2000; Selye 1976). Stress often induces
multisystem adaptations that occur in
the brain and .
ALCohoL ReSeARCh C u r r e n t R e v i e w s506 Alcohol .docxSHIVA101531
ALCohoL ReSeARCh: C u r r e n t R e v i e w s
506 Alcohol Research: C u r r e n t R e v i e w s
Resilience to Meet the
Challenge of Addiction
Psychobiology and Clinical Considerations
Tanja N. Alim, M.D.; William B. Lawson, M.D.; Adriana Feder, M.D.; Brian M.
Iacoviello, Ph.D.; Shireen Saxena, M.S.; Christopher R. Bailey; Allison M.
Greene, M.S.; and Alexander Neumeister, M.D.
Tanja N. Alim, M.D., is an assis-
tant professor and William B.
Lawson, M.D., is a professor
and chair of the Department
of Psychiatry, both at the
Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioral Sciences, Howard
University, Washington, DC.
Adriana Feder, M.D., is an assistant
professor; Brian M. Iacoviello,
Ph.D., is a postdoctoral fellow;
and Shireen Saxena, M.S.,
Christopher R. Bailey, and
Allison M. Greene, M.S., are
research associates; all at the
Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Program, Department of Psychiatry,
Mount Sinai School of Medicine,
New York, New York.
Alexander Neumeister, M.D., is
a professor in the Department of
Psychiatry and Radiology, New
York University Langone Medical
Center, New York, New York.
Acute and chronic stress–related mechanisms play an important role in the
development of addiction and its chronic, relapsing nature. Multisystem adaptations in
brain, body, behavioral, and social function may contribute to a dysregulated
physiological state that is maintained beyond the homeostatic range. In addition,
chronic abuse of substances leads to an altered set point across multiple systems.
Resilience can be defined as the absence of psychopathology despite exposure to
high stress and reflects a person’s ability to cope successfully in the face of adversity,
demonstrating adaptive psychological and physiological stress responses. The study of
resilience can be approached by examining interindividual stress responsibility at
multiple phenotypic levels, ranging from psychological differences in the way people
cope with stress to differences in neurochemical or neural circuitry function. The
ultimate goal of such research is the development of strategies and interventions to
enhance resilience and coping in the face of stress and prevent the onset of addiction
problems or relapse. Key WoRDS: Addiction; substance abuse; stress; acute stress
reaction; chronic stress reaction; biological adaptation to stress; psychological
response to stress; physiological response to stress; resilience; relapse; coping
skills; psychobiology
evidence from different disciplinessuggests that acute and chronicstress–related mechanisms play
an important role in both the develop-
ment and the chronic, relapsing nature
of addiction (Baumeister 2003; Baumeister
et al. 1994; Brady and Sinha 2005).
Stress is defined as the physiological
and psychological process resulting from
a challenge to homeostasis by any real
or perceived demand on the body
(Lazarus and Fokman 1984; McEwen
2000; Selye 1976). Stress often induces
multisystem adaptations that occur in
the brain and .
Discussion Question PHL 1010 150 WORDS1. Describe an example of.docxelinoraudley582231
Discussion Question PHL 1010 150 WORDS
1. Describe an example of a time when you pointed out another person’s mistake. How can you tell whether another person is merely making a mistake or purposely trying to deceive you? What happened in this case? Your explanations should have reasons that support them that use information you learned in this course that apply to this event in your life.
Information Systems Management
Question 6
1. Describe any four rights of users of information systems.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length.
Question 7
1. Explain what is meant by outsourcing. Explain the management advantages of outsourcing.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length.
Discussion Question -150 WORDS
Identify an assignment in this course that had a positive impact on you. How will you be able to apply the skills you learned from it to gain life and/or career success?
Week 3 –Article – Posttraumatic stress in children and adolescents exposed to family violence
Posttraumatic stress in children and adolescents exposed to family violence: I. Overview and issues.
Authors:
Margolin, Gayla, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, US, [email protected]
Vickerman, Katrina A., University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, US
Address:
Margolin, Gayla, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, SGM 930, Los Angeles, CA, US, 90089-1061, [email protected]
Source:
Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, Vol 1(S), Aug, 2011. pp. 63-73.
Publisher:
US : Educational Publishing Foundation
ISSN:
2160-4096 (Print)
2160-410X (Electronic)
Language:
English
Keywords:
child physical abuse, complex trauma, developmental trauma disorder (DTD), domestic violence, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Abstract:
Exposure to child physical abuse and parents' domestic violence can subject youth to pervasive traumatic stress and can lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This article presents evolving conceptualizations in the burgeoning field of trauma related to family violence exposure and describes how the often repeating and ongoing nature of family violence exposure can complicate a PTSD diagnosis. In addition, recent literature indicates that children exposed to family violence may experience problems in multiple domains of functioning and may meet criteria for multiple disorders in addition to PTSD. Considerations salient to the recognition of traumatic stress in this population and that inform assessment and treatment planning are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
Subjects:
*Child Abuse; *Disorders; *Domestic Violence; *Physical Abuse; *Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Childhood Development; Emotional Trauma
PsycINFO Classification:
Neuroses & Anxiety Disorders (3215)
Population:
Human
Age Group:
Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
Grant Sponsorship:
Sponsor: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of .
An Examination of the Early Strains” of Imprisonment Among .docxgalerussel59292
An Examination of the Early “Strains” of Imprisonment Among Young
Offenders Incarcerated for Serious Crimes
Adrienne M. F. Peters and Raymond R. Corrado
Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
Adrienne M. F. Peters, School of Criminology, Simon Fraser University; Raymond R. Corrado, School of Criminology,
Simon Fraser University and Faculty of Law, University of Bergen, Norway.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to: Adrienne M. F. Peters, School of Criminology, 8888
University Dr., Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada; E-mail: [email protected]
KEYWORDS: incarcerated juveniles; risk factors; juvenile rehabilitation; needs assessment; coping
Abstract
The research described in this article examined the impact of general strain theory on young offenders’ institutional
adjustment, as measured using self-reported experiences in custody. Utilizing a sample of young offenders
incarcerated for serious crimes in British Columbia, Canada, this study employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to
explore the effects of noxious stimuli, the removal of positively valued stimuli, and vicarious strain on young offenders’
general institutional adjustment, as mediated by negative emotions including anger, depression, and anxiety. Our
results support the following putative relationship: the prior experiences of these young offenders moderately, but
significantly, influence negative emotionality and continued adjustment problems (i.e., victimization and environmental
stressors) in an institutional setting. We present implications for custodial screening and programming that should be
extended to the community, and propose areas for continued research.
Introduction
Agnew’s general strain theory characterizes strain as “relationships in which others are not treating the individual as he
or she would like to be treated” (Agnew, 1992, p. 48). He divides strain into three types: the failure to achieve positively
valued goals; the removal of positively valued stimuli; and the presence of noxious stimuli. General strain theory posits
that youth who experience these negative relationships turn to delinquency (e.g., drug use and violence) if they are
unable to articulate their problems and/or if they are unable to develop acceptable coping mechanisms. It is highly likely
that such strains continue to impact youth when they are incarcerated for such behaviors.
According to strain theory, strain has the greatest influence on the development of antisocial behavior when it is severe
and occurs often; is seen as unjust; is associated with low levels of self-control; and motivates the individual to cope in
a criminal way (Agnew, 2001, 2009). The specific strains theorized and empirically tested to have the greatest influence
on youth, both emotionally and in relation to ensuing negative responses, include the following: parental rejection (e.g.,
instability at home or being in .
Educational & Child Psychology; Vol. 36 No. 3 33
Evaluating the impact of an autogenic
training relaxation intervention on levels
of anxiety amongst adolescents in school
Tracey Atkins & Ben Hayes
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of a group-based autogenic training (AT) relaxation
intervention on levels of anxiety in adolescents in mainstream school settings.
Method: A mixed-methods design was used to measure differences in levels of anxiety and explore a range
of perceived changes between groups over time. Sixty-six young people aged between 14 and 15 years old
from four mainstream schools in the UK were randomly assigned within each school to an intervention
or wait-list control group. Quantitative data were analysed using a mixed between-within subjects ANOVA.
Qualitative information from 12 volunteer participants was analysed using thematic analysis.
Findings: Results showed a main effect of time for both the intervention group and the wait-list group
however, no significant main interaction was found. Qualitative results showed perceived improvements
in social relationships and connectivity; reflectiveness; self-awareness; physiological symptoms; and a sense
of control.
Limitations: Measures were reliant on self-reported data. Schools were recruited through self-referral and
expression of interest, excluding participants who may not have the opportunity to take part. There were
no opportunities to collect follow-up data.
Conclusions: Results suggest that a structured AT relaxation intervention delivered in a familiar
school environment may significantly reduce levels of anxiety amongst adolescents. However, significant
improvements for the wait-list group also raises questions around the potential of other supportive
variables, such as acknowledgement and validation of feelings, the promise and availability of
forthcoming support and the potential impact of raised awareness and interest in pupil wellbeing
amongst school staff.
Keywords: autogenic training; relaxation; adolescence; mind-body interventions; anxiety.
M
ENTAL HEALTH difficulties in
young people are a serious cause for
concern across the world. The World
Health Organization (WHO) reports that in
half of all cases of mental health conditions,
onset has occurred by the age of 14 years
old; suicide is the third leading cause of
death in 15–19 year olds; and the second
leading cause of death in girls (WHO, 2018).
It is estimated that one in ten children and
young people aged 5–16 years old have
a diagnosable mental health disorder in the
UK alone; and at least one in 12 children
and young people deliberately self-harm
(Young Minds, 2018).
In 2009, the UK government identi-
fied mental health as everyone’s business
(Department of Health; DoH, 2009) and
was specific about prevention and the tran-
sition time between adolescence and early
adulthood. Suggestions for schools include
promoting students’ mental health as part
of ...
INTERVENTION PLAN FOR AGGRESSIVENESS DUE TO VIOLENT VIDEO GAMING.
The Intervention plan this paper is by Jaimee Dugger titled “What are the effects of playing violent video games on aggressive behaviors in young adults?” Where he reveals that video games are produced and marketed to target children and youths. According to him, the videos come in different forms from cartoon games, football games, and violent and non-violent games. Non-violent games help improve social skills and reduce stress. They also improve sharpness and memory in children. However, negative attention has been towards violent video games, which have adverse negative effects. These video games include American forces, doom, the grand theft auto and death motto.
The research presentation motivated me to attribute violent video games to the aggressive behaviors from their users depending on their personalities. This is because they make gamers, the target audience, to confuse between reality and digital fantasy in these games. The research presentation shows that effects of these games towards aggression depend on cognition, arousal and affect, which are contributed by frustration. Cognitive information processing model helps to determine how social environment surrounding someone can affect the way they react and interact. Moreover, past experiences also affect the individual’s current behaviors. Violent video games cause decrease in cardiac coherence, which is enhanced by high stress levels caused by noise in the violent video games as opposed to non-violent ones. Cardiac coherence is a condition used to determine balance in the nervous system and coordination between breathing and heart rate.
A change in the part of brain that deals with cognitive function was discovered in individuals after a period of playing violent video games. Long term effects of these games develop due to the fact that human beings learn from infancy how to respond to situations according to obtained knowledge. Users of these games will tend to respond to situations using the aggression used in these violent video games without noticing the difference between reality and fantasy in these games.
According to McDonnell (2010), an intervention plan is necessary for individuals that exhibit aggressive behavior a result of violent video gaming, it should involve activities such as; advising people in the surrounding to avoid any verbal engagement with these individuals or touch them. During this time, non-verbal signs and cues should be used to communicate with these individuals. In addition, they should be allowed to sit in silent rooms away from others and mostly should be near an exit (McDonnell, 2010).
The research presentation explores various specific techniques, as provision of small group instructions is also necessary. These instructions will help to monitor the affected individuals. Discussed procedures on how to execute their plan o.
Childhood Maltreatment and PTSD Literature Review and Proposed StudyAlexandraPerkins5
This literature and proposed study explores several research articles relating to childhood maltreatment and PTSD. The second section proposes a hypothetical study to further explore a gap identified in the literature review.
March 4, 2019
At the center of contemporary political debate are the record numbers of migrant families and children at the U.S.-Mexico border. As these parents and children flee the trauma of violence in their native countries, they are now experiencing the trauma of navigating an increasingly hostile immigration system. What can neuroscience tell us about the effects of these traumatic experiences on the brains of the children and adults? And how might the neuroscience of trauma and brain development affect legal cases? Can advances in mobile neuroimaging provide practitioners with real-time brain evidence of trauma? Does neuroscience have a larger role to play in shaping our nation’s immigration policies? This panel session brought together scientists and lawyers to start a dialogue on neuroscience, trauma, and justice.
This event was free and open to the public.
Part of the Project on Law and Applied Neuroscience, a collaboration between the Center for Law, Brain & Behavior at Massachusetts General Hospital and the Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School.
Learn more on the website: https://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/trauma-at-the-border
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.